Tai biến địa chất và vấn đề quy hoạch – quản lý đô thị ven biển huế đà nẵng – hội an

CUC DIA CHAT VIET NAM
TONG CONG TY DAU Kid VIET NAM
H(')I DIA CHAT V~T NAM baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

'-

IHGFEDCBA

CHAT, KHOANG SAN
vA D I U KHi VIET N A M

O I.A

.

•


BAO C AO nO I

N G H ! K IIO A

,...~

T A l

B IE N

uoc

D !A

C H A T v te r

,..: '"

f)lA

TH~

N AM

,,/

C H A T

V A

V E N

B IE N

V A N
H U E

LAN

-

H A N O l, "

- 5 /1 0 /1 9 9 5

?

• .A
•.

D E

T H U /II,

271

IHGFEDCBA

" "

HO~CH - Q U A N L Y D O
N A N G
- baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
nor A N

Q U Y

DA

NGlIYEN DINI-I I-IOE*, NG~N
CAN" , NGllr'EN
CIIU JIO!"", mAN DOC THANH"", NGlJ'r'EN DOC
CU", NGtJYEN BOO CU*, TRAN DlNII LAN"WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGF

D?t

van de

Cac do thi ven bien tir l Iue der IT¢i An da diroc hlnh thanh tir lau: I Ioi An la mot
cang th i 1 0 0 tir the ky thir IV - V ; Hue ciing c6 lich sir 500-600 nam, Da Nang cling tra
thanh do thi tl1 each day gan 100 narn. Lich su xuai h ic n cac 06 thi nay tu ban dau phu
thuoc nhieu vao cac yeu t6 dia lei ur nhicn, trong s6 d6 nhirng uu the ur nhien ve giao
th o n g th u y v a cang b ie n dirng hang d a u ,
Qua trinh do th] h6a hien dai a nhirng trung tam dO thi san c6 nay la sir ke thira va
mo rong. Nhicu vung dat khong thuan loi cling diroc sir dung lam khu dan cir moi, mat
d¢ dan cir va cong trinh xay dung ngay cang cao, cac trung tam cong nghicp va dan cir
tao ra mot lirong chat thai ngay cang 1 0 0 hau nhir khong qua X U 1 9 va quy hoach quan
1 9 . Sir bung n6 dan s6 trong cac do thi dful den viec khaH~c tai nguyen qua mire tl! phuc
hoi cua cac khu vue xung quanh do thi gay suy thoai moi tnrong nghicm trong ... Trong
b6i canh d6 cac tai bien moi tnrong do cac qua trlnh dia dong lire ur nhicn tao ra hoan
toan c6 kha nang k h u e c h dai tac dong. Thier hai do chting gay ra trong cac do thi v6n
hlnh thanh va ph at tritn ur nhien la 1 0 0 hem rat nhieu Ian so voi thiet hai xay ra a cac
v u n g n o n g t h o n v a rirng mii.

-.

Nhfmg hi~u biet ve tai bien moi tnrong va van dung cluing vao cong tac quy hoach
va quan 1 9 d6 thi la van d e moi khong chi voi cac mroc dang phat trien ma rnoi voi toan
.the gioi. Thirc te d6 khicn cho chuong trlnh moi tnrong cua Lien hop qu6c (UNEP) phai
xay dung nhfrng van ban huang dful vice Slr dung cac s61i¢u ve danh gia dieu kien rnoi
tnrong vao linh vue quy hoach va quan 1 9 lanh th6 [6, 7 1 .
. N6i rieng cho dai ven bi~n mien trung Viet Nam, cac tai bien dia chat nhir IG, lut,
tnrot 1 0 ' dat, dong dat, nut dat, mroc dang, nhicm mam, sa boi luong lach ... da gay tac

hai dang k t . Tuy da c6 mot s6 cong trlnh khoa h9C de cap den cac InfNT~G
TAll3IEN
T A c H B 1 ~ T nay vc mot s6 khia canh, thuc te chira he c6 chuong trlnh nghien ciiu t6ng
th~ nao xem xct toan dien cac tai hien nhir nhfrng QuA TRINH TAl m(iN, la san pham
tong hop cua nhieu hlnh thai dong Il!Cnr nhien va nhan sinh, ma cac hien urong tai bien

• Truong Dai hoc T6ng hop l la Noi
•• Vicn Hili dirong hoc I Iili Phong


272

a thi xa
chi la mirebaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
d o virot qua nguong cua cac qua trlnh nay. Vi du tai bien ruroc dang RQPONMLKJIHGF
Hoi An lau nay va.n ,duqc hieu la do lU thoat khong kip vl Cira Dai bi boi nong va da co

y kien de xuat viec khoi thong Cira Dai, nhu sau day se trlnh bay van de thirc ra con
phirc tap hem: vai tro cua dong bi~n d9C bo, tac dong cua he thong
Cam Thanh,

sir hinh thanh

a

cac vom nang kien tao CI;lCbo

Gia, Thanh Quyt va Vinh Dien,

Sl;l'

d6 ngan man vung

vung ha luu cac song Vu

dang cao mire mroc bien, sir sut chlm kien tao vung

cira song da thoat khoi boi tu hang nam.,

cling gap phan khong nho tao fa tai bien ruroc

dang WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a Hoi An.
Trong khuon kh6 s6 ieu It oi tfch lily duoc moi day ve cac tai bien dia chat deli yen
bien Ilue - Hoi An, cac tac gia hy vong se thu hut duoc su' chii y cua cac nha quan ly
lanh th6 cling nhir cua cac nha khoa h9C ve vai tro cua tai bien moi tnrong

trong quan

ly

va quy hoach do thi khu vue Hue - Hoi An noi rieng va mien Trung noi chung.
1. Tac d(mg cua su dang cao muc mroc bi~n
.r

Mire mroc bien dang cao khong
bien d¢ 0,2m/100
cang tang.

ngirng trong

100 nam qua (toe dQ 1,0-2,Omm/nam,

nam), trong thai gian toi toe dQ dang cao rmrc mroc dai dtrong ngay

Dir bao den nam 2030

nhfing tinh toan la l-2m);

mroc bi~n se dang cao them

den 20S0 se dang cao them

0,5-1,Sm

tir 0,2 den O,Sm (co
/8,9,

11/. Jelgersma

(1986) tfnh toan ding; do su am len toan cau nho hicu irng nha kinh cong img voi viec
trai dat dong thai
mroc dai dirong
Greenl'and

t ic n

vao thai ky khi hau nong lcn, khien

am len va gian

nO', cung

voi sir tan dan bang

nhirng

ha trcn

cling du pha huy het cac bai bien rong 20-60m

nam toi,

day

va Nam Cue ma mire mroc dai dtrong sc phai dang cao kha nhanh;

den nam 2100 mire ruroc dai dirong se dang cao 0,S-3,Sm,
0,3m

cho trong

Alpes.

theo ong,

chi can mire bien dang len

(luu y ding cac bai bien mien

Trung dcu rat h9P, thirong durri 20m). Su tan cua lap bang Nam cue trong vong 3 den S
the

ky

nira se lam mire mroc dai dirong dang lcn them 6m nfra [21.

Tac dong moi tnrong

cua su' dang cao mire mroc bi6n

a

mien Trung diroc tang cirong

do hicn urong mroc dang nho' bao: ven bien mien Trung khi co bao gap luc tricu cuong
mroc co th~ dang cao 2,2S den 3,23m

[1].

Khong phai toan bo dai ven bien mien Trung

deuphan

irng tnroc

hicn urong mroc

dang nhir nhau. Do cau tnic khoi tang, nen da g6c diroc chia thanh nhicu khoi

1 6 '1 1

m6i khoi co bi~u hien nang hay sut khac nhau. Voi cac khoi nang co t6c d¢

hem hay

bang t6c d¢ nang cua rmrc mroc bien, throng
khoi sut ha, hien urong bien Ian, xoi lo, nhiem

bo bien sc rat 6n dinh. Tuy nhien

a

vung

C~m Thanh

nho,

a cac

man va ngap lut sc diroc tang cuong.

dai ven bien Hue - Hoi An, cac khoi clang sut ha gom Dam C a u llai,
Cam Thanh.

1 6 '1 1

a

Vung Da Nang va

(phfa dong Hoi An), t6c d0 sut ha nrong

d6i trong

vong vai ngan nam tro' lai la 0,3mm/nam.
Nl10C dang do bao va su dang cao mire mroc bithap yen bien Hue - Da Nang,

hien tirong ngap lut se xay ra ngay cang thtrong

(H.1). Neu cac vung dat thap nay lai diroc quy hoach cho cong nghiep
chat thai se Ian toa trong nhirng

ky

ngap ung gay 6 nhiem

sin~ thai ven bien den rmrc rat kho khoi phuc .

.:

"

moi tnrong,

xuyen

hoac dinh Cl1, cac

tieu diet cac he


273

2. Hoat dong dirt gay hien dai va cac tai bien lien quan
Thach quyen khu vue Hue - Hoi An co lich sir dia chat lau dai, bi nhieu he thong dUt
gay WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
( d i g ) 1 6 '1 1 nho chia cat. Cac he thong

he

d ig

song Cira Dai, h¢

song Cu DC he

d ig

chu yeu dang heat dong gorn h¢

d ig

song Tiiy Loan, he

d ig

song HGu Trach va mot s6 khac (H.1). G9i la he

d ig

d ig

d ig

I Iue,

Ta Trach, he

d ig

VI thuc ra rn6i he gom mot chum

dUt gay chay gan song song voi nhau tao thanh mot doi pha huy co chung lich sir, xu6ng
sau trong vo trai dat cac dUt gay trong cung h¢ nhap lai thanh rn¢t dUt gay duy nhal.
Cac he

d ig

chu yeu

trong khu vue

va la nhtrng doi co tiem nang

gay

deu

la cac d6'i xung yeu, tai

hoat dong

n h ie u

IAn

tai bien.RQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

2 .J . T a i b ie n d o n g d e ft

Khoa h9C hien dai da chimg rninh rang trong

cac kh6i luc dia cimg ran, da phan

dong dA't sinh ra do str dich tnrot d9C theo cac drit gay.
?

(j

•

>

khu vue yen bien Hue - Hoi An, tai lieu dong dA't cling xac nhan quy luat nay. Cac

chan tieu ghi diroc lien quan voi cac he dig Hue, he dig Pho Trach va he dig song Cu
De. Mac du nang hrong chan ticu khong
(h<20km)

nen rA't co kha nang

dA't thap yen bien co nhieu
chimg

(Mrnax

1 6 '1 1

ra cac dong dA't co chan

gay

dien tfch la cac lagoon

2-3rn (vung Thuy Thanh

<5) nhirng d¢ sau chan tieu nong

- Thuy

khuech

(1°)

1 6 '1 1 .

Mat khac, vung

c6 hien da bi vui IA'p diroi mat dA't

a Hue, vung d9C cac song Vinh Dicn va

Chau

song De Vong, vung tay bac Hoa Khanh a Da Nang)
min bao hoa mroc trong cac lagoon

cap

(I-1.1). Cac tram tich cat bot hat

c6 nay co kha nang hoa long khi chan dong,

dai bien do va thoi gian dao dong

cua

song

dong

lam

dA't lcn nhieu fan. Nhir Ie thirong,

cac vung co tiem nang hoa long bao gia cling la doi co kha nang tai bien cao [2].
Dong dA't can co kha nang kfch dong tnrot la , cac vung nhay earn tnrot 1 a a Hue Da Nang lai kha ph6 bien.
2 .2

H O (}1

dong

In ,((1 1

La

/

Cac dUt gay hoat dong a khu vue dia hlnh cao cua Hue - Da Nang tao ra cac siren d6

la trong luc. Co the

th a y

rA't fa cac siren dUt gay a vung dco Hai Van, ban dao Son Tra,

doc song Cu De, phfa tay Boa Vang, d9C cac song Ta - HGu Trach a Hue ... (H.1).

Goc

6n dinh cua cac siron da g6c la 32-35°, hoat dong dUt gay da tao ra trong khu virc nhieu
siren dang tuyen d6c den 50-60°,

do la cac dai eo tiem nang tnrot 1 a nguy hiem. Hoat

dong cua con ngiroi nhir larn dirong 6 to, khai thac da, bat chan sucn dung cot dicn cao
the ... gop phan tang cuong

tfnh khong

6n dinh cua cac siron nay. M9i dich tnrot du la

rA't nho d9C theo cac siren dUt gay den dfu1 den tnrot la . Cac tnrot dA't a phfa dong mii
Phiroc Tuong va 0 0 D a u (Da Nang) deu x u a t hien trong b6i canh nhir vay.
2 .3 . T a i b ie n n ta d a t

NUt dA't hien dai diroc phat hien nhicu noi

H6, Thuy Chau, Phu Thuong,
Nang

(Dien

Thanh

a

Thira Thien - Hue (Bang Lang, Hirong

N¢i, dau ph6 Ilung

Ban). Mire do mit dA't thuoc

cap VII-VIII

Vuong,

mii Tuy Van) va Da

(gay hir hai nang

den mire tai

wvutsrqponmlk


N

-...J

.j...

i,IHGFEDCBA
R
IF
(
'I (

-,wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

.: : : : : : :

il'6· 40~

!!IN!!I. TAl BIEN DJAC!IAT k n u vtr: nlANI-IPH6

~

vA LANC~

I. Vung cf6i rnii da goc, hoat dong boc mon, nra troi, xarn thirc t6ng hop;
2. BOng bang h6i tu song bi~n gi6
nang bi tac dong cua hieu irng dang cao rmrc mroc bi~n

3. Vung d,it tha'p c6 kha

~. Vung nhay earn dong

dat

5. l3()i tu manh
6. DUt gay hoat dong:RQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a l Xac dinh tren da cimg
b/ Gia dinh dum

la p

phu tram tfch vun 00.

7. TAm dong etat

8. TAm mrt dat va phuong uu
9.
~

H ;~

o

~

•

I

! J t ...• . " ,

',I

l'"

••

•.

-,

1

I

:.7"1+<

th e

cua he khe nUt

nhicn

"
....

~

-,

4 l " . WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
<,

ti

1

)

1 -' - - - ~ ~!,! "

" I ,I ,I J

••

t.

tl!

).

."

',':.

I" - '_ - _ - - - r j~ i~ · ~ ':" - .- ;

J

ra/ / I
r / '1 > !

6 nhicrn phong xa

"

..

..

I'll c . . . i .

""if

,;,,~

I

't

*n~_~_ p"l

!

I "(

7

t

I

,

I

» \ . . . ..r\..:

c \_ \

~

,.

\e,.\~

.•.r,,<

'11.'\"\baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
" r \~ ',,> 'S t..t." C J I6 .1 2 N
IOS.IOE

275

bien). Dicu dang chiibaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
y la cac trung tam mrt da'tWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a Thira Thien - Hue dcu nam trung v6i
cac tuyen

gay duoc phat hien tren anh ve tinh.

dut

da phan cac khe mrt sinh ra do dich

th a y

khe mrt (thuat

ngif

d ia

chuycn

chat goi fa hai canh),

Nghicn

ctru chi tiel cac khc mit cho

ngiroc chicu nhau cua hai ben

ngang

phu hop voi qui luat diroc: xac dinh nho

phan tfch tnrong lire kien tao hien dai dang tac dong tren lanh thO Hue - Da Nang [3].
Truong

khe mrtRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a Dien Ban xuat hien a tam mot vom nang hien dai dang hoat dong

manh.
Tai lieu khoa h9C cho
hoac khong,

tnrong

th a y

hop khong

rang cac diit gay dich chuyen

kern theo dong dat diroc goi la sir tnrot em, co th~ gay

mrt dat. Ket. qua tinh toan cho thay bien d¢ dich chuyen

De la c a 700-800m

co th~ kern theo dong dat

va song Thu B6n la khoang

ngang d9C theo he

d ig

song Cu

1500m trong su6t ky D¢ tu [1].

Tai bien mrt dat tuy khong on tao nhimg cue ky nguy hiem; cluing co kha nang cat
va he

thong 6ng dful ruroc, dan dau, dful chat thai, cat pha h¢ thong

day cap thong tin

ngam: lam mat mroc trong cac ho chira, suy thoai de dap, tang cuong xoi lo, gay dO nha
. cira, lam giam gia tri dat dai va cac bat dong san, Ian toa 6 nhiern ... Cac khe mit a Hue
cat pha vao Ky Dai, Ng9 M6n va cac di tlch lich sir can gay t6n that nhieu hon ntra,
3. V~n dong nang
Nghien

Cl,IC

bl) dang vorn cat qua dong song

CUu dia dong hrc khu vue flue - Da Nang trong su6t lich sl'r Holocen

nhan su' xuat hicn va 16'11dan cua cac khoi nang cue bo cat ngang

da xac

mot s6 dong song

trong vung.
- Yom nang Hai Thanh
khong

du sire thoat

cat ngang

song 0 Lau, song 0 Lau

a

ch6 do bi that lai,

IG khien cho mot hrong mroc dang k€ cua song lam lay hoa vung

con cat Quang Dien.
- Cac vom nang An Hoa, Plui Yang, Thuy Thanh

gay cai bien manh

thuy van khu virc thanh pho Hue, ricng vom Thuy Thanh cat ngang

me he thong

song c6 Dai Giang,

hai mra song hien nay chay ve hai phfa, ngiroi ta phai dao kenh Phii (tam
song Hirong ve darn C a u HaL

Sv xuat

hien va tang tnrong

d€ dful mroc

cua vom Thiry Thanh

da tap

trung nang luong dong chay song Hirong vao vung cira song Hirong, gop phan tao ra lut

a ha hru song Hirong ciing nhir viec tr6 cira Thuan An thay cho cira Tu Bin.

-a

dong bang Quang Nam - Da Nang, vom nang Yen Ne xuat hien gan cho hop luu

cua song Yen va song Tuy Loan; vom Nhon Th9 cat ngang

song Bau Xau lam hai mra,

mua kho moi mra chay ve mot phia, chi co mua mi.ra rnroc moi chay diroc ve phfa song

Han: vom Dien Ban cat doi dong song cO Cam Na - ha luu Vinh Dien khien

cho m6i

mra chay ve mot phia khac nhau (tnroc day v6n la mot dong song duy nhai d6 ve song
Ban). Narn 1822Minh

MC;iOgcho dao song Vmh Dien de thoat IG cho II¢i An. Cira song

Vinh Dien gan day co nguy CC/bi boi lap.
Cac vom nang Yen Ne, Nhon

Th9 va Dicn Ban chi la nhirng trung tam nang xuat

hicn trong vung nang hien dai giira song Thu B6n va song Han, khien

cho mroc song

Thu B6n vao mira lG chi co mot bo phan nho chay thoat vao song Ban, dong luc mroc


276wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

va boi tich cua cii he thong song Thu Bon tap trung vao cira song Thu B'L>ngay bien baZYXW
d o n g manh ve boi xoi.

Lich sir dia chat vung song Thu Bon cho th a y tir dau cong nguyen cho den t~ the' ky
XVII, song Cira D~ (phan ha hru song Thu 136n) vfuI la mot cira song hlnh pheu mroc
sau [8]; cac song nho phan luu tir song Thu B'L>nsang song Han (song Yen, song Thanh
Quyt, song BAu S a u , song Cfun Nam - ha hru Vinh Dien) da co thai la nhirng dong song

1 6 '1 1 phan l~ cho Hoi An. R6 rang hoat dong nang cue b¢ dang vorn WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB
a vung dgt giira song
Thu B'L>nva song Han da dfuI d6n sir boi xoi bat thirong vung cira song Thu Bon, gop
phan dang ki vao tien trlnh suy thoai cang Hoi An va do thj II¢i An, dong thai tang
cuong t6c d¢ do thi hoa Da Nang.

* Qua trlnh hlnh thanh cac vom nang dia phuong v6n tir cluing khong phai hien
urong tai bien, VI cluing xay ra cham chap; tuy nhien cling nhir bgt err qua trlnh dong lire
noi sinh oM, cluing la qua trlnh khong th~ dao ngiroc diroc, la cac qua trlnh khong che
xu th€ phat trien cua Ianh th6 va quy dinh S,! tac dong cua cac qua trlnh khac. Chung tro
thanh hien nrong tai bien chi khi con ngiroi tac dong ngiroc chieu do chira nhan dien
diroc cluing hoac c6 y khong danh gia dung vai tro cua chung.
4 . D o n g b i~ n

doc

bo

va

t a i b ie n

sa

boi

luong lach

Mot vai tro quan trong cua bai bi~n la triet ticu nang lirong song, bao ve doi bo' khoi
hoat dong xoi mono D~ dat diroc vai tro do, bai bien phai thoai va du rong.

Bai bi~n mien Trung noi chung va Hue - Hoi An noi rieng hep va d o c , S6ng biin
thirong xuyen 1 6 '1 1 (cap III - cao O,9m: mua gio tay nam; cap VIII cao 3,5-4m: mua gio
dong bac), tac dong xuyen goc v6i bo ca trong hai mua gio. Dicu do khien cho phan 1 6 '1 1
nang luong song chuycn thanh dong yen boo
Dong yen bo Da Nang - Hoi An co toe d¢ vao mua gio tay nam la O,5-1m/s, rnua gio
dong bac: O,3-0,4m/s, 1 6 '1 1 hon t6c d¢ dong yen bo vinh Bac B¢ 5 I'A n vao mua gio ra y
nam va 2,5-3,5 Ian vao mua gio dong b a c , C h jn h VI th e b o bi~n mien Trung thirong phat
tri~n cac con cat d9C bo, kco dai n6i dao, bien nhieu thuy vue yen bo va cira song thanh
darn pha.
Mot tac dung cua dong d9C bo la lam xuat hicn cac doi cat, lam thu h9P cira song,
bien cac cira song mien Trung thanh dang "khuyet ao"; ur than qua trlnh nay chira phai
la tai bien, nhimg chinh no da lam t6c d¢ thoat lU cua song cham him lai; gop phan gay
ung lut vung cira song mien Trung, cac doi cat khep cira song lai hay thay d6i theo mua,
khien cho Iuong lach cling lien tuc thay d6i theo. Mot s6 dao n6i gan cira song Thu Bon
bi xoi la voi t6c.d¢ d6n l Jm/nam nhir dao Cam Nam, bo nam Cira Dai bi xoi mon voi
t6c d¢ 6-8m/nam. Nhieu bai boi moi diroc thanh tao.
Cling chfnh cac doi cat do dong d9C bo da nhieu ph en 19p kin cira Ttr Hien va boi
nong cang Da Nang. Vat lieu boi nong cang Da Nang chinh la boi tfch cua song Cu De
do dong d9C bo mua dong till xu6ng, cac ke luong da cuu diroc cang Da Nang, nhimg
dong thai lai gop phan boi nong vung bi~n bcn ngoai kc; d¢ sau cua vung bi~n Ian can


277

cang Tien Sa chi co I-2m, nhieu ch6 0,3-0,5m, co ch6 O,lm; khai niem ve mot cang Da
Nang mroc sau tren thuc te da khong can dung nira.
5. Cac nguon 6 nhlem phong xa tlJ nhien

Cac con cat co tuoi Holocen gitra - muon (chirng 5000-2000 nam tnroc) trai dill.theo WVUTSRQPON
b a blen tir Quang Tri den Hoi An chira nhieu than sa khoang nang, trang thanh phan sa

khoang ngoai ilmenit (quang titan), zircon can co monazit la loai khoang vat chira
nguyen t6 phong xa nhir thori, urani. Viec tham do danh giacac than sa khoang nay can
dang diroc tien hanh. Hien da biet nhimg tich tu dat ham hrong cong nghiep a V!I1h My,
Tir Hien, Vinh Phong (Thira Thien - Hue) va Cira Dai, Mire d¢ phong xa cua cac than sa
khoang vung Tu Hien, Vinh Phong th~t dang ngai: cirong d¢ phong xa co ch6 dat den
1400~R/h (cirong do 300~R/h tra len la cuong d¢ gay hai cho ngiroi), Bao cao cua
Doan dia ch~t 207 (1993) viet: "Trang qua trlnh nghien CUu a dai yen bien Phii Loc
1 6 '1 1 va tre em b] d] t~t nhir earn, dice, slit moi, than kinh ... ,
cluing toi thay nhieu nguo;baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
chung toi cho rang sir s6ng bi anh huang cua moi tnrong Cl nhiem phong xa den rmrc
kinh khung".

Hien chira co s6 lieu dieu tra ve Cl nhiern xa tren toan bo dai cat nay, nhimg dieu
.chilc chan yen bien Phti Loc khong phai la noi duy nh~t co bidu hicn o nhiem phong xa,
Nuoc con cat gan nhir la n g u o n mroc duy nhai c u a dan cir s6ng tren do. That dang ngai
la tnroc khi xuat 1¢ trang cac gieng, mroc ngam da phai di qua cac tfch tu phong xa,RQPONMLKJIHGF
Vinh Phong, den mroc thai sinh hoat cling bi nhiern xa .

a

•
T a i b ie n

d fa c h a t

va van de quy

hoecb

d o th f

Cac tai bien moi tnrong noi chung va tai bien dia ch~t noi rieng thoat nhln co th~
gi6ng nhau nhimg thtrong co nguon g6c phirc tap khong m a y khi nhu nhau. Nham giarn
bot thiet hai do tai b ie n gay ra can hieu r6 co che' cac qua trlnh tai bien de chon phirong
phap tac dong vao qua trlnh do, khong d~ cho no phat trien dat d~n ngirong moi tnrong.
Hue - Hoi An la mot vi du biroc dau lam r6 them co che' mot s6 qua trlnh va hien
nrong tai bien diroi goc d¢ Dia c h a t Moi tnrong. D~ hi6u r6 hon cac tai bien rnoi tnrong
dai yen bien mien Trung, tao co s a cho cong tac quy hoach va quan 19 do thi, can co
cang som cang t6t mot chuang trlnh dieu tra nghien ciru t6ng th~ ve tai bien thien nhien
trang do co tai bien dia c h a t. Ket qua can co cua chuang trlnh n g h ie n ciru nay la cac ban
do chi r6 cac vung nhay earn tai bien, it thuan loi cho phat tri~n va phirong hirong quy
hoach cac vung do.
Hay can qua sorn neu coi nhimg van de neu tren la du d6 hi~u r6 cac tai bien moi
tnrong a Hue - Hoi An, va cling can qua som d~ tir mot vai s6 lieu rnong manh do d~ De
xuat mot each voi va cac ke hoach quan 19 lanh th6. Tuy nhicn cling co th6 nhan xct
rang d6i voi vung nghien cuu, dai d~t thap cira song -ven bi6n va cac he dUt gay heat
dong la nhirng vung mang nhieu tai bien kho lirong. Lich su da d~ lai nhirng khu dan cir
toa lac ngay trcn chinh nhtrng vung tai bien nay, lich su cling cho th a y su suy tan cua do
thi c6 Hoi An, s\!'phat trien day kho khan cua Hue va thanh ph6 Da Nang mac du nhieu


278wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

mo hoi lao dong da d6 xu6ng manh dtft nay, mac du khong the phu nhan dtroc cac "tiem
nang" va loi the cho sir ph at tri~n WVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
a day.
Con ngiroibaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
v a thanh p h o khong th~ tr6n chay th ic n tai m a can thfch img voi cluing.
Tren cac dai dUt gay dang hoat dong va vung dtft thap cira song - ven bien, dill tranh
xay dung cac cong trlnh tao ra nhieu chat thai nguy hiem nhir cong nghiep loc dau, hoa

c h a t, thu6c trir sau, dien hat nhan ... Chat thai can diroc quan ly va xu ly chat. Nha cira
can thira va co kien tnic phu hop: cac dirong 6ng va cap ngam cling can co m~t dQ va
k€t cau hop ly. a cac vung dtft thap ven bien, heat dong quai de, dap dam nuoi lam cat
giam nguon cung cap boi tfch co the lam gia tang hieu img iing lut va nhiem man, do do
can khai thac a ty l¢ phu hop.
Tranh xay dung nha cira va khai thac v~t lieu xay dung a chan cac siren drit gay co
nguy co tnrot lc r.
Nhirng cong trlnh kien tnic quy da toa lac ngay tren d a i tai bien can c6 k6 hoach va
kinh phi gia c6 hoac tharn chi di chuycn. Co the thiet lap cac quy bao hi6m de chia
mong thiet hai cua vung c6 thien tai len mot cong dong Ian hon, lam cho nhfrng ngiroi
dinh cir trong vung tai bien khong hoang mang hoang 10';\ncling nhir c6 dieu kicn nhanh
chong 6n dinh cuoc s6ng va phuc hoi san x u a t.
Cling can c6 nhimg quy dinh ro ve vice cung cap thong tin d a y du cho nhimg ngiroi
mua b a t d o n g san v a d a u ur v6n v a o c a c v u n g c6 ticm nang tai b ie n .

de

quen tai bien VI
1)6 ket luan co the nhan manh them mot dicu la chi co con ngiroi
cluing thinh thoang rnoi xay ra: nhieu khi hang the he diroc s6ng trong thanh blnh
khong co thien tai dang k6; nhirng tai bien moi tnrong khong bao gio lang quen con
ngiroi. Theo su phat trien cua qua trlnh do thi hoa, tai bien moi twang dirong nhir ngay
cang tram trong, khong phai VI ur than chiing tra ncn manh lict hon ma chinh su thieu
hop ly trong k6 hoach phat tri~n cua xa hoi da Jam cac tai bien tro ncn tram trong.

VAN IHGFEDCBA
L lltU
1. 0 0 D1Nr1 KHOI, 1993. Ngap iing c r dong bang ven bien mien Trung. Khf urong thuy
van 8(392): 27-32.
2. JELGERSMA, s., 1986. A future sea-level rise: its impact on coastal lowlands. In

"Atlas of Urban geology" ESCAP, vol. 1: 61-81.
3. NGuvEN CAN. NGUYENDINII HOE, 1994. Recent faulting in coastal zone of Vietnam
and its relation to seismic activities. Proc. Inter. Symp. on seismotectonics
seismic hazards in Southeast Asia, Hanoi, P. 137-138.
4.

NGUYENCllU JIOI. TRAN m:t: TH~H,

sinh thai h~ darn pha Tam Giang Thira Thien Hu€, 1/1991: 32-39.

, .
"

NGlNEN m:t:
Cau

cu

1991..l)ieu

and

kien nr nhicn va

Hai va dam Lang C6. Thong tin KH va CN


279

5. NGUYENNGQC TJ-Jl)Y, 1990. KhI hau toan cau n6ng lcn va mire mroc bien dang cao.

Khi nrong thuy van, 10 (358): 13-16.
6.baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
U N E P , 1987. Environment
Guidelines

for Settlements

planning and Management,

Narobi, Kenya, v. II-III.
7.

1992. Coastal Systems Studies and Sustainable Development.
COMAR Interreg. Sci. Conf. Paris.

UNE~a,

Proc. of the

8. YO vAN Pl-iAI, f)~G vAN BAa, 1991. Dac di~m dia mao khu vue Hoi An va Ian can,
trong "1)6 thi c6 H¢i An", NXB KHXH, HaN¢i, tr. 87-100.IHGFEDCBA

SU M M A R Y

Geological hazards and urban planning - management in Hue - Danang c o e s te tr e q io n
HoianWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
In coastal region from Hue to lToi An - Central Vietnam - many types of natural and man - made
hazards such as earthquakes, earth fissures, landslides, floods, storm surges, deposition, radioactive
contamination etc. have been recorded for years. These hazards are commonly concentrated in coastal
lowland and along active fault systems. Hazardous data should be evaluated in urban management and

planning.

I •


B A a c A o RQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H l : ; 1 N C I I ! K I I O A H O C D ! A C H A 'T V I t I '

NAM

LAN

T H O I I I .I I A

baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHG
4 4 3 wvutsrqpon

N O I. 4 - 5 //0 /1 9 9 5

Ml)C Ll)C
1.

Uri noi dau
Thir ciia Chu tich mroc Cong hoa
C u i can bo, cong

nganh

D ia

nhdn

v ie n

c h a t V i¢ ( n a m

xa hoi

nganh

Chu nghia Vi¢t Nam

D ia c h a t n h d n d ip k y n ie m

Ia n th u 5 0 n g a y

th a n h

ld p

(2 /1 0 -1 9 0 1 5 - 2 //0 //9 9 5 )

Quyet dinh cua 139 tnrong B9 Cong nghiep Nang ve tang huy chuang "Vi su nghiep Dia
cMt

V ie r

Narn"

2.

TRAN DY. 50 narn xay dung va phat trien nganh Dia chat Viet Nam

7

3.

NGllYEN vAN DAC. Ket qua cong tac tham do GaU khf b Vi~t Nam

15

4.

TRAN vAN TRf, NGllYEN TAl ANH. Lich sir va hien trang hoat dong dia chat va khai
khoang Vi~t Nam

Dia

chat khu

,

27

vue

5.

PlTi\M KIM NGAN. LUJNG I-IC)NG1IU?C. Warn tfeh Cambri va Ordovic b Viet Nam

6.

T AIIOA PI-iUJNG.

NGl..l'iEN IIOD I-rUNG. NGlNEN Dlt

.41

KIIOA Nhfrng ket qua chinh

trong nghien ciru dia tang Devon b Viet Nam trong 35 nam qua (1960 - 1995)

59

7.

BOI PI-nJ MY. Dia fang cac tram tfch Jura b Viet Nam

69

8.

LY TRuJNG

PlIlONG.

Da tram tfeh Paleogcn

(oligocen)

be Nam Con San m6i lien

quan ciia chung tm tiem nang dau khf
9.

BOI MINH TAM.

83

PI-It\M DINH LONG. TO vAN TI-IlJ. TR1N£I XUAN nOA

lieu moi ve cac da phun trao va da mach vung Phon~Th6
10. TRAN Quae

JrUNG. Cac thanh tao magma

- Lai Chau

Mafic - sieu mafic

Nhfrng dan
,

89

Mien B3c Viet Nam

97

11. YO vAN vAN. TRAN TRQNG HOA. NGO HII PI-fU!NG. HOANG nOD TllANIl. TRAN

",'"

.•••

Ai

_

r.:.

."

,,\..

.

QUOC JIUNG. BUI AN NIEN. HOANG VJ~T BANG. Cac thanh tao magma xarn nhap a
kiem - kiem b tay B3c l39 va Truong San
12. NGt.JYEN vAN TIIU.\N. Hi

105

lieu moi ve cac thanh tao mii lira b mii Chu Prong

- Gia

Lai va cac khoang san lien quan
13. PI-IAN"TRUJNG

115

TI-II. Dia kh6i Indosinia trong chuydn dong Indosini b Dong Duong va

Bien Dong trong dai Tan sinh

121

14. PI-IAN TRQNG TR1NlI. NGt.JYEN TRONG YEM. R. LACASSIN. Ii
SC:HARER. P.
WINrER.

T a p p o n n ie r ,

Phung

Van

P hdch,

N guyen

H U I/g .

'pH. LELOUP •• u .

N guyen

Dang

T I4 c .

Th,

R. D. FINDLAY. Kien tao Kainozoi vung Tay B3c Viet Nam

: 137

15. NGUYEN TRONG YEM . GOUCHTCIIENKO OLEG. LE MINH o u o c , MOSIRYKOV
·iCWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
ALEXANDER. Truong irng suat va co che' bien dang cac cau true dia chat Mien B3c Viet
Nam trong giai doan Kainozoi (Theo ket qua nghien CUu dia chan va kien tao)

149

16. vAN DlX: CI-lUJNG. TRAN vAN THANG. NGlNEN PRO DUYEN. Vai tro ophiolit trong
qua trlnh tien hoa kien tao vo qua dat vung SOng Mii

161


444wvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
17. PHAN vAN QVYNIL VO NANG LAC. TRAN NGQC NAM. Mi?t s6 d~c diem kien tao

a lanh tM Viet Nam va cac vung phu can
bien dang paieozoi muon - kainozoiRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
18. TRAN baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
m £ Tf-L~IJ. TRAN DINH LAN. Vai tro cua cac yeu t6 dong lire ngoai sinh

a dai ven

voi qua trinh tram tich

tX 1

19. HoANG VANTHOC. Cau tnic u6n

LE

DOC ~.

TAy Vinh Bdc l3l?
nep

185

va dUt gay vung Bac Quang - Vinh Tuy

195

Mot s6 d~c di~m dia rnao Viet Nam

22. NGU'I'EN DOC TAM.
23. D~G

d6i

a Yi¢t Nam
201
Nhfrng dac di~m cua che' di? dong datWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

20. PIL\M VANTIIl)C.
21.

171

ban 06 dia chat d~ ttI Viet Nam ti

V I!

V..;'N. NGO

MAl TRQNG NIIU~.

Df,NG

1:500.000

219
229

QU/\l"lG TOAN. D~G

TRUNG

I~

a Viet Nam

vAN BAT. Mi?t s6 van ol! kainozoi

24. NGt.JYEN TllANH

205

TlIUAN. Df,NG

vAN DQI.

B iJ I

VAN THAY.

MAl. Cac kiEu vo phong hoa a

Mien Bac Viet NaITI
NGllYEN TRQNG Y1~M. ;rR~NH VICT n A c . VI! trang thai nhiet di?

25. DINII vAN ToAN.
thach quyen

233

vung triing Ha N6i thco

26. HOANG HOU QUY. Vai
vai cac nguon dia nhiet

net ve

ket

qua buoc oau nghien cuu rno hluh dia nhiet..

m6i Luong quan giiIa

cau

245

tnic dia chat magma kicn tao

a Mien Nam Trung Bo Viet Nam

257

Dia chat Moi truong
27. HO VUJNG BlNH.

LE

vAN IlIEN. D~G

I-lUYRAM. QUACH DOC TIN. PlIJ\M HUNG

THANH. NGl1YEN HLIY mep. NGlNEN BA LAP. Dia chaL moi truong vung d6 th! Da
Nang - 11i?iAn

265

nOE.

28. NGlJ'J'EN Door

NGt.JYEN CAN • NGt.JYEN CIIU JIOI. TRAN DOC TII..;\NI-L

NGlJ'J'EN DOC e lf. NGt..JYENr r u r

cu TRAN

DOOI LAN. Tai bien dia chat va van de

quy hoach - quan ly d6 thi veri biEn Hue - Da Nang - Hoi An
29. Bur HQC. Danh gia InlXCdi? ur bao ve ciia cac fang chtia mroc trong
dong bang Bac ~

271
tram

tich De? III

a

bang phuong phap lriti

281

30. NGUYEN BA NG..;'N. NGU'I'EN TAl THINI1. LA THANH LONG. NGV'fEN THE HUNG.
KCt qua dieu tra danh gia hien trang birc xa ur nhien rnoi tnroug mot s6 d6 thi Viet Nam
31. NGt.JYENTUAN PllONG. Phong birc
32. TANG MuJI.

x1;I

vii tru tai thanh ph6 Da Lat qua kct qua do gama

NGll'l'EN SAN. NGt.JYEN XUAN SON. NGLNEN QU~G

Hill

TRi.

DlNH DOC CIIAT.

Ve cong

293

Qui. Dja v~t iy

Ban 06 di thirong tir hang khong Viet Nam (phan dal lien) ty Ie?I: 500.000
33. NGl.Nf~

287

297

lac nghien ciru tinh chat vat ly da va

quang Yi~l narn

307

34. NGlNEN NGQC LOAN. TANG Door NJ\M. Mi?t vai kCl qua ap dung cac tharn s6 phan
cue kich thich A va N trong tim kiem khoang san

a Viet Nam

315