Báo cáo khoa học:văn học mạng Trung Quốc pdf

^. ;•,''-•!'
NGHgTHUATBONPHIinNn
VAN
HCC /HANG TCUNG
CLC'C
GIANG LINH
H
idn gid, VHM
dang la mpt dd tai
ndng bdng dupe
nhidu dpc gia Viet Nam quan
tam.
Ddng VHM
ciia
Viet
Nam ed sy phit tridn ty than,
nhd vio the he tre 8X, 9X
ham thich van hpc va co didu
kien diing internet. Ben
ciinh
dd,
eung phai kd de'n tie nhan
nude ngoii, la VHM
ciia
nude
ban Trung Qud'c.
Tic phim VHM Trung
QuPc diu tien den vdi ban dpc
Viet Nam ed le phai ke de'n
Ldn ddu thdn mat (ban dich
eiia

Nguydn Xuan Nhat) phd
cap rpng rai tren eic trang web
ldn nhd, va gin day la Xin ldi,
em chi
Id
con dl (Trang Ha
djch).
Cd
le
do didu kien xa
hpi khdng
chenh lech
nhidu,
cich tu duy chau A gin gui,
nhung tie phim
eiia
Trung
Qude tim dupe nhidu ddng
dieu d Viet Nam chiing ta.
Trai qua ban
10
nam phit
tridn, VHM Trung Qud'c la
mpt hue tranh tdng thd nhidu
mau sic. Cho ddn nay, nd da
cd sy bude phat tridn ty than,
vimg chic, dd ddn bay gid nd
dupe thira nhan nhu mpt dong
van hpc Idn manh, cd Hipp hpi
van hpc mang tidng Hoa

(www.cnlu.net),
Hiep hpi van
hpc mang Trung Qude
(www.ilf.en), Hpi bien tap van
hpc mang
(www.bianji.com).
Van hoc mang (VHM)
la
van
hoc
siil
dung mang internet iam
phuong tien truyen
tai. Moi
ngudi
deu
binh ddng tren
internet,
va
VHiVI
cung
vay, ai
cung
cd
quyen
trd
thanh
tac
gia,
va moi

ngudi
deu la doc
gia.
Cac tac gia
ngdi d
nha
go iach
each
va
i(iem i(ha
Mii
tien, ddng thdi
dpc
phan
hdi cua ddc
gia
timg phiit tirng
gid.
Ngudi
doc cd
quyen
keu
goi:
Hay
update
(cap
nhat)
chuong
sau!
tham

chi
nhieu
nhan
vat da
chet duoc
ddc gia
yeu
cau cho hdi
sinh. Cach
sdng
tac vd
thudng thuc
deu
thay
ddi rat
nhieu
so vdi van
hoc truyen thdng.
cd Tuin
Id
van hoc
miing
thudng nien va Giai van hpc
miing thudng nien New
Threads trj gia 1,000 USD
(http://xys,freedns,us/pages3/
psi6.html)
do cae nha van ldn
va dpc gia miing binh chpn
Ben Ciinh sy ldn manh

khdng ngtmg
ciia
dpi ngu tie
gia ty phit, VHM cung dupe
cic bac cha
chii
quan tam vi
hudng dao. Nhd the,
miich
van
hpc nay ngay cing cd nhidu tie
phim hay va
phii
hpp vdi tudi
tre.
Didm Iai qui trinh phat
tridn
ciia
VHM Trung Qud'c ed
thd kd ddn nhiing md'c sau.
Trude nam
1996,
internet
la
mdt thir xa xi rit it ngudi
biet den d Trung Qud'c. Thdi
ky dd hidm ngudi len mang,
va ciing khdng may ai ngoi go
bai
viet len trang web. (Thi cd

mpt so bai it di duoc dua len
cac didn dan (forum) va dupe
mpi ngudi hoan nghenh, va cd
the coi dd
lii
tien than
ciia
tiic
phim van hpc
miing
sau nay.
Khdi ngudn
eiia
VHM
biit
dau tu Ciic luu hoc
sinh nude
ngoiii vd
viio
khoang nam
1995-1996.
Thii linh
phong
triio lii Biit dai gia
ACTT Fiing
Zhouzi,
San Yisheng. Tide
lii
den gid hiu nhu khdng cdn
dau tich van hpc gi

eiia
cac
"dai van hiio" ay nua, ciic
trang web van hpc mang dau
lien
Ganlanshu (www.glan-
shu.en),
Xinyusi
(vvww.xys.dxiong.com)
eQng
da thay ddi nhieu, khdng
cdn
hoi
thd ngay dd.
Ngudi Trung Qud'c chi cdn
ddi chiit an tupng vd tiie phim
VHM diu tien dupe du luan
cdng nhan la Nd
lice
vd hda
binh
ciia
nhi van Shaojun
sdng d My, ra ddi thing 4-
1991,
va mpt vai tac gia khae
vdi gipng van
hai
hudc, eham
bidm, tri thire sau rpng vi

ndi
lye sau sic. Day cung la dinh
hudng ngdn ngu cho VHM ve
sau.
Tir
nam 1997 trd di
la
thdi
ky phit tridn internet, gia truy
cap din din ha xudng mire eac
So
307
Thang 1-2010
VAN
H6A
NGH£
THUAT
mrbfc
MCOAI
biin
tre chip nhan dupe, va the
la
d
thanh
phd Idn,
nhung
quan internet
mpc
len
nhu

nim sau mua.
Sang sdm ngay
2-11-1997,
dpi bong
da
nam Trung Qud'c
thua Quata trong vdng loai
World
Cup,
so
phan Trung
Qud'c ngan
can
treo
spi toe.
Mr. Rong dang
tai
bai
binh
luan Ngdy 31-10
Dai
Lien
Kim Chdu khdng
nude
mdt
tren trang
web
Sitonglifang
(tien than
Sina.com.cn

sau
nay).
Bai viet
rat
ngin, gipng
van binh than, chit ehua
ndi
thit vpng
ciia
ngudi Trung
Qude
doi vdi
bong
da
nude
nha. Ching bao lau sau, chinh
xic
la
48
tie'ng sau,
bai
vie't
nay dupe dang
lai
tren khip
cac trang
web
khae,
sP
lupt

xem
len
den
ban
20.000
lin.
Ngiiy
14-11,
td
biio
the
thiio
Phifcriig
Nam
cudi tudn tiii
dang tai toiin bp npi dung bai
viet
va
md
ra
cupc thao luan
xoay quanh
chii
de
nay.
Sau
khi dupe diing tren
bio
giiy,
bii vidt cang dupe hudng ung

miinh liet
hon
tren ciic didn
dan internet.
Day
lii
lin diu
tien, van viet tren mang dupe
cae
bio
in
truydn thdng
sir
dung
va
tao
hieu
qua
manh
trong dpc gia.
Nam 1998,
bp ba xe
phio
ma Ning Caishen.
Ly
Xunhuan. Xing Yusen ndi bat
tren van dan mang. Bing van
phong
nhe
nhang,

hii
hudc,
eham bidm,
hp
khuiy dpng
phong trio vie't van tren mang
va
tao
nen
phong each
hai
hudc
tre
trung
cua
VHM.
Ning Caishen chinh
la tie
gia
kich ban Vd
Idm
ngoai truyen
vui nhpn
an
khiich hien
gid,
cdn
Ly
Xunhuan
gid la

CEO
(giam ddc)
ciia
trang web van
hpc mang
ldn
nhit Trung
Qude Rongshuxia.
Nam 1997-1998
la
diem
md'c quan trpng
eiia
van hpc
mang,
diinh
diu bdi Dai
dudng song long truyen
(Huangyi)
vii
Tinh chien anh
hiing (Moren).
Hai tic
phim
tren trpn
lin
hda
quyen
eac
trieu

diii
lich
sir, cac ye'u
to
khoa hpc vidn tudng,,. tiio nen
thanh cdng
rye rd.
Liic
nay,
internet dang phat trien
eye
thinh, cdng
ty
cung
cip
dich
vu mang tang khdng mpt
vai
gid online midn phi cho
khach.
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Trang web cua Hiep hpi vdn hpc mqng tieng Hoa
••
•
—•
thanh ra cie trang web ca nhin
mpc
len
nhu nim.
Vi
Dai
dudng song long truyen dinh
ky xuat ban d Hdng Kdng timg
thing,
nen dpc
tren mang
la
cich nhanh nhit, tien nhit.
Sean - upload - dpc online, quy
trinh
eye
ky
nhanh
gpn,
va
mac

dii
khdng dupe phap luat
thira nhan nhung
"quy
trinh
sieu nhanh" niy qui
la
cd tic
dung giiip
dd
truydn
bi
van
hpc mang. Nhung kho van hpc
mang
ndi
tie'ng nhat thdi
ky
nay
ed
Huangjin Shuwu,
Shulu,
Wohuju
Den
nam
1999,
cd thd
thanh nien thdi didm
iy
khdng

bidt
vd
Luat giio due, khdng
bidt ve Phip luan edng, nhung
neu
ban
khdng hidu "ndu
cd
nhidu tidn tdi se tau nhi liu, tdi
ed tidn chang, khdng hd ed, bdi
vay nen tdi vin khdng nha cira
chi!"
thi that la lac hau. Vi khi
dd,
Ldn ddu ben
nhau
eiia
Tsai Zhiheng (Thai Tri Hing)
dang ndi dinh dam tren mang.
Tinh
yeu dep
vi
lang man lam
xiie
dpng
bao
nhieu trai
tim
dpc
gia,

hang tram nghin
ngudi ngiy dem ddi theo dien
bien
cau
ehuyen, khde
khi
nhan vat chinh khdc, cudi khi
hp vui Sau khi cdng
bd
toan
bp tic phim tren trang web
Cii
nhan, do cu dan mang qua ham
mp
va
nhiet thinh
dd
nghj,
Thii
Tri
Hing lien
ban ban
quydn,
vi
Ldn ddu ben nhau
ra mit ban dpc dudi hinh thire
giiy tring mye den. Thing
II-
1999,
sich dupe

in
200.000
ban ngay
tu
lin
in
thu nhit tai
Dai Loan,
va
sau
dd
lien
tidp
tai
ban
rit
nhidu
lin, Chi
1
m
So
307
Thang
1-2010
NGHg
THUAT B6N
PHuam
nam sau, cudn sach da dupe tii
ban ddn
lin

thir
10.
Lupng tieu
thu d Trung Qud'c diii
lue len
de'n vai trieu ban, ehua kd cic
ban in
lau
nhidu gip miy
lin
chimg dd. Gin day, tie phim
niy cdn dupe cai bien thanh
truyen tranh, phim truydn
hinh, kjeh ndi Phai ndi ring,
Ldn ddu ben nhau la dinh cao
ciia
VHM Trung Hoa thdi so
khai, md ra ky nguyen VHM
bit tay vdi hinh thuc xuit ban
truyen thdng.
Tir nam 2000 de'n nay,
internet thyc sy da phd cap
hoin toin d dai luc, cang ngay
cing nhidu ngudi vidt va dpc
van mang. Ddng thdi, cdng ty
djch vu mang chim diit thdi
ky phi gia, khdng cdn thdi
doiin
midn phi hing ngiy. Vi
the cic trang web ci nhan nho

le din din bj mit, sip nhap
vao mpt, nhudng chd eho eac
trang web Idn dd sp, dem lai
hieu qua kinh doanh van hpc
nhu Huanjianshumeng,
Longdetiankong,
Trai qua nhidu trie trd,
trang web van hpc tim ra
phuang thire thanh toan thu
phi hpp ly, bing each tao
phong dpc VIP danh eho
khich hang tra tidn,
Tidp
theo thanh edng eua
Ldn ddu ben nhau, VHM va
van hpc truydn thdng Iai "giao
duyen" vdi Tam biet Vi An
(Anni Bao Bdi, 2000), Ngp
Khong truyen (Jin Hezai -
Kim Ha Tai,
2001),
Thdnh Do
hay quen toi dem nay
(Murong Xueeun - Mp Dung
Tiiydt
Thdn, 2002), Nhat ky
Sa Tdng (Lin Changzhi - Lam
Trudng Trj),,, Cudn nao cung
bin rit chay, tii ban nhidu lin
va "dinh eu" tren danh sich

best seller nhidu ngay. VHM
da that sy cim rd vao thj
trudng. Lupng ngudi dpc
VHM tang
len,
phan ting
thinh
Idp
dpc gia ldn tudi ban
hudng vao tieu thuye't, tan van
giau tinh van hpc, cdn
Idp
dpc
gia thanh thidu nien tap trung
vao eac tac phim hot, tien
phong. VHM phat trien ddi
dao ve so lupng va nang cao
bin vd chat lupng.
Ben canh do, nhd dong gdp
eua game online (tro ehai dien
tir tryc tuyen), nam 2004-2005
la thdi ky quang ba du dpi
eiia
eic edng ty game online, va
hang loat tieu thuye't mang
chuyen thd tu game ra ddi.
The loai "cung dinh" nay dupe
hau thuin bdi tai lye hiing hau
eiia
cac edng ty game, muc

dich sing tic rd rang, dupe
tuyen truydn quang ba tot nen
dem lai hieu irng kha eao.
Sau thanh edng vang dpi
ciia
Harry Potter, ddng truyen
ky ao (fantasy) len ngdi d
Trung Qud'c, va liy internet
lam phuang tien truyen tai
chii
ydu. Thdi ky niy cung xuit
hien nhidu tie phim
ciia
cac
tie gia the he 8X, nhu Ndm
thdng tuoi dep
ciia
Sunrui
(Tdn Nhue), Tdt nghiep ra
that tinh eua He Yuanwai (Hi
Vien Ngoai), Vuong qude do
ciia
Quich Kinh Minh Cho
ddn nay, cd it nhit 9 thd loai
VHM phd bidn d Trung Qud'c.
Dd
la
truyen ky io, vd hiep ky
ao,
truyen sinh hoat thudng

nhat, truyen tinh cam, Ijch
sir.
vd hiep, didm tinh, khoa hpc
va quan sy, Mdi thd loai ddu
ed cic tie gia ndi bat va tac
phim thanh edng, ca ve chit
lupng van chuong, sy cudn hut
ban dpc ca tren mang lin khi
ra sach in,
Dd tam ket thue bai diem
qua ve lich sir VHM Trung
Qud'c nay, xin trich ldi
ciia
nha
van, trp ly giao su Dai hpc
Thanh Cdng Dai Loan Thai Tri
Hing, ngudi dupe menh danh
la hoang tir van hpc mang, tiic
gia cudn sach Ldn ddu ben
nhau (Nxb Kim Ddng, thang
10-2008) trong tam sy vdi
rieng ban dpc Viet Nam: "Tdi
viet truyen rat ty nhien. Co
nhidu ban tren internet hdi: Tdi
mudn vie't, nhung khdng biet
lam sao vie't ndi? Kinh nghiem
ciia
tdi danh cho
ciie biin
iy la,

neu
biin
that sy rit mudn vie't,
nhung ddng chu se ty chay ra
tren ban phim. Nhd vie't Ldn
ddu va kien tri theo dudi
dong VHM ve tinh cam nhe
nhang lang man, tdi quen dupe
nhieu ban be d khip cac nude,
bay gid la cae ban Viet Nam.
Va tdi eung giri gim mpt so
kidn thuc chuyen mdn
ciia
tdi
vio van. Hien gid, tdi co nhieu
viec d trudng
dai
hpc, nhung
hiu nhu ngay nio tdi ciing
tranh
thii
vidt mpt chiit it. Cam
giic giai phPng eon chu trong
ngudi len miy tinh that la
tuyet, hy vpng cac ban dimg
qua dat nang dinh gia
eiia
ngudi khae ma bj ap
lye.
Vidt

van la mpt hanh
phiic!""
G.L
Tdng hap
lir
tu
lifeu lie'ng
Trung
ciia
Nxb Kim D6ng.
ThSng
1-2010
S6 307(3