Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Guide ppt

Personal
Protective
Equipment
(PPE)
Guide
Volume 1: General PPE
F417-207-000
February 2003












This guide is designed to be used by supervisors, lead workers,
managers, employers, and anyone responsible for the safety and
health of employees.

Employees are also encouraged to use information in this guide
to analyze their own jobs, be aware of work place hazards, and
take active responsibility for their own safety.

Photos and graphic illustrations contained within this document were provided courtesy
of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), Oregon OSHA, United
States Coast Guard, EnviroWin Safety, Microsoft Clip Gallery (Online), and the
Washington State Department of Labor and Industries.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
(If viewing this pdf document on the computer, you can place the cursor over the section headings below
until a hand appears and then click. You can also use the Adobe Acrobat Navigation Pane to jump
directly to the sections.)
How To Use This Guide 4
A. Introduction 6
B. What you are required to do 8
1. Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it 8
2. Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees 10
3. Provide training to your employees and document it 11
4. Make sure your employees use their PPE properly 12
5. Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition 12
C. Resources 14

Tools/Forms: Checklists and forms you can use to help you
comply with PPE requirements 15
Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements 16
Hazard Assessment For PPE 17
Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE 21
- Additional Guidelines for Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis
(JHA) Assessment for PPE 25
Personal Protective Equipment Training Certification Form 31
Personal Protective Equipment Training Quiz 32
Sample PPE Policies 33
Recognizing and Controlling Hazards 34
What is a hazard? 35
How do you control hazards? 38
- Engineering Controls 38
- Work Practice Controls 39
- Administrative Controls 40
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) 41
Types of Personal Protective Equipment 42
Head Protection 43
Eye and Face Protection 46
- Facts About Eye Protection in the Workplace 52
Hand And Arm Protection 54
Foot and Leg Protection 58
Torso/Body Protection 61
Protection from Drowning 63
L&I Service Locations and Services 66
Links to Additional Information 69
3

How To Use This Guide

This guide will help you to comply with the WISHA (Washington Industrial Safety and
Health Act) Personal Protective Equipment rules. Volume 1: General Personal
Protective Equipment, covers PPE requirements used to protect the head, eyes and
face, hand and arm, foot and leg, and body (torso) in most work environments. Future
volumes will cover other PPE, such as Hearing Protection, Respiratory Protection, Fall
Protection, etc., which have specific requirements, including separate written programs.

This guide features a Resource section containing

!
!
!
Sample checklists and forms that you can use and modify (Microsoft Word
format) to fit the needs of your particular work place.
Optional PPE policies which you may choose to incorporate into your Accident
Prevention Program. (If you need assistance with your Accident Prevention
Program, you can consult the Accident Prevention Program Guide.)
Information on particular types of PPE to help you select the appropriate
equipment.

This guide is not a substitute for the WISHA standards. You need to refer to the
Washington Administrative Code (WAC) chapters listed below to make sure you comply
with the rules when using this guide.

!
!
For this user guide on general PPE, refer to
PPE in the Core Rules Chapter 296-800-160
The hazards in your work place may have special rules that apply to them. For
information about PPE for specific work places or work tasks, see these WISHA

rules:

Work place WAC code reference
Construction Work Chapter 296-155
Electrical Workers Chapter 296-45
Fire Fighters Chapter 296-305
General Occupational Health Standards Chapter 296-62
such as Hearing Protection Chapter 296-62 Part K
Respiratory Protection Chapter 296-62 Part E
Bloodborne Pathogens Chapter 296-62 Part J
General Safety and Health Standards Chapter 296-24
such as Welding Protection Chapter 296-24 Part I
Electrical Protection Chapter 296-24 Part L
Logging Operations Chapter 296-54
Pulp, Paper, & Paperboard Mills and Converters Chapter 296-79
Ship Repairing, Ship Building and Ship Breaking Chapter 296-304
Ski Area Facilities and Operations Chapter 296-59
Telecommunication Chapter 296-32
Textile Industry Chapter 296-301

4

Note: If viewing this document on your computer, you can click on
the blue hyperlinks to jump to other sections (locations within the
document have page references). Place the cursor over the
selected hyperlink until a hand appears and then click.

You must have Internet access when clicking on hyperlinks to web
sites, WISHA rules, and other referenced sources not located within
this document.

Additional information

This icon indicates a tool (such as a checklist) that you can use
to help you meet a PPE rule requirement. You should customize
and modify it as necessary to fit the needs of your particular work
place.


If you need further assistance with the personal protective equipment rules and
requirements, you can

•
•
•
•
Contact the Consultation Services section at your local Labor & Industries Office
for free help. See the Resources section, p.66 for an office in your area.
Call 1-800-4BE SAFE (1-800-423-7233), L&I’s central office line
Seek information from other safety and health organizations. A listing is provided
at the end of the Resources section on p. 69 “Links to Additional Information.”
Contact your personal protective equipment supplier for information and
assistance on selecting the appropriate type of PPE for the hazards at your work
place.


5

A. Introduction
When an injury occurs in the workplace, not only does the worker suffer but the costs –
medical and time loss payments, loss in productivity, costs for a replacement worker,
and potential increase in insurance premium costs – can be great. According to the
Department of Labor & Industries, there were 11,240 claims for eye injuries alone in the
year 2000, totaling over five million dollars (total costs to date) and averaging $452 per
claim.

You can protect your workers and prevent work place injuries and resulting costs. For
example, efforts to reduce eye injuries in the residential wood framing industry by the
Department of Labor & Industries, working in conjunction with employers and the public,
have resulted in a 30% drop in eye injuries so far during the period from July 1, 2001
through March 31, 2002.

As an employer, you are required by Washington State’s occupational safety and health
rules to provide a safe and healthful work place for your employees. You must identify
and anticipate hazards your workers are or may be exposed to, and provide appropriate
protective measures. One type of protective measure is personal protective equipment
(PPE).

PPE is equipment or a device that protects a worker’s body from hazards and any
harmful conditions (existing and potential) that may result in injury, illness, or possibly
death. PPE may be an item worn on the body, such as gloves, or a device, such as a
protective shield or barrier. (See table of examples on next page.)

PPE is the least effective way to protect workers because it does not eliminate or
reduce the hazard; it only places a barrier between the worker and the hazard. If the
PPE fails or is not used, then the worker is not protected from the hazard. Therefore,
try considering more effective methods to control the hazard before resorting to PPE.

Use a system of strategies, called the "Hierarchy of Controls," which prioritizes control
methods that try to remove or reduce the hazard:

Hierarchy of Controls

1. Engineering Controls
2. Work Practice Controls
Administrative Controls
3. Personal Protective Equipment

(See “How do you control hazards” on p. 38 for further discussion on these control
methods.)


If engineering, work practice, and/or administrative controls do not adequately protect
your employees and PPE is used, you must comply with the safety and health
6

requirements under WAC 296-800-160 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). The next
section tells you what you must do if your employees need PPE.

Examples of some PPE:
Body part Example of PPE Example of hazard/
hazardous condition
Head hard hat contact from falling object
Face face shield impact from flying wood
chips
Eyes safety glasses liquid chemical splash
Body (torso) leather apron burn from molten metal work
Arms, hands puncture-resistant metal-

mesh gloves
cut from shellfish processing
Legs, feet knee guards awkward posture, pressure
from carpet laying
Potentially life-threatening life jacket (personal flotation
device)
drowning from falling into
water

*body harness/personal fall
protection system
*fall from roof
Ears *ear plugs *loud noise from machinery
Lungs *face mask with cartridge *vapors from cleaning with
solvent
* PPE for these and other hazards are not included in this volume of the PPE Guide but will be covered in future
volumes (see WAC 296-62 for respiratory and hearing protection and WAC 296-155 for fall protection for
further assessment).



7

B. What you are required to do
The Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Rule WAC 296-800-160 says you must

• Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and document it
• Select and provide appropriate PPE to your employees (p.10)
• Provide training to your employees and document it (p.11)
• Make sure your employees use their PPE properly (p.12)

• Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition (p.12)

You can use the "Guidelines for complying with PPE r
checklist on p.
equirements”
the PPE 16 to help you with meeting the requirements of
rules.






1. Do a Hazard Assessment for PPE and
document it
Before you can know if your employees need PPE, you must assess your work place for
hazards. It will help you select the appropriate PPE for any hazards present or likely to
be present. WISHA also requires you to document that you have done a hazard
assessment. As the person responsible for conducting the hazard assessment, you are
accountable both for the quality and thoroughness of the hazard assessment.

8

The table below lists two suggested approaches/methods that you can take to fulfill this
requirement:

Method Tool This tool helps you: Advantage Disadvantage
Hazard
Assessment
for PPE

Checklist
(see p. 17)

-Identify hazards by
the body parts
affected
-Good for retail and
non-manufacturing
businesses with few
hazards
-Not very detailed
-May not be adequate
for a manufacturing
site
Job Hazard
Analysis
(JHA) and
Hazard
Assessment
for PPE
Chart
(see p. 21)

-Break down the job
into tasks or steps
-Identify hazard
types and sources
-Assign a risk priority
code to determine
what action to take

-Good for detailed
analysis of hazards
associated with a job
or task
-Provides a description
of how to do the job*
-Requires more
resources and time
* This can also be useful for
• Training new workers on the job procedures
• Accident investigations
• American Disabilities Act (ADA) determination of reasonable accommodation

Whichever method you use to do the hazard assessment – either one of the above or
your own method – involve the employees throughout the process: review the job
steps, discuss potential hazards, and recommend solutions together. They are the
most familiar with their jobs and their work area, and can provide information about their
job that you may not necessarily see when you observe them at work. They may have
ideas or have already worked out some practical solutions, and will be more likely to
accept and adhere to changes in policies and procedures if they are involved in the
decision-making process.

Document (either on paper or electronically, as long as it is available to safety and
health personnel from the Department of Labor and Industries) that the PPE hazard
assessment has been done with the information required under WAC 296-800-16010
Document your hazard assessment for PPE. Using and signing either of the hazard
assessment tools in the table above will fulfill this requirement.


Reassess hazards

It is a good idea to reassess hazards periodically and on an as-needed basis. You may
want to review your hazard assessment every year and update it whenever there are
changes in your work place, such as

• job/task changes
• you get new equipment
• there has been an accident
9


Even if no changes have been made in a job, you might find hazards you missed in the
previous analysis. Incorporate any new PPE requirements that you have developed
into your written accident prevention program.



2. Select and provide appropriate PPE to your
employees
If PPE is determined to be necessary (see How do you control hazards?, p. 38), select
PPE for your employees that is suitably matched to the hazard to provide the
appropriate protection. The PPE must be of safe design and construction for the work.
This includes PPE for

• head protection (p. 43)
• eye and face protection (p. 46)
• hand and arm protection (p. 54)
• foot and leg protection (p. 58)
• torso (body) protection (p. 61)
and
• protection from drowning hazards (p. 63)

Discuss the selections with the employees required to use the PPE and provide them
with the appropriate PPE that

• Is durable.
• Fits snugly to assure maximum protection.
• Doesn’t interfere with the employee’s movements.

PPE items/devices are not “one size fits all.” PPE that fits poorly will not properly
protect the wearer and may make it more difficult to work. For example, loose-fitting
protective clothing can get caught in moving machine parts; poorly fitting gloves will
increase the effort required to do a job. Also, an employee is less likely to use PPE that
causes discomfort.



10

3. Provide training to your employees and
document it
There are several ways in which you can provide your employees with the proper
training on the PPE they are required to use. You can

• Provide your own training
• Borrow safety and health videotapes from L&I’s video library
• Call your local L&I Office’s Consultation Services for free assistance with your
training program.
and/or
• Seek the services of an outside consultant specializing in safety and health
training

See L&I Services (p. 66) for a listing of the L&I Service Location Offices
and the L&I Safety and Health Video Library.

The training must be customized to the particular processes and hazards at your work
place and it must be documented (see WAC 296-800-16035 Document PPE Training).


You can use the sample PPE training certification form to
document the training (see p. 31).


You can use the OPTIONAL Sample PPE Training Quiz to
make sure that your employees understood the training and can
use their PPE properly before you allow them to do any work
requiring PPE (see p. 32).


11

Retraining:

You must retrain an employee

• whose work habits or demonstrated knowledge indicates a lack of the necessary
understanding, motivation, and skills required to use the PPE (i.e., uses PPE
improperly)
• when changes in the work place make previous training out-of-date (for example,
when you get new equipment)
• when changes in the types of PPE to be used make previous training out-of-date

Don’t forget to document any retraining that you do.



4. Make sure your employees use their PPE
properly
Make sure that your employees are using required PPE properly and are following the
policies and procedures regarding PPE established at your work place. Have
supervisors or lead workers regularly monitor, supervise, reinforce, and enforce the
correct use and care of PPE by employees. Provide follow-up training if necessary to
ensure that each employee has the adequate skill, knowledge, and ability to use his/her
personal protective equipment.

If necessary, you may have to take measures to enforce PPE use.

For suggestions on dealing with employees who do not follow PPE
procedures (or other safety policies) established at your work place,
see a sample Safety Disciplinary Policy (p. Sample Policies-8) in
the Sample PPE Policies section beginning on p. 33.

If employees choose to provide their own PPE, make sure that it is adequate for the
work place hazards, and that it is maintained in a clean and reliable condition.



5. Make sure PPE is in safe and good condition
Make sure that PPE is inspected before each use, and that it is cleaned and maintained
according to manufacturers’ recommendations and instructions. Cleaning is particularly
important for eye and face protection where dirty or fogged lenses could impair vision.

12

Recommended: Attach a copy of the manufacturers’ cleaning and care
instructions for all PPE provided to your employees in the PPE section of
your Accident Prevention Program.


DISCARD DEFECTIVE PPE! Do not use any defective equipment, including any
employee-supplied equipment.
NOTE: Defective equipment can be worse than no PPE at all.
Employees would avoid a hazardous situation if they knew they were not
protected; but they would get closer to the hazard if they wrongly believed
they were protected (by defective equipment) and therefore would be at
greater risk.

13

C. Resources


This section contains information and tools to help you with the WISHA PPE
requirements.

Tools and Forms 15
Recognizing and Controlling Hazards 34
Types of Personal Protective Equipment 42
L&I Service Locations and Services 66
Links to Additional Information 69

14

Tools/Forms:
Checklists and forms you can use to help you comply with PPE requirements

You can use the following tools (available in editable Microsoft Word format) to assist
you with some of the PPE safety requirements. We encourage you to modify and
customize them to fit the specific needs of your particular work place.


Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements 16
(click here for the editable version)
Conducting a Hazard Assessment
Option 1: Hazard Assessment for PPE 17
(click here for the editable version)
Option 2: Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE 21
(click here for the editable version)
PPE Training Certification Form 31
(click here for the editable version)
PPE Training Quiz for Employees 32
(click here for the editable version)
Sample PPE Policies 33
(click here for the editable version)

15

Guidelines for complying with PPE requirements
Use this checklist to help you comply with the PPE requirements at your work place.
You can use the available tools in the far right column to help you accomplish the step.

Check off the boxes in the far left column as you complete each step.


Done STEP Tools
❏
Do a work place walk-through and look for hazards (including
potential hazards) in all employees’ work spaces and work place
operating procedures.
❏
Consider engineering, administrative, and/or work practice
methods to control the hazards first. Identify those existing/
potential hazards and tasks that require PPE.
❏
Select the appropriate PPE to match the hazards and protect
employees.

Checklist #1: PPE
Hazard Assessment
or
Checklist #2: JHA PPE
Hazard Assessment
❏
Communicate PPE selection to each at-risk employee. Provide
properly fitting PPE to each employee required to use it.

❏
Train employees on the use of PPE and document it. PPE Training
Certification Form
❏
Test employees to make sure they understand the elements of

the PPE training.
Sample PPE Training
Quiz (optional)
❏
Follow up to evaluate effectiveness of PPE use, training, policies,
etc. against the hazards at your work place.
❏Yes ❏No All employees have been trained
❏Yes ❏No Employees are using their PPE properly and
following PPE policies and procedures
❏Yes ❏No Supervisors are enforcing use of required PPE
(If you checked any No boxes, go back through the steps
and correct the deficiencies.)

❏Yes ❏No Have things changed at your work place? (e.g.,
fewer injuries/illnesses)




16
Option 1
Hazard Assessment For PPE
Use with WAC 296-800-160 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

This tool can help you do a hazard assessment to see if your employees need to use
personal protective equipment (PPE) by identifying activities that may create hazards
for your employees. The activities are grouped according to what part of the body might
need PPE. You can make copies, modify and customize it to fit the specific needs of
your particular work place, or develop your own form that is appropriate to your work
environment.

This tool can also serve as written certification that you have done a hazard assessment
as required by WAC 296-800-16010 Document your hazard assessment for PPE.
Make sure that the blank fields at the beginning of the checklist (indicated by *) are filled
out (see below, Instructions #4).

Instructions:

1. Do a walk through survey of each work area and job/task. Read through the list of
work activities in the first column, putting a check next to the activities performed in
that work area or job.
2. Read through the list of hazards in the second column, putting a check next to the
hazards to which employees may be exposed while performing the work activities or
while present in the work area. (for e.g., work activity
: chopping wood; work-related
exposure: flying particles).
3. Decide how you are going to control the hazards. Try considering engineering, work
place, and/or administrative controls to eliminate or reduce the hazards before
resorting to using PPE. If the hazard cannot be eliminated without using PPE,
indicate which type(s) of PPE will be required to protect your employee from the
hazard.
4. Make sure that you complete the following fields on the form (indicated by *) to
certify that a hazard assessment was done:
*Name of your work place
*Address of the work place where you are doing the hazard assessment
*Name of person certifying that a workplace hazard assessment was done
*Date the hazard assessment was done

17
Option 1

18
PPE Hazard Assessment Certification Form
*Name of work place: __________________________________ *Assessment conducted by: _________________________
*Work place address: __________________________________ *Date of assessment: _______________________________
Work area(s): _________________________________________ Job/Task(s): _______________________________________
*Required for certifying the hazard assessment. Use a separate sheet for each job/task or work area
EYES
Work activities, such as:
abrasive blasting sanding
chopping sawing
cutting grinding
drilling hammering
welding
punch press operations
other:

Work-related exposure to
:
airborne dust
flying particles
blood splashes
hazardous liquid chemicals
intense light
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No
If no, use

:
Safety glasses Side shields
Safety goggles Dust-tight
Shading/Filter (# ) goggles
Welding shield
Other:

FACE
Work activities, such as:
cleaning foundry work
cooking welding
siphoning mixing
painting pouring molten
dip tank operations metal
other

Work-related exposure to
:
hazardous liquid chemicals
extreme heat/cold
potential irritants:
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No
If no, use
:
Face shield

Shading/Filter (# )
Welding shield
Other:

HEAD
Work activities, such as:
building maintenance
confined space operations
construction
electrical wiring
walking/working under catwalks
walking/working under conveyor belts
walking/working under crane loads
utility work
other:

Work-related exposure to
:
beams
pipes
exposed electrical wiring or
components
falling objects
machine parts
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No

If no, use
:
Protective Helmet
Type A (low voltage)
Type B (high voltage)
Type C
Bump cap (not ANSI-approved)
Hair net or soft cap
Other:

Option 1
19
HANDS/ARMS
Work activities, such as:
baking material handling
cooking sanding
grinding sawing
welding hammering
working with glass
using computers
using knives
dental and health care services
other:

Work-related exposure to
:
blood
irritating chemicals
tools or materials that could scrape,
bruise, or cut

extreme heat/cold
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No
If no, use
:
Gloves
Chemical resistance
Liquid/leak resistance
Temperature resistance
Abrasion/cut resistance
Slip resistance
Protective sleeves
Other:


FEET/LEGS
Work activities, such as:
building maintenance
construction
demolition
food processing
foundry work
logging
plumbing
trenching
use of highly flammable materials

welding
other:

Work-related exposure to
:
explosive atmospheres
explosives
exposed electrical wiring or
components
heavy equipment
slippery surfaces
tools
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No
If no, use
:
Safety shoes or boots
Toe protection Metatarsal protection
Electrical protection Heat/cold protection
Puncture resistance Chemical resistance
Anti-slip soles
Leggings or chaps
Foot-Leg guards
Other:

BODY/SKIN
Work activities such as:
baking or frying
battery charging
dip tank operations
fiberglass installation
irritating chemicals
sawing
other:

Work-related exposure to
:
chemical splashes
extreme heat/cold
sharp or rough edges
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No
If no, use
:
Vest, Jacket
Coveralls, Body suit
Raingear
Apron
Welding leathers
Abrasion/cut resistance
Other:

Option 1
20
BODY/WHOLE
1

Work activities such as:
building maintenance
construction
logging
utility work
other:


Work-related exposure to
:
working from heights of 10 feet or
more
working near water
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No

If no, use
:
Fall Arrest/Restraint: Type:

PFD: Type:
Other:



*(See Footnote 1)

LUNGS/RESPIRATORY
1

Work activities such as:
cleaning pouring
mixing sawing
painting
fiberglass installation
compressed air or gas operations
other:


Work-related exposure to
:
irritating dust or particulate
irritating or toxic gas/vapor
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE
?
Yes
No

*(See Footnote 1)


EARS/HEARING
1

Work activities such as:
generator grinding
ventilation fans machining
motors routers
sanding sawing
pneumatic equipment
punch or brake presses
use of conveyors
other:


Work-related exposure to
:
loud noises
loud work environment
noisy machines/tools
punch or brake presses
other:

Can hazard be eliminated without the use of PPE

?
Yes
No






*(See Footnote 1)


(1) NOTE: There are other hazards requiring PPE (such as respiratory, noise, fall, etc. hazards), that are not included in this volume of the PPE
Guide but will be covered in future volumes (see WAC 296-62 for respiratory and hearing protection and WAC 296-155 for fall protection for further
assessment). However, you should consider all hazards when you conduct your hazard assessment. See a list of other
WISHA rules (in “How to
use this guide” p. 4) for information regarding PPE for specific work places.
Option 2
Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE
Use with WAC 296-800-160 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

The Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) approach to doing a hazard assessment for PPE is a
more comprehensive method and may be more useful in larger businesses with many
hazards and/or complex safety issues. It also helps you assign a Risk Priority Code to
the hazard to determine the course of actions you need to take to control the hazard.

Follow the instructions as you conduct your hazard assessment and fill in the hazard
assessment form. You can make copies of the form or customize it to fit the needs of
your work place.
For more detailed explanations of the instructions and guidance on

doing the hazard assessment, including completed sample forms, see the “Additional
Guidelines on Conducting a JHA Hazard Assessment for PPE,” pages 25-30).


This tool can also serve as written certification that you have done a hazard assessment
as required by WAC 296-800-16010 Document your hazard assessment for PPE.
Make sure that the blank fields at the bottom of the form (indicated by *) are filled out.

*Name of your work place
*Address of the work place where you are doing the hazard assessment
*Name of person certifying that a workplace hazard assessment was done
*Date the hazard assessment was done


21
Option 2
Job Hazard Analysis Assessment for PPE:
Instructions
1. Conduct a walk through survey of your business. For each job/task step, note the presence of any of the following hazard
types (see table below) their sources, and the body parts at risk. Fill out the left side of the hazard assessment form (for help,
see samples on p.29-30). Gather all the information you can.
• Look at all steps of a job and ask the employee if there are any variations in the job that are infrequently done and that you
might have missed during your observation.
• For purposes of the assessment, assume that no PPE is being worn by the affected employees even though they may
actually be wearing what they need to do the job safely.
• Note all observed hazards. This list does not cover all possible hazards that employees may face or for which personal
protective equipment may be required. Noisy environments or those which may require respirators must be evaluated with
appropriate test equipment to quantify the exposure level when overexposure is suspected.
Hazard Type General Description of Hazard Type
Impact Person can strike an object or be struck by a moving or flying or falling object.

Penetration Person can strike, be struck by, or fall upon an object or tool that would break the skin.
Crush or pinch An object(s) or machine may crush or pinch a body or body part.
Harmful Dust
Presence of dust that may cause irritation, or breathing or vision difficulty. May also have ignition
potential.
Chemical
Exposure from spills, splashing, or other contact with chemical substances or harmful dusts that could
cause illness, irritation, burns, asphyxiation, breathing or vision difficulty, or other toxic health effects.
May also have ignition potential.
Heat Exposure to radiant heat sources, splashes or spills of hot material, or work in hot environments.
Light (optical)
Radiation
Exposure to strong light sources, glare, or intense light exposure which is a byproduct of a process.
Electrical Contact Exposure to contact with or proximity to live or potentially live electrical objects.
Ergonomic hazards Repetitive movements, awkward postures, vibration, heavy lifting, etc.
Environmental
hazards
Conditions in the work place that could cause discomfort or negative health effects.

2. Analyze the hazard. For each job task with a hazard source identified, use the Job Hazard Analysis Matrix table and discuss the
hazard with the affected employee and supervisor. Fill out the right side of the hazard assessment form:
• Rate the SEVERITY of injury that would reasonably be expected to result from exposure to the hazard.
• Rate the PROBABILITY of an accident actually happening.
• Assign a RISK CODE based upon the intersection of the SEVERITY and PROBABILITY ratings on the matrix.
22
Option 2
Job Hazard Analysis Matrix
Severity of Injury Probability of an Accident Occurring
Level Description
A

Frequent
B
Several Times
C
Occasional
D
Possible
E
Extremely
Improbable
I Fatal or Permanent Disability 1 1 1 2 3
II Severe Illness or Injury 1 1 2 2 3
III Minor Injury or Illness 2 2 2-3 3 3
IV No Injury or Illness 3 3 3 3 3

Risk Priority
Code Risk Level Action Required
1
High
Work activities must be suspended immediately until hazard can be eliminated
or controlled or reduced to a lower level.
2
Medium
Job hazards are unacceptable and must be controlled by engineering, administrative, or personal protective
equipment methods as soon as possible.
3
Low
No real or significant hazard exists.
Controls are not required but may increase the comfort level of employees.

3. Take action on the assessment. Depending on the assigned Risk Level/Code (or Risk priority), take the corresponding action
according to the table above:
• If Risk priority is LOW (3) for a task step
# requires no further action.
Note
: If you assign a risk code of 3, be sure that there isn’t a WISHA standard that requires specific protection be provided.
For example: WAC 296-24-65003 requires personal protective equipment when using compressed air for cleaning.
• If Risk priority is MEDIUM (2) # select and implement appropriate controls.
• If Risk priority is HIGH (1)
# immediately stop the task step until appropriate controls can be implemented.
A high risk priority means that there is a reasonable to high probability that an employee will be killed or permanently
disabled doing this task step and/or a high probability that the employee will suffer severe illness or injury!

4. Select PPE:
• Try to reduce employee exposure to the hazard by first implementing engineering, work practice, and/or administrative
controls. If PPE is supplied, it must be appropriately matched to the hazard to provide effective protection, durability, and
proper fit to the worker. Note the control method to be implemented in the far right column.

5. Certify the hazard assessment:
• Certify on the hazard assessment form that you have done the hazard assessment and implemented the needed controls.
• Incorporate any new PPE requirements that you have developed into your written accident prevention program.
23
Option 2
Job Hazard Analysis for Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Assessment
Job/Task: ______________________________ Location: ______________________________
Job/Task Step Hazard Type Hazard Source
Body Parts At
Risk
Severity Probability Risk
Code

Control Method
1

(1) Note: Engineering, work practice, and/or administrative hazard controls such as guarding must be used, if feasible, before requiring employees to use personal protective equipment.
Certification of Assessment
*Name of work place: ________________________________ *Address ________________________________________________________
*Assessment Conducted By: _________________________ Title: ________________________ *Date(s) of Assessment ________________
Implementation of Controls Approved By: __________________________ Title: ______________________________ Date: _______________.
Page
24
Option 2
Additional Guidelines for Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis
(JHA) Assessment for PPE

1. Do a walk through survey – identify sources of hazards
2. Analyze the Hazards (p. 25)
3. Take Action on the Assessment (p. 27)
4. Select PPE (p. 28)
5. Certify the Hazard Assessment (p. 28)
Example completed forms (p. 29)

1. Do a walk through survey – identify sources of hazards: Walk through each
area of the work place and note the presence of any existing as well as potential
hazards. Also note general conditions in the area for hazards such as inadequate
lighting, noise, tripping hazards, forklift traffic, etc. Write down each hazard, where it
occurs, what causes it (hazard source), and the body part at risk on the Job Hazard
Analysis (JHA) form, which you can use to assess your PPE needs. At this step,
you are trying to gather as much information as you can.
(Note all observed hazards. Noisy environments or those that may require

respirators must be evaluated with appropriate test equipment to quantify the
exposure level when overexposure is suspected.)
a. Look at all steps of a job. Most jobs can be broken down into steps. List
each step in the first column of the form in order as you watch the employee
do the job. Be sure to record enough information to describe the step.
However, only break the job down into the number of steps that are useful for
identifying hazards and training employees. With practice you will get a
sense of how far to break the job down. Go over the job steps with the
employee. Ask the employee if there are any variations in the job that are
infrequently done and that you might have missed during your observation.
b. After you list all the job steps, go back and look at each step for hazards or
potential hazards, their sources, and the body parts at risk. List them in the
next three columns opposite the step. For purposes of the assessment,
assume that no personal protective equipment is being worn – even if the
worker is wearing what he/she needs to do the job safely at the time you do
the observation. Repeat this process until you are satisfied that all hazards
have been identified.
2. Analyze the Hazards: Use the Job Hazard Analysis Matrix to help you assign a
“Risk Priority Code” for each hazard to determine what actions you need to take for
the hazard. A matrix lets you evaluate two criteria (Severity and Probability in this
case) at the same time to get one rating for the combined relationship (the Risk
Priority Code). For each job task with a hazard source identified, discuss the hazard
25