Programming language ( Tiếng Anh Chuyên Ngành CNTT) Thuyết trình Ngôn ngữ lập trình

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Lê Trường Giang
Trần Trung Anh 
Nguyễn Chí Dũng
Nguyễn Văn Linh

1



TABLE OF CONTENTS


Definition
• Programming language is any set of rules that
converts strings, or graphical program elements in
the case of visual programming languages, to
various kinds of machine code output
• In simple terms, programming languages are the
tools we use to write instructions for the computer to
follow


What are programming languages used for ?
• Application
Development – creation
of programs that perform
tasks
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)
– simulation of human

intelligence in machines


What are programming languages used for ?
• Database Development
– creation of databases
which store data
• Web Development – the
work involved in
developing a website for
the Internet


History Of Programming Language
1883: Ada Lovelace wrote the instructions for the Analytical Engine,
the first computer program
1949: Assembly Language
1952: Autocode, the first compiled computer programming language
1972: C language (developed by Dennis Ritchie), the first high-level
programming language
1991: Python (developed by Guido Van Rossum), a simplified
computer language
1995: PHP (developed by Rasmus Lerdorf) for Web Development
2000: Microsoft developed C# as a combination of C++ and Visual
Basic


500+
Is the number of programming languages
in the computer world

 


Classification



Programming Language Classification
Low abstraction

High abstraction

Low-level
Programming
Language
High-level
Programming
Language

1
3


Abstraction
1
4

▹ It refers to how detached or separated a
language is from the core computer concepts
and language
▹ Higher level language = More abstraction


High abstraction

Low abstraction

More abstraction = Less details


Low-level
Programming
Language


Low-level
Programming Language
▹ Very close to writing actual
machine instructions
▹ Provides little or no
abstraction
▹ Machine dependent

1
7

Machine Language
• Instructions in binary form
• Can be directly understood by
the computer without
translating


Assembly Language
•
•
•

Instructions using
symbolic/mnemonic codes in
English language
Between Machine language and
High-level languages
The Assembler converts the
assembly code into machine code


Assembler


Pros
▹ Very fast and efficient
▹ Complete control
▹ Great for OS/Firmware

Cons

▹ Hard to read, write, debug
▹ Machine dependent
▹ Not commonly used


High-level
Programming
Language


High-level
Programming Language
▹ Close to human languages
▹ Strong abstraction
▹ Highly compatible
→ Easy to use and understand

2
3


2
4


Compiler & Interpreter
▹ Compiler: Converts entire program into
Machine Code → Creates .exe file before
running
▹ Interpreter: Converts each line of code into

Machine Code → Does not create .exe file
before running