Chapter 3: Cohesion in English discourse pdf

HANOI OPEN UNIVERSITY
FACULTY OF ENGLSH & MODERN LANGUAGES

DISCOURSE ANALYSIS
Chapter 3: Cohesion in English discourse
FULL NAME : NGUYỄN THANH THẢO
CLASS : KT4A
Tháng 12 năm 2012
I/ Grammatical cohesion
1. Reference
1.1 Definition:
 Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) was born into an upper
bourgeois (middle-class) family in Normandy, France. After
serving in the army, without enough money to continue his law
studies, he became a civil servant, working in various
ministries in Paris. At the same time, be studied writing with
the author Gustave Flaubert. The extraordinary success of his
art between 1880 and 1890, Maupassant published nearly
three hundred stories. He also wrote essays, plays, poetry,
and novels, including Pierre et Jean (1888). His work has
influenced countless numbers of writers around the world,
including Anton Chekhov and Kate Chopin
 John looked out of the window. He thought he saw a shape
in the bushes. Could it be a fox? Mary had told him about
the foxes. However, nobody had seen one for months.
1.2 Classification
a) Based on pointing direction
Reference
Exophoric Endophoric

Anaphoric Cataphoric

Exophoric reference
 The book is over there
 For she is a jolly good fellow and so say all of us
 Take a look at this.
 They’re playing football and he kicks it and it goes through
there it breaks the window and they’re looking at it and he
comes out and shouts at them…
 Pass me the towel
 They’re playing football and he kicks it and it goes through
there it breaks the window and they’re looking at it and he
comes out and shouts at them…
Endophric
 Three boys are playing football and one boy kicks the
ball and it goes through the window and the boys are
looking at it and a man comes out and shouts at them
Anaphoric reference
 The monkey took the banana and ate it
 Pam went home because she felt sick
 My girlfriend and I met my lawyer for a drink, but she
became ill and had to leave.
 "If a man has talent and can't use it, he's failed."
"If a man has talent and can't use it, he's failed."
 "No woman can call herself free until she can choose
consciously whether she will or will not be a mother."
 "In peace, sons bury their fathers. In war, fathers bury
their sons."
 "Laws are like sausages; it is better not to see them being
made."
 "Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought
so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her

daughters have been afraid of it since."
 "Well, knowledge is a fine thing, and mother Eve thought
so; but she smarted so severely for hers, that most of her
daughters have been afraid of it since."
 Monte Brooks, 67, theatrical producer and band leader,
collapsed and died Thursday in a Lloyd Center restaurant.
He lived at 6124 N. Willamette Blvd.
Cataphoric reference
 A few weeks before he died, my father gave me an old
cigar box filled with faded letters.
 In 'The Pendulum Years,' his history of the 1960s, Bernard
Levin writes of the 'collective insanity which seized Britain.
 If she were alive today, [Barbara] Tuchman would surely
be preparing to pen fresh furious pages tonight, as the
president seeks to rally his faltering domestic popularity
with summonses of support.
 "You must remember this:
A kiss is just a kiss
A sigh is just a sigh.
 It must have been tough on your mother, not having any
children.
 Too scared to buy before they sell, some homeowners
aim for a trade.
 So I just want to say this to the Congress: An America
that buys much more than they sell year in and year
out is an America that is facing economic and military
disaster.
 After she declared herself 'broken, betrayed, at bay, really
low' in another organ yesterday, I'm not sure the Diary
should even mention poor Bel Mooney's name.

 'When he arrived, John noticed that the door was open'.
 Here are two examples of fossil fuels : Coal and wood
 Child : Why does that one go ?
Father : that what ?
Child : that one
Father : that one what ?
Child : that parrot, that you kept in in the cage.
b) Based on reference realization:
Personal reference:
 At the zoo
One day I went to the zoo and I saw rhinocerous I moved
to a hippopotamus I touched him and and he is big and so
I went on and I saw a tiger and this man was feeding him it
was eating it up Mom told me to move on and next came
then a gorilla. I had a baby gorilla. My mum told me to
move on. I saw a watch. It was 5 o‘clock.
 West African dwarf sheep are found roaming about the
towns and villages in many southern parts of West Africa in
small flocks. They thrive and breed successfully in areas
of trypanosomiasis risk. Their coat colour is either
predominantly white with irregular black patches, or black
marked with white patches.
 Three blind mice, three blind mice.
See you they run! See how they run!
Demonstrative reference
 At the zoo
One day I went to the zoo and I saw rhinocerous I moved
to a hippopotamus I touched him and and he is big and so I
went on and I saw a tiger and this man was feeding him it
was eating it up Mom told me to move on and next came

then a gorilla. I had a baby gorilla. My mum told me to
move on. I saw a watch. It was 5 o‘clock.
 Be careful of wasp, bees and hornets. These are
dangerous pests.
 Doctor Foster went to Gloucester in a shower of
rain. He stepped in a puddle right up to his middle
and never went there again.
 I always drink a lot of beer when I am in England. There
are many lovely pubs there
Comparative reference
 Look, there’s a cat in the tree.
–It’s the same cat as the one we saw yesterday.
–It’s a similar cat as the one we saw yesterday.
–It’s a different cat from the one we saw yesterday.
 He made more mistakes than I did.
 She’s a better scholar than the whole rest of them.
 Beecher Stowe gives a moving account of the horrors of
slavery. Clemens’ treatment of the issue in the classic
novel Huckleberry Finn is lighter but more subtle.
 There were two wrens upon a tree. Another came,
and there were three.
2. Substitution
1.1 Definition
 My axe is too blunt. I must get a sharper one.
 You think Joan already knows? - I think everybody does.
 Let's go and see the bears. The polar ones are over on that
rock.
 Did Mary take that letter? She might have done.
1.2 Classification
Nominal substitution

 Would you like some sandwiches?
‘Please pass the ones with cucumber in.’
 In an experiment, some children were given six cardboard
discs each in a different colour. They were then asked to
choose the colour they like best. The majority chose the
blue one.
 Are there lions in those hills?
Yes, we saw one on the way back.
 Cherry ripe, cherry ripe, ripe I cry.
Full and fair ones - come and buy.
 I only brought the red wine. The white one must be in the
fridge.
 Maggie said she’d have a half of shandy, Susan ordered
the same
 ‘I’m having chicken and rice.’
‘I’ll have the same.’
 Would that we could say the same of Ringwood, my once
happy home, which stands about five miles from my
present abode.
 And I think the same was written with a thumb-nail dipped
in tar
 The folk-songs, even if they were invented before the birth
of the modern key-sense, were soon modified by it: very
few indications can be found of their having originated in
the epoch when the modes had the domination; and the
same is true of the dances.
 The scientists, from fingerprint-lifters and bullet-gazers on
up, had supplied a lot of dope but no answers, and the
same goes for the three or four dozen who went after the
woman angle, which after a couple of weeks was spread to

include several more, going back four years instead of one,
in addition to the original seven.
 Then, as the lateral branches grew long enough, I did the
same with them, peeling off a section of the bark and bast
of both branches with a pocket knife to reveal the cambium
at the point of contact, then binding them tightly together.
Verbal substitution
 ‘I don’t know the meaning of half those long words, and,
what’s more, I don’t believe you do either.
 And I wouldn’t like to be present when you express your
views, if ever you do
 If God did it for Deke Mutombo, He can do it for you!
 ‘We met in Brazil. Do you remember?’
‘Yes, we must have done.’
 Mogad appeared to consider this for a moment, directing
his gaze as he did so toward the other members of the
crew
 He had indeed been purchasing flour and exporting it in
great quantities, but had done so on behalf of John
Holker, agent for the French forces in America.
 A: Annie says you drink too much.
B: So do you?
Clausal substitution
 Is there going to be an earthquake? – It says so.
 Are you feeling better? – I think so
 Did he stand up to be counted in the old days?- I think not
 if you’ve seen them so often, of course you know what
they’re like.’ ‘I believe so’, said Alice.
 Everyone seems to think he’s guilty. If so, no doubt he’ll
offer to resign

 May I give you a slice?’ she said, taking up the knife and
fork, and looking from one Queen to the other. ‘Certainly
not,’ the Red Queen said
 If you’ve seen them so often, you get to know them very
well. I believe so.
 We should recognise him when we see him.
Yes, but supposing not: what do we do?
3. Ellipsis
1.1 Definition
 You’ve got more use for it than I have Ф
 I ran 5 miles on the first day and 8 Ф ( miles ) on the
second Ф ( day )
 Prosperity is a great teacher; adversity a greater Ф
1.2 Classification
Nominal ellipsis
 While Kim had lots of books, Pat had very few Ф.
 Ф Hope he’s there
 Henrietta likes red shirts and I like blue Ф
 I like strong tea. I suppose that weak Ф is better for you
 This model is more suitable than that Ф.
 I went up that skyscraper in Boston, but the tallest Ф is in
Chicago.
 A: Here are my two white scarves;
B: I used to have three Ф
Verbal ellipsis
 Two of them disappeared without trace as fast as they
could Ф
 But he … he wants to marry her, and she Ф him.
 Today I go home at five o’clock, but tomorrow Ф at seven
o’clock.

 Has that happened? Yes, it has.

 I’m going to look after you — it’s time someone did — and
we’ll think of some ways and means Ф.

 She wanted to make amends but didn’t know how to Ф
 Now I was ready to take on the guards and he was calming
me, rather than me Ф him
 Mary’s reading Wittgenstein came as a surprise, but
nobody expected John’s Ф .
 John took a long time to read that book, although Mary’s Ф
took longer.
 A: What have you been doing these days?
B: Ф Preparing for the driving license test
 A : Have you been swimming?
B : yes, I have Ф
A : What have you been doing
B : Ф swimming
 Those who prefer Ф, can stay indoors
 Got any money?
 US heading for new slump
Clausal ellipsis
 A: Have you ever been to the Great Wall?
B: Yes, twice
 A: Better today? (=Are you better today?)
B: Much better. (=I’m much better today)
 It’s cold. – Yes
 Don’t tell anyone what you saw! - Yes, I will.
 Did she make him a good wife? - No, a good husband.
4. Conjunction

1.1 Adversative
Adversative relation proper
 This is a useful rule, but difficult to remember
 John plays basketball well, yet his favorite sport is
badminton.
 They worked hard for the test, however, they failed.
 He looks very fit in spite of his age.
 I went swimming although it was cold.
 I will be late because there is a lot of traffic today.
 He nevertheless continued his way to the headquarters,
keeping to himself the observations which men and things
forced him to make
 It rained all day, despite this we had a good time.
 We won only to lose again in the next round
 I stopped still, and I believe I trembled; of course I did not
turn round or run away; I was not brought up to that.
Contrastive relations
 Dreams are meant to be dreamt. On the other hand,
nightmares are meant to be experienced.
 Matthew is a good student; in fact, he is on the honor roll.
 She loves to ride horses. As a matter of fact, she spends
every summer at her family's ranch just so that she can
ride her beloved thoroughbred.
 Be straight with people, tell the truth then you don't have
to remember your lies.
 I actually think that dogs are better than cats.
 However he had nullified the force of the enchantment by
prayer, and had killed my thirteen knights in a three hours'
battle, and taken me prisoner, sparing my life in order that
so strange a curiosity as I was might be exhibited to the

wonder and admiration of the king and the court.
 I liked the things and the kisses, but it was dreadful to have
you sit looking at me while I opened the bundles," said
Beth, who was toasting her face and the bread for tea at
the same time.
 He was bigger than I expected: I do not know why I had
imagined him slender and of insignificant appearance; in
point of fact he was broad and heavy, with large hands
and feet, and he wore his evening clothes clumsily.
Corrective relations
 She did not use the same recipe, but made some changes
instead.
 This is not a meaningful sentence. Rather, it's an example
 Some people say that older people are wiser. On the
contrary, I've met many foolish grandparents, and a
number of very sensible young adults.
 I suppose your wife doesn't understand you.' 'On the
contrary, she understands me very well
 The movies I like to watch must have a message or at
least make you think about something important.
Dismissive relations
 Under this system, the wharfies worked for whichever
company needed them on the day and the union had the
final say over who worked when and where.
 And inasmuch," continued the judge, "as it is not proved
that the act was not done by the connivance of the master
with the servant, and as the master in any case must be
held responsible for the acts of his paid servant, I condemn
Phileas Fogg to a week's imprisonment and a fine of one
hundred and fifty pounds.

 The movements of the last century failed because they
were too purely intellectual and had not an enlightened
heart behind them. Nationalism has striven to supply the
deficiency; it has poured the inspirations of the heart into a
swifter and more discerning intellectual activity. But
Nationalism also has been defective; it has been Indian in
sentiment and aspiration, European in practice and
actuality. It has helped itself with the intellect, rejoicing in its
own lightness, clearness, accuracy, shrewd insight, but it
has not been sufficiently supported by inspired wisdom. It
has attached itself to imaginations and idealisms, but has
not learned to discern the deeper Truth and study the will of
God. It has been driven by ardent and vehement emotions,
but was defective in clear will-power and the pure energy
that is greater and more impetuous than any passionate
feeling. Either Nationalism will purify itself, learn a more
sacred truth and command a diviner impulse, or it will have
to abandon utterly its old body and get itself a new. The
pressure of events seems to be pointing in the latter
direction. But in either case, defeat cannot be the end,
victory must be the end.
 The sea may rise or the land may fall; either way the sand
dunes will be gone in a short time.
 I don’t mind staying home from the party because I don’t
feel all that well, any way.
 I’ll call you tomorrow whether I have the answer for you
then or not.
 The Manufacturer, seeing that he could get no labour for a
long time and finding the times pretty hard anyhow, burned
down his shoe factory for the insurance, and when the

strikers wanted to resume work there was no work to
resume.
 In any event, the government faced a serious protest.
 China's population must be seven hundred millions, eight
hundred millions, nobody knew how many millions, but at
any rate it would soon be a billion.
1.2 Additive
Simple additive relations
 That is not what I meant to say, nor should you interpret
my statement as an admission of guilt.
 Granting the stay the government wants would allow it
to act on those discharges and also allow it to put
recent applicants from gay enlistees in limbo, the group
said.
 We called a meeting and Stu Spencer and Bill Roberts,
who were managing the campaign, said that Brown was
making so much headway with this that we had to
defuse it or else lose the election.
 Writing yourself a note and putting the note where you
will see it when you leave the vehicle; — Placing your
purse, briefcase or something else you need in the back
seat so that you will have to check the back seat when
you leave the vehicle; or — Keeping an object in the car
seat, such as a stuffed toy.
 I ought to make him feel that I can do without his riches,
that I cannot be bought, neither by comfort, neither by
pride, and though I be utterly penniless, and receiving
bread from him, that he is the poor man beside me
 In either case the owner will really pay annually only
upon the land value, not upon the growth; the only

difference being that under the proposed system he
would not be asked to, while under the present system
either there will be no growth to tax, or, if there is, he
cannot afford to pay and the land will revert
Complex additive relations
 He stated further that he would not cooperate with the
committee.
 He had exquisite manners, and bowed to the company
on all sides; for he had noble blood, and was,
moreover, accustomed to the society of man alone;
and that makes a great difference.
 It was additionally disconcerting to have madame
knitting all the way there, in a public conveyance; it was
additionally disconcerting yet, to have madame in the
crowd in the afternoon, still with her knitting in her hands
as the crowd waited to see the carriage of the King and
Queen.
 Besides, it has been divined by other continental
commentators, that when Jonah was thrown overboard
from the Joppa ship, he straightway effected his escape
to another vessel nearby, some vessel with a whale for
a figure-head; and, I would add, possibly called The
Whale, as some craft are nowadays christened the
Shark, the Gull, the Eagle.
 I shall add to this another piece as diverting, which also
happened in my knowledge at this very town of Yeovil,
though some years ago.
 The opera of la Vestale was then new, and very much
the fashion; it represented a quadrille of priests and
vestals who entered to the sound of delicious music on

the flute and harp, and in addition to this there were
magicians, a Swiss marriage, Tyrolian betrothals, etc.
 The paper had drawn its own conclusions — another
thing they are seldom shy about — and was now
wondering aloud if the distinguished gentleman in
captivity, Mr. Daryll Earl McHale, was actually, in fact,
the killer.
 Starting and ending with the dry ingredients, beat them
in alternately with the coffee mixture
 Readers will note that they not only sell it in quantities
most especially useful for parish churches, but also in
smaller quantities for those who wish to burn incense at
home -which, incidentally, is a practice which can be
very conducive to setting a climate of prayer, or to mark
a feast day.
 It will have its garden-plots and its parterres elsewhere
than on the earth, and gather nuts and berries by the
way for its subsistence, or orchard fruits with such
heedlessness as berries.
Comparative relations
 On the one hand smokers should have the right to
smoke if they want to, but on the other hand non-
smokers should have the right to breathe smoke-free air.
 My hometown and my college town have several things
in common. First, both are small rural communities. For
example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of
only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town,
Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents.
This population swells to 15,000 people when the
college students are attending classes. A second way in

which these two towns are similar is that they are both
located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many
acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing
corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in
the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and
cattle. Thirdly, both of these towns are similar in that
both contain college campuses. Gridlock, for example, is
home to Neutron College, which is famous for its
Agricultural Economics program as well as for its annual
Corn-Watching Festival. Likewise, the town of
Subnormal boasts the beautiful campus of Quark
College, which is well known for its Agricultural
Engineering department and also for its yearly Hog-
Calling Contest.
 The cats will often sleep the day away. The dogs, by
contrast, never settle down
 The fear, conversely, is that the idea of an overall
freeze becomes a fetish while the specifics of program
analysis fall out of the picture
Appositive relations
 Work and school are very much alike in at least five
ways. First, both require an early start. Going to work
requires getting up early to avoid the traffic rush, and
going to school requires getting up early to be assured
of a parking space. Second, promptness is important in
both places. Being at work on time pleases the
employer; being in class on time pleases the instructor.
Third, both involve quotas. A job imposes various
quotas on a worker to ensure maximum production for
example, a certain amount of boxes must be filled on

an assembly line, or a designated number of calls must
be made by a telephone solicitor. Likewise, school
imposes quotas on a student to ensure maximum
effort for instance, a certain number of essays must
be written in an English composition class or a specific
number of books must be read in an American Novel
course.
 They know all save what is in your heart and mind, and
that is what maddens them.
 And you realise that I mean it, mean it, with every fibre
of me.
 The aim of the moral law is to bring to pass the perfect
union of existences and being, in other words to
complete the methexic cycle.
1.3 Temporal
Simple temporal relations
 The wine-bags also fell to my lot to carry, and
throughout the day, after each drink, I replenished them
secretly with water, so that at the next halt they were
found fuller than before
 Three or four days afterwards a solitary Indian,
believed to be the same, was observed crossing a
valley, and pursued; but he darted away into the
fastnesses of the mountains, and was seen no more.
 True, both his eyes, in themselves, must
simultaneously act; but is his brain so much more
comprehensive, combining, and subtle than man's, that
he can at the same moment of time attentively examine
two distinct prospects, one on one side of him, and the
other in an exactly opposite direction?

 In the earlier epochs of history, we find almost
everywhere a complicated arrangement of society into
various orders, a manifold gradation of social rank.
 I had previously written to Miserrimus Dexter (by my
old friend's advice), merely saying that I had been
unexpectedly called away from London for a few days,
and that I would report to him the result of my interview
with Lady Clarinda on my return.
 A few months after that about a month before our soon
to be adopted child was to be born, the birth mother
changed her mind and decided to keep her child rather
than put it up for adoption.
 What I found in subsequently asking around was that
several of my long-time fly fishing acquaintances around
the country had either just had or were about to have
similar shoulder surgery.
 And then the whole blame game thing just cracks me
up they are ridiculous then they are gona take off a few
days and meet again on Thurs…so they will all be
vacationing in Marthas Vineyard while the country falls
apart mario de la ossa
 The policy has been on and off the books as the Obama
administration works to end the law while at the same
time fights a court battle because of a lawsuit by the
gay rights organization, the Log Cabin Republicans,
which sued the Justice Department to stop the policy's
enforcement immediately.
 There was a period before then when he seemed more
withdrawn than usual—which I’ve since learned can be
a prepsychotic pattern—but the first time I actually saw

him do anything overtly bizarre was around three or four
months before he left.
Complex temporal relations
 Girls," said Meg seriously, looking from the tumbled
head beside her to the two little night-capped ones in
the room beyond, "Mother wants us to read and love
and mind these books, and we must begin at once.
 In the naval officer's room he even took a pack of
playing-cards into his hand, and was thereupon invited
to make a fourth in a game; but after losing a few times,
as well as making several blunders in his play, he
abandoned the pursuit.
 Losing a job and with no hope of getting any other soon
enough has for sure made you day and you were facing
an uncertain future in all counts.
 The dim suggestion of the laboratory seemed presently
to fall away from me, and I saw the sun hopping swiftly
across the sky, leaping it every minute, and every
minute marking a day.
 A few years later this would have been impossible,
because the passport system was to become so perfect
that no man, woman, nor child in all the land was
unregistered and unaccounted for in his or her
movements.
 They are ready enough to be your soldiers whilst you do
not make war, but if war comes they take themselves off
or run from the foe; which I should have little trouble to
prove, for the ruin of Italy has been caused by nothing
else than by resting all her hopes for many years on
mercenaries, and although they formerly made some

display and appeared valiant amongst themselves, yet
when the foreigners came they showed what they were.
 Perhaps by this time the party may be organized this
magazine is several months old.
 Jupiter, telling him that it would be the last time that he
could grant his request, ordained that he be sold to a
tanner.
 First Eid special train would depart Karachi Railway
Station on September 18 at 1730 hours and reach
Peshawar Cantt at 1830 hours while second special
train would leave Karachi Cantt at 1545 hours on
September 19 and reach Rawalpindi on 1155 hours the
next day.
 And thus thy memory is to me Like some enchanted far-
off isle In some tumultuos sea Some ocean throbbing
far and free With storms but where meanwhile
Serenest skies continually Just o're that one bright
island smile.
 Salisbury, on which he built for himself a quaint
fifteenth-century house, St. Marie's Grange.
 On every one of them there was much chemical
evidence that some time earlier — always until now
very much earlier — the world had had an oxygen-rich
atmosphere.
 Hey, Lick-Lick, next time wait for me to tell you to come
into my dressing room.
 Ah, says he, they might have caught even me with that
bait; as he said on another occasion that he was so
much in debt as to be fit for a rebel; and again, as I shall
have to explain just now, that he was like to be called in

question under the Cincian law because of a present of
books!
 One of the Andean peaks upheaved on this occasion
was the colossal mass of Aconcagua, which overlooks
Valparaiso, and measures nearly 24,000 feet in height.
 There was one old fellow in the congregation — Brother
Bootle or some such name — who was often called on
to lead us in prayer, and whenever he stood up the
tramps would begin stamping as though in a theatre;
they said that on a previous occasion he had kept up
an extempore prayer for twenty-five minutes, until the
minister had interrupted him.
 She must have worked rapidly; a bare five minutes
later Thrykar's communicator began to click, and when
he responded, the curved upper hull of the spaceship
appeared immediately at the near edge of the quarry
 It was the twentieth of June, the weather had turned
summerish, and the road, which had been as dusty as
possible a disgrace to the nation that owns it five or
six weeks before, when I entered the Valley, was by
this time very much dustier
 Young Hennessy, sitting at a table with a duchess, an
actor-manager and two complete strangers, made an
importunate attempt to attract his attention, and it was
not until then that Campion, normally the most
observant of men, glanced at Amanda and noticed that
she had grown astonishingly good to look at.
 He came to see the hairdresser fellow next door or so
he said, but the next moment he was a knocking on
our door, and I had not got up the stairs from the cellar

when Annemarie opened it
 You are not to suppose, with all your conviction of my
idleness, that I have passed all this time without writing
to my Baretti.
 He was scouted by what was then the Minneapolis
Lakers, but just before the NBA draft, while working at
a summer job, he shattered his knee as he unloaded a
pile of Sheetrock
 Despite my seemingly never-ending agnostic
questioning and doubting, in light of the evidence
revealed in this book, it seems prudent to hedge my
bets at this point and give the spirits the benefit of the
doubt.
 “They sat and sipped at it, and after a time Odell said’
‘You've never seen the like of meanness I have.”
Conclusive relations
 In the end the decision of which one to go with is yours
and depends entirely upon your criteria: High quality or
low price.
 She shrouded herself, puffing and snorting, in a cloud of
steam at the stove, and eventually extracted a frying-
pan full of potatoes that hissed
 In conclusion, the general observed that his wife took
as great an interest in the prince as though he were her
own son; and that she had commenced to be especially
affectionate towards Aglaya was a self-evident fact
 He said something vague about his forgetting to warn
me, and asked me briefly when I left the house and
what I had seen.
 In short, each one exhibited some favorite article, and

all appeared in their best, both men and women; while
the ground-works in dress, in either sex, were the
coarse fabrics manufactured within their own dwellings.
 So I sat quietly down, and began to sum up my profits
on the corsages.
 The outcome of it was that von Horn finally decided to
make an attempt to follow the trail of the creature that
the woman had seen, and with this plan in view
persuaded Muda Saffir to arrange with the chief of the
long-house at which they then were to furnish him with
trackers and an escort of warriors, promising them
some splendid heads should they be successful in
overhauling Bulan and his pack
 “If we are not taken off with the sword, we are like to
march off with an ague in this mud basket; and to
conclude with a very bad pun, to the ear rather than to
the eye, better martially than marsh-ally: ” the situation
of Missolonghi is not unknown to you
 There, where the Persians had crushed the Spartans on
their way to destroy Athens, Philip, backed by his army,
at last forced the Amphictyonic Council to take decisive
action against the Phocian rebels and end the impasse.
 So, tell me, do you find him attractive?'
'In a word - no.'
1.4 Causal
Causal relations
 It was committed in the presence of slaves, and they of
course could neither institute a suit, nor testify against
him; and thus the guilty perpetrator of one of the
bloodiest and most foul murders goes unwhipped of

justice, and uncensured by the community in which he
lives.
 Hence it is that history furnishes us with so many
mortifying examples of the prevalency of foreign
corruption in republican governments.
 They replied: You fight and contend with the wind, and
consequently you are destroyed; while we on the
contrary bend before the least breath of air, and
therefore remain unbroken, and escape.
 Accordingly I entered and whilst the rest of the party
were devouring green tea and buttered toast, we
feasted ourselves in a more refined and sentimental
Manner by a confidential Conversation
 They were again obliged, therefore, to beat down a
path for their horses, sometimes travelling on the icy
surface of the stream.
 But where this unity has been broken as much as in
Switzerland, the abstract nature of religion—which
because of this abstract quality occupies a definite
position in relation to all other interests—brings about
immediately very characteristic patterns of group-
affiliation.
 It was for this reason that Teoth was concerned that
conveyance of this special captive warrior to peaceful
Omaphil did not seem to greatly trouble his fellows.
 Yet so tender was Sam's conscience, that he had
frequent searchings of heart, afterward, on account of
this profanation of sacred hours, and indulged in floods
of longwinded penitence.
 If [this] law be true, it follows that the natural series of

affinities will also represent the order in which the
several species came into existence, each one having
had for its immediate antetype a clearly allied species
existing at the time of its origin .
 It provides a republican organization, proscribes under
the name of prerogative the exercise of all powers
undefined by the laws; places on this basis the whole
system of our laws; and, by consolidating them together,
chuses that they shall be left to stand or fall together,
never providing for any circumstances, nor admitting