ĐAỎ NGỮ của câu điều KIỆN copy

ĐAỎ NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN
1.Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại I:
Cấu
trúc
:
Should
+
S
+
(not)
Vinf,
S
+
VD: If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis
2. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại II:
Cấu trúc:
Were + S +

O/st
(not) to V

Will

+Vinf

S + Would/Could + Vinf

VD:
- If I learnt Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian book
- If I were you, I would buy this car. => Were I you, I would buy this car
3. Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại III:

Cấu trúc: Had + S + (not) P2/Ved, S + Would have + P2/Ved
VD: If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard, he would have won the
match.
If not = Unless (Nếu khơng... thì...)
VD:
- Unless we start at once, we will be late = If we don't start at once, we will be late.
- Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams = If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams.
4. Đảo ngữ của câu điều kiện loại hỗn hợp (Mixed Conditional Sentence)
Đảo
ngữ
câu
loại
này
giống
đảo
ngữ
vế
If của
câu
điều
kiện
loại
III
Cấu
trúc: Had
+
S
+
(not)P2/Ved,
S

+
would/could
+
V
VD: If I hadn't told her about this, she wouldn't be sad now. => Had I not told her about this, she wouldn't be
sad now.
1. If you need some more money, take an extra 200.
...........................................................................................................
2. If I were your father, I would insist you practice harder.
...........................................................................................................
3. If my girlfriend calls, please let me know right away.
...........................................................................................................
4. If I had thought of the right words, I would have told them what I was thinking!
...........................................................................................................
5. If I were a rich kid, I would not have to worry about anything.
...........................................................................................................
6. If they run out of tickets, we will have to go to another theater.
...........................................................................................................
7. If you change your mind, let us know.
...........................................................................................................
8. If you had known my mom, you would have thought she was crazy too
...........................................................................................................
9. If you had heard her singing, you would have laughed too.
...........................................................................................................
10. If I were a celebrity, I could buy any bag I want.
...........................................................................................................
Công thức chung:
Câu điều kiện loại 2: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V
Câu điều kiện loại 3: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP
Câu điều kiện loại 2: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V

=> If it weren’t for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + V


=> If it weren’t for the fact that + S + V-ed, S + would/could/might/… + V
But for my tardiness, I could be offered the position I dreamt of.
(Nếu không vì sự chậm trễ của tơi, tơi đã có thể nhận được đề cử vào vị trí tơi hằng ao ước.)
=> If it weren’t for my tardiness, I could be offered the position I dreamt of.
=> If it weren’t for being tardy, I could be offered the position I dreamt of.
=> If it weren’t for the fact that I was tardy, I could be offered the position I dreamt of.
Câu điều kiện loại 3: But for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP
=> If it hadn’t been for + N/V-ing, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP
=> If it hadn’t been for the fact that + S + had VPP, S + would/could/might/… + have VPP
Ví dụ:
But for her mother’s advice, Susie could have married the wrong person.
(Nếu khơng có lời khun của mẹ cơ ấy, Susie đã có thể cưới nhầm người.)
=> If it hadn’t been for her mother’s advice, Susie could have married the wrong person.
=> If it hadn’t been for being advised by her mother, Susie could have married the wrong person.
=> If it hadn’t been for the fact that she was advised by her mother, Susie could have married the wrong
person.
CHUYÊN ĐỀ: PASSIVE VOICE
(THỂ BỊ ĐỘNG)
I. Cách chuyển từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
Active: Chủ động

S+V+O

Passive: Bị động

S + be* + P.P + by + O
(* be chia theo thì của V)

Ex: They are painting the house.
→ The house is being painted.
They had destroyed all the documents when we arrived.
→ All the documents had been destroyed when we arrived.
II. Thay đổi hình thức động từ cụ thể trong từng thì:
TENSES
Simple Present
Present continuous
Simple Past
Past continuous
Present Perfect
Past Perfect

ACTIVE
S + V1-s/es
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + V-ed /V2
S + was / were + V-ing
S + have / has + PP
S + had + PP

PASSIVE
S + am / is / are + PP
S + am / is / are + being + PP
S + was / were + PP
S + was / were + being + PP
S + have / has + been + PP
S + had + been + PP

Simple Future
Modal verbs

S + will + V1
can
may
must
S + have to + V1
should
used to
be going to

S + will + be + PP
can
may
must
S + have to + be + V3
should
used to
be going to

Ex:
1. John delivers the newspapers every morning.
The newspapers are delivered by John every morning.
2. My mother wrote that letter.
That letter was written by my mother.
3. They will build a new school here next month.
A new school will be built here next month.
4. He is asking me a lot of questions.

I am being asked a lot of questions.
5. She was doing her homework at that time.
Her homework was being done at that time.
6. My mother has made that cake.
That cake has been made by my mother.
7. They had prepared a party before we came.
A party had been prepared before we came.
8. Sue is going to write the book
The book is going to be written by Sue
9. You must finish this report
This report must be finished
NOTES: LƯU Ý:
1. Khi chủ ngữ và túc từ trong câu chủ động là đại từ, ta phải thay đổi cho phù hợp.
Ex: The teacher punished me.
 I was punished by the teacher.
2. Khi chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là: people, I, we, you, they, someone, somebody, everyone,
everybody, anybody…khi đổi sang bị động thường được bỏ đi
Ex: They built this bridge last year.
 This bridge was built last year (by them)
3. Khi trong câu chủ động có 2 túc từ thì dùng tức từ nào làm chủ ngữ cũng được, tuy nhiên, túc từ
chỉ người được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: My mother bought me a new shirt.
 I was bought a new shirt by my mother.
 A new shirt was bought for me by my mother.
4. Nếu chủ ngữ trong câu chủ động là Noone/ noboby khi đổi sang bị động ta bỏ by noone/ nobody
nhưng động từ phải đổi sang thể phủ định.
Ex: No one believes his story.
 His story isn’t believed.
5. Vị trí của trạng từ.
Trạng từ chỉ thể cách được đặt trứơc Past Participle.

Ex: I do my homework carefully.
 My homework is carefully done.
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian có thể đặt ở đầu câu hoặc sau by + O
Ex: I lent him money yesterday.
 He was lent money yesterday.
 Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn được đặt trước by + O
Ex: Mary bought the gift from that shop.
 the gift was bought from that shop by Mary.
III. MỘT SỐ DẠNG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG ĐẶC BIỆT:


1. Verbs of opinion (Động từ chỉ ý kiến): say, think, believe, know, report, consider, expect, feel, hope,
know, understand…
KINDS
Active

FORMS
S1

+

VS1

+

It

+ be V3/ ed

+

S2

+ be V3/ ed

+

that
that

+

S2

+

S2

+
+

VS2
VS2

Passive
to V(S2)
to have V3/ ed
Ex. People say that he is a famous doctor.
It is said that he is a famous doctor.
He is said to be a famous doctor.

People believe that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
It is believed that he drove through the town at 90 km an hour.
He is believed to have driven through the town at 90 km an hour.
2. Causative forms(Thể nhờ bảo): have, get
VERBS
Have
Get

KINDS
Active
Passive
Active
Passive

S
S
S
S

+
+
+
+

have
have
get
get

+O

+O
+O
+O

FORMS
(person) + Vo + O (thing)
(thing) + V3/ed
(person) + to V + O (thing)
(thing) + V3/ed

Ex:
1. I had him repair my bicycle yesterday.
I had my bicycle repaired yesterday.
2. I get her to make some coffee.
I get some coffee made.
3. Verbs of perception (Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, hear, watch, smell…
Active: S +see/ hear/ watch/ smell + O +Vo / V-ing
Passive: S + be + seen/ heard/ watched/smelt + to Vo/ V-ing.
Ex: They saw the man run away / They saw the man running away
 The man was seen to run away / The man was seen running away
4. Với động từ make/ let + O + bare - infinitive
Active: S + make + O + bare - infinitive
Passive: S + be + made + to - infinitive.
Ex: Teacher make the students do a lot of homework.
 Students are made to do a lot of homework.
Active: S + let + O + bare infinitive
Passive: S + be + allowed + to - infinitive.
Ex: She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
 Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon.
5. Với động từ: want/ need + to + V  want/need + V-ing/to be + V-ed/V3

Ex: He needs you to believe his ability.
 He needs to be believed his ability.
Ex: They need to repaint the house .
 The house needs repainting = The house needs to be repainted
6. Remember/ hate/ keep…+ someone + V-ing.


Ex: I remember my mother taking me to school on the first day.
 I remember being taken to school on the first day by my mother.
7. Imperative form (thể mệnh lệnh)
Active: Verb + object + adjunct
Passive: Let + object + be + past participle + adjunct.
Ex1: Keep your hand clean
 Let your hand be kept clean.
Ex2: Don’t talk the secret to her.
 Don’t let the secret be talked to her.
8. It is your duty to do something  You are supposed to do something (bổn phận của bạn là….)
Ex: It’s your duty to lock all the doors.
 You are supposed to lock all the doors.
EXERCISES
I. Change the following sentences into the passive voice.
1. They grow rice in tropical countries.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
2. Mr. Green loves his children very much.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
3. People don’t speak French here.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
4. Someone broke his windows last night.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
5. The police didn’t find the lost boy yesterday.

→ _______________________________________________________________________
6. About thirty million people are watching this live show now.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
7. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
8. Jack has typed the article recently.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
9. The police haven’t found the murderer yet.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
10. They were carrying the injured player off the field at that time.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
11. They had wrapped the package carefully before they posted it.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
12. Children should treat old men with respect.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
13. The computer can do all the accounts.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
14. They are going to build a new school.
→ ______________________________________________________________________
15. He isn’t going to buy that house.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
16. They will pull down that building
→ _______________________________________________________________________
17. The teacher won’t correct the exercises tomorrow.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
18. You have to keep dangerous chemicals in the safe place.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
19. Police had to break the meeting up.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
20. They may use that room for the classroom.

→ _______________________________________________________________________
21. You must wash your hands.
→ _______________________________________________________________________


22. They ought to knock down the old building.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
23. You needn’t type that report today.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
24. Nobody has used this room for ages.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
25. No one can solve that problem.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
26. No one told us the news.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
27. Paul didn’t tell me the ending of the story.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
28. The teacher will give her a prize if she works well.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
29. Her mother bought her a doll last week.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
30. The police found the robber in the forest yesterday.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
31. They made him work all day.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
32. People don’t make the children work hard.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
33. They let him meet her family last month.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
34. He won’t let you do that silly thing again.

→ ________________________________________________________________________
35. People saw him steal your car.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
36. I have heard her sing this song several times.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
37. The teacher is watching them work.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
38. Alice had a mechanic repair her car.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
39. Ellen got Marvin to type her paper.
→ ________________________________________________________________________
40. The hairdresser is cutting Mary’s hair now.
→ Mary is having her hair ___________________________________________________
→ Mary is having the hairdresser ______________________________________________
41. People know that English is an international language.
→ It is known _____________________________________________________________
→ English is known ________________________________________________________
42. They said that she won the competition.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
43. They reported that the President had suffered a heard attack.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
44. They need to clean the windows
→ _______________________________________________________________________
→ _______________________________________________________________________
45. I would like to give Mary a nice present.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
46. Our teacher wants us to prepare our lessons carefully.
→ _______________________________________________________________________

47. It is your duty to lock all the doors.
→ _______________________________________________________________________
48. He suggested selling the radio


→ _______________________________________________________________________
49. Open your book, please!
→ _______________________________________________________________________
50. They advised enlarging the garden
→ _______________________________________________________________________