THE SPREAD OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE thuyết trinh môn đa dạng tiếng anh

THE SPREAD OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Group 8

Hồ Lê Uyên Bình
Nguyễn Song Ngọc Khanh

Đoàn Duy Trúc Nguyễn
Ninh Duy Hoàng


TABLE OF CONTENTS
1
History

2
How English spread

3
Why English become
international language


1

HISTORY


THREE STAGES

Old English

Middle English

Modern English

(9th- 12th)

(12th-15th)

(from 16th)


OLD ENGLISH
• Development from dialects of Ingveonic group ( North
Sea Germanic)- incl. Old Frisian, Old Saxon
• At first: purely Germanic
• Some influence from Latin (religion)
• First from around 700 AD
• Certainly “Old English” from the late 9th C


OLD ENGLISH
Sources include:
o Cædmon's Hymn

o Beowulf
o The Anglo Saxon Chronicles

In placenames:
o

o
o

‘-ing’ (‘the people of’)
‘-ton’ (‘village’)
‘-ham’ (‘farm’)


VOCABULARY
Old English words - out of the 100
most frequent words in English
now, 96 come from Old English


VOCABULARY
Example:
o Prepositions: on, in, to, into, by, with
o Articles / pronouns : the, a, you, he, I, me, that, which
o Verbs / verb forms: Is, was, are, have, can, make, like,
write, come
o Nouns: word, time, people, water, part, day, oil
o Others: not, as, or, and, so, if, no, one, two


●
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●
●
●
●

●
●
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Fæder ure
ðu ðe eart on heofenum
si ðin nama gehalgod
to-becume ðin rice
geweorỵe in willa on eoran swa
swa on heofenum.
Urne ge dổghwamlican hlaf syle us
to-deag
and forgyf us ure gyltas
swa swa we forgifaỵ urum gyltendum
ane ne gelæde ðu us on costnunge
ac alys us of yfle.

TEXT
EXAMPLES


ENGLISH UNDER THE NORMANS

Normans bring
French with them

French becomes
language of court
and institutions

English swamped
by French
vocabulary


ENGLISH UNDER THE NORMANS
Examples:

o military: army, archer, soldier, guard
o hierarchy: crown, court, duke, nobility, peasant, servant, govern,
authority, obedience
o law: arrest, justice, judge, jury, sentence, prison
o cooking: salmon, oyster, pork, fruit, lemon, biscuit, sugar, cream,
herb, appetite


MIDDLE ENGLISH
Between ca. 12th and 15th centuries
At first, French influence on English continues
•

•


MIDDLE ENGLISH
1325, William of Nassington: “I believe that no one
can speak Latin except those who have taken it at
school, and some who are accustomed to the court
and live there know French and no Latin. [...] But

educated and uneducated, old and young, they all
understand the English tongue.”
(M.Bragg: The Adventure of English, p.123-4


• Richard II (end 14th c.) first king since
Harold to use English
• Under his rule: English replaces French
in schools, courts of law, Parliament


The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles die
out (last entry in English in 1154)
• (Old) English lives on in spoken
form, in lower classes:
e.g.: ox, cow, sheep, calf, pig, deer
•
The higher classes speak French:
e.g.: beef, mutton, veal, pork, venison
• Start of exceptional vocabulary
wealth (Germanic + a Romance)
•


MODERN ENGLISH
• Generally: Modern’ English from 16th c. onwards
• Renaissance: ideas spread across Europe, new words(English

open to new vocabulary)
• Shakespeare: influence on English language e.g.: lackluster,

dwindle, sea-change, bandit, swagger, laughingstock, one fell
swoop, good riddance, it's all Greek to me, what's done is done,
brave new world, ...


MODERN ENGLISH
• Discoveries under Elisabeth I: also influence on language(contact with other

languages, cultures, new products)
•

17th c.: King James Bible


●

●
●
●
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Spanish and Portuguese: embargo,
apricot, tornado, banana, mosquito,
tobacco
Italian: opera, violin, cameo, volcano
Dutch: smuggle, landscape, keelhaul,
knapsack, yacht
Arabic: alcohol, harem, sheikh
Malay: bamboo, amoka

EXAMPLES
OF WORDS
FROM OTHER
LANGUAGE


2
HOW ENGLISH
SPREAD


Towards a global language
The three circles
English as a global language


Towards a global language
o The first significant step did not take place before the end of the
16th century (the regin of Elizabeth 1st ).
o In 1603, literature had boomed through the works of Spencer
Marlowe, Shakespeare, Francis Drake → laid the foundation for

the expanding influence of English in the new world


Towards a global language
o
o
o
o

o
o

English is used every day,
everywhere in the world:
Air-traffic control
International business
Academic conferences
Technology
Diplomacy
Sport.

-

‘A massive increase in the number of
people learning English has already
begun, and it is likely to reach a peak of
around 2 billion in the next 10-15 years.’

-

The colonisation of North America really
got under way → in 1640, 25,000 English

speakers in New England.


AMERICA
- In 17th century, USA was settled
→ many Caribbean islands (Jamaica, Trinidad), parts of Guiana on were

seized by Britain and settled by landowners
→ workers and slaves who were or became English-speaking.
-

About 7.1 million speakers of English and Englishbased creoles in the
Caribbean today.


ENGLISH IN NORTH AMERICA
Major dialects in North America
- Ethnic dialects:

- Region varieties

●

African American English

●

Northeastern American English

●

American Indian English

●

Southern States American English

●

Canadian English


AUSTRALIA
- The end of the 18th century, the 1st British settlers
arrived in Australia and New Zealand.
- A large proportion of the Australian immigrants did not
voluntarily move ‘down under’
- The early settlers in New Zealand were not prisoners.
- Today Australia has well over 17 million speakers of English
as a first language and New Zealand about 3.5 million.