Leprosy (Hansen’s Disease)

Leprosy (Hansen’s
Disease)

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Leprosy is caused by
Mycobacterium leprae

rd, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.”
Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.

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Discovered by Gerhard
Armauer Hansen in 1873

Global Project on the History of Leprosy
://www.leprosyhistory.org/graphics/gallery/hansen.jpg

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Bacteria Resides in
Cooler Parts of the Body

Skin


Peripheral

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Nerves


Symptoms & Diagnosis:
(1) Skin Lesions

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Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's
disease in the early 21st century.” Dermatologic therapy 22,


Symptoms & Diagnosis:
(2) Skin Smear Tests
Ziehl Neelsen Carbol Fuchsin Stain (ZNCF)

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Global Project on the History of Leprosy
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Transmission




Nasal/oral
Droplets
Dermal
Inoculations

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Immunocompromised
individuals are more
susceptible to disease

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Mechanism of Nerve
Damage

ard, DM et al. 2006. “The continuing challenges of leprosy.”
Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 338-81.

1.

Entry Through
Blood Vessels

2. Inflammatory
Response
3.
Demyelination
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Outcomes of Nerve
Damage



Sensory Loss



Paralysis



Deformities
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Sensory Loss Can Lead to
Secondary Infections and Severe
Deformities

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1941: Discovery of
Dapsone


Targets
dihydropteroate
synthase (DHPS)



Inhibits nucleic acid
synthesis

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1964: Dapsone Resistance
from Missense Mutations in
DHPS

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1960’s: Rifampicin and
Clofazimine Discovered


Rifampicin
(Rifampin): Inhibit
RNA synthesis



Clofazimine:
Anti-inflammatory
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1981: WHO Proposes

Multi-Drug Therapy (MDT)


Combination of DAPSONE,
RIFAMPICIN, and CLOFAZIMINE

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1995: WHO Distributes MDT
Drugs for Free to Worldwide
Patients

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1999: Global Alliance to
Eliminate Leprosy As a Public
Health Problem

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Obstacles to Eliminating

Leprosy in Endemic
Countries

STIGMA

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Overcoming Stigma




Mass Media

Integrated Primary Health
Services


Education & Training
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References
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Leprosy Today. “Leprosy: The Disease.” World Health Organization.
(accessed February 25 2010).
Matsuoka, Masanori M. 2010. “Drug Resistance in Leprosy.” Japanese journal of
infectious diseases 63, no. 1: 1-7. (accessed
February 25, 2010).
National Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Program. “Hansen’s Disease (Leprosy) Facts.”
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. />Accessed February 25 2010.
Scollard, DM, LB Adams, TP Gillis, JL Krahenbuhl , RW Truman, and DL Williams. 2006.
“The continuing challenges of leprosy.” Clinical microbiology reviews 19, no. 2: 33881. (accessed February 25, 2010).
Worobec, Sophie M. 2009. “Treatment of leprosy/Hansen's disease in the early 21st
century.” Dermatologic therapy 22, no. 6: 518-37.
(accessed February 25,
2010.

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