TỪ VỰNG NGỮ NGHĨA HỌC EN11

Question

Answer

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the
……………………………. of a language

Vocabulary

Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we
say that most morphemes possess ................................................... we
imply mainly the root-morphemes in such words

Lexical
meaning

Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with
The
……………………………. of the vocabulary and the changes it has
development
undergone. Ex. In descriptive lexicology the words « to take « ,«to
adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from such native
words as « c According to the role they play in constructing words,
morphemes are subdivided into roots and affixeshild »,» foot «,» stone
« etc. But in historical lexicology they are treated as borrowed words.
Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations
(synonyms, antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)

Studies

Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups,

phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words

Relation/
Getting on/
Concerned

It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often
homonymous with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance
as ...............................................................................................................
......arising from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and
from its phonemic system on the other

It is one of the
most specific
features of the
English
language

A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its
It is always
meaning; if not, it is a bound form, so called because .............................. bound to
something else.
The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe 'form'+ eme. Linguists
to ...................................................or the minimum distinctive feature
have adopted the Greek suffix – eme. (Cf. phoneme, sememe). The
morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form

Denote the
smallest unit

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the …………………… of
language.

Research/
Technology/
Science

Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups,

Concerned


phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words
According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are
subdivided into roots and
affixes. ......................................................................................................
................................................. into prefixes, suffixes and infixes

The latter are
further
subdivided,
according to
their position

A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with..................

A given sound
pattern

...................................... But unlike a word it is not autonomous.

Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent parts of words, not
independently, although a word may consist of a single morpheme
Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study
of the grammatical …………………… of language

Structure

Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language
at a given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the
ultimate constituent element which remains .........................................
all functional and derivational affixes and does not admit any further
analysis

After the
removal of

It may be easily ............................

Observed

....................................that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and
the lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as
boyhood, boyish and others are very much the same
Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is
concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the
…………………………….. time

Present

A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound Some

or free. This statement should be taken with caution. It means
morphemes are
that .....................................................................................forming words capable of
without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free
forms
General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with
the study of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of
any particular language

Irrespective of

Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is

Present


concerned with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the
…………………………….. time
A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root
Modifying
and.............................................., cf. to hearten – to dishearten. It is only meaning
with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to distinguish one part of
speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n – asleep
Blending is also a new, trendy and ................................................which
“blends”, i.e. joins fragments of two or more words to create a new
form. The meaning is being retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually
retained so that the elements are recognisable.

Eye-catching
process

A suffix is a ..........................

Derivational
morpheme

.................................................. following the stem and forming a new
derivative in a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. – en,
– y, – less in hearten, hearty, heartless
The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very
specific. ......................................
...............................................by the widespread occurrence of
homonymy both among root morphemes and affixes
Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms...................................
........................................., it will be remembered, is not confined to
their respective position, suffixes being «fixed after» and prefixes
«fixed before» the stem. It also concerns their function and meaning

Its dependence
on distribution is
further enhanced

The difference
between suffixes
and prefixes

...................................................., some prefixes express the difference
between a transitive and an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v
t. With a few exceptions prefixes modify the stem for time (pre-t post-),
place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and remain semantically rather

independent of the stem

Preceding a verb
stem

................................................. ..may form noun plurals (the Germans);
genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd person singular (speaks); past tense
(worked); contracted forms (we´re); comparatives and superlatives
(bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking).

Inflectional
suffixes


If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component
of the word's lexical
meaning..................................................................................................,
the reason why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem
stands explained

By marking the
general class of
phenomena to
which the
referent of the
word belongs

A compound is a unit of vocabulary which ........................................

Consists of

...more than one lexical stem. The resulting compound functions as
a single item with specific meaning and grammar
Some English words can change their word class ................................
.............................. their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g.
a Mother) or as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or
inflections. Such change of a word class without any derivative means
is called conversion
Derivational suffixes ...................
................................... of the original word: they may change the word
class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes
forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated
compounds. Ablaut is a term defining ..............................

Without
changing their
form.

Effectively
modify the
meaning

Vowel change or
alternation

........................of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablautmotivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress
interjections
An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to
what part of speech it belongs. This holds

true ...............................................................i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives.
Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots capable of
producing new words, usually are

Even with
respect to
inflexible parts
of speech,

Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called
“portmanteau words” .....................

Which consist
of


........................... fragments of two or more words
Clipping is .....................................in English language which
“economises” words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst
preserves the original meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be
clipped:

A relatively new
trend

Lexicology is .................................. ....................................derivational
affixes, the other group being the domain of grammarians. The
derivational affixes in fact, as well as the whole problem of wordformation, form a boundary area between lexicology and grammar and
are therefore studied in both

Primarily
concerned with

An infix is ...................................

An affix

.....................................placed with in the word, like – n – in stand. The
type is not productive
Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements.
The major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or braindrain. Formation of .................... ..................compounds is a very
productive process excessively used in advertising or journalese style
and, consequently in everyday speech.

Rhymemotivated

..................................... related to parts of human body, clothing or
instruments people use. However, the meaning of the converted words
may vary from the meaning of the non-converted words. For example,
a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that hangs from the waist

Conversion
employing a vast
number of
words sai

If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component
of the word's lexical
meaning..................................................................................................,
the reason why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem

stands explained

By mark the
general class of
phenomena to
which the
referent of the
word belongs sai

Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements.
The major motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or braindrain. Formation of .................... ..................compounds is a very
productive process excessively used in advertising or journalese style
and, consequently in everyday speech.

-Rhymemotivating

................................distinguishes between the three closely connected
components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the linguistic

Referring

- Rhymemotivate sai


sign, 2) the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the referent, i.e.
the part or aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign refers

Approach sai

A metaphor is a figure of speech that refers to something as being the

same as another thing for rhetorical effect. It may
provide ................................... ................hidden similarities between
two ideas. Where a compares two items, a metaphor directly equates
them, and does not use "like" or "as" as does a simile.

Clarity or
identify

The basic principle of .....................is that words do not exist in
isolation. The meanings of words are defined through the sense
relations they have with other words

A structural
semantic
approach

It is easily observed that the sound form of the word is not
...................There is no inherent connection between the sound cluster
[d/\v] and the meaning of the word dove

Identified with
its meaning sai

Motivation denotes the relationship between .......................

The phonemic or
morphemic
composition

..........................................................

and structural pattern of the word on the one hand, and its meaning on
the other. Motivation can be of three types: morphological, phonetical
and sematic
..........................................exist in language and are reproduced in
speech as ready-made units, whereas free word groups or combinations
are created in speech every time we need them.

Set expressions

........................................... lexicography focuses on the design,
compilation, use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e.
dictionaries that are devoted to a (relatively restricted) set of linguistic
and factual elements of one or more specialist subject fields, e.g. .

Specializedl

General lexicography .....................

Focuses on the
design,
compilation

............................, use and evaluation of general dictionaries, i.e.
dictionaries that provide a description of the language in general use.
Such a dictionary is usually called a general dictionary or LGP
dictionary (Language for General Purpose).

In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms, Strictly speaking
characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and
remedies for it, ways of infection, etc. Though, .....................................,

it is with linguistic dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and


in our further consideration
Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order.
With non-alphabetic languages, it may be different. The order in a
dictionary with ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often
troublesome and ............................................. because each character
has different readings.

Controversial

Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed
meaning but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is,
their meaning cannot be ............................. ..................the meanings of
the constituent parts; the metaphor, on which the shift of m.eaning was
based, has lost its clarity and is obscure.

Deduced from

Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed
meaning, that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the
meanings of its constituent parts. They are ......................................or,
putting it another way, the meaning of the whole unit can be deduced
from the meanings of the constituent parts.

Motivated units

Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely
connected with lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the

form, meaning, usage and origin of vocabulary units — and
making ......................of each other’s achievements.

Use

61.

General sai

Metaphor : a figure of speech based on similarity (hidden comparison
between the object/ notion ............................................. denoted by the
word and the object/notion in question.).
Metaphor gives freshness and vivacity to speech.
62.
The modern approach to ................ the assumption that the inner form
of the word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of
the word

Semasiology is
based on

63. The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of meaning is called
semasiology. Meaning is a realization of a notion or a
motion....................definite language system.

/ By means of/
In means of

64. ................................distinguishes between the three closely
connected components with meaning, that is 1) the sound-form of the

Referential


linguistic sign, 2) the concept underlying this sound form and 3) the
referent, i.e. the part or aspect of reality to which the linguistic sign
refers

Approach

65. There are many different types of English dictionaries. First of all
they may all be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic and
linguistic. The two groups of .......................................differ essentially
in the choice of items included and in the sort of information given
about them

Reference
books

66. Phraseology is the study of set expressions called phraseological
units. These "set expressions are
..........................................................idiomatic and reproduced in speech
as ready- made units.

Completely or
partially

67. The .......................................is the meaning proper to the given
linguistic unit in all its forms and distributions.

lexicology
meaning sai

68. Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in
meaning.

Denoting

Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree,
tiger) have no antonyms. Usually adjectives denoting qualities,
verbs ............................. actions or state and abstract nouns have
antonyms
69. The .................................. .................go, goes, went, going, gone
word-forms
possess different grammatical meanings of tense, person, number, but in
each form they have one and the same semantic component denoting
'the process of movement'.
70. Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. ..........................
........................ that neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor
the new version provide for any objective criterion of similarity of
meaning.

It should be
pointed out

71. Nowadays there is no ............... of the meaning, or rather a
definition all the basic features of meaning and being simultaneously
time operational

Universally

accepted
definition

72. Morphological motivation implies a direct connection
between ...........

The morpheme
structure/ The
morphemic

.............................................. of the word and its lexical meaning. One-


morpheme words, e.g., sing, tell are non-motivated. The meaning of
words composed of more than one morpheme is the combined meaning
of the morphemes and the meaning of the structural pattern of the word
itself

structure/ The
morphological
structure

73. All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on
referential concepts of meaning. The best known referential model of
meaning is ................

The so-called
"basic triangle"

1/Lexicology is .................................. ....................................derivational affixes,

the other group being the domain of grammarians. The derivational affixes in fact,
as well as the whole problem of word-formation, form a boundary area between
lexicology and grammar and are therefore studied in both
Primarily concerned with

Because: The whole phrase is “to be concerned with ”.
2/A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated
compounds. Ablaut is a term defining ..............................
........................of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or tick-tock. Ablaut-motivated
compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress interjections
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
Vowel change or alternation

Because: This phrase can maintain the parallelism.
3/An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part
of speech it belongs. This holds true ...............................................................i.e.
nouns, verbs, adjectives. Not all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e.
roots capable of producing new words, usually are
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.


Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech,

The right preposition after the phrase “with respect ” is “to”.
4/If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the
word's lexical
meaning.................................................................................................., the reason
why suffixes are as a rule semantically fused with the stem stands explained

Chọn một câu trả lời:
a.
By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs

Because: After a preposition, there should be a gerund.
..................................... related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments
people use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the
meaning of the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s
garment that hangs from the waist
Chọn một câu trả lời:

b.
Conversion employs a vast number of words
Employs” is singularly conjugated with the subject “ conversion”.
1/Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that
most morphemes possess ................................................... we imply mainly the
root-morphemes in such words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lexical meaning .


Because :The right term in lexicology is “lexical meaning”
2/Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a
given stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the ultimate
constituent element which remains ......................................... all functional and
derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis
Chọn một câu trả lời:
b. After the removal of

3/The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe 'form'+ eme. Linguists
to ...................................................or the minimum distinctive feature have adopted
the Greek suffix – eme. (Cf. phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest
meaningful unit of form
Chọn một câu trả lời:
b. Denote the smallest unit

4/Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……………………………. of the
vocabulary and the changes it has undergone. Ex. In descriptive lexicology the
words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from
such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc. But in historical lexicology
they are treated as borrowed words.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
c. The development

Because there should be a noun after a preposition.
6/Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups,
phraseological units, and with morphemes which make up words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
b. Concerned

7/Some English words can change their word class ................................


.............................. their form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or
as verbs (to mother somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of
a word class without any derivative means is called conversion
Chọn một câu trả lời:
b.
Without changing their form.

8/An infix is ...................................
.....................................placed with in the word, like – n – in stand. The type is not
productive
a/ An affix

9/General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study
of vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any particular
language
d. Irrespective of

10/It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous
with the word. This fact is of fundamental importance
as .....................................................................................................................arising
from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic
system on the other
It is one of the most specific features of the English language
11/The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very
specific. ......................................
...............................................by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both
among root morphemes and affixes
a.
Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced


12/Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau
words” .....................
........................... fragments of two or more words
Which consist of
13/ Derivational suffixes ...................

................................... of the original word: they may change the word class,
specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes forming nouns,
verbs, adjectives and adverbs
Effectively modify the meaning
14/All major works on semantic theory have so far been based on referential
concepts of meaning. The best known referential model of meaning
is .................................
The so-called "basic triangle"
15/Nowadays there is no ............... of the meaning, or rather a definition all the
basic features of meaning and being simultaneously time operational
d.
Universally accepted definition
16/The branch of lexicology devoted to the study of meaning is called
semasiology. Meaning is a realization of a notion or a motion....................definite
language system.
a.
By means of
17/Phraseological unities are word-groups with a completely changed meaning,
that is, the meaning of the unit does not correspond to the meanings of its
constituent parts. They are ......................................or, putting it another way, the
meaning of the whole unit can be deduced from the meanings of the constituent
parts.
Motivated units
.18/............................................ lexicography focuses on the design, compilation,
use and evaluation of specialized dictionaries, i.e. dictionaries that are devoted to a


(relatively restricted) set of linguistic and factual elements of one or more
specialist subject fields, e.g. .
Specialized

19/Phraseological fusions are word-groups with a completely changed meaning
but, in contrast to the unities, they are demotivated, that is, their meaning cannot be
............................. ..................the meanings of the constituent parts; the metaphor,
on which the shift of m.eaning was based, has lost its clarity and is obscure.
Deduced from
20/In an encyclopaedia the entry influenza discloses the causes, symptoms,
characteristics and varieties of this disease, various treatments of and remedies for
it, ways of infection, etc. Though, ....................................., it is with linguistic
dictionaries that lexicology is closely connected and in our further consideration
Strictly speaking
21/Antonyms are words of the same part of speech, but opposite in meaning.
Many words, especially those denoting concrete objects (chair, tree, tiger) have no
antonyms. Usually adjectives denoting qualities, verbs ............................. actions
or state and abstract nouns have antonyms
Denoting
22/The definition of the meaning is especially
difficult ........................ ..................................the process by which language and
human consciousness serve to reflect the reality and adopt it to human needs
Due to the complexity of
23/The .................................. .................go, goes, went, going, gone possess
different grammatical meanings of tense, person, number, but in each form they
have one and the same semantic component denoting 'the process of movement'.
word-forms
24/The modern approach to ................ the assumption that the inner form of the
word presents a structure which is called the semantic structure of the word
Semasiology is based on
25/Criteria of synonymity is interchangeability. ..........................
........................ that neither the traditional definition of synonyms nor the new
version provide for any objective criterion of similarity of meaning.

It should be pointed out
26/ Lexicography, the science, of dictionary-compiling, is closely connected with
lexicology, both dealing with the same problems — the form, meaning, usage and
origin of vocabulary units — and making ......................of each other’s
achievements.
Use
27/There are many different types of English dictionaries. First of all they may all
be roughly divided into two groups — encyclopaedic and linguistic. The two
groups of .......................................differ essentially in the choice of items included
and in the sort of information given about them.
Reference books
28/ Dictionaries of alphabetic languages list words in alphabetical order. With nonalphabetic languages, it may be different. The order in a dictionary with
ideographic entries such as Chinese character is often troublesome
and ............................................. because each character has different readings.
Controversy

(đáp án sai)

Lexicology is a branch of linguistics, the …………………… of language.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Calculation
b. Research
c. Science Câu trả lời đúng
d. Technology
Lexicology also ……………………….. all kinds of semantic relations (synonyms,
antonyms etc) and semantic grouping (semantic fields)
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Learns

b. Does
c. Studies Câu trả lời đúng
d. Deal
A morpheme is also an association of a given meaning with………………..But
unlike a word it is not autonomous. Morphemes occur in speech only as constituent
parts of words, not independently, although a word may consist of a single
morpheme


Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A giving sound pattern
b. A given sound model
c. A given sound track
d. A given sound pattern Câu trả lời đúng
Roots-are main morphemic vehicles of a given idea in a given language at a given
stage of its development. A root may be also regarded as the ultimate constituent
element which remains ………………………………….. all functional and
derivational affixes and does not admit any further analysis
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. After the removal for
b. After the removal of Câu trả lời đúng
c. After the move of
d. After the removing of
Lexicology is a branch of linguistics which studies the …………………………….
of a language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Parts of speech
b. Vocabulary Câu trả lời đúng
c. Semantics
d. Grammar

The term morpheme is derived from Gr morphe ‘form’+ eme. Linguists to ……..or
the minimum distinctive feature have adopted the Greek suffix – eme. (Cf.
phoneme, sememe). The morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of form
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Denoting the smallest unit
b. Denotative the smallest unit
c. Denote the smallest unit Câu trả lời đúng
d. Denotation the smallest unit
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Denote the smallest unit
Because : This phrase is grammatically correct. It should be an infinitive.
It may be easily ……………that the lexical meaning of the word “ boy ” and the
lexical meaning of the root-morpheme boy — in such words as boyhood, boyish
and others are very much the same
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Observing


b. Observation
c. Observed Câu trả lời đúng
d. Observe
Many English words consist of a single root-morpheme, so when we say that most
morphemes possess …………………………………………… we imply mainly
the root-morphemes in such words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Lexical meaning . Câu trả lời đúng
b. Lexical meanness
c. Lexical means
d. Lexical meaningful
Phản hồi

The corect answer is: Lexical meaning Because :The right term in lexicology is
“lexical meaning”
A word is a minimum free form. A morpheme is said to be either bound or free.
This statement should be taken with caution. It means that ………………forming
words without adding other morphemes: that is, they are homonymous to free
forms
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Some morphemes are capable of Câu trả lời đúng
b. Some morphemes are capable for
c. Some morphemes are capable for
d. Some morphemes are capable about
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Some morphemes are capable of
Because: The whole structure is “ to be capable of doing smth ”
Grammar, which is inseparably bound up with Lexicology, is the study of the
grammatical …………………… of language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Results
b. Reasons
c. Structure Câu trả lời đúng
d. Causes
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Structure
Because: This word conveys the most suitable meanings


According to the role they play in constructing words, morphemes are subdivided
into roots and affixes. …………………into prefixes, suffixes and infixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The last are further subdivided, according to their position

b. The latest are further subdivided, according to their position
c. The later are further subdivided, according to their position
d. The latter are further subdivided, according to their position Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : The latter are further subdivided, according to their position
Because : “The latter “ is used to express the second thing of the two.
Historical or diachronic lexicology deals with ……………………………. of the
vocabulary and the changes it has undergone. Ex. In descriptive lexicology the
words « to take « ,«to adopt « are considered to be English not to be different from
such native words as « child »,» foot «,» stone « etc. But in historical lexicology
they are treated as borrowed words.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The developed
b. Develop
c. Developing
d. The development Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: The development
Because there should be a noun after a preposition.
A form is said to be free if it may stand alone without changing its meaning; if not,
it is a bound form, so called because …………………………
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is always bound to something else. Câu trả lời đúng
b. It is always bound by something else.
c. It is always bound for something else.
d. It is always bound with something else.
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: It is always bound to something else
Because: The whole structure should be “ to be bound to something ”
It will at once be noticed that the root in English is very often homonymous with

the word. This fact is of fundamental importance as ……………………..arising
from its general grammatical system on the one hand, and from its phonemic
system on the other


Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. It is one of the most specifiable features of the English language.
b. It is one of the most specific features of the English language Câu trả lời đúng
c. It is one of the most specification features of the English language
d. It is one of the most specified features of the English language
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : It is one of the most specific features of the English
language
Because: The right and meaningful adjective is “specific”.
Lexicology is …………………. with words, variable word-groups, phraseological
units, and with morphemes which make up words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Relation
b. Dealt
c. Concerned Câu trả lời đúng
d. Getting on
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Concerned
Because: the whole structure is “ to be concerned with ”
Descripitive lexicology studies the words at a synchronic aspect. It is concerned
with the vocabulary of a language as they exist at the ……………time
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Presented
b. Presentation
c. Present Câu trả lời đúng

d. Presenting
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Present
Because: this phrase is grammatically correct.
General Lexicology is part of General Linguistics; it is concerned with the study of
vocabulary ……………………… the specific features of any particular language
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Irrespective with
b. Irrespective for
c. Irrespective from
d. Irrespective of Câu trả lời đúng


Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Irrespective of
Because: the whole structure is ” irrespective of ”
An infix is ………………………….placed with in the word, like – n – in stand.
The type is not productive
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. An affixation
b. An affix Câu trả lời đúng
c. An affixational
d. A affix
An English word does not necessarily contain formatives indicating to what part of
speech it belongs. This holds true ………………i.e. nouns, verbs, adjectives. Not
all roots are free forms, but productive roots, i.e. roots capable of producing new
words, usually are
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech, Câu trả lời đúng
b. Even with respect about inflexible parts of speech,

c. Even with respect for inflexible parts of speech,
d. Even with respect of inflexible parts of speech,
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Even with respect to inflexible parts of speech
Because: The right preposition after the phrase “with respect ” is “to”.
A specific group of rhyme-motivated compounds are ablaut motivated compounds.
Ablaut is a term defining …………………..of two elements, e.g. zigzag; or ticktock. Ablaut-motivated compounds are used to imitate child-like speech or to stress
interjections
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Vowel changed or alternation
b. Vowel change or alternating
c. Vowel changing or alternation
d. Vowel change or alternation Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Vowel change or alternation


Because: This phrase can maintain the parallelism.
Clippings, blendings and acronyms are subclasses of so called “portmanteau
words” ………………..fragments of two or more words
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Which consist in
b.Which consist with
c. Which consist on
d. Which consist of Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Which consist of
Because the verb “consist” always goes with the preposition “of”.
…………..may form noun plurals (the Germans); genitive case (headmaster’s); 3rd
person singular (speaks); past tense (worked); contracted forms (we´re);

comparatives and superlatives (bigger; the biggest) or participles (speaking).
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Inflective suffixes
b. Inflectionally suffixes
c. Inflectional suffixes Câu trả lời đúng
d. Inflection suffixes
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Inflectional suffixes
Because: The the right form of the linguistic term is “ Inflectional suffixes ”
A prefix is a derivational morpheme standing before the root and……….., cf. to
hearten – to dishearten. It is only with verbs and statives that a prefix may serve to
distinguish one part of speech from another, like in earth n–unearth v, sleep n –
asleep
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Modifying meaning Câu trả lời đúng
b. Modifier
meaning
c. Modificative meaning


d. Modification meaning
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Modifying meaning
Because: There should be a gerund in the phrase.
Clipping is ……………………………….in English language which “economises”
words. Clipping “clips”, i.e. shortens lexemes whilst preserves the original
meaning. Basically, any part of the word may be clipped:
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. A relative new trend
b. A relation new trend

c. A related new trend
d. A relatively new trend Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : A relatively new trend
Because: The right word must be an adverb to modify the adjective new.
Rhyme-motivated compounds are usually composed of two elements. The major
motivating factor is the rhyme, e.g. flower-power; or brain-drain. Formation of
…………………………compounds is a very productive process excessively used
in advertising or journalese style and, consequently in everyday speech.
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Rhyme-motivating
b. Rhyme-motivate
c. Rhyme-motivated Câu trả lời đúng
d. Rhyme-motivation
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Rhyme-motivated
Because: “Rhyme-motivated ” is the right phrasal structure of a compound
adjective.
Blending is also a new, trendy and ……………………..which “blends”, i.e. joins
fragments of two or more words to create a new form. The meaning is being
retained. Enough of the lexeme is usually retained so that the elements are
recognisable.


Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Eye-caught
process
b. Eye-catched process
c. Eye-catch
process

d. Eye-catching process Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Eye-catching process
Because: The right phrase should be “eye-catching”.
…………………., some prefixes express the difference between a transitive and
an intransitive verb: stay v and outstay (smb) v t. With a few exceptions prefixes
modify the stem for time (pre-t post-), place (in-, ad-), negation (un-, dis-) and
remain semantically rather independent of the stem
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Preceding a verb stem Câu trả lời đúng
b. Precedence a verb stem
c. Precede a verb stem
d. To precede a verb stem
Phản hồi
The corect answer is: Preceding a verb stem
Because: This part of the sentence is a present participle.
………………….. related to parts of human body, clothing or instruments people
use. However, the meaning of the converted words may vary from the meaning of
the non-converted words. For example, a skirt denotes a woman’s garment that
hangs from the waist
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Conversion employing a vast number of words
b. Conversion employ a vast number of words
c. Conversion is employed a vast number of words
d. Conversion employs a vast number of words
Câu trả lời đúng


Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Conversion employs a vast number of word

Because: “ Employs” is singularly conjugated with the subject “ conversion”.
Derivational suffixes ……………….of the original word: they may change the
word class, specify the word or generalise it. Most scholars recognise suffixes
forming nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Effective modify the meaning
b. Effectively modify the meaning Câu trả lời đúng
c. Effection
modify the meaning
d. Effectiveness modify the meaning
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Effectively modify the meaning
Because: The verb should be modified by an adverb.
Unlike roots, affixes are always bound forms……………………………, it will be
remembered, is not confined to their respective position, suffixes being «fixed
after» and prefixes «fixed before» the stem. It also concerns their function and
meaning
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. The difference between suffixation and prefixes
b. The difference between suffixes and prefixation
c. The difference between suffixals and prefixes
d. The difference between suffixes and prefixes Câu trả lời đúng
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : The difference between suffixes and prefixes
Because: The nouns should go side by side in the same form.
The semantic realization of an English word is therefore very specific.
………………………………by the widespread occurrence of homonymy both
among root morphemes and affixes
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Its dependence onto distribution is further enhanced

b. Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced Câu trả lời đúng
c. Its dependence for distribution is further enhanced
d. Its dependence upon distribution is further enhanced
Phản hồi
The corect answer is : Its dependence on distribution is further enhanced
Because: The whole phrase should be “ dependence on “
Some English words can change their word class …………………………. their
form. Thus, they can function as nouns (e.g. a Mother) or as verbs (to mother
somebody) without any affixes or inflections. Such change of a word class without
any derivative means is called conversion
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. Without changing their form.
b. Without being changing their form.
c. Without any change their form.
d. Without being changed their form. Câu trả lời không đúng
If we realize that suffixes render the most general semantic component of the
word’s lexical meaning…………, the reason why suffixes are as a rule
semantically fused with the stem stands explained
Chọn một câu trả lời:
a. By mark the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs
b. By marked the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs
c. By marking the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs Câu trả lời đúng
d. By marker the general class of phenomena to which the referent of the word
belongs
Phản hồi

The corect answer is : By marking the general class of phenomena to which the
referent of the word belongs
Because: After a preposition, there should be a gerund.
A suffix is a ………………….following the stem and forming a new derivative in
a different part of speech or a different word class, cf. – en, – y, – less in hearten,
hearty, heartless