Định hướng quản lý tổng hợp vùng bờ biển ở việt nam tuyển tập hội nghị KHCN biển toàn quốc lần thứ v quyển 5 sinh thái, môi trường và quản lý biển

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HOINGHI
•
•

K H O A H O C vA eO N G N G H t B IE N loA N Q uae
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LANTHUV
TUYEN TAp
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•

QUYEN5

SINH THAI, MOl TRUONG
. vAQuANLYBIEN
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NHA XUAT BAN KHOA HOC
. TIT
. NHIEN vA CONG NGHE.

NHAXUA.T BAN KHOAHOC.

TUNHIENVACONGNGHE
ZYXWVUTSRQPONM
..
.

18 dirong Hoang QuBe Vi~t, C~u Gi~y, Ha NQi
DT: Phong Quan Iy TAng hQ1J:04.22149041;
Phong Phat

hanh:

04.22149040; Phong Bien t~p: 04.37917148

Fax: 04.37910147; EmaiI: ; www.vap.ac.vn

HOINGHI
•
•
KHOA HOe y A eONG NGHE BIEN
ToAN Q u a e LAN THU·Y

TIEU BAN SINH THAI, MOl TRUONG

C H !U T R A c H

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7/10/2011


v iii HGFEDCBA

41.

H 9i nghi K hoa

Le Xuan Tuan, Pharn Thl Thu Trang
ghien CLm xac dinh khoang nong d<) NH/
trien cua hai loai vi tao
Determination
species

42.

of appropriate

N a n n o e h /o r o p s is

Tran Du'c Th~nh,
An orientation

for integrated

b ie 'n lo a n

quoc

va

of

pol'

H4 + va

a n d P la ty m o n a s

for microalgca

sp,

314

a Viet

am
in Vietnam

Minh Cong, Pharn Van Huy

coastal zone management

328

a Viet Nam

in Vietnam

337

Tu duy huang bien, chinh
lich sir Viet Nam
Sea-directed
thinking,
history of Vietnam

Cong

qponmlk

sp.

p /a ty m o n a s

Nguy~n Van Kim

i.e Dinh

V

306

coastal zone management

to integrated

1 6 /1 th tr

thich hop cho sir phat

rao can trong tri6n khai quan Iy tong hop d o i b e hien nay

Present barries

"'5.

nghe

guy~n Hu'u CU-

l hra Chi~n Thang, Tdn
Cac

4....

concentration

o e u /a ta

C ong

ro,':

va

o c u la ta

quan ly tong hop vung b e bi~n

Dinh huang

43.

N a n n o e h lo r o p s is

va

h9C

sach bao v~ chu quyen

policies

va tai nguyen

for sea sovereignty

and

bi6n trong

resources

in the

Hoe

348

tac quan

Iy nha mroc v~ bao V 9 rnoi tnrong

trong

quan

chung

hai

quan - thach thirc va giai phap
tate management
challenges
"'6 .

of environmental

ve

guy~n Van lI~nh,

at the navy force -

Xufin Hung va D& Thl Trinh

ghicn ciru hicn trang thong
chuan dir lieu v~ tai nguycn
Study of information
standard

47.

protection

and sollutions

357

tin, dir lieu bien va hai dao phuc
va moi truong

V1,l

bi~n

and data on seas and islands for development

for marine

resources

xay dung

of datum

and environment

Tr~n Dinh Lan, D& Th] Thu Huo'ng, Cao Th] Thu Trang va Luc Hens
Xay dung mot s6 cong

C 1 ,l

khoa h9C h6 tro quan ly moi tnrong

364

cang bi~n

a

ban dao Dong Duong
Buiding

some scientific

tools in support

the sea ports in Indochina

48.

management

for

Nguy~n Van Hanh, Vo Xuan Hung, Pharn H6ng Trung
Xay

dung

Database

49.

to the environment

peninsular

ca

sa

d fr

lieu hai d6 cac dao Viet

development

of marine

guy~n Thj Thu Hit, Tdn
TV

373

am

charts for Vietnamese

islands

Blnh Lan

380

d<)ng hoa cac buoc phan tich khong gian trong phan vung 0 nhiem

mroc ven b o Hai Phong

bang GIS

Automation

analysis

coastal water

of spatial

area by GIS

steps

in pollution

zoning

of

Hai

vung
Phong


314

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Email: thanhtd{i.imer.ac.vn

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Q L T H V B B p h a i p h u h 9 P v o i a i& u k ie n th ir c tiin
ta . M o h ln h Q L T H V B B

a

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V i? t N a m d ir o c x 6 y d u n g d u a tr e n c a c m u c lie u , q u a n

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V ? Ith lc h L in g v o i

v i v a tl6 i tu o n g q u a n ly . Q L T H V B B

I f; n h a n u tr c . td p I r u n g v a th o n g n h d t. K h u o n

h i m o t p h ir o n g

kh6 hanh

dong, cac

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m o t c h ir o n g

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ly . Q L T H V B B

C 1 lW Ct6 c h u c

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ta n g c o c d u t6 c h u c q u a n I f; c o q u y e n lu c , p h o n c d p th e o b a c d p c o b a n : tr u n g
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v a d u o i tln h ) . Q u a tr in h

a 6 u tir c a c d ir a n d ie m , r 6 i c h u y e n d ic h
nha nuoc,

co chuc

ndng duoc phon

q u a c a c c h u tr in h , m 6 i c h u tr in h g 6 m
cac chuang

b a n g ia o c h o c a c

cO '

duoc

n o m b u tr c . X u y e n

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c o n g c u th ir c h ie n v a c a c h o a t d o n g g ia m

s a t v a d a n h g ia

th e o c a c m u c tie u V C In o i d u n g d u o c x a c d in h .

A b str a c t

A

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FOR INTEGRATED
I

Though
m anagem ent

ta k e n
in

in te r e s t

V ie tn a m

s tu d ie s a n d p r o g r a m m e s
s p e c ific c o n d itio n s

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som e

15

h a s g a in e d ju s t

COASTAL

VIET

AM

years,

th e

a fe w

m a n a g e m e n t fu n c tio n s ,
th e s ta te a ttr ib u tio n ,

a c tio n s , p a tte r n s ,

th e in te g r a te d

a n d u n ifie d m a n a g e m e n t

s tr a te g y o r p la n .

The m odel

th r o u g h

s u ita tb ly

case

a p p lic a tio n .

/n

o f v ie w , w h ic h c o n ta in s
to

m o d e l is c h a r a c te r is e d

o f a n a c tio n fr a m e

w ill b e im p le m e n te d

r e g io n a l a n d lo c a l ( p r o v in c ia l) )

zone

a n d it s c a le . B e lo n g in g

c o a s ta l z o n e m a n a g e m e n t

b y th e c e n tr a lis e d

som e

T

c o a s ta L z o n e m a n a g e m e n t

a n d n e w p o in ts

u n its , o b je c ts ,

c o a s ta l

r e s u L ts fr o m

a n d u n s u ita b le

o f V ie tn a m , a m o d e L o f th e in te g r a te d

h a s b e e n d e e v is e d o n th e b a s ic o f o b je c titiv e s

in te g r a te d

r e s tr ic tiv e

w ith a n im p e r fe c t c o n c e p tio n

ZONE MANAGEME

b y a g e n c ie s

w ith p r io r
at

is s u e s o f a

3 le v e ls ( c e n tr a l,
w ith 5 s te p

s c a le d p r o g r a m m e s


T id u b a n S in h th a i, M 6 i tr u o n g

c y c le s , a m o n g
m m e n tio n e d

w h ic h

v ii q u a n I f; s u » FEDCBA

a r e b o th p r io r

above,

th e

m odel

e v a lu a tin g th e im p le m e n tio n

a n d s u p p o r tin g

in c lu d e s

m aesures

315

a c tiv itie s .
and

B e s id e s

to o ls J a r

th e c o n ta in s

m o n ito r in g

and

o j a c tiv itie s .

MonAutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Quan I y tong hop vung bo bi~n (QL THYBB) la mot chuang trinh duoc tao dung nharn
quan I y tai nguyen vung bo bien, co sir tham gia lien k~t cua t~t ca cac nganh kinh t~ chiu
tac dong, cac co quan chinh phu va cac t6 chirc phi chinh phu [6]. QLTHYBB
danh gia
toan dien, d?t ra cac muc tieu, quy hoach va quan I y h~ thong vung bo bi~n va tai nguyen,
co xet d~n cac d?c diem lich sir, van hoa va truyen thong, mau thuan loi ich sir dung. Do la
mot qua trinh lien tuc nharn dat toi su phat trien b~n virng [18,25]. Do hoan canh KT-XH,
co nhirng sir khac bier nh~t dinh trong viec ap dung mo hinh QL THYBB gifra cac mroc.
Mac du da co nhirng me hinh thanh cong [1, 3, 4, 15], nhirng tai nhieu noi, cac du an
QLTHYBB chua dat duoc hi~u qua cao, chira thuc SIJ tro thanh mot qua trinh "tv IIJC" [14,
da duoc tiep can khoang 15 nam, da duoc nghien ciru va
15]. 6 Viet Nam, QLTHYBB
thuc hien du an tri~n khai tai mot s6 di~m nho SIJ h6 tro quoc t~ [7, 10] va n6 hrc trong

mroc, da co nhirng dong gop quan trong v~ ph6 bi~n ki~n thirc, nang cao nhan thirc va tich
luy kinh nghiem [2, 8,12,13,19,20,23].
Tuy nhien, QLTHYBB v~n chua thirc su co mot
n~n tang I y luan chac chan phu hop voi di~u kien thirc ti~n cua mroc ta va chtra diroc v?n
hanh co hieu qua trong khuon kh6 h~ thong quan ly nha mroc [22].
'
Bai bao nay trinh bay nhirng k~t qua nghien ciru v~ xay dung mot mo hinh dinh hirong
cho QL THYBB a Viet Nam, tren co sa do co th~ van dung cho QL THYBB a cac vung va
dia phuong Cl,1 th~.

s o T IE P
1. COGFEDCBA
1.1.

Q uan

C~N

M O H iN H

Q U A .N L Y T O N G

H Q 'P V U N G

B O B IE N

di~m

Q LTH VBB phai

co

h ie u q u a ,

co

tin h k h a th i v a IHGFEDCBA
d u a c d u a v a o s u d u n g tr o n g th u c d .

QL THYBB phai la mot qua trinh van hanh "tv lire" 6n dinh lau dai thong qua nhirng dong
gop co hieu qua cho phat tri~n kinh t~ - xa hQi (KT-XH) va bao v~ rnoi tnrong nh~m thuyet
phuc sir cam k~t ung hQ cua cac nha chirc trach co th.1m quyen, cac t6 chirc xa hQi va sir
tham gia co y thirc cua cong dong. Qua trinh phat trien tv hJC phai g~n lien voi nguon dftu
nr tai chinh 6n dinh thong qua sir h6 tro ben ngoai va nguon t:;10 ra tir chinh cac heat dong
cua qua trinh quan

IY.

Q L T H V B B p h a i m a n g tln h to n g h o p v a h a i h o a , p h a i d a m b a a d u a c tin h d a n g a n h , d a

Nhin tong th~, tinh da nganh th~ hien m6i quan M kinh t~, xa hQi va
moi tnrong, Y ~ cu th~, da nganh the hien r5 m6i quan h~ gifta cac linh vue kinh t~ cong
nghiep, dich vu va nong lam ngir, co hra chon iru tien. QL THYBB phai hirong toi phat
trien ben virng voi ca ba muc tieu: kinh t~, xa hQi va moi tnrong, khong vi qua chu trong

m ~ IC tie u

va da

1 9 'i fc h .

tang tnrong kinh t~ ma xem nhe cac van d~ xa hoi nhu doi ngheo, b~t binh d~ng gioi, 0
nhiern va sire khoe c c n g dong, can kiet tai nguyen, ... Tinh da loi ich con nh~m hai hoa


316IHGFEDCBA

H o i baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
n g h f K h o a h 9 C v a C o n g n g h ? b id n lo a n q u o c ld n th tr V

quyen IQ'icua cac ben co IQ'i ich va do chinh la giai phap dung hoa va giam thieu mau thuan
loi ich su dung tai nguyen, tranh tranh chap, xung d(>t gay b~t 6n v~ chinh tri - xa h(>i d~n
toi phat tri~n thi~u b~n virng.
Khong th~ thtrc hien
thanh cong QLTHVBB
khi IQ'i ich ccng d6ng khong duoc darn bao. 80 la nhfrng IQ'i ich
khong chi v~ vat chat, ma can la v~n d~ sire khoe va van hoa - tinh th<1n. Huang toi IQ'i ich
cong dong tnroc h~t la gop ph<1n xoa giam doi ngheo, bao v~ d~ duy tri tai nguyen truyen
thong, cai thien sinh k~, tao viec lam moi, giu gin chat luong moi truong song, ton trong
tam linh va giu gin cac di san van hoa.
QLTHVBB

duoc

th u c h ie n p h a i d a m

baa

1 9 'i ic h c h a

cong d6ng.

1.2. Muc tieu va clurc nang quan Iy tBng hop vung bo' bi~n
a ) M { /c

theo
moi
mau

lie u

Dinh huang xay dung va thuc hien chuang trinh QL THVBB xuyen qua cac chu trinh
muc tieu phat trien ben virng, tren Co' sa sir dung hQ'P Iy va bao v~ tai nguyen, bao v~
tnrong, bao t6n tu nhien va van hoa, ngan ngira va phong tranh thien tai, dung hoa cac
thu~n va dam bao IQ'i ich cong dong.

b o bien Viet Nam, gop phan tich ClJC VaG
- Thuc d~y heat dong QLTHVBB a to an daiFEDCBA
phat tri~n b~n virng d~t mroc trong di~u kien h(>i nhap va mo rong hop tac quoc t~.

b ) C tu c c n iin g
C h ir c n d n g s a n x u d t, r~t dac thu cho QL THVBB vi day khong chi
nha mroc mang nang tinh hanh chinh, rna v~ ban ch~t can co "chirc
k~t hQ'P cac yeu t6 d<1uVaG nhu lao dong, tai nguyen thien nhien, v6n
cac sari pharn dac thu nhir nghi dirong c c n g cong a bai bien, tien nghi
mroc dam bao, phat trien rung ngap man, bao t6n bien, ...

don thuan la quan Iy
nang sari xu~t" nharn
va thai gian d~ tao ra

hang hai, ch~t IUQ'ng

gorn cac chu trinh n6i tiep nhau, m6i
C h L I 'c r u in g d ie b a a va k € h o a c h h o a . QL THVBB
chu trinh lai g6m mot s6 buoc theo trinh W nhfit dinh, Vi vay, du bao la mot clurc nang
quan trong, bao gom cac vfin d~ thay d6i v~ dieu kien kinh t~, hoan canh xa hoi va nhirng
vfin d~ tac dong moi truong n~y sinh, kha nang thien tai va ca nhtrng vfin d~ v~ rui ro cua
chinh QL THVBB. Tinh k~ hoach hoa phai diroc th~ hien rfit cao va dir bao t6t se dam bao
cho k~ hoach thirc hien thee ti~n trinh dir dinh.
C h u c r u in g d id u c h in h

va

b6 sung.

QL THVBB

tuan thu mot s6 nguyen

tac, dira theo cac

tieu chi, huang toi muc tieu da dinh nam trong khuon kho hanh dong. Tuy nhien, qua trinh
quan Iy dn mem rnong va linh hoat, co nhirng di~u chinh va b6 sung kip thai va phu hQ'P
trong qua trinh thuc hien, k~ ca tai buoc cuoi cua mot chu trinh, chuan bi sang chu trinh
ti~p theo. Pharn vi di~u chinh la chinh sach, k~ hoach quan ly va ca cac hoat dong cu the,
cac v~n d~ iru tien cho tung thai ky va tung dia ban. Ngoai ra, chirc nang di~u chinh va b6
sung co th~ d~ xuat cho ca quy hoach phat tri~n KT-XH vung, tham chi ca t6 chirc lanh th6
quy mo Ian hon trong tnrong hop dn thiet.

va

co chirc nang t6 ChtTCthong qua
thiet k~ Co' ch~ quan Iy va di~u hanh voi vai tro cua don vi chu dao va cac don vi tham gia;
C h u c r u in g

1 6 c h ir c , 1 9 P h 9 P

lie n

k it. QLTHVBB


T d u b a n S in h th a i, M 6 i tr u o n g

va

317
q u a n I f; B id n tsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

sir chi dao, thuc hien cua cac dp quan ly tir trung irong d~n dia phirong va moi quan h~
giira cac don vi tham gia. Quan ly nha mroc voi th~ thirc quan ly t~p trung, nhirng trach
nhiern tham gia cua cac ben co 19i ich va sir tham gia cua cong dong co vai tro r~t quan
trong dam bao thanh congo Vi vay, QLTHVBB phai dam bao chirc nang t~p hop va lien k~t
cac co quan quan ly nha ruroc, cac t6 chirc xa hoi, cac ben co 19i ich va cong d6ng dia
phirong.
v a g ia o IHGFEDCBA
d u e . QLTHVBB

dira vao th~ ch~ va chinh sach mang
tinh luat dinh, nhung chi thanh cong khi co SIJ dong thuan cua cac phia tham gia, cac ben

co loi ich va SIJ tham gia cua cong dong. Mu6n vay, tuyen truyen va giao due phai la mot
chirc nang quan trong nh~m nang cao nhan thirc, tr~ch nhiern cua cong dong,
C h tr c n a n g tu y e n tr u y e n

nh~m theo d5i tinh tinh thuc hien cam k~t cua cac ben
tham gia, viec tuan thu cac ehinh sach va phap luat, tac dong cua cac heat dong KT-XH toi
moi truong va tai nguyen va nhirng v~n d~ nay sinh rnau thu~n, nhtrng canh bao dn biet
sorn d~ irng xu . Viec danh gia giup eho nhan dinh v~ hieu qua heat dong quan ly, nhirng
t6n tai dn kh~e phuc, nhfrng di~u ehinh dn co giup eho hoan thien va d6i moi qua trinh
C h iic r u in g g ia m s a t v a d a n h g ia

quan

IY.GFEDCBA

1 .3 . T ic u

chi

quan

D am baa phat

Iy

tB n g

hop

v im g

b i)'

bi~n

tr id n b e n v iin g kinh t~, xii hQi va moi tnrong

g~n li~n voi bao dam an

ninh, quoc phong va chu quyen quoc gia; phat huy th~ manh tiern nang tren c o sa khai thac
hop ly, bao v~, dam bao an ninh va dir tru chien luge tai nguyen eho tirong lai; bao v~ va
duy tri chat hrong moi tnrong, duy tri va phuc h6i cac h~ sinh thai, da dang sinh hoc; ngan
ngira phong chong thien tai va giarn thi~u mall thll~n 19i ieh sir dung.
G op phdn

th u c tl6 y p h a t tr id n k in h

tl Tang tnrong kinh t~ ben vfrng thong qua su dung

hop Iy cac dang tai nguyen, ap dung cac thanh tuu khoa hoc va cong nghe, tranh t6n th~t
tai nguyen, tranh va han eh~ cac rui ro xu~t hien trong qua trinh su dung, d~u tu phat tri~n
do thien tai hoac cac SIJ c6 moi tnrong. Hieu qua kinh t~ dam bao lau dai nho khai thac va
chuyen d6i cac gia tri sir dung gian tiep cua tai nguyen thanh 19i ieh kinh t~.
D a m b a a b a a FEDCBA
V ? m o i tr u c n g ,

ngira 0 nhiem, duy tri
chat luong moi tnrong tram tieh, mroc va khong khi; bao v~ cac h~ sinh thai va da dang
sinh hoc; bao v~ va phat trien nguon 19i thuy sari; ngan ngira va phong tranh thien tai; bao
ve, phuc h6i canh quan W nhien; phat tri~n lam sinh va chong thoai hoa, xoi rnon d~t 'tren

bo; bao t6n va phuc h6i mot s6 d6i tuong sinh hoc, sinh thai hoc va W nhien, cac di san van
hca, cac di tich lich sir va khao e6.
D am

b a a a n n in h

b a a tlm tu n h ie n v a v a n h o a . Ngan

quoc phong.

Nhiern

vu an ninh, quoc phong

luon diroc eoi trong,

nharn thuc hien chien luge phong thu, bao v~ vung bo bo bien. Mat khac, ehinh an ninh quoc phong gap phan dam bao eho d~u tu va phat trien ben virng KT-XH.

•


318

baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

H (J i n g h i K h o a h 9 C

1.4. Chu th~, phurmg thtrc va pharn vi quan
If;: Nha

C h L I fh & q u a n

quan

nuoc

va

C ong ngh? bdn

to a n q u o c ld n th tr V tsrqponml

Iy

va cac co quan quan

ly nha mroc nrong duong

quy rno

IY.

Phuong

th tr c

q u a n If;:

Quan Iy nha mroc thong nhat bang luat, quy ch€ va chinh sach

[16], co SlJ van dong, tuyen truyen
co IQ'iich.
Pham

va giao due voi

v i q u a n IHGFEDCBA
ly : phia luc dia g6m

cac huyen

SlJ

tharn gia cua cong dong va cac ben

yen bien va phia bi~n co ban tinh d~n

duong dang sau 30m.
Q u y m o q u a n If;: Ba

dp co ban la trung uong, vung va dia phuong (dp

tinh va diroi

tinh).
D 6 i tu o n g

q u a n ly : baa gorn tai nguyen,

moi tnrong,

thien tai va cac hoat d9ng KT-XH

lien quan.
P h d n v u n g q u a n If;. Trang

ranh gioi nr nhien
diroc xac dinh la:
Thien Hu€), Nam
Kien Giang). Cac
dp dia phuong).
QL THVBB diroc
vung baa v~ thong

phan vung tong the QLTHVBB

duoc long ghep voi cac y€u t6 va ranh gioi hanh chinh [9]. B6n vung da
B~c B9 (Quang Ninh - Ninh Binh), BacTrung B9 (Thanh Hoa - Thira
Trung B9 (Da N~ng - Binh Thuan) va Nam B9 (Ba Ria - Viing Tau toi
vung b o bi~n co th~ duoc chia thanh cac tieu vung va khu VlJC (irng voi
D6i voi m6i phan vi vung, ti~u vung hay khu vue, viec phan vung
chia thanh 4 vung c o ban: vung baa v~ d~c biet, vung baa v~ tich cue,
thuong va vung baa v~ linh ha1;11.

2. KHUON KHO HANH DONG vA NHUNG
OVI~TNAM
2.1. Khufin

VAN DE iru TIEN CHO QLTHVBB

hanh dQng QLTHVBB

khB

Can cir vao

a Viet Nam, cac y€u t6 va

hoan canh tv nhien va dir

b a a bi€n dong,

hien trang va dinh huang

trien

KT-XH, hien trang va xu th€ di~n bi€n tai nguyen, moi tnrong va thien tai, co s a phap Iy
va mau thu~n IQ'i ich su dung, khuon ~6 hanh dong QL THVBB duoc xac dinh the a sau
v~n d~:
Tang cuong

th & c h i,

q u a n If; tr o n g v ie c

hop, chat che
quan h~ diroc
du an; Tuyen
tai nham dam

c h in h s a c h n h 6 m

ta o h a n h la n g p h a p

If;

va

co chi

cho cac nha

mot h~ thong t6 chirc quan ly co c o cau phu
t6 clnrc d~u moi va cac t6 chirc phoi hop thong qua cac m6i
d~u m6i la ban di~u phoi chuong trinh/dir an va van phong
giao due v~ luat phap, chinh sach [16]; Thirc hien cac ch~
tinh nghiern minh cua luat dinh phuc vu QLTHVBB;
D~

r a q u y e t d in h . Xay dung

va thong nhat, co
xac dinh r5 rang,
truyen, giai thich,
baa hieu luc va

xuat cac di~u chinh, b6 sung va sua d6i van ban luat dinh dlI co, dong thoi d~ nghi cac cap
quan Iy co tham quyen ra cac van ban luat dinh rnoi neu dn thiet.
Xay dung co s a v~t ch~t va nang hrc ky thuat baa gorn
tien, thi€t bi ky thuat, rnang thong tin, ... ; Bien che, dao tao va

X 6 y d u n g n d n g lic e Q L T H V B B .

h~ thong van phong, phuong


T d u b a n S in h th a i, M 6 i tr u tr n g IHGFEDCBA
ve l q u a n If B d n

319

tsrqponmlkjihgfe

nang cao dQi ngii chuyen gia, can bQ ky thuat va nhan vien van phong co trinh dQ, nang hrc
va ky nang; T6 chirc cac lap t~p hll~n b6i duong hoac thanh l~p trung tam dao t(;10v~
QL THVBB cho cac dia phirong; Thanh l~p cac t6 chirc, don vi tac nghiep phuc vu thong
tin, tuyen truyen, giao due va quan trac moi tnrong, giarn sat ca di~u kien b o bi~n va quan
ly hanh chinh.
X ay dung cac chuang
c a c tin h theo

tr in h h a n h d o n g m a n g tin h c h ie n lu o c c h o q u o c g ia , c d c v u n g v a

cac chu trinh, cac buoc trong mot chu trinh. Cac k~ hoach co th~ xay dung

theo nganh, co th~ theo khu

V\1C;

Quy hoach chi~n hroc sir dung tai nguyen

va bao v~ rnoi

tnrong vung bo bien theo phan vung chirc nang lam co c6 d~ nghi di~u chinh cac quy
hoach phat trien KT-XH.
X a y d u n g v a th u c h ie n c a c c h u a n g tr in h , d u a n h o a t a 6 n g q u a n I f tr o n g a d m , Quan ly,
sir dung hop ly tai nguyen thien nhien va bao t6n tu nhien, da dang sinh hoc; Quan ly rnoi
tnrong, phong tranh 0 nhiern, thien tai va cac S\1 c6 moi tnrong. Chu trong quan trac va
danh gia moi tnrong; Tang cuong th~ che, chinh sach va giao due, nang cao nhan thirc,
trach nhiem bao v~ tai nguyen - moi tnrong,
X a c ld p c o c h i a 6 u tu ta i c h in h b ~ n v iin g . Xac l~p c o ch~ nguon

d~u tu 6n dinh, " n r
lire" va lau dai dam bao cho S\1 t6n tai va hoat dong hieu qua cua chuang trinh; Cac nguon
tai chinh ti~m nang: tir ngan sach nha mroc thong qua cac bQ nganh va dia phuong, thue va
phi tai nguyen - moi tnrong; tir cac d~ tai, dir an phu hop, tai tro quoc t~ va trong mroc,
dong gop W nguyen cua cac t6 chirc, ca nhan; Xac l~p Co' che sir dung cac nguon v6n d~u
tu phu hop voi cac hoat dong cua qua trinh quan ly, nham 6n dinh nhimg heat dong t6i
thi~u nhu van hanh bo may quan ly, duy tri he thong thong tin, quan trac va danh gia, tu
v~n va ki~n nghi; Hinh thanh va xac l~p Co' che hoat dong quy QL THVBB lam n~n tang
cho hoat dong cac du an quan trac, nghien ciru va irng dung trien khai trong khuon kh6
QLTHVBB,
X a y d u n g c o c h i th a m g ia c u a c o n g a 6 n g , c a c h e n c o 1 9 'i ic h

v a c a c n h a k h o a h o c , Co'

ch~ thu hut S\1 tham gia cua cong d6ng nham tao dung S\1 d6ng thuan, tranh thu va phat huy
nguon lire, giam thi~u mau thufin sir dung va quan tam d~n 19i ich cua ho; Co' ch~ d6ng
quan ly va quan ly dira vao cong dong 6 cac tnrong hop phu hop; Co' ch~ cho S\1 tham gia
cua cac ben co loi ich nh~m tang cirong trach nhiern cua ho, S\1 dong gop cua ho v~ y

nrong, hoat dong va kinh phi, t(;10nen S\1 d6ng thuan va gop phan khac phuc nhtmg mau
thufin sir dung vung bo bien; Co' che cho S\1 tham gia cua cac nha khoa hoc, tranh thu diroc
S\1 dong gop co hieu qua cua ho trong viec cung dp nr lieu, thong tin cho qua trinh tu van
va quan ly.

2.2. Cac v§n d~ iru tien eho QL THVBB
Qua trinh QL THVBB duoc thuc hien tren cac quy mo khong gian khac nhau theo cac
dp dQ phan cap, phan vung va phan ky quan ly voi narn v~n d~ uu tien duoc lira chon
(bang I),
Tu k~t qua xac dinh thir ur uu tien cho cac v~n d~ quan Iy t6ng hop cho bon vung bo
bien la B~c BQ, B~c Trung

BQ, Nam Trung BQ va Nam BQ, thir n r cac v~n d~ uu tien cho

toan dai bo bi~n Viet Nam da: duoc xac dinh (theo thir tu th~p dan) la: 1- Quan Iy va Slr


320baZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
H ( 5 i n g h i K h o a h 9 C v a C 6 n g n g h e b d n lo a n q u o c 1 6 n th tr V

dung hop

ly

tai nguyen thien nhien; 2- Quan ly, ngan ngira va phong chong 6 nhiem va cac
3-Bao t6n tir nhien va da dang sinh h9C ; 4- Quan ly, ngan ngira, phong
tranh thien tai; 5-Giam thi~u mau thu~n loi ich.

sir c6 m6i tnrong;

Thir nr cac v~n d~ iru tien cua vung ven bo bi~n B~c B(> va Nam B(> tirong d6ng voi
U 'U tien
tai vung
nhau va tirong dong voi to an dai be bi~n Viet Nam. Trong khi do, thir tirFEDCBA
bo bi~n B~c B(> va B~c Trung B(> co nhirng di~m khac.
Bang

1:IHGFEDCBA
T h u I I ! c a c v e in a d u u lie n v a p h tin v im g u u lie n a d a i v e n
V~n d~ tru tien

TT

B~c

B~c

BQ
1

Quan

ly

va

su dung hop

ly

Nam
Trung BQ

BQ

Trung

b o V i? 1 N a m

Nam

Toan dai

BQ

bo' bi~n

1

1

1

1

1

tai nguyen thien nhien
2

Quan ly, ngan ngira va phong
chong 6 nhiem va cac sir c6
moi tnrong

2

3

2

2

2

3

Quan ly, ngan ngira, phong
tranh thien tai

3

2

4

3

3

4

Bao ton, bao v~ tir nhien va

4

4

3

4

4

5

5

5

5

5

da dang sinh h9C
5

Giarn thieu mau thu~n loi ich

Ghi chu: Thir tir

U 'U

tien cho 2011 - 2025; l-cao nhat, 5- thap nh~t

B a n g 2 . P h d n k y u u lie n q u a n I f to n g h o p d a i b o b iin

TT

V~n d~

U 'U

ticn

V ie t N a m

20112015

20162020

20212025

1

Quan ly va str dung hQ'P ly tai nguyen
thien nhien

1

2

2

2

Quan ly, ngan ngira va phong chong 6
nhiem va cac sir c6 moi tnrong

2

1

3

3

Quan ly, ngan ngira, phong tranh thien tai

4

3

1

4

Baa t6n, baa v~ tir nhien va da dang sinh

3

4

4

5

5

5

h9C
5

Giam thieu mau thuan loi ich


T ie 'u b a n S in h

th a i, M 6 i tr u o n g

va

quem

I f! B ie 'n tsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
321

£)~ thuc hien cac van d~ uu tien, can van hanh theo ba chuang trinh quan ly co ban.
Cac chuang trinh d~u xuyen suot ba giai doan, nlurng co nhfrng diem nh~n tai cac khong
gian quan ly vaIHGFEDCBA

a cac giai dean cu the khac nhau.
- Chuang trinh quan ly, sir dung hop ly tai nguyen thien nhien va bao t6n van hoa, tv
nhien, da dang sinh h9C (trong Him vao giai dean 2011 - 2015 va giai doan 2016 - 2020).
- Chuang trinh quan ly, phong tranh a nhiem, thien tai va cac su c6 rnoi tnrong (trong
tam vao giai doan 2016 - 2020 va giai doan 2021 - 2025).
- Chuang trinh tang cuong th~ che, chinh sach, nang cao nhan thirc va trach nhiern, su
tham gia cua cac ben co 19i ich va cong dong (h6 tro cho chuang trinh 1 va 2).

3. TO CHUC THlfC HI~N QUA.N LY TONG HQ'P VUNG BO BIEN
3.1.FEDCBA
C O ' ch~

ta chtrc

Nhirng kinh nghiern tir Trung Quoc [17], Philippines [3], cac nuoc khac va thirc ti~n
Viet Nam tai Da Nang va cac noi khac [15,20,25] cho phep tham khao d~ xay du c o ch~
QLTHVBB a Viet Nam. V~ t6 chirc bQ may heat dong QLTHVBB, h~ thong quan ly ba
cap, co khac biet voi mo hinh ba dp cua UNESCO [27]: cap trung irong dung d§.u la Ban
£)i~u phoi QL THVBB quoc gia voi BQ TN&MT la co quan d§.u moi, co SlJ tham gia cua
cac bQ nganh khac. Duoi SlJ di~u hanh cua Ban £)i~u ph6i QL THVBB QU6c gia co van
phong tong hop va 4 Ban Di~u phoi QL THVBB theo vung. Ban nay co trach nhiern xay
dung chi~n liroc, k~ hoach va cac chinh sach vung, quan ly va di~u hanh M thong cac hoat
dong cua chuang trinh QL THVBB thong qua Ban Di~u ph6i du an va Van phong dir an
QL THVBB cac tinh.
Ban £)i~u ph6i du an QL THVBB dp tinh, thanh pho true thuoc Trung irong nen do
mot Pho chu tich tinh lam truong ban, true thuoc UBND dp tinh va chiu SlJ quan ly theo
nganh d9C cua Ban £)i~u phoi QL THVBB dp vung. Van phong du an giup Ban di~u phoi
du an thuc hien cac hoat dong QLTHVBB cua tinh voi SlJ tham gia cua cac nhorn tu v~n va
chuyen gia, cac sa nganh, cac dia phirong quan huyen, cac t6 chirc khoa hoc, cac hoi xii hQi
va cac t6 chirc phi chinh phu va d?c biet co SlJ tham gia cua ben co 19i ich.