Hoạt động đứt gãy hiện đại vùng hải phòng quảng yên tài nguyên và môi trường biển

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CAC

CUU

PHONG

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NGUYEN

M O l (fR V O N G
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T R IN H

1991 - 1993)

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Tai nguyen

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va

moi truirng bien, T(ip 1/ - zyxwvutsrqponm
1994 lkjihgfedcb

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HO~T DONG DUT GAY HI~N D~I VUNG HAl PHONG - QUANG yl!N
Nguyen YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
C d n , Nguyen
D i n l i Hoe
(Dq,i H9C T6ng h o p HlL N(Ji);
Tran. o a « Thq,nh, Nguyen

Duc CIt,

Nguyen Hilu ca. Nguyen Chu HtJi
(PM n uien. Hdi duang h9C H d i Phbng)
I. D~T VAN Dk

Cac dut gay truct Mng theo phuong (Strike - slip Faults) la hlnh thai kien true pha
huy phd bi~n va d~c trung cho dai mang tai dai b¢ phan bien vi n¢i mango Do su thay
d6i trang thai cua trucng ung Built khu vVc, cac d~c trung co thuc cling nhu hlnh thai
nhisu Ihn trong lich sit dia cMt khu vue.
Cac dut gay truot bang theo phuong (DGTBTP)

khong bao gio phat tri€n

ma luon luon di kern cac t6 phan tach dan, xiet ap, dich truot
chiau vai dut gay chlnh).
thuong ph at tri€n

d9C

Cac: dai nang tr~i (push-ups)

don d¢c

(cung chiau va ngucc

va cac bon tram

tich

C1,lC

b¢

theo cac doi DGTBTP.

o

vung Hai Phong - Quang Yen, hoat dong DGTBTP hien dai bi€u hien kha da dang
va g6p phan hlnh thanh nhieu cau true dia chat, gay tac dong' Ion d6i vci hlnh thai
duong bo cling nhu dieu kien dia chat dia phuong. Bon tram tich D~ tu Hai Phong va

lien quan chat che vci no la vung cira song hlnh pheu (estuary) Bach Dang co quan M
true tiep ve mat nguon gec voi hoat d(>ng cua cac M DGTBTP.

.

II. NkN DJA CHAT
Cac da gan ket truce

Do la cac tram

D~ tu It? ch u yeu

tlch luc nguyen

cacbonat

(j

ph an dong hac cua vung nghien

nguon gec bien co tudi khac nhau

cuu (h.L).

tit Silua

d~n Triat, cac tram tlch a luc dia chua'than
Triat thuong, cac tram tlch luc dia mau
do tu6i Jura; rieng tram tlch Neogen (Mio-Plioxen) nguon g6c he-dam chi ph an b6 han
cM' trong bon trung Hoanh B~.

Tai go nang Do Son - Kien An, cac tram tlch vun luc nguysn va cacbonat co tuoi
trong khoang Silua-Cacbon 1(>rai rac tren dong bang duoi dang cac kh6i nui thap khong
lien tuc.
M6ng truce

D~ tu iJ vung cua song Bach Dang chlm sau den 60 m [9], con CJ phia

tay nam song V an Uc den 140m (Theo bao cao thong tin cua Doan dia chat Ha Noi,
6-1993), Vung cira song Bach Dang hien nay dang tiep tuc bi sut chlm, M lach trieu
day d~c lien tuc bi dao sau va me rong, bai trisu bi lay hoa, cac doi cat chan bi xdi 10
manh liet [4,9).
III. H O ~T t>Q N G DUT G A Y H I£N DM vU N G H A l P H O N G - Q U A N G Y £N

Hoat

d(>ng dut gay hien dal trong vung nghien

cuu noi rieng va phia Bac Dong

Duong noi chung, la san ph am cua pha bien dong pha huy bat dau tir cu6i Plioxen va
keo dai cho den hien nay. [1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11). Nghien cuu chi tiet bieu hien cua

54


pha hoat d9ng dut gay nay d vung Hai Phong - Quang Yen co the thay nhirng yeu to
d~c trung

nhu sau :

1. H4$ dill gay tr1.1<;1tN ui Deo .lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Do San

H~ dut gay nay keo dai theo phuong tay bac . dong nam (150° - 160°), cat cheo qua
vung nghien cuu tu Do Son qua Nui Deo, cat qua phia dong. thi xa Dong Trieu (h.I),
sau do (j ngoai vung nghien cuu, dut gay nay chay tiep dudi dang nhieu doan dut gay
khOng lien t\1C qua Hfru Lung, Trang Xa, Ch<;1Mai, Ch<;1Chu, Dai Thi; dean tu Hiru
Lung den Trang Xa, M pha huy nay thay d6i phuong den 30° (ducng phuong dut gay,
tu Trang XA den Dai Thi khoang 130°, nghla la gan nhu song song voi cac M dut gay
SOng Chay va Cao BAng - Lang Son). H~ dut gay nay chua M ducc ghi nhan tren Mt
cu ban dO dia cha:t nao, nhung bi~u hien trsn anh v¢ tinh TM/1989 lai ra:t da nhan
tha:y, no cAt qua ta:t cA cac ca:u true dia chat truce D~ tu (h.Z). Trong vung nghien cuu,
dut gay DO Scn
Nui Dso co mat truoc ra:t d6c (> 70°), dang xodn vo d6 khi thl earn
( s tr ia e )
tran
v~ huang tay nam, khi thl nghieng v~ huong dOng bac, nhung cac tia truotYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJ
mat dut gay thl hau nhu nam ngang trong co che' truct phai theo phuong ( d e s t r a l ) do
truong' ung suat co true iing suat ep cue dai ( 0 1 ) a kinh tuyen tao ra. Phan doan dua
theo su dich chuysn cac thanh tao da gan ket truck D~ tu do tac dQng cua dut gay a
phia dong Kinh Man, co the danh gia cu ly dich chuye'n giua hai canh dut hay chirng
trsn duoi 1000m.
S1,ixuat hien cua M dut gay Dai Thi - Do Son da noi d tren trong cau true tan kien
tao Vlet Nam chua ducc tlm hieu va ly gia! thau dao. M(>t vai s6 lieu ve M dut gay
nay d vung nghien ciiu ung' vdi doan Nui Deo - Do Son chua the dai dien cho toan he,
nhung co the ghi nhan ve sir ton tai khach quan cung nhu vai tro cua chung trong viec
hlnh thanh cac yeu to kien true cua vimg nghien cuu.
>

2. Hoat

dt)ng

dut

gay hien dai iJ phan ttiy nam

dut

gay Nui Deo .

Do

San

Phan dien tlch phia tay nam dut gay Nui Deo - D b Son thuoc vung nghisn ciiu duoc
d~c trung bang cac dut gay truot phai t~p trung chu yeu (j vung Dong Trieu - Kinh
Man (h.1). Trong vung Hai Phong - Kien An - Do Son - Thuy Anh, chu yeu ph at trien
cac dut gay truot trai ( S i n i s t r a l )
theo phuong DB - TN. Cac dut .gay truct phai phuong
TB - DN d vung thti nhat da duoc Nguyen Trong Yam [11, 12] ghi nhan, cung nhu
trong nhieu cong trlnh nghien cuu khac da neu kha 1'6 [2,3,5], nhung cac dut gay truot
trai cJ vung thtr hai con It duoc noi toi. Nhung dut gay nay, mot mat duoc ghi nhan
, chac chan tai cac doi pha huy da g6c d nui Xuan S<1n (Kien An), Kien Thuy va mom
nui phia bac ban dao Do Son vdi mat truot doc dung chua cac striae gan nhu nam
ngang, mat khac co bieu hien ro r~t tren anh v~ tinh Spot Panchromatic/1988
ya
TM/1989:
- Dut gay Song LU9c xuat phat tu phia dong bac thanh ph6 Hili Phong, truce tien
tao ra dean cong gap di thuong cua ha luu cac song Cira Cam va Lach Tray, sau do

chay gan trung voi song Luoc, gay ra doan cong di thuong cua song Hong gan Hung
Nhan rbi ket thuc bang each tao ra mot doan dong chay nhanh song Day tu Phu Ly
den gan Ly Nhan.
- Dut gay Kien Thuy gan nhu trung voi nhung dean cong di thuong cua song Van
Dc va song Thai Blnh (h.1)

55


- Dut gay D~ Son - Th\1Y Anh co tM keo dai qua Ian c~n Kien Xuong, tao ra doan
cong di thuong cua doan sOng HOng ghn Xu An Truong va con co th~ phat tri~n den
ghn Dong' Giao.
.
Ba dut gay truot trai trsn dAy chac chan chi la mot vai dl;li dien cho mQt d<'1idich
tru<;1tlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
(shear zone), cAt qua toan b¢ chieu ngang doi dia hao ha luu song Hbng duoc

M dut gay truot phai SOng Hong tao ra nhu to phan truct ngucc chisu (M dut
chlnh lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
gay R') cua n6. Theo nhirng doan u6n cong di thuong cua cac dong chay da ndi den a
trsn, co th~ phan doan cu ly dich chuydn trai cua cac dut gay huang DB chirng 2-3
km, M¢t dieu can luu y rang, cac s6 li~u quan trdc kien true mat dut gay (fault plane
solution) a Kien An va D~ Son ghi nhan chac chan st,t co mat cua cac diit gay phuong
TB-DN - ki~u dut gay SOng Lo - nhung do chi la pha truot trai xdy ra trong thai YXWVUTS
ky
Oligoxen - Plioxen som, cac dau hieu tai hoat dOng dudi dang truct phai trong giai dean
Plioxen muon - D~ tu khOng ro r~t. Ro rang phuong chu dao trong hoat dQng dut gay
hien dai a phan tay nam dut gay Nui Deo - Do Son 19.phuong DB-TN.
Truong ung suat kien tao gay ra cac kien true pha huy, ma hlnh thai chu yeu cua
chung 19.cac DGTBTP 0 phan tay nam dut gay Nui Deo - Do Son, xac dinh tren co so

phan tich kien true mat dut gay, CO 0 '2 gan thang dung, true ung suat ep cue dai a t a
kinh tuyen. Day chlnh 19.truong ung suat tac dong trong giai doan Plioxen muon - D~
tu tren lanh th6 Bac Viet Nam ma nhieu tac gia da xac nhan [1, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12].
Cac t6 phan tach dan Jdut gay thuan va khe nut tach) trong truong ung suat nay chu
yeu phat tri~n theo phuong a kinh tuyen.
3. Hoat dQng d~t gay hien dl;).i d phan dong bac dirt gay Nui Deo .' f)o Son

o

phan dOng bdc dut gay Nui Deo . D~ Son, phat tri~n rong rai cac dut gay thuan
phuong a vi tuy~n, chung cat qua tat cd cac thanli too truoc D~ tr1 ke' cd ccc tram tiel:

M tang tieu. giao (Mio-Plioxen),

Nhtrng dut gay thuan

rO net CJvung nu! Mi Son, Trang

a vI tuysn dU<;1Cquan trdc rat'

K~nh, Ysn Lap, phia bac BAi Chay, Theo phuong,

chang li~n ket chat eM voi cac dlU gay t r u o t p l u i ; phuong DB a IAn c~n Bal Chay Hen Gai. Cac dut gay trut;1t phai nay, v6n la mQt bQ phan cua M dut glly DOng Trieu
• Mdng' Cai dA ducc ghi nhan trong nhiau van li~u dia cMt [2, 3, 5, 11, 12],

M

dt'tt gAy

con tiep t\1C keo da! sang vung' ven bi~n Quang DOng (Trung Q1.l6c) va duc;1cghi nhan

chac chan la mOt M dut gay tl'l.tc;1tp hai hi~n d~i [7,8].
Cac dut gay truc;1t pha! phuong DB vCJibien dQ khOng Ion (c(J vai ba tram met) c(ing
xuA:t hi~n tr~n dao Cat. B a,
TO phan nghich cua cac DGTBTP

phuong DB IS. cac dut gay nghich nho phuong

kinh tuysn, kern theo hieu ung xiet ep va nang tr~i xuat hisn

a

a

Ian can Yen Lap, Chung

ti{i'p tuc keo dai theo phuong xu6ng phfa nam tao ra vung nang troi

a

dong nam

dEW

Hoang 'I'an. Nhan xet nay phu hop voi cac bi~u hi~n ve dia mao va tram tfch hien dai.
'I'ruong ung suilt kien tao ga.y ra cac kien true pha huy dut gay a phan dong bac
dut gay Nui DEw - Do Son co true irng suat nen ep cue dai
true

0 '2

-

(a t)

theo phuong

vI tuyen

gan thang dung. Cac dut gay thuan phuong a vl tuyen phat tri~n trong vung

cira song Bach Dang la t6 phan tach dan di kern cac DGTBTP

cua trucng

ung suat

nay. Otsuki [7] khi phan tfch cac DGTBTP vung ven bi~n Quang Dong (Trung Quac)
cung la xac nhan st,t ton tai cua truong ung suat nay trong giai do:;tn kien t~o hi~n d ~ t :

56


4, Vi tri ki~n tao cua bon H8.i Phong va vung ctta sbng hlnh ph~u Bach Dtlng

Net dac trung cua hoat d¢ng DGTBTP vimg yen bi~n HAi Phong - QuAng Yan laYXWVUT
phat tri~n r¢ng rai cac DGTBTP cung phucng DB - TN nhung dich chuydn truot
nguoc chiau nhau, d6i xung qua true bon triing hien dai HAi Phong. Chlnh s \ t dich truot
nguoc chieu nay da tao ra met d(1i tach dan lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
C1 phan trung gian, d~c trung bang s \ t xuat
hi~n t~p trung cac to phan tach .dan phucng a kinh tuy~n C1 phan tay' nam va phuong

(j phan dOng bac cua d(1i dut gay Nui Deo - Db Sen.
a vI tuy~n lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
'I'ruong ung sudt ki~n tao khi chuydn qua dClichuydn ti~p nay da d6i chieu 0 1 tit a
kinh tuy~n (j phan tay nam sang a vi tuyen C1 phan dong bac. Su d6i chieu nay lien
quan mat thiet vgi co thuc hoat dong cua h~ dut gay hlnh yang cung Son Duong - DOng
Trieu - Mdng Cai luon luOn truot phai tren su6t chisu dai cua no, du co s \ t d6i phuong
s \t

tit TB - DNsang

DB-TN.
Bon trung hien dai HAi Phong, ro rang da phat trien
:,";,

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H inh 1. Ok dLYt gay chu ycu thuQ c pha hien dja vung hfli Phong • Q uang Yen. 1· tram tich DC tLY;2· tram
tich M Jo·PU oxcn; 3· cac da gt1n kct tnl'cYc N eogen; 4· d(rt gj.y chu'a xac djnh ban chal; 5· du·t gay trU 'Q 'l b~ng
theo phu'O 'ng va phU 'O 'ng thLYCv~n dong; 6· dut gay thu~n, vl)ch nglln chi hl;O ng clIm Cllll m ~t tru-6'c; 7- dU ·t
gay nghjch, dinh tam gm c chi hU 'cYngclIm cua ~t

trl1'Q 't; 8· m nh gi6'i vung Sl,It trung m l)nh trang H oloxcn

(trung tam bon H ai Phong); 9· vung dl,l' dean phat lri~n cac dLYI gay thuan phU '011g a vi luycn;
dean pM t Iricn ca~ dLYI gay thuan phU '011g

a

10· vlmg d~r

kinh tuyen.

57


chisu cua truong
Wnh3.

ung' suat kien tao hien dai, Mo hlnh co che cua bon lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQ
ducc trlnh bay lkjihgfedcba
a
.

,0

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H~ dut gay Cao Bang - Tien Yen, trong giai doan kien tao hien dai, la dut gay truct
trai [11], di~u nay Iii. hoan toan hop I f mac du ai ding biet M dut gay cung phuong
TB voi no - M song Hong - sOng Chay - song LO - hien nay lai truct phai [1, 6, 8, 10,
11, 12]. Truong ung suat kien tao hien dai gay ra chuye n dich trai cua h~ Cao Bang Tien Yen cung chinh la truong ung suat tac dong tren phan dong bac dut gay Nui Dso

58


- Do Son ma ta da nhieu Ian nhac tai trong bai nay. VfJ,yco th€ nhan xet, ke't luan
M dut gay Dai Thi - Trang Xa - Hiru Lung - Nui Deo - Do San
duoc gi v~ vai tro cualkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
trong m6i lien M kheng gian lien quan tai hien tucng d6i chieu truong ung suat ki~n
tao hien dai hay khOng ? DiI. cho m6i lien quan nay la chua du co sa khang dinh, thl

chi It cho d~n muc d¢ tai li~u hien nay co tM xac nhan chac chan rang: truong ung
suat ki~n tao tac dqng a vung yen bi€n dOng bac co slj dinh hucng cac true ung suat
hoan toan khac voi truong ung suat ki~n tao tac d¢ng tr~n dien tfch thuoc phan canh
tAy nam cua M dut gay nsu trsn.YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA

Il tn h

3. Me hinh co chi! thanh 130 bon tram tich De III Hai Phong,

Xuat hien tren doi tach dan do su d6i chieu cua truong ung suat kien tao gay ra,
bon trung hien dai Hai Phong - ve bi€u hien dia 111l;lO la vung cira song hlnh pheu Bach
Dang, co dieu kien thuan loi de lien tuc mo rong va phat trien trong dieu kien che d9
ung suat kien tao 6n dinh. vai tro cua dong luc n¢i sinh trong su hlnh thanh mien cua
sOng nay din duoc tinh den trong ph an tich xu th~ bien d9ng cac dieu kien tIj nhien co Sd quan trong trong vise du bao, khai thac va bao v~ moi truong doi yen be vung
nghian ciiu.
TAl LIeU T H A M KHAO
1.lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
Allen J. V. Gillespfe A.R. Ban Yuan, Sick K.E. Zhang Buzhun. & Zhu C h e n g n a n ,
1984. Red River and associated faults, Yunnan Province, China, Quaternary Geology, Slip rates and seismic hazard. Geo.Soc.Am.Bull.,
95: 686-700.
2. Nguyen.

1988, Tan ki~n tao va dia chan Vi~t Nam (lanh tho va lanh hai). Luan
an Tien sl dia chat khoang vat hoc, DHTH Matxkva.

Can,

59

Cdn, zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA
1991. VA:n de dl,t bao cac doisinh d¢ng dA:t tr€m co Sd phan tich m6i

3. Nguy~n

li~n quan gifra ki~n tao va dia chan. Val net lien lkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONM
M d6i voi lanh tM va
lanh hai Vi~t Nam =Dia cM it 206 - 207: 24-36.YXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCB
d anh gia hien trang 'dAi bb bien
4 . Nguy~n
Chu H o i , P h a m Vi~t C u o n g , 1991. So IU<;1c
HAi Phong qua' tu li~u vi~n tham. "TAi nguysn vA moi truong' bien", NXB
HKKT Ha Nqi: 13-18.
5. Doujikou A.E.(Ed), 1965. Dia chA:t mien BAc Vi~t Nam. NXB KHKT, HA N¢i.
6. Le Loup P. H. 1991. Cinematique des deformation "Himalayennes" dans la zone de
cisaillement
crustal de l'Ailaoshane-Fleuve
Rouge. These de doctorat de
l'Universite Paris VI, France.
7. Otsuki K.1985. Plate Tectonics of Eastern Eurasia in the light of Fault Systems.
Tohoku Univ. ScL Rep. 2nd ser. (Geol.) vo1.55, no.2: 141-251, Sendai Japan.
T'ap p on i er

1977. Active
faulting
and tectonics
in
China.J.Geophys.82:
20905 - 20930.
9. Tran. D ue Thanh, 19Q1. Dac dh~m co ban cua cac bon tlch tu hien dai tieu bieu d

did yen bo tay vinh Bac Be»."tai nguyen va mei trucng bien", NXB KHKT,
Ha Ne»i, 39-47.
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Cenozoic Tectonics of North Vietnam. Proc. 2nd. Confer.Geol. Indoch.,
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P.

and

M on ar

P.,

Hanoi,

1991: 403.
11. Nguyen. Trong Y~m, 1991. Dac diem chu y~u cua dia dong luc hien dai lan~ th6
mien Bilc Vi~t Nam. "Dia chat - Tai nguyen", NXB KHKT, HA N9i, 1991.
7-9.
12. Nguy~n Trong Y~m, 1991. Truong ung suat ki~n tao .trung song Hong. Ibid.: 19-23.
SUMMARY
RECENT

FAULTING

IN IlAI PIIONG - (JUANG

Nguyen

Can,

YEN REGION

Nguyen

Tran Duc Thanh,
Nguyen
Active

strike-slip

faults,

abundantly

manifested

Huu

Cu, Nguyen

in Hai Phong

are caused

by reorientation

destral

Deo - Do Son Fault, the stress field with the maximum

axis

Nui

(0 1 )

The axis

orientated
01

changes

of the recent stress field.

N-S, mainly produces NE sinistral
90° into E- W direction

Do Son Fault, gives the apperance
tems, related to and accompanied
Hai

tuary,

Phong

in motion.

Cnu

Hoi

- Quang

Yen region,
of

compressional

stress

and NW destral strike-slip

faults.

in the rea northeastuiards

of E- W normal faults plus
basin,

Hoe,

Duc Cu,

In the area southuiestuiarde

ioirli NE destral strike-slip

depositional

is located in the transitional

but inversion

60

Quaternary

D in li

Nguyen

of the Nui Deo -

extensional

tracture

sys-

faults.

g e o m o r p h o lo g ic a lly

gap between two fault fields

manifested

as an es-

of the same direction
.