Báo cáo "Tiếp xúc văn hóa Đông – Tây thời cận thế: trường hợp Hà Lan và Nhật Bản. " ppt

CHfNH
TR! -
AN
NINH CHAU AU
MOT SO
Ka QUn
TRONG CHINH
SflCH
DOI
NGOni
CUR
U€N
XO
V03 cac Rir^C xa TiQl Cljfi TlQTfiK ii B0RQ A
(1945-1985)
QUA NGUON
Sir
LIEU LIEN
XO/NGA
TS.
Nguyen Thi Hong Van
Vi
thi qude
tl
cua Lien Xd sau Chiln
tranh
thi
gidi
thii
Hai dugc cimg
cd

kha
vung
chic.
Cude Chien tranh Lanh nl ra sau
do khdng lau khdng lam thay ddi vai trd ciia
Lien X6 nhu mgt trong nhiing
nude
dan dau
ciia tien trinh chinh tri the gidi.
Nhung
mau
thuan phat sinh ben trong nhirng nude timg
la ddng minh trudc day
cd
coi ngudn
tu
tudng rat sau xa da bude nhiing nude cdn lai
phai cd
sir lira
chgn tuong
ling.
Su
lira
chgn
nay nhilu khi khdng
xuit
phat
tir
Idng
tu

nguyen ma dien ra vdi su can thiep tir ben
ngoai, dudi anh hudng cua
nhumg
hoan canh
chinh tri khac nhau, noi ma cac luc lugng
dii diu
(Lien Xd va My) cd quan diem
dii
lap vdi nhau. Cac qude gia
d
khu vuc Ddng
A ciing khdng
nim
ngoai qui luat nay.
Thuat ngu "Chiln tranh Lanh" dugc
gidi bao chi phuong Tay
su
dung tir
nam
1946
nhim
diln ta mdt bdi canh
quIc
tl cue
\ ~ ~
I
Z .
X ^-rw luioiii uiwii ici iiiv n
1
Q^.

KopHHCHKO
Y.
XojlOOHOfl
eOUHa.
ky
cang
thing, mgt cude ddi
diu
ae liet giua Ceudemenbcmeo
eeynacmuuKa.
M., 2001. C.
31-38;
CrapoaySoB
B.
Cynepdepoicaebi
XX
eena.
chu nghia
tu
ban
va
chu nghTa
xa
hgi,
dac
CmpamezunecKoe
npomueo6opcmeo.
M., 2001. C.
6-
u ^

1'
•-
x/r-
A
T
:s«
YA
trnno
a\a\
rfnnn
9;
CoeemcKaH eueuiuHH
nojiumuKa
e
eodbi
"xonodHoi
bi?t
la
giua
My va
Lien
Xo, trong
giai
doan
^^^^^,.
(1945.1985).
Hoeoenpoumeuue.
M.,
1995.
C.

tir giiia nhiing
nam
40
din
culi nhiing
nam
505;
Kaaanyee
K).
H.
MeoKdynapodHbie
omHouieHUR
»
,
.^^ ,
u
eueuiNMi nojtumuKa
Poccuu (XX e.). PocTOB-Ha-
80
dIu
nhiing
nam
90
ciia
the ky XX. Tren
j^^^^
HOBOCH6HPCK,
2002.
C.
204-206

H
ap.
Vien Sir hoc
the gidi phd bien quan niem cho
ring:
Chiln
tranh Lanh
la
cude doi
diu
khong khoan
nhugng giiia My va cac nude
ding
minh
ciia
hg vdi cac nude XHCN diing
diu
la
Lien
Xd'.
CJ
khu vuc Ddng A, cuoc Chien tranh
Lanh chang may choc da bien thanh chiln
tranh "nong": do la cude noi chien
d
Trung
QuIc (1945-1949), chiln tranh Triiu Tien
(1950-1953) va cude chien tranh chong Phap
d cac nude Ddng Duong (1946-1954). Sau
dd, cac cude xung dot vii trang nay khong

chi mang tinh cue bd ma con tao ra xu the
dii
dau giiia Lien Xd va My
-
nhiing nude
tham gia vao cac cude xung dot nay mgt
each true tiep hoac gian tiep, bang each cung
dp vu khi, cd van quan su hoac dudi cac
hinh thiic vien tro khac cho cac ben tham
88 NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
chien.
Miic
do tham gia cua cac nude Ddng
A vao cac cude xung dot vii trang, anh
hudng cua Lien Xd hoac My len timg phan
trong khu vuc, quan diem tu tudng cua
nhiing ngudi lanh dao
nude
nay hay nude
khac,
la nhiing nhan td
chii
yeu xac dinh
quan he cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac qude gia
Ddng A.
Trong bai viet nay, chiing tdi chi mudn
de cap den mgt sd ket qua cua chinh sach ddi

ngoai cua Lien Xd ddi vdi cac nude xa hgi
chu nghTa d Ddng A cho den
nam
1985,
thong qua cac ngudn sir lieu cua Lien
X6/Nga trong thdi gian gan day.
1.
Quan he cua Lien X6 doi vdi Mong
Co
Trong sudt thdi gian dai, quan he giiia
Lien Xd va Mdng Cd ludn ludn gan giii va
mat
thiet^.
Sau cude chinh bien
nam
1921,
tai
Mdng Cd da tuyen bd thanh lap
nude
CHND
Mdng Cd - mgt qude gia chiu anh hudng sau
sac
cua Lien
bemg
Xd viet. Su lac hau cd
huu, vi tri dia ly lien ke, xu hudng banh
trudng eua nha cam quyin Trung Qude va
Nhat Ban la nhiing nhan td quan trgng tac
ddng
din

Mdng Cd, biln qude gia nay thanh
CM.:
BaacanoB
E. n. CCCP u
AauamcKo-
muxooKeaHCKuH
pezuoH.
M.,1991.
C. 33-34;
BacHJibeB
JI.
C.
Hcmopun
Bocmoxa.
T. 2. M., 2001.
C. 446-447;
njiemaKOB
K.
Feo-udeojiozuiecKKaH
napaduaMa.
M.,1994.
C. 61, 70, 76-77;
Mcmopwi
MeoKdynapodHbix omHOwenuu
u
eHeuineu nojiumuKU
CCCP. T. 3. (1970-1987).
M.,1987.
C. 218-219;
CoKoaHHCKHH

B.,
CoHHHxaMHp
H.
UepecmpoHKa
e
cocedneH
cmpaue:
ontim.
npodjieMbi,
nepcneKmueti
//
Aswi
u
A^puKa
ceaodHH.
2000.
J^s
12.
C. 10-12;
H
ap.
bd phan phu thudc, ngudi "em lit" ludn bilt
nghe loi ciia Lien Xd. Tham
chi
neu khdng
cd
sir
chi dao va cho phep cua cac nha lanh
dao Xd viet, chinh quyen Mdng Cd khong
thdng qua

bit cii
quylt dinh quan trgng
nao^.
Hai nha nude Lien Xd va Mdng
Cl
trong gan 70
nam
phat trien tren nen tang ciia
md hinh cgng san. O
Ulan-Bato
da quen vdi
viec phuc timg vd dieu kien cac chi thi cua
Kremli, tir viec tien hanh cac cuoc bat bd,
thanh trimg den viec td chiic ddi sdng kinh
te.
He thdng chinh tri va cac quan he xa hoi
ciing phat trien theo md hinh nay. Chinh
Tdng Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong
Dang Cdng san Lien Xd M. X. Gorbachop
da timg ndi: "Ddi vai Mdng
Cd,
Lien
Xd
ludn
cd mdi quan he mat thiet vd gdn giii
Tgi cdc
Bd
ciia
chung ta da quen coi Mdng Cd nhu
la mgt trong nhitng

nude
Cdng hda cita
minh,
ngodi ra cd mgt sd y
kien,
trong
do cd
cd
tic
phia Mdng Cd, ddt vdn de sap nhdp
Mdng Cd vao Lien
bangXd
vie^".
Quan he cang thang giura Lien Xd va
Trung Quoc vao cudi nhiing
nam
50 dau
nhiing
nam
60 cua the ky XX da lam cho
quan he Lien Xd - Mdng Cd them khang
kbit. Nam
1964,
quan dgi Xd vilt da cd mat
tai Mdng Cd, danh dau viec hoan
tit
lien
minh Xd-M6ng
ehdng
Trung Quoc. Thang

11-1967
da thilt lap cac
can cii
ten lua ciia
^ BacHJibeB
Jl.
C.
Mcmopux
Bocmoxa.
T. 2. C. 446.
* ropSaneB
M. C.
)Ku3Hb
u
peipopjubi.
KH.
2. M.,
1995.
C. 465.
MM ijokH
gud
89
Lien Xd tren lanh thd Mdng
Cl.
Din nam
1969,
tren
dit
Mdng Cd duy tri tir
8-10

trung
doan quan ddi Xd
vilt^.
Hien trang tren khdng thay ddi cho
din
nam
1985.
Cimg vdi qua trinh cai tl d Lien
Xd, cac nha lanh dao Mdng Cd
bit diu
lo
ngai va td ra
liing
tiing. Hg da thi hanh mgt
sl bien phap nham ngan chan anh hudng eua
cai td, kim ham
sir
lay lan cac boat ddng
tuong tu sang lanh thd cua
minh^.
2.
Quan
hf
Lien
Xd
- Trung Quoc
Khac vdi Mdng Cd, Trung Qude - mgt
trung tam va thanh tri khac cua chu nghTa xa
hgi d Ddng A, khdng phai la mgt
ding

minh
triet dl va
nhit
quan cua Lien Xd. Ngay 1-
10-1949,
nude
CHND Trung Hoa tuyen bl
thanh lap. Ngay 14-2-1950, Lien
Xd'va
Trung QuIc da ky
kit
Hiep udc ddng minh
vd tuang trg
Idn
nhau. Theo Hiep udc nay,
hai nude da thilt lap
sir
hgp tac chat che vl
chinh tri va kinh tl. Cuoc chiln tranh Triiu
Tien cd anh hudng quan trgng, that chat
them mli quan he Xd-Trung. Thang 10-1957
' noflpo6HO
CM.:
BaMcanoB
E. Tl. CCCP u
AsuamcKO-
muxooKeaHCKua
peeuoH.
C. 33-34;
TIjiemaKoeK.

Teo-
udeojioautecKoa
napaduzMa.
C. 55, 70, 75-76;
BacHJibeB
JI. C.
HcmopuH
BocmoKO.
T. 2. C. 446-447
Hflp.
' IIoflpoSHO
o6
3T0M
CM.:
Ba)KaHOB
E. IT. CCCP u
AjuamcKO-muxooKeaHCKuH
pezuon.
C. 34;
MoKflyHapoflHwii
eaceroflHHK.
1988. C. 95;
CoKOJiHHCKHfi
B.,
CoHHHTaMHp
H.
UepecmpoiiKa
e
cocedheH
cmpane:

onttm,
npo6jieMbi,
nepcneicmuebt
//
A3UH
u
Acppwca
cezodhx.
2000.
Ks
12. C. 10-12
H
ap.
giura hai
nude
da ky ket hiep udc bi mat ve
quan
su'.
Tuy vay, quan he mat thiet nay tdn tai
khdng lau. Den cudi nhung
nam
50 bat dau
xuat hien nhiing ran mit va mau thuan trong
ITnh
vuc tu tudng - chinh tri va kinh tl. Su
bit
ddng vl tu tudng va nhiing quan dilm
khac nhau ve tinh hinh qude te cuoi cimg dan
den su cang thang trong quan he X6-Trung
va

sir
bat hgp tac giiia hai Dang Cgng san
Lien Xd va Trung
Qude^.
Nam 1969 xay ra
nhilu cude xung dot dii ddi tren bien gidi
Xd-Trung, trong dd
Idn
nhat la su kien tren
dao Damanxki. Quan he Trung-X6 trd nen
hit siic
cang thing. Ket thiic giai doan
"hum
nghi vT dai" giura Lien Xd va Trung QuIc.
Trung QuIc tir dd tudt khdi anh hudng cua
Lien Xd.
Sir
cang thing trong quan he vdi Trung
QuIc huge Lien Xd phai di tim nhiing diem
tua mdi cho viec thuc hien chiln luge
dii
ngoai d Ddng A. Trung tam "each mang"
'
CM.:
KaaanueB
K).
H.
MeotcdynapodHbie
omHOiueHUH
u

eneuiHfiH nojiumuna
Poccuu.
M.:
2002.
C.
201;
JIH
Ll3HHii3e.
KumaiicKO-poccuiicKue
omnouieHUfi
u
cmepuKaHCKUU (paxmop
//
Aaun
u
A^puKa
cezodtM.
2002.
X?
3. C. 46-47;
IXneiiiaKOB
K.
reo-HfleojiOFHHecKaa
napaflHFMa.
C, 59-63;
'
06
3T0M
nHmyr:
BaxcanoB

E.
11.
KumaH
u
euetuHUU
Mup. M., 1990. C. 34-35;
ropSaieB
M. C.
:aCH3Hi,
H
pe4>opMbi.
KH.
2. C. 430;
JIH
LlaHHioe.
KumaUcKO-
poccuUcKue omHOtueHUR
u
aMepuKaHOcuu (paxmop
//
AsuH
u
A4>puKa
cezodhH.
2002.
Jfe
3. C. 47;
HHKHUieHKO
C.A.
<

>;
IlnemaKOB
K.
Teo-HaeojiorHHecKaa
napaflHFMa.
C.
65-69;
XasanoB
A. M.
KumaitCKO-coeemcKue
omuouieHUH
u
"xojiodHox
eoina"
//
BocmoK.
1998.
W"
3.C.
152-154
Hflp.
90
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
trong chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d
chau A chuyen tir Trung Qude sang cac
nude
Ddng Duong - noi hgi tu day du nhung tien

de quan trgng trong thdi ky hau chien .
Quan he Xd-Trung dac biet cang thang
hon sau khi quan ddi Viet Nam tien vao
Campuchia
nam
1978.
Lien Xd ung hd Viet
Nam trong viec gay anh hudng d khu vuc
Ddng Duong, cd nghTa la ddi dau vdi Trung
Qude trong khu vuc nay . Trong khi dd, d
Ddng Nam A tdn tai mgt nhdm
nude
kien
quyet ehdng lai chinh sach can thiep ve quan
su cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia. Hon niia,
su cd mat cua quan ddi Lien Xd tai vinh
Cam Ranh ciing gay nen
sir
bat binh cho ca
My va Trung Qude, ciing nhu cac nude
ASEAN. Ket qua la vao dau nhiing
nam
80
da hinh thanh mgt lien minh bao gdm My,
Trung Quoc, Nhat Ban, cac qude gia
ASEAN chong lai su hien dien cua quan dgi
Viet Nam (dugc
sir
hau thuan cua Lien Xd) d
campuchia.

Ngay 3-4-1979, chinh phu Trung
QuIe
tir choi gia ban Hiep udc Ddng minh va Huru
' noflpo6HO
CM.:
Gaiduk I. Lien
bangXo
viet vd chien
tranh
Vi?t
Nam.
Yik
Npi.
Tr. 64-69;
KaaanueB
K).
H.
MeoKdynapodHbie omuouieHUH
u
euetuHHsi nojiumuKa
Poccuu. C. 202;
IliieiiiaKOB
K.
Feo-udeojioauHecKasi
napaduzMa.
C.
80-81,
84-85; IIoTanoB A.
Cmaptiii
dpya

-
nadeoKHbii
dpyz //
Aawi
u
AtppuKa
ceaodtm.
2002.
JV«
7. C. 34
H
ap.
CM.:
HoaHecHH
C.
H.
AKmyantHbie npodjicMbi
BocmoHHoao MndoKuman
//
BocmoK.
1999.
Jfe
J. C.
168;
Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988;
rDiemaKOB
K.
Teo-
udeojioauHecKan
napaduaMa. C. 84;

MaiuiHH
B. H.
BbemnoM:
anpenb 1975
zoda
//
Bonpocu
ucmopuu.
2000.Jf2
4/5.
C. 83.
nghi Trung-Xd. Sau khi Lien Xd dua quan
vao Afganixtan thang 12-1979, Bg Ngoai
giao Trung
Qude
tuyen bd: "Su xam
luge
ciia cua qudn ddi Xd viit a Afganixtan de
dga hda binh tren todn the gidi, ddng thai
de
dga
true
tiep an ninh cua Trung
Qude,
tgo
ra
rdo cdn mdi trong viec binh thudng hda
quan he giiia hai
nude.
Trong bdi cdnh dy,

viec tiep tuc cdc cuoc ddi thogi
Trung-Xd Id
dieu vd
nghia"^^.
Nhumg
diu
hieu tich
cue
dau tien trong
quan he Xd-Trung chi xuat hien vao mua
xuan
nam
1982, sau khi Tdng Bi thu L. I.
Bregiomhep cdng nhan tai Tasken,
ring
Trung
Qude
la nude XHCN va tuyen bo
rang.
Lien Xd khdng theo dudi muc dich
xam
luge,
khdng cd tranh chap gi ve lanh tho
vdi Trung
Qude.
Quan diem cua Trung Quoc
dugc trinh bay cu the tai Dai hdi Dang lan
thii
XII (thang
11 nam

1982), trong Dilu le
Mdi cua Dang Cdng san Trung Qude, sau do
dugc chinh thiic cdng bd trong Hien phap
nude Cdng hda Nhan dan Trung Hoa (thong
qua ngay 4-12-1982). Thay ddi
can
ban trong
chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Trung Qude vdi
Lien Xd dugc the hien chii ylu d nhiing
dilm sau:
"
CM.:
HoanecxH
C. H.
AKmyanbHtie npo6neMU
BocmoHHOZo HndoKumoH
//
BocmoK.
1999.
Xs
5. C.
168;
Nhan Dan. 13. 06. 1988;
ILiemaKOB
K.
Teo-
udeonozuHecKCiH
napaduzMa. C. 84;
MarmHH
B.

R
BbemHOM:
anpenb 1975 zoda // Bonpocu ucmopuu.
2000.
Ks
4/5.
C. 83.
MM
i^UA
qjuA
91
1) Loai bd luan dilm cho
ring
"ngudn
gdc nguy hilm co ban cua cude chiln tranh
thi
gidi mdi la Lien Xd";
2) Loai bd
sir
dn thilt thanh lap "mat
tran quoc tl thing nhat" (bao gdm ca My)
nhim
ehdng lai "chu nghTa ba quyin Xd
vilt"
12
Sir
kien M. X. Gorbachdp dugc
blu
lam
Ting

Bi thu Ban chap hanh Trung uong
Dang Cdng san Lien Xd da tao ra nhirng
phan ling tich
cue
tir
phia
Trung QuIc.
Lin
dau tien sau nhieu
nam
gian doan, Trung
QuIc chinh thiic ggi Lien Xd la "Nha nude
XHCN". Di theo eon dudng hien dai
hda.
Ban Lanh dao mdi cua Trung Qude nhan
thiic dugc
sir
can thiet phai dap tat
cude
ddi
dau dai dang va nguy hiem giiia
Matxeova
va
BIC
Kinh. Bude dot pha trong quan he
X6-Trung trudc
hit gan
lien vdi cdng cude
cai to d Lien Xd.
3.

Quan he Lien X6 -
BIC
Trieu Tien
Sau Chiln tranh
thi
gidi
thii
Hai, Trieu
Tien va cac nude Ddng Duong, gilng nhu
Trung Qude,
nim
trong khu vuc chien
sir.
Triiu Tien ngay lap
tiic
trd thanh vat hy sinh
cua
sir dii diu
Xd-My. Cac
quIc
gia thing
tran, sau khi giai phdng ban dao Trieu Tien
khoi ach xam luge Nhat Ban, da thda thuan
thanh lap d dd mgt Nha
nude
dgc lap va tu
chu'^
Nhung sau dd, tren ban dao Triiu Tien
'npasfla.
1982.

12ceHTH6pfl.
CM.:
BopoHUOB
A. B. TlonumuKa
CHIA
na
KopeucKOM nojiyocmpoee
e 90-e
zodbiXXe.
//Hoean
da xuat hien hai nha
nude:
CJ
phan phia Nam
tuyen bd thanh lap
nude
Cdng hda Triiu
Tien than My, tai khu vuc phia
BIC
nude
CHDCND Triiu Tien ddng minh cua Lien
Xd.
Sau khi Trieu Tien bi chia
cit
khdng lau
da diln ra nhiing boat ddng
nhim
thing
nhit
ban dao

bing
vii luc. Nhumg cude xung dot
vii trang xay ra lien tuc tren
vT tuyIn
38*'*
da
bien thanh cude chien tranh ae Uet
(1950-
1953).
Hai Nha
nude
cua cimg mgt dan tgc
chiln
diu
ehdng lai nhau. Thuc
chit,
cuoc
chien tranh Trieu Tien la cude cude chiln
tranh khong tuyen bd giiia Lien X6 va My
(dudi chieu bai Lien hgp
quoc'^),
keo theo
sir
tham chiln cua hang chuc
quIc
gia, trong
dd cd Trung Qude va Nhat Ban. Cude chiln
tranh Trieu Tien dan den su thay ddi quan
trgng vl
dia

- ehinh tri: quan ddi My chiem
dong lau dai khu vuc phia Nam
ciia
ban dao.
u
HoeeHmasi
ucmopuH.
2001.
J^s
6. C.
32-33;
KasanueB
lO.
H.
MeotcdyHapodnbie omHouieHUH
u
eneuiHsui nojiumuxa
Poccuu (XX e.). C. 257-258;
KoBajieB
A. B.
UojiumuKa CUIA
u
Jlnouuu
HO
KopeiicKOM
nojiyocmpoee.
M., 1990. C.
19-21;
CeprecB
11.

MmubCKue udbi
K Ceeepy u
lOay
om 38
napajuienu
//
Asusi uAtppuKa
ceaodrm.
2000.
N«
10. C.
20-21
Hflp.
''*
Day
li
gidi
tuySn gitta
hai
vfing
kiem
sodt
cua My
\h
Lien X6 sau khi
tiSp
nhan
s\r
diu
h^ng

cua
quSn
d$i
Nhat Ban,
dugrc th^nh
l^ip
theo
sdng ki6n
cua My
thang
8-1945.
N6 tro
th^h
bien
gi<5i
giiia Cgng
ho^
Trigu
Tien
(thinh l$p
thdng 8-1945)
vd
CHDCND
Triiu
TiSn
(thinh lap thdng 9-1948).
" Ngdy
7-7-1950,
Hpi
dong Bdo an

hpp
(Dodn
d^ii
bieu
Lien
X6 tay chay, kh6ng tham
d\f
tir mfia xudn
ndm
1950 vl d6i thay
d?i di?n
cua Trung Qu6c vdo
ghe cua Ddi Loan
6
ca quan ndy)
thSng
qua nghi
quyet cho
ph^p
cdc don
vi
qudn
d^i
My
dugc mang
t€n
qudn
dgi
Lien hgp
quIc,

six dung
cd
cua
LiSn hgrp
qu6c.
92
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
Hau qua cua
cude
chien tranh nay that khdn
ludng,
tin
that ve ngudi va vat chat d ca phia
BIC
va phia Nam
Idn
den
miic
bugc ca hai
Nha nude Trieu Tien phai phu thugc gan nhu
hoan toan vao nhirng ddng minh himg manh
eua
minh'^.
Quan he Lien Xd
BIC
Triiu Tien tir
nhiing

nam
50 cua
thi
ky XX ngay cang trd
nen mat thilt hon. Lien Xd tieh cue iing hd
quan diem eua
Bac
Trieu Tien trong viec
binh dn cude xung dot tren ban dao. Su giiip
do ve kinh te, quan
sir
cua Lien Xd cho
Bac
Trieu Tien dugc tang manh sau
nam
1961
sau khi Lien Xd va Bae Trieu Tien ky ket
Hiep udc hitu
nghi,
hgp tdc vd tuang trg lan
nhau. Hiep udc nay dugc ky ket nham ddi
phd vdi Nam Trieu Tien va My. Theo Hiep
udc
nay.
Lien Xd cd nghTa vu giiip do Bac
Trieu Tien trong trudng hgp
BIC
Triiu Tien
bi
nude thii

ba tan cdng va dat
nude
xay ra
chiln tranh. Lien Xd va
Bac
Trieu Tien
thudng xuyen gia ban Hiep
udc".
Theo tiem nang rieng, theo
vi
tri dia ly
va hoan canh lich su sau chien tranh,
BIC
Triiu Tien chiem vi tri quan trgng trong
chinh sach ddi ngoai cua Lien Xd d vimg
Vien Ddng. Vi
vay.
Lien Xd "hdu nhu ddp
nodpo6HO
o nomepxx
cmopon
e
KopeiicKoii eoHne
CM.:
OpjiOB
A. C,
FaBpHJiOB
B. A.
TOUHIA
KopeUcKoii

eoliHbt.
M.,
2003.
C. 261;
Mcmopun
Kopeu. T. II. M.,
1974.
C.
249
Hflp.
"
CM.:
BaHHH
K).
B. CCCP u
Kopesi.
M., 1988. C.
296;
Mcmopux MeoKdynapodubix omHomeHuu
u
eneuiHeu nojiumuKU
CCCP. T. 3. C. 223-224;
CoepeMBHHbie Meo/cdynapodHbie
omHotueutoi.
C. 343.
uTtg
mgi yeu cdu cua Binh Nhuang ve
vii
khi
vd vien trg kinh te

'*
4.
Quan he Lien Xd - Viet Nam
Mudn hon Trieu Tien, Ddng Duong trd
thanh khu vuc canh tranh gay
git
cua cac
thi
lire
ddi dau nham tranh gianh anh hudng.
Sau Chien tranh
thi
gidi
thii
Hai, Lien X6
tich
cue
ung hd phong trao giai phong dan
tdc cua nhan dan cac
nude
Ddng Duong,
xuat phat tir quan diem giai cap, coi ban dao
nay la ban dap ly tudng cho viec phd bien,
truyen ba tu tudng XHCN sang cac quoc gia
khac thudc khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh
Duong.
Nhumg cudng
qude
manh nhat da bi
cudn

hiit
vao
cude
tranh gianh anh hudng tai
Viet Nam - ciing cd nghTa la d tren ca Dong
Duong. Ddi vdi Lien Xd, gianh dugc Viet
Nam
tiic
la chiem dugc tien don dia chinh
tri quan trgng d Ddng Nam A. Muc tieu ciia
Trung
Qude
ciing tuomg tu nhu vay. Vi the
Ddng Duong trd thanh noi tam diem hgi tu
quyin lgi ciia ca 3 cudng qude: Lien X6,
Trung
Qude
va
My''.
Chi
do miln Nam Viet
Nam nhan dugc su ung hd manh me cua My
vl vat
chit
cimg ddi quan himg hau gdm hon
nua trieu ngudi. Cdn mien
BIC
Viet Nam -
Lien Xd va Trung
Qude

cimg cac
nude
XHCN khac.
" ropeangB
M. C.
XCuaub
upeipopMbi.
KH.
2. C. 468-
469.
"
CM.:
BaxcaHOB
E.
11.
KumaH
u
eHeuHUU
Mup.
C. 73-
80;
IliiemaKOB
K.
Feo-udeojioauuecKaH
napaduzMO.
C. 81
Hflp.
Mdi
MJOUA
gud

93
Sau khi chiln tranh Viet Nam xay
ra.
Lien Xd trd thanh ngudn cung dp chu ylu
vi?n
trg kinh tl va quan
sir
cho cac luc lugng
yeu nude d Viet Nam. Dang Cdng san,
Chinh phu va nhan dan Lien Xd da giiip dd
mgt each tich
cue
va cd hieu qua cho Viet
Nam trong cuoc chien tranh chong My va
chinh quyin Sai Gdn (1964-1975). Theo
thdng ke cua mgt tac gia ngudi Nga, tir
nam
1966 den
nam
1972, trung binh hang
nam
Lien Xd vien trg cho Viet Nam khoang 700-
800 trieu USD, 70% vu khi cac loai, mgt so
lugng
Idn
xang dau, thudc men, luong thue
va nhieu hang hda
khae^°.
Trong nhiing
nam

chien tranh, Lien Xd
cung cap cho Viet Nam toan bd he thdng
phong khdng, khdng quan va phao binh. Viet
Nam con nhan dugc mgt lugng
Idn
tau
chiln, xe tang va nhieu vii khi hien dai khac.
Kit
qua la trong mgt thdi gian dai, Viet Nam
trd thanh mgt trong nhumg ddi tac quan su
chu yeu cua nen quan su - cdng nghiep cua
Lien Xd. Hang ngan sT quan Viet Nam da
dugc dao tao trong cac trudng, bgc vien quan
sir
eua Lien Xd, trong dd rieng
lire
lugng hai
quan la hon 2.000
ngudi^'.
Din
culi nhiing
nam 70, da cd 2.600 ngudi Viet Nam dugc
dao tao tai cac hge vien quan su ciia Lien
Xd. Hang tram cd van, chuyen gia quan su
Lien Xd da timg cd mat tai Viet Nam. Tdng
sd cd van, chuyen gia quan su Lien Xd sang
giiip Viet Nam trong cuoc chiln tranh ehdng
My, Cliu
nude
la 22.000

ngudi^^.
Nhd su giiip do nhiet tinh ciia Lien Xd
va cac
nude
XHCN khac,
nam
1975 Viet
Nam da gianh dugc thang lgi quan trgng -
giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam. That bai
cua My trong chien tranh d Ddng Duomg,
Viet Nam thdng nhat va viec cac the luc mdi
len nam quyen d Lao va Campuchia dat ra
trudc Lien Xd mgt nhiem vu mdi bao dam
ngay cang nhieu vien trg vat chat va iing hd
ve ehinh tri cho cac qude gia Ddng Duong .
Sau khi tuyen bd thanh lap
nude
Cgng
hda XHCN Viet Nam
nam
1976, quan
hd
ve
mgi mat ciia Lien Xd va Viet Nam dugc
nang len tam cao mdi ve chat. Ngay
3-11-
1978,
Lien Xd va Viet Nam ky
kit
Hiep udc

Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc. Ngay 2-5-1979, Chinh
phu Viet Nam va Lien Xd ky Hiep dinh vl
vif
c
Vi?t
Nam cho Lien Xd thue hai
can cii
quan su - hai quan d Cam Ranh va khdng
quan d Da
Nlng
trong thdi ban 25 nam. Tir
nhumg can
cii
nay cd the kiem soat phan
phia
^
Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh Vi$t
Nam.
Hd
N^i,
1998. Tr. 35-38, 64-69, 125-128, 130-
133,
145-148;
CoeemcKUU
Coios
-
BbemuoM:
30
jiem
omHouteHuH

(1950-1980).
floKyMCHTbi
H
MaxepHajiw.
M., 1982. C. 120-122, 156, 186-187, 212-213, 262-
266,325-326,351-354.
^'
Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viit vd chien tranh
Vi?t
Nam.
Tr.
16-17,
26. 34-35;
KOMOB
B.
Kpacnaa
3Be3fla.
2002.25
Max. <redstar.ru>.
^
CM.
cafir:

^
CM.:
BejiOKOHb
K>.
CCCP u
HndoKumaUcKue
aocydapcmea:

nepcncKmueu
denoeoao
compydHUHBcmea
//
M3HMO.
1991.
Jfe
5. C. 130.
Gaiduc I. Gaiduc I. Lien bang Xd viet vd chiin tranh
Vift
Nam. Tr. 16-17, 26, 76-77.
CoeemcKuH
Corns -
BbemuaM:
30
Jiem
omHouieHuH
(1950-1980). C. 173-
174,252-254,
328,343.
94
NGHIEN
CQU
CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
nam cua Thai Binh Duomg va toan bd An Do
Duong. Su cd mat cua quan dgi Lien Xd d
hai
can cii
quan

sir
nay hau nhu can bang
vdi
su
CO
mat cua quan ddi My d Philippin.
Tai Cam Ranh, quan ddi Lien Xd ed
khoang 20-30 tau chien, 1 hang khdng mau
ham va mgt sd tau ngam vdi khoang 7.000
thuy thu. Sau
nay.
Lien Xd va Viet Nam da
ky
van
ban ve xay
dimg
mgt sd cdng trinh
khdng hoan lai cho phia Viet Nam. Ket qua
la Cam Ranh trd thanh
can cii
quan
sir Idn
nhat (so vdi nhiing
can cii
quan
sir
cimg loai
cua My) cua Lien Xd d nude ngoai.
Sau khi mien Nam Viet Nam hoan toan
giai phdng, quan ddi cua Pdn Pdt d

campuchia lien tuc gay ra cac cude xung dot
vii trang d bien gidi Tay Nam cua Viet Nam.
Chiing thudng xuyen cho quan quay rdi dgc
theo
1.1
Oo km tren dudng bien gidi Viet
Nam - campuchia, gay nhieu thiet hai va tdn
that ve ngudi va ciia cho eac tinh Tay Nam
bg cua Viet Nam.
Nam
1978, quan ddi Viet
Nam tien vao Campuchia. Vdi
sir
hau
thuIn
ciia quan dgi Viet Nam, eac
lire
lugng yeu
nude campuchia da
lat
do che do diet chung
cua Pon
Pit,
thanh lap Nha
nude
CHND
campuchia.
Lien Xd, tuy khdng mong dgi
kit cue
nhu tren, ngay lap

tiic
ung hg Viet Nam vl
chinh tri va vien trg vu khi. Trung Qude, cac
quIe
gia ASEAN va nhilu
nude
khac tren
thi
gidi cuong quylt phan ddi va len an viec
Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia. Su kien
d campuchia lam cho mau thuan giiia Lien
Xd va Viet Nam vdi da sl cac quoc gia d
khu vuc Chau A - Thai Binh Duong ngay
cang
them'
sau
slc^^v
Cac luc lugng vii trang
cua phe ddi
lapii4n naiiiDtrong
cac trai ti nan
cua ngudi campuchia
tirSn'^ianh
thd Thai Lan
dugc cung
c^
vii khi tir My va Trung QuIc.
Cudc xung dot khu vuc lien quan den
vin
dl

campuchia trd thanh nguy co thuc te de doa
den su dn dinh va an ninh eua toan the
gidi^^.
Nha cam quyen Trung Quoc ngay lap
tiic
quyet dinh "day cho Viet Nam mgt bai
hge"
vi tdi lat dd thu
ITnh
than Trung Quoc -
Pdn Pdt d campuchia. Ngay 17-2-1979,
11
quan doan Trung Quoc va mgt sd trung doan
vdi khoang 600.000 ngudi, dugc
sir
trg giiip
cua 600 xe tang, 700 may bay tien vao lanh
thi
Viet Nam d bien gidi phia Bac. Thiet hai
chung do cude
tin
cdng cua quan ddi Trung
Quoc gay ra vao khoang
1
ty USD .
^*
CM.:
BaxcanoB
E.
11.

CCCP u
Aauamaco-
muxooKeaHCKuH
peauoH.
M., C.35;
IIpaBfla.
1987. 18.
OKxaSpa;
HcaeB
M.
11.,
Wepubituee
A. C.
Hcmopux
coeemcKO-eb&nHOMtiKux
omHoiueHUu:
1917-1985.
M.,
1986.
C.166;
Hcaes
M.
11.
BueuiHim
nonumuKa
cmpoH
HhdoKumaH.
M., 1989. C. 128-129, 167-168;
CyjiHUKaa
T.

H.
Cmpanti
ACEAH u
MeoKdyuapodHbie
omHOuieHUH
e
lOao-eocmoHHoU
Aauu.
C. 104-106;
H
flp.
^* noflpo6HO
CM.:
BejioKOHb
K). CCCP u
HndoKumaUcKue
aocydapcmea:
nepcneKmueu
dejioeozo compydHunecmea
//
M3HM0.
1991.
Me 5.
C. 136;
EypDKyojHbie
nojiumdMohi'
o
eueMueu
nonumuKe
CCG^ 'llbfl^

pea.
O.T.'
Tapa«»Ba)«M.:
1988.
C. 101-102;
CyjiHUKaa
T.
VI.
CmpaHbi
ACEAH
u
MCJicdyHapodHbie omHouieHun
e
-JOzo-eocmoHHoi
/43MM.C.
104-106
Hflp.
e,
.u.;
'
^' HoBaKOBa
O.
B.,
User^
W
K).
Mcmopta
BbemnoMa.
MacTb
2. C.259.

"M
2£
C005:
.EAESHC
Mf^ijoUil
qjud.
95
Cudc tan cdng cua quan dgi Trung
Qude
vao lanh
thg
Viet Nam bi Lien Xd kich liet
len^^o.
TrQr)g,^I"ify?nr,bd ciia Chirih phii
Lien
X6 ngay
L8-2-1979,.
Lien
X6 ,doi
Trung
Quoc phai nit ngay quan
dgi
ra khoi lanh thd
Viet Nam va nhan manh rang: Lien Xd se
thuc hien nhiing cam ket cua
minh
theo Hiep
udc Hitu nghi vd Hgp tdc daky kit giiia Lien
Xdvd
VietNarr?^.

Phien hop bat
thirdrig
bua Bd Chinh tri
Bain Chap
hanli
Trung uong Dang Cgng san
Lien
Xo'da quyef dinh'cir
dai dien dac biet
WlWfelc'^irih
ctitfg'
vdi'toi WSu
thu cua Lien
^§.'Trong
khi
qu&n'dgi Tiung
QuIc giao
^ffiih
vdi cac
lire lugrfgtian
quan tu ve cac
'iialhSbTIH'gi'di
phlaB'lc',
rrigt sl don
vi
quan
'(^i'filh^Xfl
viing
Zabaikal
da tl chiic diln

% '^ln'J8^ng='terfl^f'^'tfeh
bien gidi X6-
'Trung,''
con cac tau chien cua Ham dgi Thai
Binh
Duong'thi
chudn bi tien ve Bien Vang
'va Bieh
Nam
Trtttig'Qiadc:
BIC
Kinh
liln
lap
'tfed #
m^
ntt'^^qu^
laifei
lanh
thi
Viet
,
Ciing vdi viec Lien X6 coi trgng vi tri
B1
ui^h amjb
.6X
iiaiJ
LUQ
idra o&h ;.
chien

Iiroc
cua Viet Nam ciing nhu
tich
cue
ung hg cac che do cdng san d cac quoc gia
Dong Duomg, van de Campuchia cang trd
nen nghiem trgng. Trong hang thap ky
lien.
Lien Xd iing hd vd dieu kien
sir
cd mat cua
quan dgi Viet Nam d Campuchia, con da so
cac nude tren the gidi doi Viet Nam nit quan
ra khoi Campuchia. Tir do, co the thay rang
viec giai quyet van de Campuchia phan
nhieu anh hudng den chinh sach doi ngoai
cua Lien Xd d Dong A, den moi quan he cua
Lien Xd doi vdi Trung Quoc cung nhu vdi
cac quoc gia
ASEAN^^.
Vao nhirng nam 80
ciia
the ky XX,
trong con mat cua cac qude gia Dong Nam
A, Viet Nam la mgt mli de dga hoan toan
nguy hiem va thuc te. Thic nhdt, dat
nude
nay co tiem luc quan
sir
rat

Idn
(quan so cua
lire
lugng vii trang diing
thii
tu tren the gidi,
sau Trung QuIc, Lien X6 va My);
Thic
hai,
viec Viet Nam dua quan vao Campuchia tao
ra mli lo au thuc
sir
cho cac qude gia
ASEAN,
vl
phin
minh, diing tren quan
dilm giai
dp.
Ha Noi cung coi cac nude
ASEAN la ke
thii
vi nhom nude nay da ung
hg cuoc can thiep vu trang
ciia
My chong
"
C"M.
noflpp6Ho:
HcaeB M.

0., HepHbimeB
A. C.
WMo^ii^
lQ^eeikif}de^mfidj^^idO
iilhHoweHuii:
1917-1985.
C.182;
CoeemcKufi
Com3
BpemhaM:
30
Jiem omHomeuuH r7950-/P5«>/.'.«.=
'^34V^^-25;-526-527;
529;
530-532.
^'CM.: Ea>KaHOB
E.
U.
KumaU
u
eHewHuH
Mup.
C. 84-
85;

06 18 13 3158.html
^'
06
3T0M
HHUiyx:

BaacanoB
E.
11.
KumaH
u
eHeiuHUU
Mup. M., 1990. C. 311-312;
EyuiHHCKHH
JI.
CoeemcKan eHeuiHHH
nonumuKa u
lOao-eocmoHHOH
A3UH.
C. 602;
rpe6eHmHK0B
3.
Kumaii
u
ACEAH:
yxodn
om
cmepeomunoe npouuiozo
//
M3MM0.
1991.
Xs
9. C. 132-133;
CyjiHUKaa
T. H.
Cmpaubi ACEAH

u
MeoKdyuapodhbie omnouieHUH
e
lOao-eocmoiHoU
y^sMM.C.
61-62; 98-101
nap.
96
NGHIEN
CCrU
CHAU AU • EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW
N°07 (130).2011
Viet Nam, tham
chi mgt sd
nude
than
My
(Thai Lan, Philippin)
cdn
true tilp tham
gia
vao cudc chien tranh nay chong
lai
nhan dan
Viet Nam. Ngoai
ra,
ASEAN ciing
la
ngudi
khdi xudng phong trao quoc

te
chong
su
can
thiep cua Viet Nam vao Campuchia
.
Viet Nam
va
Campuchia
hau nhu bi cd
lap trong cdng ddng quoc te. Lien Xd
va
cac
nude
XHCN
het
Idng
ung hd hai
nude
nay.
Cac quoc gia ASEAN, My, cac
nude
Tay Au
thi
coi
hanh dgng ciia Viet
Nam d
campuchia
la xam
luge

va dau
tranh nham
giai quyet
van de
Campuchia tren
co sd nit
toan
bg
quan
ddi
nude
ngoai
va
tien hanh
tdng tuyen
cii
tu
do.
Vi van de
Campuchia
ma mau
thuIn
giiia Lien
Xd va
Trung
Qude
bi
trim
trgng them. Nhu vay, Trung
Qude

da
xa
rdi "dai gia dmh"
XHCN.
Vi tri cua
Trung
Qude
dugc thay the bang cac qude
gia
Ddng Duomg, trudc het la Viet Nam.
Nhin chung,
din
nam
1985,
d
Ddng
A
tinh hinh biln chuyin khdng thuan
lgi cho
Lien Xd: Trung
Qude,
cudng
qude Idn nhit
trong khu vuc, da hon hai thap nien
ehdng
lai
anh hudng
cua
Lien Xd, nhilu khi
trd

thanh
ddi dau nhau. Vac nhiing
nam
80,
xuit
hien
nhiing
dau
hieu
tdt
lanh trong quan
he
giiia
hai
nude.
Song, nhumg dieu kien
ma
phia
Trung
Qude
dua
ra
cho viec binh thudng hda
quan
he
Trung-Xd
la
phai thuc hien "3 dieu
can
trd": 1) Rut

quan
dgi
Lien
Xd
khoi
Afganixtan;
2)
Riit
bd dgi
bien phdng Lien
Xd khdi khu vuc bien gidi Xd-Trung; 3) Giai
quyet van
de
Campuchia bang
each
nit
quan
ddi Viet Nam khdi
nude
nay.
Nhiing ddng minh khac
cua
Lien
X6
trong
khu vuc nhu
Mdng
Cd,
CHDCND
Trieu Tien va Cdng hda XHCN Viet Nam ve

chinh
tri
ludn ludn
ung hd
Lien Xd. Nhung
tiem luc quan
su
va kinh te cua hg
bi
ban che
va vi the, quan
he
ciia Lien Xd vdi cac
nude
nay
da
ngdn
di cua
Lien
Xd mgt
lugng
Idn
vat chat
va
tien
ciia.
Cac
vin
de ddi
ngoai,

trong
dd cd
viec Lien
Xd
phai tieu
tdn
mgt
lugng khdng
Id
vat
chit
va
tien bac
de
vien
trg khdng hoan
lai cho
cac
nude
ddng minh,
ciing nhu nhiing
chi phi
quan
su
tin
kem da
bugc Lien
Xd
phai
cd

nhumg thay
ddi can
ban trong
chinh
sach
doi
ngoai cua minh.
Vi
vay,
sau khi len nam
quyen
vao
nam
1985,
ban lanh dao
mdi
ciia Lien Xd, diing dau
la
M.
X.
Gorbachdp,
da de ra
nhiem
vu: Dat
dugc
sir
thay
ddi
mang tinh
bude

ngoat,
chuyen
tir
Chien tranh Lanh,
ddi dau
sang
hgp tac va doi thoai./.
'"
CM.
xaKJKe:
CyjiHUKaa
T. H.
CmpaHH
ACEAH
u
MeoKdynapodHbie omHOiueHtiH
e
lOzo-eocmoHHoU
A3UU.C. 104-115.