PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN EAST ASIA MAINLAND CHINA, JAPAN, SOUTH KOREA, AND TAIWAN doc

PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
IN EAST ASIA
MAINLAND CHINA, JAPAN,
SOUTH KOREA, AND TAIWAN

PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC POLICY
A Comprehensive Publication Program
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
EVAN M. BERMAN
Distinguished University Professor
J. William Fulbright Distinguished Scholar
National Chengchi University
Taipei, Taiwan
Founding Editor
JACK RABIN
1. Public Administration as a Developing Discipline,
Robert T. Golembiewski
2. Comparative National Policies on Health Care, Milton I. Roemer, M.D.
3. Exclusionary Injustice: The Problem of Illegally Obtained Evidence,
Steven R. Schlesinger
5. Organization Development in Public Administration, edited by
Robert T. Golembiewski and William B. Eddy
7. Approaches to Planned Change, Robert T. Golembiewski
8. Program Evaluation at HEW, edited by James G. Abert
9. The States and the Metropolis, Patricia S. Florestano
and Vincent L. Marando
11. Changing Bureaucracies: Understanding the Organization before
Selecting the Approach, William A. Medina

12. Handbook on Public Budgeting and Financial Management, edited by
Jack Rabin and Thomas D. Lynch
15. Handbook on Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations,
edited by Jack Rabin, Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth,
and Gerald J. Miller
19. Handbook of Organization Management, edited by William B. Eddy
22. Politics and Administration: Woodrow Wilson and American Public
Administration, edited by Jack Rabin and James S. Bowman
23. Making and Managing Policy: Formulation, Analysis, Evaluation,
edited by G. Ronald Gilbert
25. Decision Making in the Public Sector, edited by Lloyd G. Nigro
26. Managing Administration, edited by Jack Rabin, Samuel Humes,
and Brian S. Morgan
2 7. Public Personnel Update, edited by Michael Cohen
and Robert T. Golembiewski
28. State and Local Government Administration, edited by Jack Rabin
and Don Dodd
29. Public Administration: A Bibliographic Guide to the Literature,
Howard E. McCurdy
31. Handbook of Information Resource Management, edited by Jack Rabin
and Edward M. Jackowski

32. Public Administration in Developed Democracies: A Comparative Study,
edited by Donald C. Rowat
33. The Politics of Terrorism: Third Edition, edited by Michael Stohl
34. Handbook on Human Services Administration, edited by Jack Rabin
and Marcia B. Steinhauer
36. Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values, Second Edition,
John A. Rohr
3 7. The Guide to the Foundations of Public Administration, Daniel W. Martin

39. Terrorism and Emergency Management: Policy and Administration,
William L. Waugh, Jr.
40. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Second Edition,
Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson
43. Government Financial Management Theory, Gerald J. Miller
46. Handbook of Public Budgeting, edited by Jack Rabin
49. Handbook of Court Administration and Management, edited by
Steven W. Hays and Cole Blease Graham, Jr.
50. Handbook of Comparative Public Budgeting and Financial Management,
edited by Thomas D. Lynch and Lawrence L. Martin
53. Encyclopedia of Policy Studies: Second Edition, edited by
Stuart S. Nagel
54. Handbook of Regulation and Administrative Law, edited by
David H. Rosenbloom and Richard D. Schwartz
55. Handbook of Bureaucracy, edited by Ali Farazmand
56. Handbook of Public Sector Labor Relations, edited by Jack Rabin,
Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
5 7. Practical Public Management, Robert T. Golembiewski
58. Handbook of Public Personnel Administration, edited by Jack Rabin,
Thomas Vocino, W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
60. Handbook of Debt Management, edited by Gerald J. Miller
62. Handbook of Local Government Administration, edited by
John J. Gargan
63. Handbook of Administrative Communication, edited by
James L. Garnett and Alexander Kouzmin
64. Public Budgeting and Finance: Fourth Edition, edited by
Robert T. Golembiewski and Jack Rabin
6 7. Handbook of Public Finance, edited by Fred Thompson
and Mark T. Green
68. Organizational Behavior and Public Management: Third Edition,

Michael L. Vasu, Debra W. Stewart, and G. David Garson
69. Handbook of Economic Development, edited by Kuotsai Tom Liou
70. Handbook of Health Administration and Policy, edited by Anne Osborne
Kilpatrick and James A. Johnson
72. Handbook on Taxation, edited by W. Bartley Hildreth
and James A. Richardson
73. Handbook of Comparative Public Administration in the Asia-Pacific
Basin, edited by Hoi-kwok Wong and Hon S. Chan
74. Handbook of Global Environmental Policy and Administration, edited by
Dennis L. Soden and Brent S. Steel
75. Handbook of State Government Administration,
edited by
John J. Gargan
76. Handbook of Global Legal Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel

78. Handbook of Global Economic Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
79. Handbook of Strategic Management: Second Edition, edited by
Jack Rabin, Gerald J. Miller, and W. Bartley Hildreth
80. Handbook of Global International Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
81. Handbook of Organizational Consultation: Second Edition, edited by
Robert T. Golembiewski
82. Handbook of Global Political Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
83. Handbook of Global Technology Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
84. Handbook of Criminal Justice Administration, edited by
M. A. DuPont-Morales, Michael K. Hooper, and Judy H. Schmidt
85. Labor Relations in the Public Sector: Third Edition, edited by
Richard C. Kearney
86. Handbook of Administrative Ethics: Second Edition, edited by
Terry L. Cooper
8 7. Handbook of Organizational Behavior: Second Edition, edited by

Robert T. Golembiewski
88. Handbook of Global Social Policy, edited by Stuart S. Nagel
and Amy Robb
89. Public Administration: A Comparative Perspective, Sixth Edition,
Ferrel Heady
90. Handbook of Public Quality Management, edited by Ronald J. Stupak
and Peter M. Leitner
91. Handbook of Public Management Practice and Reform, edited by
Kuotsai Tom Liou
93. Handbook of Crisis and Emergency Management, edited by
Ali Farazmand
94. Handbook of Comparative and Development Public Administration:
Second Edition, edited by Ali Farazmand
95. Financial Planning and Management in Public Organizations,
Alan Walter Steiss and Emeka O. Cyprian Nwagwu
96. Handbook of International Health Care Systems, edited by Khi V. Thai,
Edward T. Wimberley, and Sharon M. McManus
9 7. Handbook of Monetary Policy, edited by Jack Rabin
and Glenn L. Stevens
98. Handbook of Fiscal Policy, edited by Jack Rabin and Glenn L. Stevens
99. Public Administration: An Interdisciplinary Critical Analysis, edited by
Eran Vigoda
100. Ironies in Organizational Development: Second Edition, Revised
and Expanded, edited by Robert T. Golembiewski
101. Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism, edited by
Tushar K. Ghosh, Mark A. Prelas, Dabir S. Viswanath,
and Sudarshan K. Loyalka
102. Strategic Management for Public and Nonprofit Organizations,
Alan Walter Steiss
103. Case Studies in Public Budgeting and Financial Management:

Second Edition, edited by Aman Khan and W. Bartley Hildreth
104. Handbook of Conflict Management, edited by William J. Pammer, Jr.
and Jerri Killian
105. Chaos Organization and Disaster Management, Alan Kirschenbaum
106. Handbook of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, and Transgender Administration
and Policy, edited by Wallace Swan

1 0 7. Public Productivity Handbook: Second Edition, edited by Marc Holzer
108. Handbook of Developmental Policy Studies, edited by
Gedeon M. Mudacumura, Desta Mebratu and M. Shamsul Haque
109. Bioterrorism in Medical and Healthcare Administration, Laure Paquette
110 . International Public Policy and Management: Policy Learning Beyond
Regional, Cultural, and Political Boundaries, edited by David Levi-Faur
and Eran Vigoda-Gadot
111. Handbook of Public Information Systems, Second Edition, edited by
G. David Garson
11 2. Handbook of Public Sector Economics, edited by Donijo Robbins
11 3. Handbook of Public Administration and Policy in the European Union,
edited by M. Peter van der Hoek
114 . Nonproliferation Issues for Weapons of Mass Destruction,
Mark A. Prelas and Michael S. Peck
11 5. Common Ground, Common Future: Moral Agency in Public
Administration, Professions, and Citizenship, Charles Garofalo
and Dean Geuras
11 6. Handbook of Organization Theory and Management: The Philosophical
Approach, Second Edition, edited by Thomas D. Lynch
and Peter L. Cruise
11 7. International Development Governance, edited by
Ahmed Shafiqul Huque and Habib Zafarullah
11 8. Sustainable Development Policy and Administration, edited by

Gedeon M. Mudacumura, Desta Mebratu, and M. Shamsul Haque
119 . Public Financial Management, edited by Howard A. Frank
120. Handbook of Juvenile Justice: Theory and Practice, edited by
Barbara Sims and Pamela Preston
12 1. Emerging Infectious Diseases and the Threat to Occupational Health
in the U.S. and Canada, edited by William Charney
122. Handbook of Technology Management in Public Administration,
edited by David Greisler and Ronald J. Stupak
123. Handbook of Decision Making, edited by Göktu˘g Morçöl
124. Handbook of Public Administration, Third Edition, edited by Jack Rabin,
W. Bartley Hildreth, and Gerald J. Miller
125. Handbook of Public Policy Analysis, edited by Frank Fischer,
Gerald J. Miller, and Mara S. Sidney
126. Elements of Effective Governance: Measurement, Accountability
and Participation, edited by Kathe Callahan
1 2 7. American Public Service: Radical Reform and the Merit System,
edited by James S. Bowman and Jonathan P. West
128. Handbook of Transportation Policy and Administration, edited by
Jeremy Plant
129. The Art and Practice of Court Administration, Alexander B. Aikman
130. Handbook of Globalization, Governance, and Public Administration,
edited by Ali Farazmand and Jack Pinkowski
13 1. Handbook of Globalization and the Environment, edited by Khi V. Thai,
Dianne Rahm, and Jerrell D. Coggburn
132. Personnel Management in Government: Politics and Process,
Sixth Edition, Norma M. Riccucci and Katherine C. Naff
133. Handbook of Police Administration, edited by Jim Ruiz
and Don Hummer

134. Handbook of Research Methods in Public Administration,

Second Edition, edited by Kaifeng Yang and Gerald J. Miller
135. Social and Economic Control of Alcohol: The 21st Amendment in the
21st Century, edited by Carole L. Jurkiewicz and Murphy J. Painter
136. Government Public Relations: A Reader, edited by Mordecai Lee
1 3 7. Handbook of Military Administration, edited by Jeffrey A. Weber
and Johan Eliasson
138. Disaster Management Handbook, edited by Jack Pinkowski
139. Homeland Security Handbook, edited by Jack Pinkowski
140. Health Capital and Sustainable Socioeconomic Development, edited by
Patricia A. Cholewka and Mitra M. Motlagh
141. Handbook of Administrative Reform: An International Perspective,
edited by Jerri Killian and Niklas Eklund
142. Government Budget Forecasting: Theory and Practice, edited by
Jinping Sun and Thomas D. Lynch
143. Handbook of Long-Term Care Administration and Policy, edited by
Cynthia Massie Mara and Laura Katz Olson
144. Handbook of Employee Benefits and Administration, edited by
Christopher G. Reddick and Jerrell D. Coggburn
145. Business Improvement Districts: Research, Theories, and Controversies,
edited by Göktu ˘g Morçöl, Lorlene Hoyt, Jack W. Meek,
and Ulf Zimmermann
146. International Handbook of Public Procurement, edited by Khi V. Thai
1 4 7. State and Local Pension Fund Management, Jun Peng
148. Contracting for Services in State and Local Government Agencies,
William Sims Curry
149. Understanding Research Methods: A Guide for the Public and Nonprofit
Manager, Donijo Robbins
150. Labor Relations in the Public Sector, Fourth Edition, Richard Kearney
15 1. Performance-Based Management Systems: Effective Implementation
and Maintenance, Patria de Lancer Julnes

152. Handbook of Governmental Accounting, edited by Frederic B. Bogui
153. Bureaucracy and Administration, edited by Ali Farazmand
154. Science and Technology of Terrorism and Counterterrorism,
Second Edition, edited by Tushar K. Ghosh, Mark A. Prelas,
Dabir S. Viswanath, and Sudarshan K. Loyalka
155. Handbook of Public Information Systems, Third Edition, edited by
Christopher M. Shea and G. David Garson
156. Public Administration in East Asia: Mainland China, Japan, South Korea,
and Taiwan, edited by Evan M. Berman, M. Jae Moon, and Heungsuk Choi
1 5 7. Public Administration and Law: Third Edition, edited by
David H. Rosenbloom, Rosemary O'Leary, and Joshua Chanin
Available Electronically
PublicADMINISTRATIONnetBASE

Edited by
EVAN M. BERMAN
M. JAE MOON
HEUNGSUK CHOI
PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
IN EAST ASIA
MAINLAND CHINA, JAPAN,
SOUTH KOREA, AND TAIWAN
CRC Press is an imprint of the
Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
Boca Raton London New York

Cover images: Mainland China: Great Wall in China. Japan: Matsumoto Castle (ca. 1504) with cherry blos-
som. South Korea: Seoul Tower with traditional Korean roof painting. Taiwan: Taipei 101 building.
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xi
Contents
Acknowledgments xv
About the Authors xvii
Introduction: Comments on Purpose and Method xxv
1 Public Administration in East Asia: Common Roots, Ways,
and Tasks
1
Ev An B ERMAn
1SECTION MAINLAND CHINA
YIj IA j Ing , Co o Rd In ATo R
2 History and Context of Public Administration in
Mainland China 33
YIj IA j In g
3 Public Policy Processes and Public Participation in Mainland
China 55
Ru ICHAng L I An d Q IAn WEI ZHu
4 Intergovernmental Relations in Mainland China 75
g . ZHIYo ng L An An d g u o Qu An C HEn
5 Public Service Ethics and Anticorruption Efforts in
Mainland China 95
KE-Yo ng d o ng , Ho ng -SHAn Y Ang , An d X IAo Hu W An g
6 Performance Management Reforms in Mainland China 117
ZHIREn Z Ho u
7 Civil Service Reforms in Mainland China 145

MEng ZHo ng Z HAng An d W EI ZHo u

xii  ◾  Contents
8 E-government in Mainland China 165
KAIf Eng Y Ang An d X IAo LIn X u
2SECTION JAPAN
KEng o A KIZu KI An d M ASAo K IKu CHI, Co o Rd In ATo RS
9 History and Context of Public Administration in japan 195
KEng o A KIZu KI
10 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in japan 213
MASAo K IKu CHI
11 Intergovernmental Relations in japan 233
KEIICHI Mu To
12 Public Service Ethics and Corruption in japan 251
KAMIKo A KIo
13 Performance Management Reforms in japan 273
MASAo K IKu CHI
14 Civil Service Reform in japan 291
YASu Yu KI IMAn AKA
15 E-government in japan 305
KAZu HIRo A SAn o
3SECTION SOUTH KOREA
M. j AE Mo o n , Co o Rd In ATo R
16 History and Context of Public Administration in South Korea 329
SEu ng -Yo ng R Ho An d S Eu ng jo ng L EE
17 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in South Korea 355
T. j. LAH
18 Intergovernmental Relations in Korea: f rom d ependency to
Interdependency 377
CHu ng -LAE CHo , j u n H Yu n H o ng , An d d EIL S. WRIg HT

19 Public Service Ethics and Anticorruption Efforts in South Korea 401
SAM Yo u L LEE An d K WAng Ho j u n g
20 Performance Management Reforms in South Korea 427
CHAng K IL LEE An d M . jAE Mo o n

Contents  ◾  xiii
21 e Civil Service System in the Republic of Korea 451
PAn S u K KIM
22 E-government in South Korea 473
HEu ng Su K CHo I
4SECTION TAIWAN
CHu ng -Yu Ang jAn , Co o Rd In ATo R
23 History and Context of Public Administration in Taiwan 497
CHu ng -Yu Ang jAn
24 Public Policy Processes and Citizen Participation in Taiwan 517
To ng -YI Hu Ang An d W En LIng T u
25 Intergovernmental Relations in Taiwan 533
d o n -Yu n C HEn An d Y u E-CHAng L u E
26 Public Service Ethics and Corruption in Taiwan 563
CHu n -MIng C HEn An d W En -jo ng j u An g
27 Performance Management Reforms in Taiwan 591
CHAo MEng j. Hu Ang An d L u ng -TEng H u
28 Civil Service Reforms in Taiwan 609
TSAI-TSu S u
29 E-government in Taiwan 627
j Ing S HIAng , n AIYI HSIAo , An d j In L o
Index 649


xv

Acknowledgments
A book like this is possible only through the sincerest dedication of the authors and
others who believe in its purpose. For authors, their reward has been the chance
to tell their part of the story of public administration in East Asia. e editors,
coordinators, and production staff have had the honor of helping them do so. As
editors, we especially want to acknowledge the work of the area coordinators of this
book: Yijia Jing, Chung-Yuan Jan, Kengo Akizuki, Masao Kikuchi, and Jae Moon
(who also doubled as an editor). Without their support, this project could not have
succeeded as it has; they are its unsung heroes.
In particular, we want to thank a few people whose names would otherwise
not be mentioned in this book: Maura May (Taylor & Francis), Moon Suk Ahn
and Jennifer Kim (Korea University), Jai-Ok Shim (Korea Fulbright Association),
President Se-Hwa Wu (National Chengchi University), Tony Lai (IDAS program
director), Chan-Gon Kim (Seoul city government), Sybil Chen and Paloma Ho
(NCCU), Matt Rankin (ASPA), Yan-yi Chang (doctoral candidate), Jay Shih
(NCCU), Chun-Yuan Wang, and Akira Nakamura (Meiji University). Dr. Jan also
thanks President Kuan Chung, Vice President Wu Jin-lin, and Secretary-General
Lin Shui-ji (all of the Examination Yuan) for sharing their valuable experiences and
knowledge of Taiwanese public administration.
In addition, some people have passed away since the beginning of this project,
and we remember them at this time. Ray O’Connell (senior editor) and Professor Jack
Rabin (editor-in-chief) encouraged and supported this work through Taylor & Francis.
Professor Deil Wright (University of North Carolina) was a leading scholar in the area
of intergovernmental relations who had a special relationship with South Korea and
Japan. We are sure that they are all smiling upon us now as they see this work come to
fruition. Beyond this, an untold number of people made it possible for us to work on
this book though their support. is includes colleagues, former teachers, and spouses
Dira Berman and Jiajing Ni, who have helped us beyond words. We deeply appreciate
the support and contributions of all. We are a community and a global one at that.
Evan M. Berman, M. jae Moon, and

Huengsuk Choi, Editors


xvii
About the Authors
Kamiko Akio is a professor and vice dean of the College of Policy Science of
Ritsumeikan University, Japan. Prior to his current position, he was a professor
in the faculty of law of Kyoto University and then vice president of the Local
Autonomy College, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications.
Kengo Akizuki is a professor of public administration in the Graduate School of
Law and School of Government at Kyoto University, Japan. He has coauthored e
Japanese Civil Service and Economic Development (Oxford University Press, 1995)
and Local Government Development in Post-War Japan (Oxford University Press,
2001). He was a fellow at Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars in
1997 and World Bank consultant in 2001 and 2002.
Kazuhiro Asano is a professor of political science in the faculty of law at Sapporo
University, Japan. He was a research fellow at the Institute of Administrative
Management. He has authored a number of books on topics including United
States–Japan summit talks after World War II, Japanese politics, and local gover-
nance. He was a visiting research fellow at Boston University in 2008.
Evan M. Berman is university chair professor at the National Chengchi University
(Taipei, Taiwan) Doctoral Program in Asia-Pacific Studies, and the Department
of Public Administration. He is also the editor-in-chief of the American Society
for Public Administration’s (ASPA) book series in public administration and public
policy (Taylor & Francis) and senior editor of Public Performance & Management
Review. His areas of interest are public administration performance, human rela-
tions and motivation, and emerging forms of governance. He has published numer-
ous books and articles in the discipline. He is also editor-in-chief of the third
edition of the Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy (2007). Before
joining NCCU, he was the Huey McElveen Distinguished Professor at Louisiana

State University, past recipient of a Distinguished Fulbright Scholarship at Yonsei
University (Seoul, South Korea), and taught at the University of Central Florida
(Orlando) and the University of Miami. He was raised in the Netherlands.

xviii  ◾  About the Authors
Chun-Ming Chen is an associate professor in the Department of Public Policy
and Management at Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. He received his PhD
from the State University of New York at Buffalo. His interests are in the areas
of bureaucrats and democratic administration, civil–military relations, and pub-
lic opinion and polling. He has authored or coauthored papers published in the
National Taiwan Police College Bulletin and Crime, Law and Social Change.
d on-Yun Chen is an associate professor in the Department of Public Administration
at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. He received his PhD from the
University of Rochester, New York. His interests are in the areas of political econ-
omy, democratic administration, and policy analysis. He has authored or coau-
thored papers in Issues & Studies, International Journal of Public Administration,
and Public Administration and Development.
g uoquan Chen is a professor of public administration in the School of Public
Administration, Zhejiang University, China. He also serves as a board member
of the Standing Committee of Chinese Public Administration, vice chairman of
the China County-Level Public Administration Association, and board member of
China’s National Supervisory Committee. He has published books such as Social
Transformation and Limited Government and eory on Political Supervision. He has
also published many journal articles.
Chung-Lae Cho is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration
at Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea. His research and teaching interests
include intergovernmental relations, local governance, applied statistics, and research
methods. He has published articles in Public Administration Review, Journal of Public
Administration Research and eory, Publius, and other journals.
Heungsuk Choi is a professor in the Department of Public Administration and

the director of the Office of International Affairs at Korea University, Seoul, South
Korea. He received his MA from Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, and
earned his doctoral degree from the Maxwell School of Syracuse University, New
York. His major teaching and research areas are e-government, public manage-
ment, local government, and regional innovation systems.
Ke-yong d ong is a professor and dean in the School of Public Administration at
Renmin University, China. His research interests are in human resource manage-
ment, social security management, and public management. He has authored or
coauthored approximately 50 scholarly articles and eight books related to issues in
these areas.
j un Hyun Hong is an associate professor of the Department of Public Administra-
tion and associate dean of the graduate school at Chung-Ang University, Seoul,

About the Authors  ◾  xix
South Korea. He has authored or coauthored approximately 30 scholarly articles
related to local autonomy and urban and regional analysis, especially in relation to
regional disparity and city–county consolidation in Korea.
n aiyi Hsiao is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration
at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas
of public management information systems, electronic governance, judgment and
decision making, and policy analysis and simulation. He has authored or coau-
thored papers published in the Government Information Quarterly, International
Journal of Public Administration, and Public Administration and Development.
Lung-Teng Hu is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Policy and
Management at Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas
of knowledge management in the public sector, e-government and e-governance,
and government performance measurement and management. He received his PhD
in public administration from Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey. He
has authored or coauthored papers in Public Performance & Management Review
and Crime, Law and Social Change.

Chaomeng j. Huang is a professor in the Department of Public Administration
and Policy at National Taipei University, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas
of electronic government, public information management, strategic planning
and management, and human resource management. He received a dissertation
award from the Askew School of Public Administration and Policy at Florida State
University, Tallahassee. He has authored or coauthored papers in the Chinese Public
Administration Review, Government Information Quarterly, and Proceedings of the
36th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Tong-yi Huang is an associate professor in the Department of Public Administra-
tion at National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas
of political sciences, public policy, public opinion surveys, and comparative pol-
itics. He has authored or coauthored papers in the American Journal of Chinese
Studies, International Journal of Public Administration, Journal of Democracy, Issues
& Studies, and Public Administration and Development.
Yasuyuki Imanaka is a professor at the Graduate School of Government at Kyoto
University, Japan. As a career official, he has held various managerial positions in
both central and local government. He is former director general of the Equity and
Investigation Bureau at the National Personnel Authority.
Chung-yuang jan is a professor in the Department of Public Administration at
National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan, and its former chairperson. His
interests are in the areas of policy analysis, the administrative system in Communist

xx  ◾  About the Authors
China, public information management systems, and crisis management. He is cur-
rently serving as a member (ministerial level) of the Examination Yuan of Taiwan.
He received his PhD from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He has pub-
lished approximately 40 scholarly articles and eight books and has presented papers
at a variety of conferences.
Yijia jing is an associate professor and assistant dean of the School of International
Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai. He researches privati-

zation, governance, collaborative service delivery, and comparative public admin-
istration. He has special interest in collaborative service delivery in transitional
countries and is the director of the Center for Collaborative Governance Research.
His recent articles have been published in Public Administration and Development
and Public Administration Review.
Wen-jong juang is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Policy and
Management at Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. His interests are in the
areas of policy analysis, research methods, and public opinion and polling. He
received his PhD in public administration from National Chengchi University,
Taipei, Taiwan. He has been a visiting scholar at Duke University, Durham, North
Carolina, since 2008. He has authored or coauthored approximately 12 scholarly
articles and has presented papers at a variety of international conferences.
Kwangho jung is an associate professor in the Graduate School of Public
Administra tion at Seoul National University, Republic of Korea. He has authored
or coauthored more than 30 academic articles and published five books on minis-
terial leadership and policy instruments in East Asia.
Masao Kikuchi is an assistant professor of public policy and management in the
Department of Public Management, School of Business Administration at Meiji
University in Tokyo. Prior to his current position, he was research fellow at the
Institute of Administrative Management and research associate at the Research
Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry. He is a member of the Research Advisory
Council on Market Testing in Local Government in the Cabinet Office. He holds a
PhD in political science from Meiji University, Japan.
Pan Suk Kim is a professor of public administration in the College of Government
and Business and director of the Institute for Regional Studies and Development
at Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. He has been secretary to the president
for personnel policy in the Korean government and a Fulbright Visiting Scholar at
Georgetown University. He is currently a member of the United Nations Committee
of Experts on Public Administration (UN/CEPA) and deputy editor of the
International Review of Administrative Sciences (IRAS). He received the international

public administration award from the American Society for Public Administration

About the Authors  ◾  xxi
(ASPA) in 2009 and the Pierre De Celles Award from the International Association
of Schools and Institutes of Administration (IASIA) in 2008.
T. j. Lah is an associate professor in the Public Administration Department at
Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. He has published in the fields of public
management and environmental policy. His most recent publications have appeared
in journals such as Review of Public Personnel Administration, International Review
of Administrative Sciences, and International Review of Public Administration. He
is the chair of the Special Committee for Korean Public Policy Studies of the
Korean Association for Policy Studies and has been advising various governmental
departments and agencies, including the Office of the Prime Minister, Ministry of
Government Administration and Home Affairs, and Ministry of Environment.
g . Zhiyong Lan is a professor of public administration in the School of Public
Affairs, Arizona State University. He also serves as a professor and associate dean
for the School of Public Administration in Renmin University, China. He has pub-
lished in major U.S. and Chinese public administration journals, such as Public
Administration Review, Journal of Public Administration: eory and Research,
Administration and Society, American Journal of Public Administration, American
Public Administration Quarterly, Chinese Public Administration, Asian Journal of
Public Administration, and a few other specialized journals. He is also author or
editor of several books, including Bureaucracy and Modern Society, American Local
Government, and Public Policy in Action in the United States. His current research
interests include urban governance and policy, the digital city, central–local gov-
ernment relations, and public administration theory.
Chang Kil Lee is an associate professor and director of the Department of Public
Administration at Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea. He received his PhD
degree in organizational behavior from Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. He
spent over 10 years in Korean government, where he was director of OECD Asian

Center for Public Governance in Seoul. His research interests are organizational
innovation, performance management, and interorganizational networks.
Sam Youl Lee is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Administration
at Yonsei University in Seoul, Republic of Korea. He has authored or coauthored
several academic articles and is currently working on comparative technology policy
in East Asia. He received his PhD from H. John Heinz III School of Public Policy
and Management, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Seung jong Lee is a professor at the Graduate School of Public Administration of
the Seoul National University. He earned his PhD degree in political science from
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. He has taught at the Korea University
(2004–2006) and the Sungkyunkwan University. Before starting his academic
career, he served as a public official at the Board of Education of Kyunggi Province.

xxii  ◾  About the Authors
His research interests include local government, citizen participation, and politi-
cal education. He was previously editor-in-chief for the Journal of Korean Public
Administration, Korean Policy Studies, and local Autonomy Studies.
Ruichang Li is an associate professor in the Department of Public Administration,
School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai.
He specializes in emergency management, public and social policy analysis, and
civil service institutions.
jin Lo is a doctoral student in the Department of Public Administration at National
Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas of electronic
government and deliberative democracy.
Yue-Chang Lue is a professor in the Department of Public Administration and
Policy at National Taipei University, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas of local
government, personnel administration, and public administration. He received his
PhD in public administration from National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
He has published approximately 40 scholarly articles and eight books and has pre-
sented papers at a variety of conferences.

M. jae Moon is a professor of public administration at Yonsei University, Seoul,
South Korea. He earned his BA from Yonsei University; his MA from the Graduate
Institute of Peace Studies, Seoul; his MPA from the University of Texas at Austin;
and his PhD in public administration from Syracuse University, New York. His
research interests include public management, information technology and envi-
ronmental policy, and comparative public administration. Before joining Yonsei
University, he taught at the Graduate School of Public Affairs in the University of
Colorado at Denver (1998–2002), George Bush School of Government and Public
Service at Texas A&M University (2002–2004), and the Department of Public
Administration in Korea University, Seoul. His research has recently appeared in
major public administration and policy journals. He is currently editor-in-chief of
the International Journal of Public Administration.
Keiichi Muto is a senior research fellow at the Institute of Administrative
Management in Tokyo. e institute is the nation’s core research institution in the
public administration field. He has initiated and been involved in various research
projects on administrative management since 2001. He also has authored scholarly
articles related to administrative reform of central and local government and rela-
tionships between politicians and bureaucrats.
Seung-Yong Rho i s a n a s s i s t a nt pr o f e s s o r i n t h e D e pa r t m e n t of P u bl i c A d m i n i s t r a t i o n
at Seoul Women’s University. He holds a PhD in public administration from Rutgers
University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and received his MPA from the University

About the Authors  ◾  xxiii
of Southern California, Los Angeles. He has authored or coauthored approximately
20 scholarly articles and five books related to research-based governance, public man-
agement and information technologies, and digital governance, especially in relation
to trust in government and digital interaction between citizens and government.
jing Shiang is a professor and chairperson in the Department of Public Management
and Policy at Tunghai University, Taichung, Taiwan. His interests are in the areas
of public policy, digital governance, and public policy analysis. He received the

dissertation award from the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and
Administration (NASPAA) in 1995. He was published in the Proceedings of 4th
International Conference on E-government.
Tsai-Tsu Su is a professor and chairperson in the Department of Political Science
at National Taiwan University, Taipei. She received her PhD from the Carnegie
Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Her interests are in the areas of public
budgeting, public administration, and public policy analysis. She has published
approximately 40 scholarly articles and has presented papers at a variety of interna-
tional conferences.
Wenling Tu is an assistant professor in the Department of Public Policy and
Manage ment at Shih Hsin University, Taipei, Taiwan. Her interests are in the
areas of environmental policy and planning, public participation, globalization,
and regional development. She received her PhD from the University of California
at Berkeley. She has authored or coauthored papers in the Proceedings of the 2008
IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment, Development and
Change, and the International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development.
XiaoHu Wang is a professor of public administration at the University of Central
Florida, Orlando. He has published research articles in the areas of public performance
management and public financial management. He is the author of Performance
Analysis for Public and Nonprofit Organizations ( Jones and Bartlett, 2009) and Financial
Management in the Public Sector: Tools, Applications, and Cases (M. E. Sharpe, 2006).
d eil S. Wright was an alumni distinguished professor emeritus of political science and
public administration at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He authored
and coauthored numerous articles and books in the public administration field and
his text, Understanding Intergovernmental Relations (in three editions), helped to define
the field in the 1970s and 1980s. He received numerous recognitions, including the
Mosher, Waldo, and Rita Mae Kelly awards, and had been a member of the National
Academy of Public Administration since 1975. Deil passed away on June 30, 2009.
Xiaolin Xu is a professor and dean of the School of Public Administration and
Policy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China. He is a member

xxiv  ◾  About the Authors
of the National Committee on MPA Education and of the Public Management
Education Committee of the Ministry of Education. He is the vice chair of the
Political Science Association of Hubei Province and of the Public Administration
Association of Hubei Province. He researches theories of public administration
and e-government.
Hong-shan Yang is an associate professor in the School of Public Administration
at Renmin University, China. He received his PhD from Peking University in
2002. He focuses on administration reform, public service delivery, and urban
governance. He is the author of Municipal Management (second edition, 2009),
e Study of Intergovernmental Relations (2005), and Economic Globalization and
Political Development (2003).
Kaifeng Yang is an associate professor and director of the Masters of Public
Administration Program in the Askew School of Public Administration and
Policy at Florida State University, Tallahassee. He is the managing editor of Public
Performance & Management Review and an editor for the book series on interna-
tional civic engagement produced by Information Age Publishing. He has widely
published in major public administration journals on issues including public man-
agement and civic engagement.
Mengzhong Zhang is a research professor and director of the Executive Master of
Public Management Program for China in the School of Public Policy, University
of Maryland at College Park. He has authored or coauthored approximately 50 arti-
cles and edited or coedited five books. His research interests are in the areas of
comparative administrative reforms, fiscal and budgeting reforms, and intellectual
history of public administration.
Wei Zhou is a doctoral student and director of Dongguan Social Research Center
at City College of Dongguan University of Technology, China. He has authored or
coauthored approximately 30 scholarly articles and five books related to research-
based crisis management and nongovernmental organization research, especially

in relation to economic development, environmental issues, and social issues of the
city of Dongguan.
Zhiren Zhou is a professor of the School of Government, Peking University. He
researches comparative public administration, government reform and innovation,
public sector performance management, and methodology in public administration.
Qianwei Zhu is a professor and chair of the Department of Public Administration,
School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai.
He has authored and coauthored approximately 40 scholarly articles and five books;
some of them have been related to the decision making of the Chinese government.