Địa tầng holoxen và cấu trúc bãi triều hải phòng (holocene stratigraphy and the structure of intertidal flats in the hai phong coastal area) tài nguyên và môi trường biển

lRU G TAM KHOA Hoe Tlj NHIEN VA eONG NGHt Quae GIA

VI~N HAl DUONG HOC

TAl NGUYEN
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II.

,

A

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~UYEN T~P CAC CONG TRINH NGHIEN Cl1Uj

TAp VI

BAN BIEN

T~P:

Truong ban:

PGS,

rn«

T S. N guyen

H uy

Y et

T S. N guyen

V an

T ie n

T S. N guyen

D ue

c«

ky:

T S. N guyen

C hu

Cac thanh. uien:

T S . T ra n
TS. Luu

D ue
V an

T S. N guyen
TS.

NHA

XUAT

BAN
HA

KHOA

HOC

NOI -

1999

vA

Do

KY

C ong

Th~nh
D i~ u

H uu

co

Thung

THUAT

H bi


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M VC

LVC

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Trang

Lei gioi thieu

1-

3

L

Thanh
tich 40 na m hoat do n g khoa hoc - corig
d uon g hoc tai Hai Phcn g (1959 - 1999)

2,

Dan h g ia xu the' bien dQng mot so yeu to chat
yen bo mien B5.c Viet Na m

3,

Ham

n g he cua Ph an vien

Hai

5

N guy~n C liu R B i
hron g moi t rucug nude bien

19

Liru. V an D ieu, N guy& n C liu R B i

lucrig

mot so kim loai naug

nuoc vinh H9- Long (7/1998)

trong

N gu-yen

XUGn

Tuycn,

4

Hau qua moi trirorig do dan h bat ca bang hoa chat doc xyanua
thai san ho va ng ucn lei bao ug u Vl111g bien Bach Long V y

5,

Thu

hep

n guyen

khcrig

n h an quan

/~\
~;/ Dja tang
'7"

gian

N guy2n
vuug trieu

trorig

Du»

C u,

N guy2n

den he sinh

H uy Yet, N guy2n C liu R B i
Dang 10. mot tron g nhirng

cira song Bach

gay sa bci luorig

27

P h.am . V an Luong

VaG cang

N guy2n

de co

54

Hili Phorig
E H /c C u

Holoxen va can true bai trieu ven bo Hili Pho n g

Mot so' van

39

70
Trdn D ue: Thanh

ban

ve dia mdi truong

87

ven bo Viet N am
Trdn D lf'e: Thr;tnh

8,

Dac trun g hinh

bo Hai Phcrig
9,

Tram

tich

thai - dong
- Ha Long

h at min

luc va dinh

mall loang

16 trong

hucrig

co Sd dir lieu phuc

vu danh

trien

hen vung

vun g ven

98

D inh V an R uy
cac ce)t mau tharig dung d vinh B5.c Be) 106
N guy€n C h.u R B i, N guy2n Q uang Tu(i'n,

N guy~n

10. Noi dung
Nam

phat

V ii Tutin

va N glly~n

gia nhan h moi truong

N goc Truim g

doi bo bien

Vie t ,

117

T rtin Dinh. L dn

11, T6ng
yen

qu an tinh
hinh
nghien
cuu
be mien T'run g Viet Nam

12. Dia chat

moi truong trorig

danh

Uti nguyen

P h(pn

h in h righien

cuu rong

trong

tram

Q uang Tru ng, D ~ng
- co bien 6 Viet N am

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272

mo i truong

darn

ph a

126

N guyin

H icu

C i!

N guy€n

H iru C II

143

gia tac dong moi truorig

13.811 c6 mat phan hoa (Palynological
events)
Na m v a y n g h Ia dia tang cua chun g
14. Tinh

va

tich De tam d Vie;

152

v» K hdi, D 6 vte: R ie'u
169


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,

I

D ! A MLKJIHGFEDCBA
TANG HOLOXEN
VEN

BO

VA

CAU

TRUC

HAl PHONG

B A I T R IE U

(*)

T rdn

tJ{rc T h anh

M O DAU

1.

DiD.zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tang Holoxe n d mrdc ta eLl chtQc ughieu
d IU d nhieu
them

song,

them

bi~n va cac th auh

uh ien. dia tang
chi tiet.

Holoxe n va cau true

Hili Phcug
Day

Hong.

la nci co dien

trieu

rat cti~n liinh cho khu

c:J. dui ven bo suot

b a i viet

hi

nay

tich

Ca i den

hoc th iet

yeu

tr ieu rat

NgD. Sen.

rong.

ct~ xac djnh

uha u. Tuv

bien

Ke't qua

tdi :24 240hD..
ctQ leu v a tieu

ug hi en

tien

hca

bi~u

ctdi ven

bo Hai

cho

duoc

tr inh
true

d veu be. D ay cuug

d ai q ua n trong

xu the

cac b.ii

va cau

d IU

gap cho hi~u biet ve dia tang

cua ba i tr ieu - l1lQt. th~ d ia chat. luen
khoa

go'c khac

b aug.

t.iep gi ira ven bd clong b ac va ch au tho

vuug

se la IllQt dong

dong

ven bo con it d ucc ug hi eu ciru

co che ctQ uha t trieu

V 1JC

Moug

tich co nguon

cac bfi i trieu

na m d vi trf chnyen

song

bay trong

tao tram

vuug

10. co sf!

Phorig

trong

Ho1oxen.

2.

TAl

L I¢ U

V

Bai viet nay

;i

d
I
I

I,

/1

, I

J:

de ta i, trong
Phong".

A P H V O N (;
duoc dua tren

do q ua n trcug

SO' lieu

tlnrc

by. l l o ph a u dien
cong
d IU

trinh

chu dao.

Due Thanh
Nguyen

70

sau

PHAP

ket qua ctieu tra khao

nliat

10. coug triuh

te va ma u vat

140 mau

ph an tich

Ph an tich

c6 sinh

eto.

c6 sinh

duoc pliau

va D aG T'hi Mien th uc hien.

Bilo Kliauh

"Moi trucug

tlurc

liien.

Trung

mi m cua I1lQt sO'

dia chat

ven bo H5.i

d uoc th u th a p t ir 146 10 khoau

da o den dQ sa u 3m t.ren vuug

c!e'n 26m.

sit uhieu

trieu

- dia tang

v a hang
la phuo ng

tich gom cac nhcm

BO.o tir phan

10 do Nguyen

chuc
phup

t ao Silic

10 khoa n
ughieu
do Tr6.u

ho a do Din h Van Th uau

va

vi'! Nguven

Ci't

N enr

Huu


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V (l M M trutrng
bien. Trip VI

thuc

hieu

v a Th a n 111em clo Ling

dinh

tu6i

tr a m tfch

cac ng an bien.
deli cti,cong

eti tien

them

bien

Van

liauh

Ken

so sanh.

va cte cat bi§n.

bo. can ap dung

thuc.. hien.

lien ket cac th auh
Ngcai

cac phiroug

ho

D~

phap

tha m kliao

tro .. cho viec
tao tram

sir. Cau true cua bii i tr ieu duoc xe m xet dudi g6c dQ q uuu he khoug
lop tram

tfch co tu6i va ugucn

vi trf mat
('j

lop vdi muc nude

goc khac nhau,

trieu

sau (Om ha i eta), muc tr ie u trung

nhat.

truug

biuh

trf cua cac ki~u
et~ thay

mti t cat ducc

cuu, muc trieu thap nhat

g ian cua cac
va cao uha

ct~t trong

cac ddi heat

duoc mo'i q ua n h~ giira cau true

et{lng kien

b ai tr ieu vdi chuyen

t).

muc trieu

co gia tri Om ctQ

cao 1.9111 va muc trieu cao uhat

binh

tuve t

be day cua cluing va qu an h~ cua

liie n dai (thap

Vl111g uglrien

voi

c6 va lich

day .. cau true cua cac lop tQ.O b ai tr ieu diroc xem xet ttr muc ugang

thap nhat trd leu. Trong

tich

cac g ia tri tu6i

ph an tich t.ai lieu khao

xac

4m. Vi

tQ.O hien

ctQng kien

dai [2]
tao h ien

dai.

3.1. t)!a tung Holoxen

vimg ven bl)'

Viec ph an ch ia dia tang

d ctay chu yeu d ua theo cac den vi cd ban 10.

Holoxen

h~ tang H3.i Hung va h~ tang Thai Binh
tai lieu g£n ct5.y cua Ngo Quang
co ph au tich diuh lucug

phu,

cua Hoang

T'oan [11]. Tuy nhien.
goc tram

dudi ctay chu yeu rut r a tir ket qua ugh ien diu

(j

phia

nghien
3././.

toy

ua m

Do

dIU can han

Son

duoi

tfch th ucng

- giiia,

he tang

cat nho xarn

Hung
•

(Quang
Phan

rQng khap

Plnic

ngheo

(Q /II~)'

cli tich

g~p d Hai Phorig

Ninh),
g iua

chi

tich. Nh irug 1110ta dia t5.11g

thuoug

tfch Holoxen

co be clay 1 - 11m, truug

Vinh

vang,

etam luc dja chua

cuu nay

d phia clang bac

Do

chi 10 - 14m (hinh

1).

da t cten 30m

va

muc

etQ

h¢ {(i'II!: Ildi 111m !: (Q ,,/.1hlz)

• Ph an d udi (a, l Q lyl 2hh - a). day
tiep tren

pho ng

che.

Thi'JIlK Iloloxen

Tr£m

be clay tram

ughien

cac cQt khcan

ro ng ldn va be day Ho1oxen

trieu

co tham khao cac

do tai lieu c6 sinh

uen ket qua plian chia trong

tiet hen va co met so khac b ie t ve uguon

Son, noi c6 vung

Ky [5.6].

1Q tr eu mat va phu

bo han che. Tram

vat,

nhuug

(n1b, In Q lyl zhh - b), day

tich aluvi

g(tp dudi dao Cat
g~p d phau

gom cat bet xarn phdt vaug

va go m hai ki~u nguon

9m, gom ba phan:

1.5 - 3m. khoug

phan

sinh

binh

Hai.

Tram

g iap ke thuoc

1\IC chua

song
tich

h uyen

t.ruc
gem
ho
'Yen

tao Silic 1\IC dia.

0,5 - Gm, trung

binh

3m, ph6

bien

goe. 'I'ra m tich ctam lay bi~n gom set bo t. bo t.
/1

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M oi truong bien, Tap VI

C ot dia tang t6ng hap

'\

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1

Ky

C ot

hieu

dia tang

B e day

Dac d i b n t r im t f c h v h d i tfcb s i n h v~t

(111)

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:1

IV 3 (b-c)

14- Tram tich song - bien (am
set. m au nau, nau xarn

khong phan chia, gam

13- Tram lich he - dam lay (/b

Iv

3

set bot, bot
gem set,

/b-c).

set bot, m all xarn den, nhao. 12- Tram tfch dam lay - bien

IV

(bm

3

(b-c).

gem set bot, m au xarn nau, Ilm nhieu rnun hU ll co, xac tm rc vat ngap m an.
11- Tram lich

,I

vun

'\

(m

vo sinh

Iv 3

/b-c).

IV 3 /b-c).

bien - song (m a
vat

bien,

thuoc

bai trieu

gem set, bot, m all
thap

hien dai.

cat thach anh, cat sinh vat vo voi, cuoi

xam

10- Tram

nau.
tich

Ilm
bien

set bot, bot m au

VOl,

xarn tro

9- Tram tich M im lay - bien (IJm IV 3 IIJ-/),

gem set, set bot deo quanh

m all

xarn xanh, chira tao sihc luc dia L1~1
the hen bien, qrau xac thuc vat, nqheo
Trung

16 va Than m em o 8- Tram lich

bien (m

Iv 3

tb-bv,

gem

cat nho rnau

xam yang, yang nhat. liln nhieu vun vo S inh vat Than rnern va S an ho

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7 _ Tram tich bien (m

.6 · .,- _ - _

gem bot, cat bot. m au xarn, xarn nau, chua

(b-a).

vo Than rnern bien, Trunq 16, tao S ilic bien.

:.- : - ] - - - -

i

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jd

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--

.

/----

1/

6- Tram tich he - dam lay (Ib IV "~
cac dang nguen'goc'llIc

C :: : :.

1 .--- ---j.--------

. I

II
\,il

q

--------- -- - -

If

gem set bot, rnau xarn. xarn den,

dia. 5- Tram tich song - bien (am

ke, chu yeu

IV '· 2

M -b).

qorn

set bot, bot, rnau xarn nau, deo.

N

-:-:-:-:-

.z::

hh-b),

long, liln rnun thuc vat chLta tao S ilic bien (10 m an) khonq dang

"7
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roo..

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- '- '
.-._ ._ .,

._ .-

- '-- ."- .
-.-.-

.-.-.

:.::~::--8
.0

a

- -

-

.

- .-4-

4- Tram tich

Vi'

x arn xanh

::~r':i-:~:
~
.- _ 1 " _ -

va

8-

phan

dam lay - bien (am IV ,· 2 hh-a). gem set, set

xarn den
hoa

thuc

bot,

rnau xarn,

liln nhieu tan tich thirc vat, chua nhie u tao S ilic bien
~at

nqap

m an

3- Tram tich bien (m IV '· 2 hh-a),

L1a d~ m u6i cao.

rat

hiem

gam cat bot rnau nau xarn. thuoc

- : - ': " I _ j _ - _

thap, cat nho, rnau xarn yang thuoc

5 t:= :r:::
~
---

voi, vun san he, Than m em o

bai cao, con gam tang,

Trunq

10.

bai trieu

cuoi, san, cat

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-.-)

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i

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2
2- Tram tich song - bien (am 111. vp).
gem set bot, bot, bot

oJ

-or' '1 . •

1 I

• !

_ /.

(m 111- 2vp),gem cat, sari, cuoi,

crura nhieu vun Than m em

I'

~ .."~ :.o ''.

y':;u

~

1:
•
I.

Ii

cat rnau vanq

loang 16, chira tao S ilic nLlG C ngot va phan hoa luc dia. 1- Tram

'> •.

Itt nb

1 . t> ja

tang tong

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hap

tr a m

uch bai tr ieu l lai Phung

tich bien

bien, giln

kat


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nguyen zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
I'd M 6i LrW }'II!; bien, Tap V I

cat

uot

deo

man

xa

xa

k inh

Hai Huug
tr uug

cat bet
bo rcng

vo Than

mat,

en

xauh

chua

nhieu

kh ap. khoug
Viuh

me m bien.

cat phu tr

tao

mat.

n eu cac them

plioug

va ugheo

hca

'I'ruug

ap

10.

th ap v a dudi

pliu tren

ph au th a p lie

gom cat hat

bien.

hoac

ug

trieu

t.ic h bien

Tram

vat

tlurc

tich

111em bi~ll

19 treu

Phuc.

cti g6c:

en

di

Ph an lion TVNM

g(tp nh ieu vo Than

ho ac tr e n h$ tbng

ch ua

6m lQ tr

cten. xa111

m

p11l1 tao Silic b ien.

Trtirn tich phan

tang
hat

m.

phong

cac thau

trieu.

-

au

(TVNM).

Trang

4

rn

de cat

uho.

bi~ll.

tram

tich

biuh

4m. go m h a i kieu

da

by

CO.O

m

bien

I ~
Q'onmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

.

IY

Phbn
uguon

tr en (lb,

goc: tram

bot long

uhao

ugheo
thap

tich

mau

Silic cliu yeu

Qlyl 2hh -

am .

ho dam

uguou

g6c luc dia.

song

phu

- bi~n

chu

yeu

(j

tay

hiern

true

mun

gQ.p daug

tiep

gom b9t. bet

tao n en be mat ctong bang
trong.

nhieu

phan

bfi th uc vat

bi~n.

khoug

cat b un. bun

muc ua t va tao

clnra

T'ruug

10 va

co be clay 3 - 6.5111. pha n b6 elm yeu (j cac khu trung

Chung

ctong b:ic Do Sen.
tich

Iby luc dja ven bi~n co tlianh

xa m, X:1l1l den chua

BO.o tir phan.

Tram

cL1Y 1 - 6.5111. tr uug

c).

tr en tram

ticli

set. m au xarn

na u, ugheo

cao 1.5 - 4m vien quanh

b:ic Do Sen.

ch ung

phu

ct6.m 16.y hi~n

ph an giua.

di tich

sinh

vat.

cac ctoi nui va na m sa u plua

tr en tra m tfch

ctam lay

b ien,

bi~u

n g uo n goc. Tram

tich

trieu

ph an gi ita.
3.1.2. T//(i'llg

Tram

/JO/(}Xe1l

tren, h¢ tdn g Ttuii H inh

tich co be day 1 - 10m. trung

(Q ,/Ih)

binh

3m. go m ba phau:
,

•
thap

Phan

dudi

va duoi

uhieu

Son.

t1.t

- a). gom

h ai p1W kieu

gom cat bdt. bet mau

me m bi~n.
plian.

v a phan

mau

phu

xa m. xa m uau.

tao Silic bien.

co be day 0.5 - 1.5m.

na m Do Sen.

tren

gom cat nho

phong

Chung

den 4 - 5m (j tay

ph au giira
bieu

trieu

vo Than

ugheo BO.o

(m Qly'l tb

h$ tbng
xa m, xam

khoug

Hai

Huug.

vang

tao

kh a phoug

trung

lQ tren

co khi xarn xanh,
b iuh

tich

bien,

cte cat bi~n

tich trieu

thap.

duoi trieu

• Phan

IH~n cac them

Thai

h~ tang

cua h~ tang

Hai Hung.

Thai

h~ cte cat bi~n

C:1 t. p111.1tr en tr~
Binh.

Tram

set deo q uauh

tich

chua

tich

lion. phan
trieu

ctam 15.y - bi~n

nhieu

ngi;tp l11Q.n (TVNM).

III

tre

cli tich TVNM

ng heo Trung

bfii b ien.

cat bien.

m tich
de cat

de cat bi~n

day 1 - 3m.

pliu tr en
tr en tram

goc. Trri m t.Ich bi~n day

bo' (j Pl11.l Long.

bo rcng

muc nat.

10 va Than

trn

hoac phu chcrn

nguon

tht{ p duoi trieu
phan

10 va

Binh.

g iira (m , brn, am Q,y'~tb - b). gom b a kieu

2 - 3m. thuoc
Trang

thuoc

phu tren

tuoug

cao 4 - 6m (j Nui Deo. Kien An. Do Son va Cat Ba. Chung
cat them

phu T'ruug

1.2m (j doug b ac Do

be mat.

Trbm

clnra

Cat

th uoc phan
khap

phong

Do Sen.
phu Phan

Hili.

Dinh

Vf1.

tha p h~ tang
gem

bot. bot

hca thuc vat

memo tao Silic luc di a uu the hen
73

5"33

-,-------


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nguyen I'('i Nfl;i trtrong bien, 'I'dI' V I

,
i:

bien. Tr~1ll tich clay 0.:3 - l m. trung binh O.(Ill. phu trim cac tram tich dam by
i'
- bien cua 11$tang Hai Huug. hone t.ren tram Hell tr ie u tha p. duoi trieu cua he
,IzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tang Thai Binh
co
lQ t.r
m:).t. Td 11l

bi~ll
bo
"

va

noi

Do

chu yeu d tay n a rn
l m, tram

phu treu

hoac treu tram
• Phan
:j

en

tich

Sou, t.ao ue n lap

be


-

ph

a

n

mat cua ch a u th6 hie u dai cao 0.5-

tfch gom bet, bet set nau, xam nau, ngheo di tich sinh vat. day 1 -

2m. Chung

I

cluing

tram

tich tr ieu tliap.

dudi trieu

cua h$ tang

Thai

Binh

tich song - bien cua he tang Hai Hung.

tren

(In, m a, am ,

bin . lb

Q,/t6

-

c).

gom tr a m tich nh ieu ngucn

goc

khac nhau:

bien. bien - song. song - bien. dam lay - bien. ho - clam. clay 0.1 -

0.5m.

chi 3 -

tha

m

4m

d

bfii

cac

ca

t. de cat bien. Tram t.ich p116 b ien

la

cac

lo

a

i

hat min nhu bun bo t. set bot. mau nfiu xa m. xa m den. xa m. nau tuy thee 10Q.i

/'
I

goc. Cac lo a i tram tich ph6 bien la: tram tich song - bien gom bo t. bot set

nguon

i
i

·
,.

mau

xa m

uau

clay 1 - 2m

tao

ueu

pha

treu trc m tich bien cua ph an thap

I

,
'I

n tre nhat

dong bang

cua

cha

u th6. ph u

lie tang.

Tram tich hon hop song - bien. (bm lay - bien tQ.Othnnh

ldp clay 0.1 - 0.9m

nam true tiep tr en tram tich dam lay - bien xa m xanh thuoc ph an g iua h~ tang.
co th auh ph an set, set. bo t. co xu the min clan len tren.

Chung
tram

tich song - bien. chuyen

Phan

duci 10.

d an leu treu la dam lay - bien. su chuyen

kh6 phfin biet b an g mau sac, dQ hat. nhuug

phan

biet

1'6

tiep

theo q u an xac tao

Silic[9] .

,.

I

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3.2.ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
T u { i i cac t r a m
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Thaug

tu6i tuorig doi cua cac tram tich Holoxen ven be Hai Pho ng duoc xac

lap tren cd Sd phau chia va lien he cac tudng tram tich ma nguon goc cua chuug
I'
I·

ducc xac diuh t6ng hQP t.heo cac tai lieu e6 sinh - dia mao. thanh
•

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:

chuyen

I,

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I

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I

qui Iuat ph an bo cua clning trim cac ddi kien true co dau hieu

do ug kieu tao khac nha u. Viec xac diuh thang

tu6i tucug

tich Holoxen ven bd Hai Phoug truce het dua van uhung

tiet cac nh6m

,t

en

ph an vat chat

tao Silic .. Than

tich San ho va than

me m. Trung

ct6i

tram

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10. Bao tit phan

hoa TVNM.

re TVNM. Nhirng ket qua pha n tich va ughien

cac eli

cuu chi tiet

11

tao Silie etii duoc trrnh bay trong cong bo gan day [9]. Tao Silic tro n g tram

:· 1I

Holoxen ducc ph an chi a tlianh

,I
J

bon plnrc he sinh thai.

tich

Phuc h~ h6 dfim luc dia

I

g~p trong phfin thap h~ tang Hai Hung. phuc h$;.:ctam lay bieli - bi~ll g(lp trong

,

phan giita he dng Hai Hung. Plurc he h6 ct5.m ven bien g(lp d tren he t5.ng Hai

,I
·
· ,

Hung va plurc he cua song ven be gQ.p trong he tang Thai Biuh. Ph uc h~ tliu tu
dHQCphan chi a bon quan xac theo thu tu tre dan (bang 1).

74


Toi nguyen lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDC
I'(l M rii truong bien, Tell' V I
·1

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y 1 -

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R1 (hai tr icu Cal l lai)

II

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(Ill )

Binh

11

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VI)

mo:

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o loni

I

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th.ii

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- Quan

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g6c

bien. phe) bien

('1

ph.in Ih;lP he lft,'lg Th.ii Hiuh.

x.ic III d.im );'iy hicu , ('r pl1(111 gi['ra he l{lng Thri i liinh.

- Qu.in x.ic II nguou

g
Ih6

ng{lp

tri~'~

ea~l,

Blnh.
- Qu.in

g;.IP

(1

phrin trc n h~ l{lng Th.i i

.
x.ic

I ngu<"in g6c

(Um I,'iy bicu

hicn

nay.

'

'oc xac

Ke't qua pha n tich B:J.o h t phan

chung

TVNM. Trung

It chat

cua ch uug trong

u hieu

bang 2, 3 va 4 cta gap ph an xac dinh

1

tram

ich chi
cac cli
chi tiet

im tich

1uc dia
p trong
ng H ni

. th It

ctoi cua tram

cac nnrc dia tang

tich it co tram

nghia tao thanh

la, Than, me m va su phan

tr a m tfch Holoxen
nguon

tich Holoxen

ducc trinh

goc thanh

bo

bay tren cue

tao va thaug

ven be ph ia b&c Viet Nam,

tu6i tucug
Chung co y

cac ldp danh dau va chi thi dieu kien sinh thai rat tot.

Dang clni Y d ria dong uarn cHo Cat Ba c6 cac ran sa n ho chet. h ien nay ma t
ran

cao 0.5 - 1m/ OmHD.

Hili Hung voi cac dang

ho nay duoc xep vao phan

T'Ich t.u san

ph6 bien P orites

xac cua cluing ciuig gQ.}J trong

tram

sp.

S P I"

tfch bai bien

G oreastrca

c6

clnru

gifta

he dug

sp .. A cropora
cac di v at van

sp ..
hOG

Tieu Ha Long d Cai Bee c6 tu6i CI1 la 6645± 60 ua m [7].

tu kjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

75


Rallg zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
2. PhanonmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
u(·; cac dang Bao \t'r phan TVNM Irong tr am rich l Inloxcn

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de

:.

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:,1

Trong b ai viet nay. t.hoi g ian Holoxen sdrn clucc
ughi 11 000 - 7 000 n a m
trirdc. Holoxen g iua 7 000 - 3 000 na m truce va Holoxen 111u9n 3 000 uam qua,
Mire tuoi tuye t deli cua cac thauh t.ao tram tich Holoxen ven be Hai Phoug ducc
dua

V aG

cac co

Sd sa u:

I
(

T'a i lieu
..

•

ri
i'

I!
t. ~

Ii

J
,I
) 1

!

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lich

s u: 7 600

ua m trrroc Iii uieu dai
uh at Clio.
. mu on
.

ctilo Cat Ba co 111(ltdi tich van hoa Hoa Binh. Cac di
chi van hoa Hoa Biuh bi ch im duoi bien d Cua Luc, do bien tien tr an v a o. Vao
6600 na m truce. ttng vdi uieu dai T'ien H:;J. Long d C6.i Bee la thoi g ian bi~n md
roug nh at. ctlY lui cu dan cua ue n van h6D nay khoi dao. Lop van hoa Trang
Kenh. irng vdi ph au tren he tang Hili Hung va na m true tiep tr e n tram tich
van

I

hh ao co'va

hoa Hoa Binh

da m Iay bien

[7], Treu

th uoc ph an gi ita 11$ tang

Hili H uug.

co n ien dai 340 is ± 100 ua m

den 3006 ± 90 ua m [3], Van h6D HQ.Long ngoai cac clilo ven bo don g bAc ung voi
phan tren Clio. h~ Ling H5.i Hung. tuy chua co gi6. tri C I~ uao uhun g duoc coi b
khoang
thuoc

4 000
van

3 000 n:1111 truce

[8], Di chi 111Qthuyen

hoa Dong Sou co t.u6i 2000

- 2300

Vi¢t Khe (Tht:1Y Nguyen)

ua m ung voi thci

ve

g ia n muon

nh at

Clio. phan th ap he tang Thai Binh. Cac tu lieu
mt tucng Le Cha n. tucug Dao
Quang {l5.m tr eu lie can cat c6 t.lnr hai c6 tu6i khoaug 2000 n a m . Tr a n Bach
76
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I'd tvlfii kjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJI
trtorng bien, I'dI' VI
= lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

lien quan (ten h~ con cat 3 d Cat Hai - Drnh Vfi. 'I'ran Bach
Dang ua m 1288 lien q u a n (tell moi trucng chau th6 tich t.u lop bun set xa m n a u
pluiu tr
he tang Thai Binh 115m tr
lop ctam lav
giira
ua m 938

Dang
Iliall

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d

en

Thai Binh).

he taug

vi
vi

e

lien

Lang

qua

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c6

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den h~ con cat 4

u

n

bien

m

xanh

(ph

ky

XIII - XV

(500

-

700

ua

an

;"0 e6

d Kie'n T'huy va cua Duong

the

vao

xa

m

tr

d T'ien

udc).

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77


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t.ri

lllO 'i lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tlty~t
cU '/i zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
co gici.t,.j t.h a m h h a o: ('j ven 1'10. dcug bAc

ct6ng b:1ng RAe Be,): Gi:l L<3c. H;1i Htillg
± 60 n a m va Qno.n

50 nn m [G]: Thee

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Hili Hung
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ieu

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e

va

cung

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an.

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('/I'III'III(1I'/I.\'

i

±

d C'It. Ba tuoi 3100 ± 80 na m [6]. (j ven bo

3 - 3.5m

Tr,'im lid l

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4195

g iua he

Hili Phoug co 5 lie cte cat co [ill . .t-le de cut c:6 2 co t.uoi 2000 -2300 ua m 1:1 so voi
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cat c6 1 cao 4 - Gin. ltng vdi phan gilta he tang

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7190

M
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Tai n lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
g uven I'ri M oi t nron g bien, Trip V I zyxwvutsrqponmlkjih

Tu nlnrug
drroi.

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tu6i cuoi Ho loxe n sdm

k ItOD. ng 7 000

:3 000

. h~

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t.ai lieu t.reu. r huv r~11g' (.1I(:)i Cl\C! he t.6ng
- d a u Holoxen

- 4 000 11:111l t r ucc . PhS II

g i ira: pki !

gilh.

1

t 1'(.'>11. cuoi

t.u6i Ho loxeu

guru.

Holox e n gi ira. khon ng '-l nO(J -

na In t.riroc .

H$ t.:lng Th a i Binh

co t.uoi ulnr sa u: ph a n d uci. duu

Holoxeu

muon.

kho:lltg

:1 000 - :2 000 n a m truce: ph611 giira , tr6111 t.ich song bi&n co tu6i gil-tc! Hcloxe n
ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
muon.
kho aug 2 000- 1 000 nii m t.r uoc vu tr~1.111 t.ich cL1.l1l by bipn co t.u(';i d:ill
UOl

-G III
.,

, ."",

gifta

195

Holoxen

be

I

Holoxen

muo n. khoaug

:3 000

- 1 000

n:1 III t

r uor:

pliun

reu.

t

t.uai ('uI)i

khoa ug ugh in na n : qua.MLKJIHGFEDCBA

muon.

V()I

3.3. Cac k ieu mat d t b ai tr ieu

t hrri
cua

Tuug t.rn m tich b.i i tr ieu h ie n du i d ven hd T-Lli Plionj; dircc xuc djuh t ir mrr«
OIllHD tr6 leu. Nlnrug trn n: tiel: ua y co lllQt. so' cL1C diem qun n t.roug: ch iu L1('
ctQllg tr uc tie'p cua

----,

ug am

lieu

~
,r,,1

t aug

I
plua

K ie'"u 1 (hiuh

(KTHD).

Be

1\1

MTTB)].

lll(lt.

:2.1): M(1t cat co tliauh

Nguyen.

b ac Thuy

M

1\1

nci bieu

tang

T'hai

biuh

a .4m.
-

Ch

iu

Lie ctQng niauh

me cu a ho.i t

Co sa u kieu mat

cAt

co

bun diu

Lop

Binh

-

h

tlnr

pluin giua

hien

plian

ch uyen

h~ t:lng

Viuh

pha n bci 6

Plnic.

do n g' nn ng trong

kien

ta o hie n dui

dci t.rieu C80. t.di 1 - Lo m [Iso voi nurc tr ieu tr u ng b iuh
c:it gOlll bon 16p. t.lieo t.lll( tu tll tr en xuoug clue: uhu sau:

I'vl

M

y.

-

111(1t.

- Ldp ma t. nguon

M

nga

Co nujc n ir.i«

ma t.

ra m tich d ddi tr ieu hie n dn i:

t

•

.t\'1

h3.ug

tr ie u

vat (c1i,ic b ie t 10.Tha n me m va TVNM).

do ng sinh
~

d6i tlieo

tliay

tuc

I

be

qU:.1 trinh tr ie u v a ciOllg ch a y tr ie u

cue

gac h ou licp

(am ,

bill

QIV"to

ib m Q IV·tO

ai.

he t.a ng T'hai Binh.

- 0).
duv

song

bi~n.

-

set. bet

c).

bo t set

ct6.m

tliucc

ph an tr e n h$

xa m ua u da y 0.2

ct6m

tr uug biuh

lay bien.

16.y bi~n

niau

xa

- 0.6111. tnmg

m

x

nh , t

a

huoc

0.8m.

M

- Lop tlnr b a. (nib

M

M
M

I
I

I
I

~J

~hh

- b).

bun

bo t set xa m. x a m

cten

day a.8m

ct6.m

l av

ph a n g iira he t6.ng H5i Hung.

bien.

M

Q IVI

- Lop tlur hi. (a

Q III"

-

L"}J).

bo t set

cleo q uanh

loa ng 16 thuoc

h$ t:lng

Vinh

Plll1c.
Ldp thir liai tram
bv

ua

m

cao

tr

en

MTTB. nlurug

chtdi
•

HHng.

Ki(/ll

2

ticli dam

."

MTTB. can be m(1t. lop bo'n th ufic
tr e n U"'HD.

(11i11h

pha n bo' d ria

dci trieu

lav bi~tl ua u xa m xauh

cao toi a.8m

2.2.

liiuh

2.3):

Mat

dt

c6 tinh
lie

c6 tlianh

t5.y hac Cat

Ba. nci b ieu hien

- l.:2m. Mat

dt

uaug

chi th i tb m Q:v tb
•

t.aug Viuh

phan
trong

cua

I

Phuc

11.$

KTHD.

ua

t6.ng

m

H:ii

Be

gOlll b a ldp:
'(9

TdikjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nguyen
Vel !VIM truong hie/I. Tap VI zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE

- ~ .in ndt,

(am , bm Q ,v~tb

ai. :.""" (! . '::h - hl. clay 0,5 - Lm , bun bet x a m xanh,
honmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- Lop thu

- Lop tlur ba. trnb,

vo

ke bot clnra

day 0,1 - Q,5m, bot set nau xa m.

- c),

~hh -

III Q IV I

Than me m bien.

Ldp cHim lay bi~n xa m xauh

• suu s

6) cL1Ytren 2m, xa m, th anh ph an bet set xen

bm Q ,v~tb

(h iuh 2.4 den hiuh

- 6

co be mat ua m cao t.ren MTTB .

2.8): Mat cAt gom cac lop

he tang

ClW.

Thai

Bin h, ph au bo ron g rfii d phia dong b5c Do Son (Cat H5.i, Dinh Vii , Vii Yen,
An H:1i). chu yeu d nlnrng noi bi§u hieu sut. ha

dong uam T'huy Nguyen,

,

r
,I

Ii

!I

II,I

KTHD, co be mjit dia liin h cao Q,3 - Q,8m. Mat cAt gom b a 16p:

:'

mat.

- L6p

- c), cL1Y 0,1

Q ,/t6

(am

a,9m,

-

truug

a,3m,

b inh

set bot uau

xa m.
- L6p thir hai.

-u.1

')1

trong

clay 0,6 - Lm, trung

- 6),

(6171, Q ,V''f6

a,8m, b un bot xa m

biuh

xauh.
- L6p thu b a. (m Q ,v·'t6

- a),

xa m uri u ch ua nh ieu cli t.ich

vo

day 1.2 - 1.5m, thauh

phan bo t., cat bot ma u

T'ha n me m bien. Ldp nay thuoug

tren lop dam by luc d ia ven bien ph an tr en he tang H5.i Hung
L6p darn lay biJn

xa m xanh b m Q I/tb

-

pliu true t.iep

(61 Q IV I 2hh -

c).

6 co be ma t ua m xap xi ug ang

MTTB.
,:1,

4 (hiuh 2.9 den hinh 2.10): Mat cAt chi go m cac lop thuoc ph an tr en

• Kii{u

"d

;:[

11$ taug Thai Binh, ph an bo d t5.y

110.111

Do Son, be mi;t t

C:lO

0,5

-

Lm, nci bi~1.1

:1

,i

:'\

'I
!I
:,j

hien trong sut ha KTHD, co lang dong boi tich den bu manh.

1,

gorn hui

lop:

- L6p mat.

1

i' .:

Mat d.t

mau

uau,

uau

ng ap t.rieu

xa

mau

nguon

- c),

goc song bien. gorn bun bo t set, set bot

xa m. day 0,3 - Lm. co khi den 1.5m, th uoc tudug b ai b oi c11a1.1
th6

C:lO.

- L6p dudi.

n110

(am Q ,v'tb

m.

(m a,

xa

m

dell MTTB, day 0,5

Q lv~t6

In

uau.

thuoc

- c),

bai

tuoug

vo

trieu

thap,

ph

an

bo tt'l muc trieu

th

ap

Th5.n mern bien. Dudi lop nay

la bun bot

2.11): Mat cAt. gem cac ldp thuoc he tang Thai

Biuh va co

-

2m, clnta

ng1.1on goc bi~n song, bi~n gom cat bot. cat

tucug dudi tr ieu .
•

KiC'll 5 (hiuh

lop cat bi~n na m d ph au tren mat cat, phan bo d cac bai cat bdn,
co thanh
- Lam.

80

doi cat. bien.

ph an luc ug uyeu d dong b5c va t.ay na m Do Son. be mat din lrinh coo 0
Mat dt

go m h a i 16p:


'fili

IIJ.:llye/lzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFE
1'([ /vI(ii Infli'll/: hii/Il. T(ip VI

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,
>.

rang

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mall

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- c).

gang

tr en
bieu
II

ha i

t

bo t

1.1

th6

K '-i~ .f
1. If. M al c i! b:;/phi~ rs, HoaflJ (h § u · Cat Hai
m

,~

5LM rT8

--

o

.

-

-

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--

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t. ca t

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~\
ab

AI

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cde-{

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e. R lJn san Ire clr{t-; I·be/"v'-

1:.1. Sit; b.Bot; c : C at; d· C u~i,

yo tU n
va

-De tll khanq

('0

n:

bi~ll.
en a

m ~;",S/In Iro;

10

r

l)

l l i nh

10. So'lri{u

Ill: SL

IVITT8

pjinchia;!J. fJ
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bd

dam

ti'p (j },W I1.
I11t!C

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2. Cac mat eat bai tr icu dac trung 11 vcn bi)' I lai Phong
81

51-f~


TllikjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nguye n I'll M oi Irm J1Zg bien, Top VIzyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

- Lap tr e n
t.r ie u). thanh

(m

- c). ng uon

Q ,/tb

gee bien

(th auh

t<;10do song

ho ac do dong

ph au cat nho xa m va ng. clay 0.5 - 3m. Hau het tr a m tich d g iaonmlkjihgfedcbaZ
i

ct0;;111da n g t.ich tu.

- Lap duoi

(In,

nia

gom cat bo

Q ,v"tb).

t. bot xa m uau, tucug trieu tliap

dudi tr ieu. co th~ thuoc ph au thnp. giua lioac ph an tr e n h~ tang Thai
theo vi tri cu the.
Ki~'u

6 (hi nh 2.12.

hiuh

2.13):

ua m dao Cat Ba. Mat them
- 4m / O"'HD. Mat dt

THAO

song.

song

yeu

d do ng

/ O'''HD. Ma t biii cat t.r en r<;111CO.O2.

goc ba i cat bien

va sinh

vat duoc

tich

tu clo

sa n ho. nguon

goc sinh

h9C. tu6i duoc xep vao ph a n
met.MLKJIHGFEDCBA

ran hang

co th~ thay

Hai

Hung

rang tha m gia van mat dt tram tich b a i
trr muc trieu thap uhat trd leu co cac 10<;1itr a n:

tinh

bien.

t uci W Pleixtoxen

(Q ill~L'P).

bo chu

LU ~ N

trie u ven b2:J Hai Phorig.
vat)

ho. phan

(m Q,v' "h l: - b). be clay eta voi tao

Hai Hung.

TlT ke t quii n eu tren.
t.ich a luvi

san

lap moug cat xe n cuo i. sa n soi.

- Lap duoi la da voi ran

~.

rau

ran cao 0 - 0.5m

- c). nguou

d av 1 - 3m. gom cac

giira he tang

dt

Biuh. tuy

go m hai lap co ban:

- L6p t.r e n (m Q ,/tb
soug.

Mat

h00C

dam

16.y bien,

muo n cho den
i

(Q,v 2hh)

va Thai

bien

(ctQng luc song.

h ie n Hay thuoc
Binh

(Q ,v1tb).

tliuy

cac h¢ t:1ng

Cac lap tram

tr ieu.

sinh

Vin h Ph uc

t.ich th uoc h$

tang Vinh Phuc tudug aluvi song va Hai Hung tudng dam lay bi~n chi co mat d
cac b ai tr ieu thuoc ddi naug trong KTHD d phia doug hAc Do Son [2]. Hau het
cac lop tram tieh Holoxen bfii trieu deu co nguon goc th anh t:;1.0trong dci tr ieu.
rat hiern cac ldp moug duoi t.rieu.
tao. cac lop tram tich trong cac ki~u 1 - 4 uu
the tich tu do doug luc trieu. kieu 5 clo dQng luc song va kieu 6 do sinh vat bien.
So ldp t<;10ueu bai trieu
tang va be day lap gia m d cac bfii tr ieu n a m tr en dci
V e uguou

gee do ng luc tlianh

ua ug KTHD.

So ldp tQ.O biii trieu

gia m va be day lap tang

d doi sut

h a KTHD.

Dac trung eho bai trieu ddi n5.ng KTHD la ki~u 1. 2 (gorn 4 ho(!.c 3 16p). Cho tdi
ct6i sut h a tay na111 Do Son l~ ki~ll 4 (chi gOlll 2 lap), Ki~u 5 dac tr un g cho nci co
dQng luc song. dong tr ieu manh va kieu G dQ.c truug cho vuug trieu r a n san ho d
dong na m Cat B ~. 'I'ap hQP cac kieu
goc. Nho m b at t.rie u vuug
bai trieu
vinh

ven be chau

cua song

th6 phia

l11Qt cat bai tr ieu t<;10uen cac 11116m ng uon
111nh pheu

gorn cac kieu

ta y na m Do Son gom cac kieu

et:lo dong na m Cat Ba ct(!.ctr uug boi kieu

6.

1. 2.

a

v a 5. nho m

4 va 5, Nhorn

yell


T iti nguyen

~

V i onmlkjihgfedcbaZYX

=

Trong

cac ki~u mat d.t 'u5.i trieu dong b£e Do Son thuoug xuat hien lop
tram tich dam lay - bi~n (bm Q ,v:Jtb - b) thuoc phan gifra h~ tang Thai Binh. D6
n l; zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
la cac tram tich bot set deo quanh mau xarn xauh clnra nhieu di tfch than. re
10.1
thuc vat ng ap man. Tram tich uay rat giong lop Dong Da. thuoc h~ tang Ha i
Hung d Ha NQi va Ian can. Trong khi do. ldp tram tich h~ tang Hai Hung cung

m~t d.t b ai tr ieu thucug lai la bot set mau xa m den co chua di tich thuc vat
ng ap man va Than me m bi~n (hinh 2.1. hinh 2.2). Lop tram tich mau xarn xanh
xu at h ie n nhu la met ldp dauh dau cho khu vue. (1 cac mat dt cau
true bai trieu ki~u 1 va 2 nam tren doi naug KTHD. lop nay na m tren MTTB
can d kieu 3 uarn tai vuug sut ha KTHD. ldp nay n a m dudi MTTB ch uug minh
cho qua trinh ug ap chim hien dai.
nett tren

.ng
02.

do

Oven

be Hai Phoug. tram tich thuoc h~ tang Hai Hung, tu6i Holoxen sdm -

- a) la cac tram
giua ducc ph an chia thanh ba ph an: ph an dudi (a. l Q lv'·2hh
tich aluvi va ho dam: phan giua (m b, lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
tri Q lv'-2hh
- b) gom cac tram tich etam lay
- bi~n va bien: phan tr en (lb, am Q lv'-2hh - c) gom cac tram tich ho - dflm va
song - bien. Tram tfch th uoc h~ tang Thai Binh cung ducc chia thanh ba phan:

till

~n.

:tC1i

phan duoi (m Q ,/tb
- a) gom cac tram tich bien: ph an giira (m , bm , am Q ,v:Jtb b) gom cac tram tich bien, da m lay - bien va song - bi~n; phan tr en (Q ,v:Jtb - c)
gorn tram tich co nhieu nguon goc kh ac nhau. Cau true cua cac bai trieu duoc
xern xet tir ngang muc trieu thap uhat trd leu ducc ph an thanh 6 k ieu. Ki~u 1
va 2 d~c tr ung cho cac ddi naug KTHD d etang b£c Do Son va trong cau true b ai
c6 mat cac lop tram tich thuoc h~ tang Vinh Phuc (a Q II,2U p) va Hai Hung. Ki~u
3 dac tr uug cho ddi sut h a KTHD dong bac Do Son va cau true bai gom clu bu
phau cua h~ tang Thai Blnh. Ki~u 4 etQ.ctr ung cho ddi sut ha manh KTHD tay
narn Do Son va cau true bai tr ieu chi gorn cac lop thuoc phan tren cua he t5.ng
Thai Biilh. Ki~u 6 dac tr uug cho uhurig nci dQng luc s6ng va dong chay manh
va tram tfch tao b ai trieu thuoc h~ tang Thai Binh. Cuoi cuug, ki~u 6 et~c trung
cho vuug trieu co ran san ho d dong narn dao Cat Ba.

D.

t6i
c6
S d ZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
.U

T A l L IE U

THAM

KHAo

1

1. l>~ng Van Bat,

1988.

M9t so ket qua ph an tfch tu6i tuyet doi d etong bang Ha N9i. Nhirug
hi~ll nidi ve kh ao c6 hoc 1988. tr. 11 - 12. Vien Khao c6. Ha N9i.

phat

83


· 'ilkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
truong hie;/. kjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Trip VI
-onmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
..

2. Nguyen

CAn v a

I

I

1994.

ri,

Hon t ctQllg dirt .gay h ie n da i vuug

Moi
3.

t

r uoug

Nguyen
Di

chi

T~p II.

bien.

Kim

Dung,

xucng

H:J.i hong - QU:111g Yell. T3i ug uven vn
- GO. NXB Kho~ hoc va Ky th uat.. H:1 N6i.

1.1' 64

1

199 O.

Tr a ug Kenh

(Ha i Phcng)

cr;

h a i Ian kh a i qu at. Kliao

qua

11(;>c.

So' 3. t.r. G 4 - 82.

4.

Dinh

Viin Huy va Tnln

Sir ph a t trien
Holoxeu

qua

cua

Dtic. Th::l.llh, 1994.

chrdng

ngh ien cuu

be d kh u vue

cte

C:1C lie

H5.i Phoug

Yell

t.roug

ca 1. cr;. Tn i n g uve n va Moi t.r ucug

bieJl.

T:lP II. 1.1'.61 - G6. NXI3 Khoa hoc va Ky thuat.
5.

Ho

a n g Ngo

do

din. chit t.)~le 1/200 (Jon ('t1l11t.o H5.i Phoug

t nr t.a i Cue DiD. chat Viet

1

Naill

king

V3 n huug

Nguyen

net

lich St'r p h.r

ldn cua

dt.

ky D¢ 1.1i. Tom

trong

luau

tr ieu

t

clia chit. mien

B5.c Vii>j

sy. t.r.1 - 20. H:\ NQi.

;111 p110 hell

KhAc. Sit, 1992.

Tl'(\n Dtrc Thanh,
D5.n lieu

ve

muo n d vuug
48 - 53. NXB

9.

Luu

am

MQt. vn i dac cti~lll cua tlioi ky qua ef9 t.rr van
Biuh. Kh:lo c6 hoc. So' 2. t.r. 1:3 - 17.

8.

- Na m Djnh.

Ho a n g ... go c Ky, 1989.
Dja

7.

Ha NQi.

c K y , 1978.

8<10 cao b a n

6.

- Qu5.llg

dot

hO:1 Sou Vi sang

van

h03

Ho.i

1991.
hn tliap

muc

nuoc

V30 cuui

Holoxen

ven bo dong bAc Viet Na m. Tn i nguven

guru

- cla u Holoxeu

V:1 Moi tr ucu g bien.

tr.

Klio a hoc V3 ky thua t.. H3 NQi.

Tnll1 Dtrc 'I'h an h, 1993.
r:

Cac

plnrc

he sinh

thai

tr ie u H5.i Phoug - Qll:J.llg
So' 1. tr. 34 - 40.
10. Tnl.l1 Dtic. Thanh,
Moi trrroug clia chit
tai Ho.i Phong.
i. i. N ~u QUang

S-l

5JT4

Toun

t.ao Si lic tD iatom cacv

trong

tram tich D$ t.ir viuu;

Yen. Tn p chi Khoa hoc. DQ.i hoc T611g ho p Ha Noi.

Nguyen

Chu Hai,

Nguytin

veil be Ha i Phoug.

Dtic.

el.t'

va nnk,

Luu t.rfr d Ph an vien

1993.

H5.i duoug

hoc

va n n k , 1993.

K10 cao d ia chit va tim kie m khoring

sa n n hom t.ai thn nh pho H5.i Phoug.

J~ 1/50 000. LItH t.r ir t.a i

Viet Naill.

ClIC

Dia chat

t.}1

'lai nguyen lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
wi M oi trtrong bien, Ta p V I onmlkjihgfedcbaZYX

1

zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
vaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
SUM M ARY

HOLOCENE
h9C.

STRATIGRAPHY

OF INTERTIDAL

FLATS

IN THE

AND

THE

STRUCTURE

HAIPHONG

COASTAL

AREA

Trail D ue Thanh

ong
..'

Based

ien.

the

all

paleontological

analysis

including

diatoms.

palynology

foraminifern
and

C I~

divided

and mollusks
aud combined with geomorphologocal.
archeological
age data. the Holocene stratigraphy
in the Haiphong Coastal
Area WOos

as following:

• Ha ihuug
- Lower

(Q,yl ~hh). early

Formation

(a, 1 Q,yl "lih

part

- Middle

part

- Upper

part

- a): alluvium

am

Holocene

age.

and lacustrine

m . Q,yl 2hh. - b): marine

tm b,

(lb,

- middle

- boggy

Q,yl "h.l: - c): lacustrine

sediments.

and

- boggy

marine
and

sediments.

alluvium

- marine

sediments.

• T'haibinh For ma tion (Q ,v"tb):
- Lower

part

- Middle
ell

tr.

- marine

?i.

.y

part

with

and arranged
•
2

Type

a Q"1 VP

age:

sediments.

part (m , bm , am Q ,y~tb - b): marine.

intertidal

of 6 types
.1g

- a): marine

Q ,y~tb

Holocene

boggy

- marine

and alluvium

sediments.

- Upper
The

(m

late

(n7., tria,

flat

am , b m , lb Q ,v'ltb

structure

the sediment
downward

considered

byers

which

- c): polyg euesis

from

the

sediments.

lowest

are different

tidal

in their

level

number

consists
and age

as follows:

1: 4 byers

/ am ,

b m . Q ,/tb

- c / b m . Q ,v"tb

- b / mb

Q ,yl,2hh

- b /

/

• Type

2: 3 layers

/ am , bin. Q ,v"tb

. c / b tn. Q ,y.ltb

- b / bm ,

• Type

3: 3 layers

/ am , b m . Q ,y~tb

. c / bni Q ,v"tb

- b / ni Q ,v"tb

• Type

4: :2 byers

/ am Q :/th

• Type

6: :2 layers

/

111

Q ,,/tb

. (' I m a, In Q ,y,ltb

ni Q

1/

2hh - b /

. a/

- ct

. c / m , m a Q ,/tbi

'5lT 5"

85


T(li nguyen

va M rii truong bien. Tdp V I

Types 1 and 2 are typical for the uplifting zones during the recent tectonic
period (RTP) in Northeast
Doscn Peninsular.
Type 3 is characteristic
of
subsiding zones during RTP in Northeast Doson. Type 4 is typical for the
violent subsiding zone in the Southwest Doson. Type 5 is indencative of the
areas where wave and tidal current dynamics is intensive' Type 6 is not.iced ill
the Southeast Catha Island where there exist fringing coral reefs.
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I

,

i

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1,.

I'

'I

'I'
;1
"

,

kjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

86