Computer Intergrated Manufacturing Report

HANOI UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
SCHOOL OF ECONOMICS AND MANAGEMENT
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REPORT
COMPUTER INTERGRATED MANUFATURING –
GROUP 1
Lecturer : Dr. Do Tien Minh

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STUDENT’S NAME
Nguyễn Linh Chi
Lê Duy Anh
Lê Văn Ba
Nguyễn Xuân Bách
Vũ Ngọc Minh Châu
Nguyễn Văn Chiến
Nguyễn Thị Hồng Gấm

STUDENT’S ID

CLASS

COURSE

20198007
20198002
20198004
20198005
20198006
20198008
20198011

EM-NU
EM-NU
EM-NU
EM-NU
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EM-NU
EM-NU

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HANOI, July 2022

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Before embarking on/ culminating in exploring the topic of a Computer Intergrated
Manufacturing System essay, We would like to express our sincere thanks to the
lecturer of the CIM Course Mr.Do Tien Minh. During the research process, he
spent hisprecious time answering all questions as well as caring and assisting mein
a very wholehearted way so thatie can acquire valuable knowledge, take
approaches to the topicquickly and accurately. Therefore, thanks to the knowledge
that he imparted to methese sources, he was able to search and use the right
references selectively to support the completion of the topic on hisschedule.
In the process of finding/ researching this topic, ihave tried to complete it well, but
perhaps due to limited knowledge as well as other objective factors, myarising
problems can be inevitable. We are expecting the feedback, and further instructions
of teachers and readers so that ican draw on experience and solve them in the next
topics.
Best regards!


TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF FIGURES


PART 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROUND
1.1 CIM concepts
CIM = C + I + M = Automation + Information
M = Manufacturing System:
• System: A system is a group of interacting or interrelated elements that act
according to a set of rules to form a unified whole.
• Manufacturing: The process of converting raw materials, components or parts into
finished goods that meet a customer’s expectations or specification

I = Integrated:
CIM integration includes:
• Physical integration
o Inter system communication/network
o Data exchange - rules
o Physical system integration
• Business integration
o Knowledge-based Decision Support
o Business Control
o Automated Business Processing
o Production and Process Simulation
C = Computer:
• is an electronic machine that calculates data very quickly, used for storing, writing,
organizing, and sharing information electronically or for controlling others
Definition of Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM)


•

CIM refers to the technology, tool or method used to improve entirely the design
and manufacturing process and increase productivity, to help people and machines
to communicate. It includes CAD (Computer-Aided Design), CAM (ComputerAided Manufacturing), CAPP (Computer-Aided Process Planning, CNC
(Computer Numerical Control Machine tools), DNC (Direct Numerical Control
Machine tools), FMS (Flexible Manufacturing Systems), ASRS (Automated
Storage and Retrieval Systems), AGV (Automated Guided Vehicles), use of
robotics and automated conveyance, computerized scheduling and production
control, and a business system integrated by a common database. (Houston Cole
Library)

1.2 CIM structure

1.2.1. Processes involved
• Computer-aided designPrototype manufacture
• Determining the efficient method for manufacturing by calculating the costs and
considering the production methods, volume of products, storage and distribution
• Ordering of the necessary materials needed for the manufacturing process
• Computer-aided manufacturing of the products with the help of computer
numerical controllers:
• Quality controls at each phase of the development.
• Product assembly with the help of robots
• Quality check and automated storage
• Automatic distribution of products from the storage areas to awaiting lorries/trucks
• Automatic updating of logs, financial data and bills in the computer system.
1.2.2. Subsystems:
Computer-Aided Technique
 Computer Aided Design (CAD): is the use of computers (or workstations) to aid
in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of a design
CAD Application:
• Design
• Analysis
• Documentation
• Manufacturing
• Management
 Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM): is the use of software and computercontrolled machinery to automate a manufacturing process. Basically CAM has 3
following components:
• Software that tells a machine how to make a product by generating
toolpaths.
• Machinery that can turn raw material into a finished product.


Post Processing converts toolpaths into a language machines can

understand.
CAM application:
• Manufacturing Planning
• Manufacturing Control
 Computer Aided Engineering (CAE): is the use of computer software to
simulate performance in order to improve product designs or assist in the
resolution of engineering problems for a wide range of industries.
CAE Applications:
• Stress and dynamics analysis on components and assemblies using
finite element analysis (FEA)
• Thermal and fluid analysis using computational fluid dynamics
(CFD)
• Kinematics and dynamic analysis of mechanisms (multi-body
dynamics)
 Computer Aided Quality Assurances (CAQ): is the engineering application of
computers and computer controlled machines for inspection of the quality of
products
CAQ Applications:
• Inspection plan management
• Statistical process control (SPC)
• Supplier quality management.
•

 The Computer Aided Manufacturing Planning (CAMP): computers are used
indirectly to support the production function
CAMP Applications:
• Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP)
• Computer assisted NC part programming
• Computerized machinability data systems
• Development of work standards

• Cost estimation
• Production and inventory planning
• Computer aided line balancing
 Enterprise Resources Planning (ERP): is a software used to allow automation
and integration of business processes in the real time manner.
ERP modules include:
• Basic MRP
• Finance
• Human resources
• Supply chain management (SCM)
• Customer relationship management (CRM)
o Sustainability


Devices and Equipment Required
 Computer numerical controlled machine tools (CNC): is an electro-mechanical
device that uses computer programming inputs to operate machine shop tools
 Direct numerical control machine tools (DNC): A system connecting a set of
numerically controlled machines to a common memory for part program or
machine program storage with provision for on-demand distribution of data to
machines
 Programmable logic controllers (PLCs): is a digital computer used for industrial
automation to automate different electro-mechanical processes.
 Robots: a machine controlled by a computer that is used to perform jobs
automatically
 Networks: is a collection of computers, servers, mainframes, network devices,
peripherals, or other devices connected to allow data sharing.
 Monitoring equipment refers to the equipment installed for assessment of the
correct operation of machines or processes
Technologies:

 Flexible manufacturing system (FMS): “a highly automated Group Technologies
machine cell, consisting of a group of processing workstations (usually CNC
machine tools), interconnected by an automated material handling and storage
system, and controlled by a distributed computer system.
 A flexible manufacturing system (FMS) is a manufacturing system that is designed
to easily adapt to production changes
 Typical FMS are:
• Machine flexibility
• Production flexibility
• Process flexibility
• Product flexibility
• Routing flexibility
• Volume (or capacity) flexibility
• Expansion flexibility
 Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS): are computer- and robot-aided
systems that can retrieve items or store them in specific locations.
 Automated guided vehicle (AGV): is a portable robot that follows along marked
long lines or wires on the floor, or uses radio waves, vision cameras, magnets, or
lasers for navigation. They are most often used in industrial applications to
transport heavy materials around a large industrial building, such as a factory or
warehouse.
 Automated conveyance systems (ACS): is a fast and efficient mechanical handling
apparatus for automatically transporting loads and materials within an area


1.3. CIM functions
 Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) encompasses the entire range of
product development and manufacturing activities with all the functions being
carried out with the help of dedicated software packages. The data required for
various functions are passed from one application software to another in a

seamless manner. For example, the product data is created during design. This data
has to be transferred from the modeling software to manufacturing software
without any loss of data.
 CIM uses a common database wherever feasible and communication technologies
to integrate design, manufacturing and associated business functions that combine
the automated segments of a factory or a manufacturing facility.
 CIM reduces the human component of manufacturing and thereby relieves the
process of its slow, expensive and error-prone component. CIM stands for a
holistic and methodological approach to the activities of the manufacturing
enterprise in order to achieve vast improvement in its performance.
 In a CIM system functional areas such as design, analysis, planning, purchasing,
cost accounting, inventory control, and distribution are linked through the
computer with factory floor functions such as materials handling and management,
providing direct control and monitoring of all the operations.
 CIM software comprises computer programs to carry out the following functions:
• Management Information System
• Job Tracking
• Sales
• Inventory Control
• Marketing
• Shop Floor Data Collection
• Finance
• Order Entry
• Database Management
• Materials Handling
• Modeling and Design
• Device Drivers
• Analysis
• Process Planning
• Simulation

• Manufacturing Facilities Planning
• Communications
• Workflow Automation
1.4 Factors affecting CIM applications
Key factors affecting CIM applications


 The first factor that is most concerned about the application of CIM is revenue and
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profit. Investors will consider the trade-off between applying CIM or not. Does the
application of CIM in businesses bring profits to managers or will it cause waste?
The second factor affecting the investment of the CIM system is capital. The
investment in a whole CIM line will cost a lot more than the traditional line.
However, the payback period will be shorter due to lower operating costs.
The third factor in the operation process is maintenance. The system is operated
entirely by computer. Besides that is the support of robotic arms. Therefore, the
maintenance staff must have extremely good expertise to ensure that the system is
operating stably and without problems.
Integration of components from different suppliers
• When different machines, such as CNC, conveyors and robots, are
using different communications protocols. In the case of AGVs, even
differing lengths of time for charging the batteries may cause

problems.
Data integrity
• The higher the degree of automation, the more critical is the integrity
of the data used to control the machines.
• While the CIM system saves on labor of operating the machines, it
requires extra human labor in ensuring that there are proper
safeguards for the data signals that are used to control the machines.
Process control
• Computers may be used to assist the human operators of the
manufacturing facility, but there must always be a competent
engineer on hand to handle circumstances which could not be
foreseen by the designers of the control software.


PART 2: CIM SYSTEM DESIGN
2.1 Identifying the CIM system requirements and functions
In the following, we give some fundamentals about shoe components and their different
manufacturing phases


Figure 2. 1 CIM Requirments

 Shoe Components
The basic components of a shoe are: upper, insole, sole, and heel; others optional
parts can be added such as laces, buckles, buttonholes, etc. The upper is the
topmost part of the shoe, attached to the insole and the sole through stitching
and/or glue. It can be realized from different materials such as leather, fabric or
other less valuable materials. In the classic shoe kind, it is divided into vamp,
which covers the foremost part of the foot, and quarter. Often uppers are
reinforced with a reinforcement tip and counter (on the back).

The insole is the base the shoe is built on; it is the most critical bottom component
from a functional point of view, since this is where the foot plant lays and is the
junction element between upper and sole. In most cases, it is made of fiber
paperboard (covered with a thin leather layer on the inner shoe side at the end of
the manufacturing), while only seldom leather or other materials are used. The
sole is the part laying on the ground and is made of leather, rubber, plastic or even
wood. It is attached to the upper with nails, glue or stitching. The heel is a support
made of leather, wood, rubber or other materials, applied to the back part of the
sole in the heel area; its height ranges from a few millimeters to several


centimeters. Aside from sustaining the body weight, it gives the shoe its particular
appearance, and this is the reason why there are so many variants

 Shoe Design
Up to a few decades ago, shoe design and construction could be considered a fruit of
engineering, architectural and stylisti experience, surely a great demonstration of manual
skills. Almost everything was left to shoe designer’s fancy, interpretative ability and
experience. The dependence on the skills of a single person and the time required by the
design (often requiring repeated trial-and-error steps) induced companies to spend
energies on the automation and simplification of the whole process.
This change is still happening, and the current production mixes up technology and
handcrafting skills. The CAD and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) technologies
were introduced in the footwear sector only in the 1980s. Developing these new
technologies became important when the fashion induced a much wider selection of
different shoe models.
There are two main footwear CADs:
o 3D CADs which allow the designer to interact with 3D entities such as the last,
heel, upper, and sole in a way similar to the traditional manual process;
o 2D CADs which only allow to manage the upper after it has been flattened

 Manufacturing Phases
Manufacturing a shoe requires a great deal of workmanship and personal
experience, even though most of the manual work is assisted by more or less
sophisticated machines. There are three main philosophies on which machines for
footwear production are built: manual, semiautomatic, or automatic machines.
Depending on the amount of automation present in the factory, there can be even
the three types of machines all together, spread over the whole manufacturing
chain.

Figure 2. 2 CIM detailed requirments

The shoe assembly process (also named lasting or making) can be split in six main
steps:
• last and upper preparation;
• assembling of the upper on the last;
• heat treatment;


• bottom and sole preparation;
• sole fastening;
• last removal and finishing.
2.2 System architecture design
2.2.1 Developing a flowchart showing material flow and information flow in the
production system
Process flow for footwear manufacture
In order to manufacture a pair of shoes in a shop floor, material is given to two
manufacturing areas which are upper and bottom(sole) parts. Cutting and stitching
processes are implemented in the upper part, and soles are manufactured and stocked
from outsole (O/S) press, polyurethane(PU) and phylon(P/L) press in the sole part.

Components of these two parts are firstly collected in two set places which are upper set
place(USP) and bottom set place(BSP), and secondly assembled in an assembly set
place(ASP) and sent to a footwear warehouse. Fig 2.3. shows a process flow for
footwear manufacture

Figure 2. 3 Process flow for footwear manufacture

An MP module for FPS plays a role of POP system and uses hardware devices for data
gathering, conversion, offering and instruction, and its software is composed of three submodules which implements planning, gathering and management.
Information flow of MP module
Information flow of manufacturing processes is like Fig. 2.4. In production plan
department, a process plan is established, information of daily work sheet is input and


labels for shoes are printed according to the input information and handed to
manufacturing departments in shop floor. Then components of shoes are manufactured
according to the output information of production plan and packed by groups, and labels
are attached to the packages for management. The attached labels are respectively
scanned in manufacturing departments. Scanned data are input and transferred, a line
controller collects and saves delivered data in a manufacturing department, and
transferred to the main server. The received data are stored at the server, machined and
delivered to some necessary departments.
The software of MP module is composed of three sub-modules. The first is a sub-module
which implements planning, production and inventory management by using a special
label system, the second implements gathering of shop floor data and communication,
and the third is used for system manager. In the first sub-module, operations that
implement data change, data control, planning and warehouse management are
programmed. Program for real-time monitoring and line control are executed in the
second sub-module. Real-time monitoring program is for communication with all
manufacturing department and line control program is for assembly department,

preparing or sewing department, department of assembly set place, uploading to oracle
server and information control of products warehouse. Stock management and
configuration program are implemented in the third sub-module.

Figure 2. 4 Information flow of MP module

Information Flow of Footwear Production System


A pair of footwear is produced by implementing many functions from receipt of order
information to delivery of a finished product.
The information flow of the footwear production system(FPS) is shown in Fig. In view
of manufacturing and management information technology, The software of the footwear
production system is composed of 5 modules which are order process(OP), process
planning(PP), manufacturing process(MP), material resource planning(MRP) and cost
processing (CP)

Figure 2. 5 Information Flow of Footwear Production System

In Fig. 2.5, the system starts from receipt of order information of a new model. A new
model is designed at the development department and a production planning is set up. In
production planning department, a master production plan is scheduled, and a material
resource planning is established according to production planning information, and
materials are ordered and put into a warehouse. According to the operation sheet
information, materials for footwear products are taken out of a warehouse, delivered and
manufactured in manufacturing departments for uppers and soles. An upper is composed
of many pieces and manufactured by cutting and stitching. Outsole, midsole and insole
are made by outsole press, injection phylon press and polyurethane, and assembled with
an upper at an assembly set place. A product assembled is tested through quality control
department and the finished footwear product is delivered

The developed system is related to software of manufacturing process modules and
hardware for shop floor data input in production information flow.
2.2.2 Describing functions of each component in the production system


Modern production contexts need wider and wider interoperability among software
applications with different nature and origin. Indeed, this is relevant especially when
passing from the design to production, exploiting strong automation and integration
among processes and inside them.
Order information and automatic scheduling through computer
 Dealing indibviduals orders of various products
 Control of due dates
 Preparing Production Planning
Inventory control through JIT
 Minimizing raw material, WIP, inventory
 Utilizing bar code, RFID
Statitical quality control: quality improvement
Monitoring facility, process
 Data collection for facility operating
 Report for producing defective goods
 Records & analysis of failing facility
Data collection for MIS
 WIP data
 Shipment data
 Direct & Indirect labor data
 Production control data, defective rate, operation rate, failure rate, production rate
 Supplier record, quality, acomplishment
 Defective production data
Managing MIS data
 Reducing indirect cost

 Rapid decision making using data base
Diagnosing failure
 Minimizing down time
 Details of failure ( problems)
2.2.3 Indicating technologies and software used in the corresponding components
1. Designing:
CAD: is technology for design and technical documentation, which replaces manual
drafting with an automated process.


Figure 2. 6 Designing

Adobe Illustrator wrote the book on vector graphics software. It sets the
standard for professionally designed logos, artwork, infographics, icons,
and much more. .
• Affinity Designer: is an excellent choice for personal projects or novice
graphic designers with its intuitive user interface.
o Simulation: Tecnomatix Plant Simulation, Siemens Technomatic,..
2. Processing:
• Solidification processes, in which the starting material is a heated liquid or
semifluid that cools and solidifies to form the part geometry.
• Particulate processing, in which the starting material is a powder, and the
powders are formed and heated into the desired geometry.
•

Figure 2. 7 Processing

•

Deformation processes, in which the starting material is a ductile solid

(commonly metal) that is deformed to shape the part.


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Material removal processes, in which the starting material is a solid (ductile
or brittle), from which material is removed so that the resulting part has the
desired geometry.
Cleaning: includes both chemical and mechanical processes as well as
ultrasonic to remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from the surface.
Surface treatments: include mechanical working such as shot peening and
sand blasting, and physical processes such as diffusion and ion
implantation.
Coating and thin film deposition processes: apply a coating of material to
the exterior surface of the work-part.

3. Assembling:
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•

Welding: is the process of heating and welding two pieces of metal together
using a powerful electric current
Brazing and soldering: is a method of joining without melting the base
materials

Figure 2. 8 Brazing and soldering

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•
•
•

Adhesive bonding: is a manufacturing process in which two or more
surfaces are joined using an adhesive.
Threaded fasteners: are bolts, studs and nuts of different types are widely
used for joining parts together
Permanent fastening: are single-use fasteners such as rivets and nails, that
are designed to permanently join two materials or parts
CAE Applications: Stress and dynamics analysis on components and
assemblies using finite element analysis (FEA)

4. Inspection (Measuring, Gauging, Observation)


•

Computer Aided Quality Assurances (CAQ): is the engineering application
of computers and computer controlled machines for inspection of the
quality of products

Figure 2. 9 Computer Aided Quality Assurances

5. Storage

Automated storage and retrieval systems (ASRS) are made of a variation of

computer-controlled systems that automatically place and retrieve loads from set
storage locations in a facility with precision, accuracy and speed.

Figure 2. 10 Storage

6. Dispatch

Dispatch software are systems designed to help automate routing and scheduling
processes, provide a simpler and more efficient way to coordinate routes and
deliveries while mitigating costly errors.
2.3 Developing a database


The number and type of processes required to make a shoe depend heavily on
several factors such as the type of shoe, the desired quality of the finished product,
production time constraints, and final cost. Here is a list of the most general
manufacturing rules, even though every shoe factory follows its own rules.

Figure 2. 11 Database

 Last and Upper Preparation: The last: the shoe assembling phase is done on a last
to give the shoe its right shape. The upper, initially flat, is forced to assume the last
shape with pincers and other grabbing devices, which are part of some machines
(such as the toe lasting machine and the seat and side lasting machine). This
central role in the production process gives the last a great importance, since errors
in the last design or production can lead to problems in later manufacturing phases
or in the shoe usage. The upper: the initial upper design is performed by a shoe
designer directly on the last or on a standard shape (the flattened upper) following
the fashion designer drawings. This work is done for a single size, it is flattened (if
done on the 3D last) and scaled to generate all the shoe sizes usually available.

A testing phase, during which a small set of shoes is produced, is usually done to
detect and fix possible errors. The next step is the component (pieces) production.
The leather cutting can be done manually for small productions, or automatically
for medium and large-scale productions.
Cutting machines can have or not have socket punch, thus actually changing the
operations needed to obtain a single piece. Cutting with a socket punch is fast but
requires the production of templates (a time-consuming process) which are pressed


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on the leather. Cutting without socket punch can be either hand-done (using a
cutter and a paperboard reference) or automatically using cutting machines which
are somewhat similar to plotters with several cutting heads. The pieces to be cut
are coded in a file and projected on the leather so that the operator can place them
in the best (less space waste) way. There are many technologies for this kind of
machines (oscillating blade, ultrasonic, laser, water-jet, etc.). Cutting without a
socket punch is very economic and flexible and (obviously) removes the time
penalty of building the template itself. It is the preferred technology for
prototyping and, with the most advanced software, even less experienced
personnel can obtain good results.
As usual, several means and materials are available to achieve different
cost/quality compromises. Once the upper is complete, the outside counter
performing is done. In this phase, the heel area is thermally shaped and the counter

is placed. The insole: the next step is to temporarily fasten the insole to the last,
through paper tape or a nail, and its trimming. These operations are usually either
manual or performed with semiautomatic machines.
Assembling the Upper on the Last: The shoe assembling is usually done with two
semiautomatic machines, the tack lasting machine (for the fore part) and the waist
lasting machine (for the lateral and back parts). The upper is fastened with glue
and/or nails. A peening phase ensures good coupling between glued components.
Heat Treatment: The assembled shoe must remain on the last for some time to
permanently assume the proper shape. To shorten this time, the shoe is subjected
to relatively strong thermal shocks.
Bottom and Insole Preparation: The next steps are roughing (used to remove the
leather superficial layer whose finishing treatments are somewhat glue repellent)
and gluing of the bottom preparing it to the sole fastening. These phases are
usually performed through semiautomatic machines, and sometimes the same
machine performs both operations.
Sole Fastening: In this phase, the sole and the upper-ins a sole-press is used. Doing
this operation with great care is extremely important for the quality of the finished
product.
Last Removal and Finishing: Once the shoe is completed the last is removed. It is
now possible to fasten the heel and the final operations (like polishing) are
performed. After some quality checks, the finished shoe is confectioned.


PART 3: CONCLUSIONS
3.1 Strengths and weakness of the CIM system that your group has designed
Strengths:
• Less error-prone
• Creates an automated manufacturing process
• System is constantly monitored so if there is a breakdown: the type and location of
breakdown is easily identified making maintenance easier

• Reduces cost of maintenance
• After the high initial greater profits will be achieved
Weaknesses:
• Full dependent on computer data. This can be a problem if the data can only be
interpreted on one brand of software company, and if some machinery requires
software for another software brand then this can be an issue
• High initial capital costs/investments due to computers, robots, training of
personnel
• Maintenance is complex, requires highly skilled employees

3.2 What should be taken into consideration in running the your CIM system
 Expensive and time-consuming tasks such as maintenance and reliability
become critical aspects. Thus the equipment must then be designed for
maintenance. Modularity and reconfigurability in manufacturing systems and
system components must also be considered.
 The characteristics of a company in terms of capital, knowledge workers,
complexity of the material flow, layout types, etc should be considered while
designing and implementing CIM.
 Human factors : should be considered at the earliest stages of the planning and
implementation of CIM systems. If not, a CIM project may fail as workers
struggle to operate and maintain the system. Human factors are important in areas
such as installation, operation, maintenance, and safety. Installation requires
workers well trained in automation principles.
Knowledge workers such as computer operators and software engineers, and a
multi-functional workforce are essential to improve integration and adaptation in
the implementation of CIM.
CIM is not just a hardware/software solution. It also affects the way people work
and the way they interrelate. Most people resist changes and the changes can make
workers feel threatened. The introduction of any new technology must be handled
carefully and sensitively. CIM can help break down the (communication) barriers

•

•
•

between specialist areas (design, production, accounts, etc.) since they start to
share common pools of data.
Although linking of the different parts of a production system is an integral
part of CIM, the various parts of the system should not be so tightly coupled that
failure in any one part brings down the entire system - the system should include
some redundancy, back-up and decoupling mechanism.
Location decisions, for example, may be affected by the shift in relative costs
associated with a CIM system.
Establish clear business KPIs as well as calculate ROI (return in investment)

It is critical to set clear KPIs and evaluate ROI. Based on calculations for different
scenarios, we can understand the advantages of implementing CIM. Analyzing
your manufacturing problems It is critical to get more visibility into the
manufacturing issues and requirements. We need to analyze your final product's
quality and how it can be enhanced. Then, we have to consider all the benefits and
drawbacks of CIM. Also, we should understand how the quality improvement
process can be boosted by CIM technology.
• Ensuring an efficient CIM engineering process: You have to keep in mind that the
success of any computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) project heavily depends
on the following aspects:
o

finding top-notch specialists that will assist you on this path;

o

choosing the suitable sources of data;

o

allocating IoT sensors that collect data from different devices;

o

developing an ecosystem of platforms that collect data from different
sources;

o

cleaning, aggregating, and preprocessing the data;

o

applying machine learning/AI or data science models;

o

visualizing the insights.

• Develop production and process management techniques or systems
o These footwear manufacturing circumstances of disharmony make production

management difficult.

o In order to implement CIM system in a shop floor, real-time information of

shop floor should be collected, analyzed, delivered and used to other
departments effectively
o Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP), CNC machine, CAD/CAM
integration can add to improve productivity and reduce waste.


o Due to the nature of the shoe manufacturing industry and the complex

operations that have to be performed in order to construct a shoe, we have to
examine a selection of operations for processing single flat component parts as
well as more complex three-dimensional operations encountered when lasting
and soling a shoe.


REFERENCES
[1] A. Gunasekaran, S. Y. Nof, “Integration and adaptability issues,” International Journal of
Computer Integrated Manufacturing, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp.1-3, 1997.
[2] K. H. Choi, S. H. Lee, “Hybrid Shop Floor Control System for Computer Integrated
Manufacturing(CIM),” KSME International Journal, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp.544-554, 2001.
[3] Yamaguchi, Introduction to a POP system for CIM system, Ohmsha, Ltd., 1992.
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