dictionary p (FILEminimizer) từ điển anh việt chuyên ngành công nghệ ô tô

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Pp

P (a) (gear selector) = PARK: Tay số
P (đậu) (hộp số tự động)
(b) letter on the sidewall of a tyre
denoting the maximum speed for
which it is designed (150km/h or
95mph): Ký tự trên vỏ xe chỉ tốc
độ tối đa 150km/h.
p/a (short for) POWER-ASSISTED:
Trợ lực
packed glandn.(pump) Cylindrical
recess that accommodates a
number of rings of packing around
the shaft or shaft sleeve: Rãnh đặt
bạc trên trục (bơm)
(NOTE: also called stuffing box)
pad (short for) BRAKE PAD: Má
phanh.
pad retainer (pin) n. pin which
locates the brake pad in a disc
brake: Chốt giữ má phanh
(phanh).
pagoda (-style) roof n. unusual roof
design, introduced on the
Mercedes-Benz SL Hardtop,
which was slightly lower in the
centre than at the sides: Mui xe

kiểu tháp.
paint 1 n. any pigmented liquid,
liquefiable, or mastic composition
designed for application to a
substrate on a thin layer which is
converted to a solid film after
application: Sơn
2 v. In an automotive context,
painting usually means spray
painting: Phun sơn
 paint booth n. closed section in
a painting line in which coats of
paint are applied: Phòng sơn.
 paint chip book n. = COLOUR
CHART: Biểu đồ màu (sơn)
 paint colour matching n.
determining the correct paint
shade with the aid of colour charts
and special mixing devices and, in
difficult cases, via spectral
analysis: Sự chọn màu sơn cho
phù hợp khi sơn dặm.
 painting line n. route taken (and
processes undergone) by the
bodywork of a newly
manufactured vehicle on its way
through the paint shop: Dây
chuyền sơn
painting robot n. robot used for
paint application: Người máy được

dùng cho việc sơn.
 paint refinishing n. the various
steps involved in repainting a
secondhand car: Các bước khi sơn
lại xe cũõ.
paint shop n. (a) production stage in
an automobile manufacturing plant
during which the bodywork is
treated with paint: Phân xưởng
sơn
(b) separate paint repair shop,
usually near a body repair shop
(i.e. for damaged vehicles):
Phòng sơn
 paint stripper n. liquid paint
remover: Thiết bò cạo bỏ sơn
P

paint stripper
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 paint system n. the sum of all
coats of paint on a work: Các lớp
sơn
 paintwork n. overall result of
painting; the paint coating or
finish: Sơn
PAIR system n. = PULSE AIR
SYSTEM: Hệ thống dùng rung

động khí thải để nạp không khí
vào đường thải
palladium n. white, ductile, malleable,
noble metal of the platinum
family; atomic number 46, atomic
weight 106.4: resembles platinum
and together with other platinum
metals is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Pali (hóa học)
pane n. sheet of a window glass:
Tấm kính.
panel n. (a) part made from sheet
metal; e.g. door panel: Bảng, tấm
(thép)
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa
 panel beater n. (a) person
who beats out the dented
bodywork of a damaged vehicle
(b) = PANEL HAMMER: Thợ
đồng.
 panel beating n. beating out the
dents in damaged bodywork: Gò
thùng xe.
 panel bonding n. new repair
process using a special adhesive to
glue body panels in place instead
of spot-welding them: Phương
pháp mới sửa thùng xe bằng

dùng chất keo đặt biệt để dán.
panel cutter n. air-operated tool
used to cut out old panels: Máy
cắt khung cũ (làm đồng)
 panel flanger n. = JOGGLER:
Máy gấp tấm.
 panel hammer n. special
hammer for metalworking that has
two differently-shaped heads for
different purpose, e.g. cross-peen
and shrinking hammer: Búa gò
thân xe
 panelling n. (a) a combination
of separate sheet metal panels to
form a complete assembly, e.g. the
outer panels of the body or even
the panels surrounding the engine:
Tổ hợp khung vỏ xe.
(b) plastic moulding; e.g. interior
trim of doors: Khung nhựa (gắn
tableau)
 panel picking n. straightening
very fine indentations or marks of
very small diameter on a panel
surface with a pick hammer: Gò
tinh
panel puller n. tool with slide hammer
and hook or self-threading screw
tip to pull dented doors, wings and
other sheet metal panels back into

place: Dụng cụï kéo khung vỏ.
(NOTE: US English is knocker)
Panhard rod n. transversely mounted
bar between a beam axle and the
vehicle body as a lateral location
of the axle: Thanh xoắn Panhard.
 Panhard rod mounting box =
box section used to mount the
Panhard rod of the rear axle: Giá
lắp thanh xoắn Panhard.
panoramic windscreen n. a
windscreen style popular in the
paint system

panoramic windscreen
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1950s and’60s that featured
recessed screen pillars, giving a
wide, unobstructed view of the
road; entry for the front passengers
was awkward, since the screen
pillar corners projected into the
door opening: Kính xe nhìn được
bao quát.
pantechnicon n. large van or lorry,
especially one for moving
furniture: Xe vận tải lớn để
chuyên chở đồ gỗ.

parabolic reflector n. old headlight
reflector in the shape of a
parabola, now replaced by
ellipsoidal reflectors: Gương phản
xạ đèn pha có dạng parabôn
 parabolic spring n. leaf spring
tapered in the shape of a parabola:
Lá nhíp dạng đường parabôn
paraffin n. in automotive applications,
used as a solvent for removing
grease: Dầu lửa
(NOTE: US English is kerosene)
parallel 1 a. the same distance apart
at every point: Song song
2 n. two or more electrical
components each receiving the
same voltage: Thiết bò điện mắc
song song .
3 v. to connect in parallel: Nối
song song
 parallel action locking pliers
n. locking pliers with parallel
action jaws, e.g. for pinching off
hoses when servicing cooling
systems: Kìm khóa miệng song
song.
 parallel circuit n. electric
circuit in which the individual
components are connected
between two points, with one of

the two ends of each component
connected to each point;
arrangement used in the vehicle
electrical system: Mạch điện song
song
 parallelism n. (of brake discs)
same thickness all the way round:
sự mòn đều đóa phanh
 parallel key n. = FEATHER
KEY: Chìa khóa miệng
 parallelogram steering
(system) n. steering system with a
drop arm and idler arm: Hệ thống
lái hình bình hành .
 parallelogram suspension n. =
DOUBLE WISHBONE
SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo
hình bình hành.
 parallel trailing link
suspension n. front suspension
layout used primarily by
Volkswagen on rear-engined cars:
Hệ thống treo trước với các đòn
kéo song song.
parallel twin n. type of engine usually
found on traditional British two-
cylinder motorcycles: loại động cơ
hai xy lanh của Anh dùng cho xe
gắn máy.
parallel valves n. inlet and exhaust

valves with parallel valves stems:
Các sú páp đặt song song (hút và
thải)
parent panel n. the panel left in
place on the car to which a new
panel is welded after all the rusted
metal has been cut out: Phần còn
lại của khung mục khi làm đồng.
park (P) 1 n. one of the positions of
the gear selector for an automatic
pantechnicon

park

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gearbox; when engaged (after the
vehicle has come to a complete
standstill) the driving wheels are
locked: Tay số đậu.
2 v. to leave a vehicle in a
particular place: Đỗ xe.
 parking brake n. mechanically
operated brake that is independent
of the foot-operated service brakes
on the vehicle; set when the
vehicle is parked, usually by hand
(handbrake) but sometimes by foot
on some American cars: Phanh

(phanh) tay.
 parking brake console =
reinforcing member incorporated
in the centre tunnel area of the
floorpan to provide the mounting
support for the handbrake: Giá đỡ
cần kéo phanh tay.
 parking brake lever = (inside
drum brake) lever which spreads
the brake shoes outward; the long
end is connected to the parking
brake shoe and to a push bar which
acts on the other shoe : Cần đẩy
guốc phanh.
 parking brake lever strut =
push bar between the shoes in a
drum brake: Thanh đẩy guốc
phanh.
 parking brake pedal = foot-
operated pedal for the parking
brake: Bàn đạp phanh tay.
 parking disc n. marker
displayed on the inside of a parked
car showing time of arrival (of
latest permitted time of departure):
Bảng thông báo thời gian đỗ xe.
parking heater n. air heating system
which operates independently of
the engine: Hệ thống sưởi nóng
hoạt động độc lập với động cơ.

 parking interlock n. =
PARKING LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa ở
tay số đậu
 parking light/ lamp n. energy-
saving vehicle illumination mode
for longterm roadside parking;
includes only one front sidelight
and one taillight; the parking light
can be switched to illuminate the
LH or RH side: Đèn đỗ xe.
 parking lock (PL) n. block gear
and pawl that lock the transmission
mechanically: Cơ cấu khóa ở tay
số đậu.
 parking lot n. US (ground level,
outdoor) car park: Bãi đậu xe.
 parking meter n. coin-operated
timing device that indicates how
long a vehicle may legally remain
parked: Thiết bò báo thời gian có
thể đỗ xe.
 parking space n. parking place
reserved for a particular vehicle:
Nơi đỗ
 parking ticket n. written fine
for a parking offence: Phiếu phạt
đỗ xe không đúng chỗ.
 park/ neutral safety switch n.
= STARTER INHIBITOR
SWITCH: Công tắc an toàn khởi

động.
part n. component: Thành phần,
phần, phụ tùng.
partial flow filter n. = BYPASS
FILTER: Bộ lọc mạch rẽ.
 partial respray n. respraying
part of the bodywork: Sự sơn lại
một phần thân xe.
parking brake

partial respray

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Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
(NOTE: opposite is full or
complete respray)
particulate catalyst n. pellet
catalyst: chất xúc tác dạng hạt.
 particulate emission n.
emission of solid particles of
carbon and unburnt hydrocarbons
from the exhaust system: Hạt
muội than trong khí thải.
 particulate emission limit =
weight of particulate emissions in
the exhaust of diesel engines,
specified in grams per mile: Sự
giới hạn lượng hạt muội than
trong khí thải.

 particulate ignition
temperature n. in diesel filtration
tests, the exhaust gas temperature
at which there is an equilibrium
between particulate burn-off and
deposit build-up: Nhiệt độ của khí
thải giữa điểm tự làm sạch và
điểm kết muội.
particulate matter (PM) or
particulates n. suspended solids
of carbon and unburnt
hydrocarbons from the exhaust
system: Than đóng lại trên pô
part-load operation n. operation of
systems and components under
conditions below full load: Sự
hoạt động với một phần tải.
part out v. US to break up for spares:
Rã xe lấy phụ tùng
part panel n. = PATCH PANEL:
Miếng đắp (làm đồng)
parts catalogue n. catalogue listing
available spare parts: Danh mục
phụ tùng.
part(s) number (p/n, PN) n.
reference number attributed to
particular part: Mã số phụ tùng
part-throttle operation n. driving
without using full throttle: chạy
với cánh bướm ga mở một phần.

part-time four-wheel drive n.
manually selectable four-wheel
drive: Chọn dẫn động bốn bánh
bằng tay.
PAS = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Hệ thống lái có trợ
lực
pascal (Pa) n. SI measurement of
pressure (= ten newton per square
centimeter): Đơn vò đo áp suất
pass v. to overtake: Vượt
passenger car n. (usually) four-
wheeled motor car powered by an
IC engine and designed for
passengers: Xe du lòch, xe con
 passenger car wheel =
generally one-piece wheels made
of sheet steel (rim and disc are
welded together) or light-alloy
(cast or forged alloy wheels), and
designed for tubeless tyres: Bánh
xe liền khối.
passenger compartment or
passenger cell n. part of the car
in which the driver and passengers
sit: Khoang hành khách.
 passenger-side air bag n. an air
bag restraint system designed to
protect the front passenger;
introduced on some cars in the

early 1990s, it usually occupies the
space normally provided for a
glove compartment: Túi khí dành
cho hành khách.
particulate catalyst

passenger
-
side air bag

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passivate v. to reduce the reactivity of
a chemically active metal surface
by electrochemical polarization or
by immersion in a passivating
solution: Làm thụ động hóa, làm
chậm phản ứng (ăn mòn).
passive safety n. features designed
to alleviate the consequences of a
crash, such as air bags, collapsible
steering column, head restraints,
toughened windscreen, etc.: Sự an
toàn thụ động.
(NOTE: opposite is active safety)
patching n. repair method for welding
up local corrosion damage by using
smaller panels made up from sheet
metal: Sự đắp vá (hàn thân xe)

 patch panel n. small sheet
metal panel that is usually made
up specially to repair minor rust
holes: Miếng vá, tấm ráp nối.
pattern panel n. body panel made by
somebody other than the original
manufacturer, usually for repair
purposes; this also includes panels
remanufactured after the spare
parts supplies from the factory
have been discontinued: Tấm
thùng xe tự gò.
pawl n. (a) an arm pivoted so that its
free end can fit into a notch, slot,
or groove at certain times in order
to hold a part stationary (b) catch
at the bottom of a lever which
connects with a toothed rack to
hold the lever in position (e.g. with
a handbrake lever or in ratchets):
Móc gài, con cóc,chốt chặn.
payload n. the revenue-earning cargo
of a commercial vehicle or the
weight of the cargo: Trọng tải.
PB = POWER BRAKES: Trợ lực
phanh (phanh).
PC = PITCH CIRCLE,
POLYCARBONATE
pcb = PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD:
Bảng mạch in.

PCD = PITCH CIRCLE DIAMETER
PCI = PROGRAMME
COMPARISON AND
IDENTIFICATION: Chương trình
so sánh và nhận dạng.
PCV = POSITIVE CRANKCASE
VENTILATION: Thông khí hộp
các te.
PCV valve = usually located on the
cylinder head cover, this valve
allows a certain amount of
crankcase blow-by gases to be
metered into the intake system for
burning: Van thông khí hộp các
te.
PE = POLYETHYLENE,
POLYELLIP-SOIDAL
peak power n. point of maximum
torque: Mo ment cực đại.
 peak revs n. point of maximum
engine speed: Số vòng quay tối
đa.
 peaky a. (of an engine) only
able to deliver useful power at
high revs, necessitating frequent
gearchanges: Xe chạy ở tốc độ
quá cao cần thiết phải chuyển số
pedal n. foot-operated lever: Bàn
đạp.
 pedal clearance = the distance

between the pedal and the floor,
when the pedal is fully depressed;
reference points may vary:
Khoảng hở bàn đạp.
passivate

pedal clearance

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 pedal free play = the distance
a pedal moves until a slight
resistance is felt / pedal pulsation
= vibration of the brake pedal
when depressed, caused by a
defective disc or drum (or when
ABS is activated): Sự rung động
của bàn đạp phanh (phanh
ABS).
 pedals = the accelerator pedal,
brake pedal and clutch pedal: Các
bàn đạp.
 pedal travel = the total stroke
of a pedal: Hành trình tự do của
bàn đạp.
peen n. ball-shaped, or narrow wedge-
shaped end of a hammer head
opposite the flattened striking
face: Đầu mũi búa.

 peen hammer = body hammer
with a peen of triangular section
with a fairly sharply shaped end:
Búa đầu tam giác.
 peening n. flattening or
shaping with a peen hammer: Sự
gò bằng búa.
PE headlight n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a poly-
ellipsoidal reflector: đèn đầu với
bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid
pein n. = PEEN: Đầu mũi búa
pellet-type catalytic converter n.
the first type of automotive
catalytic converter, introduced in
the USA in 1975: Bộ xúc tác loại
hạt.
pencil-type glow plug n. =
SHEATHED-TYPE GLOW
PLUG: Bougie xông máy loại
ống.
pendulum impact test n. the standard
test methods are the Izod and
Charpy test; the specimens have a
standard notch machined in them,
and the impact energy absorbed in
breaking the specimen is recorded:
Sự kiểm tra độ cứng bằng con
lắc.

penetrating oil n. thin oil used to
loosen corroded parts: Dầu nới
lỏng những phần bò ăn mòn.
pent crown piston n. piston design
with a sloping, pent-roof shaped
piston crown to improve the flow
of the fuel/ air mixture and to
increase engine compression:
Piston đầu vát nghiêng.
 pent-roof combustion chamber
n. combustion chamber whose top
is angled like a roof: Buồng cháy
kiểu vát nghiêng.
performance n. (a) the general way a
car (or any other machine or
material handles: tính năng xe
(b) specifically, a car’s
acceleration and top speed: Đặc
tính gia tốc và số vòng quay cực
đại.
 performance characteristics of
materials n. specific values for
materials, obtained by standard
test methods and available for the
selection of appropriate materials:
Đặc điểm, đặc tính của vật liệu.
 performance handling system
n. typically consists of front and
rear anti-roll bars, nitrogen-filled
gas shock absorbers, special

springs: Hệ thống điều khiển tính
năng xe.
pedal free play

performance handling system
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 performance tuning n. efforts
to improve vehicle performance in
particular, such as upgraded
suspension, higher engine output
and/ or torque, or drag-reducing
measures, such as the addition of
spoilers: Sự điều chỉnh để cải
thiện tính năng xe.
perimeter frame n. type of frame
widely used for American car that
incorporates separate frames; the
side and crossmembers form a
border that surrounds the
passenger compartment: Sườn xe
dạng uốn tròn.
permanent four-wheel drive n.
permanently engaged four-wheel
drive (with lockable or limited-slip
differentials): Sự dẫn động bốn
bánh thường xuyên.
 permanent magnet n. magnetic
material such as hardened steel

that has been strongly magnetized
and retains its magnetism
indefinitely; used in electric
machines: Nam châm vónh cửu.
personal(ized) numberplate n.
numberplate chosen (at a cost) by
a vehicle’s owner, rather than one
allocated by the authorities (in the
UK, the DVLA): Bảng số do chủ
xe chọn số (đẹp)
Perspex see POLYMETHYL
METHACRYLATE: Kính
Perspex dẻo.
petroil lubrication n. a lubrication
method for two-stroke engines
where the oil is added to the fuel
and lubricates the moving engine
parts as the air/ fuel mixture
passes through the crankcase: Sự
bôi trơn bằng xăng pha nhớt.
petrol n. liquid blend of hydrocarbons
refined from petroleum, used as a
fuel for SI engines: xăng
(NOTE: US English is gasoline or
gas)
 petrol engine = spark ignition
engine, using petrol as a fuel:
Động cơ xăng
 petroleum n. the crude oil
from which petrol, lubricating oil,

and other such products are
refined: Dầu thô
 petroleum jelly = whitish
jelly-like substance obtained from
petroleum, used as a lubricant and
as a protection against corrosion:
Mỡ bôi trơn (mỡ bò)
 petrol pump n. pump which
dispenses petrol at a filling station:
Bơm xăng ở trạm bán xăng
(NOTE: US English is gas pump)
 petrol station n. filling station:
Trạm xăng dầu, cây xăng
(NOTE: US English is gas station)
 petrol tanker n. specially
equipped lorry for transporting
petrol/ fuel: Xe bồn chở xăng
dầu.
PFI = PORT FUEL INJECTION:
Phun xăng đa điểm
phase-locked loop circuitry see PLL
CIRCUITRY
Phillips screw n. proprietary type of
cross-head screw: Vít đầu rãnh
chữ thập, vít pa-ke.
 Phillips screwdriver =
proprietary type of cross-head
screwdriver: Tua nơ vít đầu chữ
thập.
performance tuning

Phillips scr
ewdriver

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phosphate coating n. conversion
coating produced by phosphating:
Lớp áo (sơn) ngoài bằng
phôtphat.
 phosphate section = section in
a painting line in which phosphate
treatment is performed: Bộ phận
xử lý phôtphat.
 phosphate treatment =
treatment of metals with a
phosphating solution to produce a
phosphate conversion coating on
the surface: Sự xử lý photphat.
 phosphating n. = PHOSPHATE
TREATMENT: Sự xử lý bằng
photphat.
 phosphating solution =
solution of phosphoric acid, often
enriched with zinc, used during the
bodywork production process for
cleaning and rust prevention: Dung
dòch photphat kẽm (chống ăn
mòn)

pH value n. measure of the
concentration of hydrogen ions in a
solution, which shows how acid or
alkaline it is pH: Độ pH.
pick and finishing hammer n.
widely used type of body hammer
with a pointed end on one side and
a shallow domed end for finishing
on the other side: Búa đầu nhọn
và đầu vòm.
pick hammer = hammer with a round
head for conventional planishing
and a small pick-shaped head for
working away in sharp or tight
corners: Búa đầu nhọn.
( NOTE: not to be confused with a
bullet-point pick hammer, which
has a more blunt pick, nor with
peen hammer)
pickling n. removal of oxide or mill
scale from the surface of a metal
by immersion, usually in an acidic
or alkaline solution: làm sạch gỉ
bằng cách nhúng vào dung dòch
acid hoặc bazơ.
 pickling attack = initial
chemical reaction between
phosphating solutions and metal
surface in phosphate treatment:
Phản ứng của dung dòch tẩy với

bề mặt kim loại.
pick-up n. (a) transfer of material, as
between bearing and shaft, caused
by friction and heat due to lack of
oil; can lead to seizure: Sự dính 2
bề mặt do thiếu bôi trơn.
(b) small truck with an open body
and low sides: Xe tải nhỏ, không
mui, thành thấp.
(NOTE: called a utility or
informally ute in Australia)
 pick-up coil n. coil in which
voltage is induced in magnetic
pick-up assembly: Cuộn dây cảm
biến điện từ.
 pick-up module = trigger-
activated device which sends a
signal to the ignition unit of an
electronic ignition system: Cụm
cảm biến điện từ.
 pick-up pipe n. = OIL PICK-
UP (PIPE): Ống dẫn dầu.
 pick-up screen = OIL PUMP
STRAINER: Lọc bơm dầu.
 pick-up tool n. tool with a
flexible or rigid shaft and a claw
type pick-up end; used to retrieve
phosphate coating

pick

-
up tool
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
262
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
small objects from hard-to-reach
areas: Dụng cụ gắp vật rơi.
pig iron n. produced in blast furnaces,
pig iron is the raw material for
practically all iron and steel
products; contains about 3-5%
carbon: Gang
pigtail n. = WIRING PIGTAIL: Đầu
dây điện ngắn nhô ra từ thiết bò
điện
piling n. the build-up of metal on a
contact breaker point: sự dòch
chuyển kim loại trên mặt vít lửa
(NOTE: opposite is pitting)
pill n. jet in the fuel-return line
which establishes the mixture:
Giclơ cân bằng hỗn hợp trên
đường ống hồi nhiên liệu.
pillar n. post between the roof and
the waistline; from front to rear,
there are A-, B-, C-, and D-pillars:
Trụ đỡ, trụ chống.
 pillar jack n. = TOWER
JACK: Con đội hình tháp, con
đội chết.

 pillar light n. courtesy light
mounted on the central pillar: Đèn
trụ cửa.
pilot bearing n. US = SPIGOT
BEARING: Ổ lót dẫn hướng.
 pilot hole n. hole which acts as
a guide when drilling a larger hole
or for a self-tapping screw: Lỗ dẫn
hướng.
 pilot jet n. jet in the idling
circuit of a fixed jet carburettor
which measures and a admits fuel:
Giclơ cầm chừng.
 pilot shaft n. dummy shaft
which is used to align parts and is
removed before final assembly of
the parts: Trục dẫn hướng.
pin n. bar used as a pivot or swivel
(e.g. kingpin, swivel pin) , or as a
fastener (e.g. cotter pin, dowel
pin): Chốt, trục.
pinging n. US = PINKING:Tiếng gõ.
pinholing n. tiny bubbles in the finish
that are often grouped together;
caused by trapped solvents,
moisture or air released from the
film: Lỗ nhỏ trên lớp sơn
pinion (gear) n. a gearwheel which
engages with a rack or larger
wheel and whose diameter is not

much larger than the diameter of
its shaft or axle: Bánh răng nhỏ
 pinion shaft n. short drive
shaft in the rear axle connecting
the prop shaft to the crown wheel
via the final drive pinion: Trục
bánh răng bên của bán trục.
pinking or US pinging n. metallic,
pinging noise caused by
detonation or partial detonation in
the combustion chamber of a
cylinder, usually due to low-
octane fuel or over-advanced
ignition: Tiếng gõ kích nổ
pin punch n. tool with a parallel shaft
for use with a hammer to drive out
pins, shafts, rivets, etc.: Chỉa bẩy,
xà beng
pin slider caliper disc brake n. disc
brake design with a sliding caliper:
Bộ kẹp phanh (phanh) đóa với
chốt trượt.
Pinstriping n. thin, precisely contoured
lines along certain body features;
they may extend along the whole
car and finish off in elaborate,
pig iron

Pinstriping

PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
263
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
bouquet-like designs: Đường viền
thân xe.
 pinstriping tool = painting tool
used to apply thin, precise lines on
the body, e.g. on motorcycle tanks
and to enhance car body contours:
Dụng cụ tạo đường viền.
pintaux nozzle n. pintle-type diesel
fuel injector nozzle with a hold in
the side through which a very
small amount of fuel is sprayed
when the needle valve is partly
opened at low pressure, before the
main hole comes into use: Một
dạng kim phun diesel
pintle n. (a) the needle of the
injection valve in a diesel fuel
injector: Van kim
(b) vertical bolt or pin in a towing
bracket, to which the towbar is
attached: Cái chốt, trục kéo xe
 pintle nozzle = injector nozzle
containing the pintle: Vòi phun
chứa van kim.
pipework n. system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
pipe wrench n. adjustable spanner

with serrated jaws: Mỏ lếch răng.
piping n. (a) system of pipes: Hệ
thống ống dẫn
(b) rubber or plastic strip inserted
between two removable panels,
i.e. between a bolt-on wing and
the body, to cover up the joint and
to prevent water getting in; with
the piping inserted, only the round
bead along the upper edge of the
piping is visible: Ống roong
piston n. the reciprocating element
in a reciprocating piston engine:
Piston
piston bore n. diameter of the bore
in the cylinder block in which the
piston moves back and forth
between top dead centre (TDC)
and bottom dead centre (BDC) :
Đường kính piston.
 piston charging pump n. either
the function of the piston of the
two-stroke engine to pre-compress
the fresh charge induced into the
crankcase, or a separate piston
used in earlier two-stroke engine
designs to provide a supercharging
effect: Bơm nạp kiểu piston.
 piston (-type) compressor n.
compressor in an air-conditioning

system with one or more pistons
arranged in either an in-line, axial,
radial or V-configuration: Máy
nén loại piston.
piston crown n. the end of the piston
facing the valves: Đỉnh piston
piston damper n. small damper piston
in an SU or Stromberg carburettor
which attenuates the movement of
the large air piston in the venturi:
Piston giảm chấn (chế hoà khí).
 piston diaphragm n. flexible
membrane which displaces under
pressure, imparting movement to
the piston in a Stromberg
carburettor: Màng truyền động
cho piston (bộ chế hòa khí
Stromberg)
 piston engine n. internal
combustion engine in which a
piston is displaced by thermal
expansion of gases; the concept
includes reciprocating engines and
rotary engines, but is usually used
with reference to the common
pinstriping tool

piston engine
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
264

Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
reciprocating engine: Động cơ
piston.
 piston extension screw n.
stroke limiting screw between the
primary piston and secondary
piston stop: Vít chỉnh hành trình
piston.
 piston head n. = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
 piston land n. the raised
portion between two piston ring
grooves: Gờ rãnh xéc măng.
 piston lifter n. pin in the base
of the piston chamber in an SU or
Stromberg carburettor, used to
check the strength of the mixture
and the free movement of the
piston: Chốt kiểm tra lượng hỗn
hợp và hành trình của piston
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU và
Stromberg).
 piston material n. the
materials from which pistons are
made are grey cast or light alloys;
most light alloys consist of an
aluminium-silicon alloy: Vật liệu
làm piston
 piston pin n. US = GUDGEON
PIN: Chốt piston

piston ring n. one of usually three
metal rings installed in grooves in
the piston which seal the small
clearance between the piston and
the cylinder wall: Xéc măng.
piston ring clamp n. special
automotive tool used for installing
pistons: Dụng cụ ép xéc măng
(khi lắp piston)
piston ring flutter n. oscillations of a
piston ring which mainly occur at
high engine speed and thus can
cause breakage: Sự rung lắc
xecmăng.
 piston ring groove n. one of
the grooves round the top of a
piston into which a piston ring fits:
Rãnh xecmăng.
 piston ring groove cleaner =
special automotive tool to remove
carbon and varnishes from piston
grooves before installing piston
rings: Dụng cụ làm sạch rãnh xéc
măng trên piston.
 piston ring stop n. pin pressed
into the ring grooves of a two-
stroke engine in order to prevent
the rings from rotating, which
would allow the open ends to
become jammed in the ports:

Chốt xéc măng (2 kỳ)
piston rocking n. = PISTON SLAP
 piston rod n. (shock absorber)
rod which operates the piston in a
telescopic damper: Thanh đẩy
piston (ống nhún).
 piston seal n. fluid seal on a
disc brake caliper piston: Vòng
đệm kín piston (phanh).
 piston seizure n. dden
stalling of the engine, caused by
the piston becoming stuck in the
bore; this is often caused by
overheating or lack of lubrication
and often leaves severe score
marks in the cylinders: Sự kẹt
dính piston (rúp pê)
piston skirt n. the part of a piston
below the gudgeon pin and ring
belt area; its temperature can
reach 130
0
C: Thân piston
 piston slap n. audible noise
caused by excessive piston play,
piston extension screw

piston slap
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
265

Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
which allows the piston to tilt in
BDC and TDC (when reversing
the direction of motion): Sự va
đập của piston (khi khe hở lớn)
 piston speed n. speed of the
piston for a given engine rpm: Tốc
độ piston.
 piston spring n. coil spring in an
SU carburettor which counteracts
the upward movement of the
piston: Lò xo piston giảm chấn
(trong bộ chế hòa khí SU).
 piston top n. = PISTON
CROWN: Đỉnh piston
 piston-valve engine n. two-
stroke engine that relies on the
ports in the cylinder walls to
control admission and exhaust of
the air/ fuel mixture; it is not
equipped with other control
elements such as rotary valves:
Động cơ piston có các (lỗ) van
trên thành xy lanh (2 kỳ)
pitch n. (a) axial distance of adjacent
threads measured between
corresponding thread points; the
pitch of single-start threads equals
the lead: Bước ren.
(b) parking space or site for a

trailer, caravan, etc.: Nơi đỗ xe.
pitch circle (PC) n. the circumference
on which the centres of the wheel
bolt holes are located: Quỹ đạo
của các ốc bắt bánh xe.
 pitch circle diameter (PCD) =
the diameter of the stud holes/ bolt
holes for fixing the wheel to the
hub: Đường kính vòng tròn tâm
các ốc bắt bánh xe.
pitman arm n. US = DROP ARM:
Đòn quay.
 pitman shaft = ROCKER
SHAFT: Trục then đòn dẫn
hướng xuyên qua bộ bánh răng
tay lái.
pitot tube n. tube for measuring the
pressure and velocity of a fluid
flow; in some CVTs, used in
conjunction with a valve
arrangement to control ratio
changes: Ống đo áp suất và vận
tốc dòng chảy .
pits n. (a) cavities extending from
the surface into the metal as a
result of pitting corrosion : Hốc,
lõm do gỉ.
(b) (at a motor racing circuit)
place where a car stops for
servicing, refuelling, tyre changes,

etc.: Trạm tiếp tế cho xe đua.
 pitted a. (of contact breaker
points) eroded: Lõm,rỗ (vít lửa).
pitting n. surface damage to a metal
in the form of pits or holes: Sự làm
rỗ, sự làm lõm (kim loại)
(NOTE: in the case of contact
breaker points the opposite is
piling)
 pitting corrosion = corrosion
process resulting in pits: Sự ăn rỗ
bề mặt.
pivot axis n. = SWIVEL AXIS: Trục
trụ quay đứng.
 pivot pin n. = KINGPIN: Trụ
quay đứng (lái)
PL = PARKING LOCK: Cơ cấu khóa
ở tay số đậu.
plain bearing n. cylindrical sleeve
friction bearing; most commonly
used type of bearing: Bạc thau,
bạc lót
piston speed

plain bearing
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
266
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
 plain disc wheel n. wheel type
without holes or slots in the wheel

disc: Mâm bánh xe không lỗ
planetary gear n. (starter motor) used
in some starters as an intermediate
transmission: Bánh răng hành
tinh (trong máy khởi động).
 planetary (gear) differential
n. planetary gear set used as a
differential with asymmetric
torque distribution, as for 4wd
vehicles: Vi sai sử dụng bánh
răng hành tinh.
 planetary gear set n.
comprises a central externally
toothed sun gear, an internally
toothed outer ring gear, and
several intermediate planet gears
which are evenly spaced and
supported by a planet carrier; they
are in constant mesh with the sun
gear and the internal gear: Bộ
bánh răng hành tinh.
 planetary transmission n. US
= EPICYCLIC GEARBOX: Hộp
số bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet carrier n. part which
revolves around the central axis of
a planetary gear set and supports
the planet gears: Vòng mang cụm
bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet gear n. (automatic

transmission) gear whose axis is
not stationary; it is supported by a
planet carrier and revolves around
the central axis: Bánh răng hành
tinh.
 planet pinion n. = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh.
 planet wheel n. = PLANET
GEAR: Bánh răng hành tinh.
planishing n. final panel hammering
stage for lifting out minor
imperfections in a panel surface;
part of the panel finishing process:
Sự gõ bóng.
 planishing hammer = panel
beater’s hammer: Búa của thợ gò
plasma spray process n. process in
which a very high temperature
flame is produced by blowing gas
through an electric arc; metal wire
or powder is melted by passage
through the flame and is projected
on the surface to be coated: Qui
trình hàn hơi.
plastic n. a material that contains as
an essential ingredient one or
more organic polymeric substances
of large molecular weight, is solid
in its manufacture or processing
into finished articles, can be

shaped by flow: Nhựa, chất dẻo.
 plastic deformation n.
permanent change in the shape or
size of a solid body without
fracture resulting from the
application of sustained stress
beyond the elastic limit: Sự làm
biến dạng chất dẻo.
 plastic engine n. an automobile
engine whose bulk is made of
plastic components (e.g. engine
block, inlet manifold, water-pump
housing, valve covers, sump), the
use of metal being limited to parts
subjected to extreme mechanical
or thermal loads (e.g. combustion
chamber, exhaust manifold,
pistons, cylinder liners, valve train,
etc.): Động cơ bằng chất dẻo.
plain disc wheel

plastic engine

PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
267
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
 plastic filler n. = POLYESTER
FILLER
 plasticize v. to soften a material
to make it plastic or mouldable by

heating, kneading, or adding a
plasticizer: Làm cho dẻo.
 plasticizer n. an additive that
gives flexibility to an otherwise
rigid plastic: Chất làm mềm dẻo.
plastics welding n. a uniting of
thermo-plastic, i.e. non-setting
plastics of similar or different type
using heat and pressure and with
or without the addition of plastic of
a similar kind (filler material): Kỹ
thuật hàn chất dẻo.
plate 1 n. (a) thin flat sheet of
metal: tấm kim loại mỏng
(b) (battery) in each battery cell
are two lead-alloy plates: one of
lead peroxide (positive plate), the
other of spongy lead (negative
plate); separators are placed
between the plates of different
polarity: bản cực ắc quy.
(c) (clutch) = DISC: Đóa, tấm,
bảng.
2 v. to coat (a metal) with a thin
layer of another metal by
electrolysis, chemical reaction,
etc.: Mạ.
 plate grid n. (battery) = GRID:
Tấm cốt bản cực (ắc quy)
 plate group n. assembly of

plates of identical polarity
(positive or negative) as used in a
battery cell: Nhóm tấm bản cực.
 plate strap n. (battery) the
conducting connection between the
lugs of plates of like polarity and
the cell terminal: Thanh nối các
bản cực cùng dấu
 plate support n. support at the
bottom of a battery case on which
the elements rest; provides space
for the sediment chamber: Gân đỡ
bản cực phía đáy ắc quy
plating n. (metal) coating: Mạ.
platinum n. light-grey, heavy, ductile,
noble metal; atomic number 78,
atomic weight 195.09; melting
point at 1769
0
C; main member of
the so-called platinum metals;
together with other platinum
metals, is used as a catalyst in
automotive exhaust converters:
Bạch kim.
 platinum electrode n. (sparking
plug) an electrode made of
platinum lasts longer than one of
nickel alloy as it can better
withstand high temperatures: Điện

cực bạch kim (bougie)
 platinum metals n. generic
term for a family of noble metals
found with and resembling
platinum; including ruthenium,
rhodium, palladium, osmium,
iridium, and platinum; used as
catalysts in catalytic converters;
less than a tenth of a troy ounce is
required per converter to produce
acres of catalytically active
catalyst surface: Những kim loại
quý cùng với bạch kim trong bộ
xúc tác.
 platinum sparking plug n.
sparking plug with a platinum
centre electrode: Bougie điện cực
bạch kim
play see FREE PLAY
plastic filler

play
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
268
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
plenum n.an enclosure than containing
air or gas at a higher pressure than
exists outside: khoang chứa đầy
 plenum chamber n. (a) (of
induction system) usually a large

cast alloy body which connects the
throttle body or inlet tube to the
cylinder head(s) or inlet manifold:
phần nối từ bướm ga đến lỗ hút
(b) (car body) air compartment
formed between the scuttle and
the bulkhead, providing a basis for
the interior air supply: Lỗ thông
khí salon
pliers n. gripping tool with two hinged
arms and serrated jaws: Kìm có
răng
plug 1 n. (a) stopper which seals a
hole: Nút bòt
(b) male electrical connector:
Phích cắm, đầu cắm đực.
(c) = SPARKING PLUG: Bougie.
2 v. to seal with a stopper: Nút
lại, chặn lại.
 plug gap n. hole in a tank or
cistern, which can be closed with a
rubber plug: Khe hở bougie.
 plughole n. = SPARKING
PLUG SPANNER: Tuýp mở
bougie.
plug whiskering n. = GAP
BRIDGING: Muội than nối tắt
điện cực
plunger n. (a) any immersing type of
piston: Piston dạng chìm

(b) hydraulic tappet component
(e.g. in a valve): Piston con đội
thủy lực.
(c) piston in a starter solenoid:
Piston trong rơle cài khớp của
máy khởi động
 plunger principle n. a new ABS
control system which offers
improved pressure modulation
with very small amplitudes even at
pressures close to zero: Hệ thống
phanh ABS mới với bộ điều tiết
áp suất cải tiến.
 plunger pump n. oil pump
consisting of a reciprocating
plunger in a ported chamber: Bơm
nhớt dạng piston
plunging joint n. US = SLIDING
JOINT: Khớp nối trượt.
ply n. rubber-impregnated layer of
cord (made from rayon, nylon,
polyester or steel) which forms the
basis of a tyre car-cass: Sợi bố.
 ply rating (PR) = index of load-
carrying capacity, giving the
maximum permitted load for a
tyre: Phân loại khả năng chòu tải
của vỏ xe.
PM = PARTICULATE MATTER: hạt
 PM trap = diesel particulate

filter: Lọc muội than trong diesel
PMMA = POLY-METHYL-METH-
ACRYLATE
p/n or PN = PART(S) NUMBER
pneumatic suspension n. = AIR
SUSPENSION: Hệ thống treo khí
 pneumatic trail n. distance
between a vertical line through the
centre of the wheel and the centre
of pressure of the tyre contact
patch; most apparent during
cornering: Khoảng cách từ tâm
bánh xe đến điểm tiếp xúc mặt
đường.
 pneumatic tyre n. rubber tyre
filled with air under pressure: Lốp
plenum

pn
eumatic tyre
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
269
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
bơm hơi (NOTE: opposite is solid
tyre)
pocket (slide) caliper n. small slide-
type caliper for inside and outside
measurement up to about 100 mm
or 4 inch: Compa đo trong và đo
ngoài loại nhỏ

pod n. housing for a gauge mounted
behind the steering wheel: Phần
khung để gắn tableau sau tay lái
points n. = CONTACT BREAKER
POINTS: Vít lửa.
 points file = thin, fine-toothed
file for cleaning and smoothing off
the piles on contact breaker: Giũa
vít lửa
 points gap = gap between the
contact breaker points when fully
open; measured with a feeler
gauge: Khe hở vít lửa.
poke n. (informal) power or
acceleration: Sự nhấn ga tăng
tốc.
polarity n. property of an electric
system that has two points with
different electric potentials: Cực
tính.
polarization resistance n. the
transition resistance between the
electrodes and the electrolyte; part
of the internal resistance of a
battery: Điện trở chất điện phân
(ắc quy).
pole n. either of two points at which
there are opposite electric charges
(positive or negative), as at the
terminals of a battery: Điện cực,

cực.
 pole piece n. soft magnetic core
of the inductive winding in a
magnetic pick-up assembly;
stator: Lõi từ của cảm biến điện
từ loại nam châm đứng yên.
 pole shoe n. in an electrical
machine, such as a starter motor, a
piece of soft iron mounted to the
inside of the housing, surrounded
by the field coils: Má cực của
máy điện (nơi quấn dây).
polishing barrel n. barrel used for a
polishing process in which the
aluminium surface is smoothed in
the presence of metallic or
ceramic shot by a rotating
movement of the barrel: Tang
đánh bóng.
pollutant n. in the context of
automotive emissions, pollutant
typically refers to hydrocarbons,
carbon monoxide, and nitrogen
oxides: Chất ô nhiễm.
polycarbonate (PC) n. a polyester
polymer in which the repeating
structural unit in the chain is of the
carbonate type; used for bumpers,
body and roof panels: Nhựa PC.
polyellipsoidal headlight (PE head-

light) n. headlight with a gas
discharge lamp and a poly-
ellipsoidal reflector: Đèn đầu với
bóng cao áp và choá hình
polyellipsoid.
polyester filler n. body repair
material for smoothing dents in
body panels; includes a resin base
filler paste and a catalyst which is
added to the base filler and
hardens by chemical reaction:
Nhựa để làm nhẵn thân xe
(matít)
pocket (slide) caliper

polyester filler

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Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
 polyester powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Bột sơn tónh điện
polyethylene (PE) n. a polymer
prepared by the polymerization of
ethylene as the sole monomer;
very resistant to chemical attack:
Nhựa PE.
polymer n. substance consisting of
molecules characterized by the

repetition of one or more types of
monomeric units: Chất cao phân
tử, polyme
 polymer alloy = a mixture of
two or more different compatible
polymers: Hỗn hợp nhiều hợp
chất cao phân tử.
polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)
n.thermoplastic polymer derived
from methylacrylate; transparent
solid with excellent optical
qualities and weather resistance;
typical automotive applications are
the lenses of rear lights: Mica
(NOTE: also called Perspex)
polypropylene (PP) n. an extremely
versatile plastic, available in many
grades and also as a copolymer
(ethylene/ propylene): Nhựa PP.
 polyurethane (PUR) n.
thermoplastic material with high
strength, good chemical and
abrasion resistance; used mainly
for foamed reaction injection
mouldings and for adhesives, such
as for flush-bonded body glass:
Nhựa Poliurêtan.
 polyurethane paint = type of
two-pack paint based on
polyurethane substances: Sơn

poliurêtan.
 polyurethane powder = powder
used for electrostatic powder
coating: Bột pôliurêtan.
 poly-V-belt n. drive belt with
multiple Vs; flat, similar to the
toothed belts used as timing belts,
but with lengthwise V-shaped ribs
rather than transverse cogs; used
increasingly on new engines
instead of conventional V-belts:
Đai hình chữ V.
 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) n.
bolt plasticized and unplasticized
PVC types are marked by good
weathering resistance, and good
surface properties; they are self-
extinguishing: Nhựa PVC.
poor opacity n. paint fault in which
the colour of underlying coats or
fillers remains visible through the
topcoat; may be caused by
insufficient paint thickness,
overthinning, etc.: Sự mờ đục của
lớp sơn (thấy lớp sơn lót)
poppet valve n. valve which pops
open and shut in a reciprocating
motion; consists of a valve stem
and disc; the typical valve type
used in engine cylinder heads: Sú

páp
(NOTE: also called mushroom
valve due to its shape)
pop rivet n. type of tubular rivet
which initially has a hard steel pin
passing through it; when the pop
rivet is fitted with a pop rivet gun,
the head of the pin expands the
inner end of the tubular rivet,
closing it; the head of the pin then
snaps off; used when a joint can be
polyester powder

pop rivet
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
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accessed from one side only: Chốt
rivê bấm bằng súng.
pop-up headlights n. = CONCEALED
HEADLIGHTS: Đèn pha xếp.
porcelain enamel n. US =
VITREOUS ENAMEL: Men thủy
tinh.
pore n. small opening in a surface:
Lỗ nhỏ trên bề mặt.
 porosity n. state or condition
of being porous: Trạng thái xốp.
 porous a. permeable to air or
fluids: Xốp (không khí hay chất

lỏng thấm qua được).
Porsche-type synchromesh n.
sophisticated synchromesh
technology depending on the
frictional forces by a spreading
synchronizer ring: Bộ đồng tốc
Porsche
port n. generally, any opening
through which air or fluid passes;
specifically, the opening in the
cylinder of a hydraulic valve and
the precision-made hole (jet) in the
wall of a carburettor barrel: Lỗ
thông, cửa (để không khí hoặc
chất lỏng đi qua).
port area n. used to indicate the
cross-section area of the port of a
two-stroke engine; this value is
one of the factors determining the
gas flow and the power of a two-
stroke engine: Mặt cắt lỗ thông
(động cơ 2 kỳ).
 port vacuum advance (PVA)
n. a series of restriction devices
between the distributor advance
unit and the carburettor advance
port to ensure that there is no
vacuum advance during idle, but
increasing ignition advance as the
throttle opens: Đánh lửa sớm áp

thấp nhờ lỗ trên bộ chế hoà khí.
 port fuel injection (PFI) n. =
MULTI-POINT INJECTION:
Phun xăng đa điểm
positive camber: Góc camber dương.
 positive castor n. when an
imaginary line extended through
the steering axis cuts the wheel
axis through the wheel centre:
Góc castor dương
positive crankcase ventilation (PCV)
n. introduced in 1963, PCV serves
to reduce emissions by recycling
crankcase fumes and blow-by
gases: Hệ thống thông hơi cacte
 positive electrode n. (battery)
= POSITIVE PLATE: Điện cực
dương (ắc quy)
 positive terminal n. red battery
terminal with a plus symbol
indicating positive polarity: Cực
dương
post n. (a) pillar between the roof
and the waistline; from front to
rear, there are A-, B-, C- , and D-
posts: Trụ đỡ.
(b) = BATTERY POST: Cọc
bình ắc quy.
post-heating n. (glow plugs) heating
after the engine is started to

prevent blue smoke and misfiring
during the warm-up phase: Xông
sau khởi động
 post-ignition n. ignition of the
air-fuel mixture after the electrical
ignition point: Sự bắt lửa của hỗn
hợp sau khi có tia lửa
pot n. (a) = CYLINDER: Xy lanh
pop
-
up headlights

pot
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
272
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
(b) = DASHPOT: Cái giảm chấn
làm cánh bướm ga đóng từ từ.
pothole n. deep hole in the surface
of a road: Ổ gà trên mặt đường.
pot joint n. universal joint in which the
rollers or balls can move freely in
an internally grooved cylinder:
Khớp nối có bi tròn hoặc bi đũa
dòch chuyển tự do.
pour point n. the lowest temperature
at which an oil can be poured:
Nhiệt độ thấp nhất mà dầu có
thể chảy (rót)
powder slush moulding n. processing

technique applied to produce PVC
skins: Kỹ thuật tạo lớp vỏ nhựa
trên chi tiết.
power 1 n. the rate at which energy
is converted into work: Công
suất.
2 v. to provide power to: Cấp
công suất, trợ lực.
power-assisted brakes n. braking
system which uses a vacuum brake
booster (servo) to reduce the
pressure on the brake pedal: Hệ
thống phanh (phanh) có trợ lực
 power-assisted steering (pas)
n. steering system in which a
hydraulic pump powered by the
engine helps the driver to turn the
steering wheel: Hệ thống lái có
trợ lực.
power brakes (pb) n. braking system
that uses hydraulic or vacuum or
atmospheric pressure to provide
most of the force required for
braking: Phanh (thắng) có trợ lực
power closing n. = AUTOMATIC
CLOSING SYSTEM: Hệ thống
đóng cửa tự động.
 power cut-off (switch) n. =
BATTERY MASTER SWITCH:
Công tắc ngắt mass ắc quy

 power distribution n. specific
drive torque distribution between
front and rear axles in a 4WD
system: Sự phân phối công suất
(truyền động 4 bánh)
 power hood n. convertible top
which is raised and lowered by an
electric motor: Mui xếp (xe mui
trần) điều khiển bằng điện.
(NOTE: US English is electric
top)
 power seat n. seat whose back,
height, thigh and lumbar support,
etc. can be electrically adjusted:
Ghế điều chỉnh bằng điện.
 powershift transmission n. US
transmission which can be used
without declutching or
decelerating: Hộp số sang số
không cần đạp ly hợp hoặc giảm
tốc.
 power steering (ps) n. (a)
completely hydraulic or
pneumatic steering system,
allowing the driver little or no
‘feel’ for the road; not used for
road-going passenger vehicles (b)
(informal) = POWER-ASSISTED
STEERING: Trợ lực lái
 power steering pump = pump

which supplies hydraulic pressure
for the power steering system:
Bơm trợ lực lái
power stroke n. downstroke of a
piston, the third stroke in a four-
stroke cycle: Hành trình sinh
công, thì nổ
pothole

power stroke
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
273
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
power take-off (PTO) n. using the
crankshaft or gearbox to drive
ancillary equipment, such as a
pump or generator: Bộ truyền lực
cho các thiết bò phụ qua puly
trục khuỷu.
 power train n. = DRIVE
TRAIN: Hệ thống động lực (bao
gồm động cơ và hộp số).
 power valve n. valve in the
enrichment unit, used in some
carburettors to provide a richer
mixture for extra power under
certain conditions; in a typical
design, the power valve is a
vacuum-controlled ball-type check
valve: Van làm đậm để tăng công

suất.
 power window (pw) n. US =
ELECTRIC WINDOW: Cửa kính
xe điều khiển bằng điện
 power window lock-out
switch = switch that renders
inoperable all electric window
controls on the individual windows,
except for the master controls on
the driver’s door: Công tắt khóa
các cửa điện.
PP = POLYPROPYLENE: Nhựa PP.
 PPO = POLYPHENYLENE
OXIDE
PR = PLY RATING
prechamber n. (of indirect injection
diesel engines) small upper
chamber in the cylinder head,
connected to the main combustion
chamber by a narrow passage; fuel
is injected into the prechamber
(also called swirl chamber) where
it is ignited before spreading to the
main chamber: Buồng đốt phụ,
buồng đốt trước
pre-combustion engine n. US =
INDIRECT INJECTION ENGINE:
Động cơ diesel phun gián tiếp (có
buồng đốt trước)
pre-compress v. to compress the

fuel/ air/ oil mixture first: Nén
trước.
 pre-compression chamber n.
chamber below the piston in a two-
stroke engine in which the
fuel/air/oil mixture is initially
compressed in order to enable
more fresh charge to be fed into
the cylinder: Buồng nén phụ (2
kỳ)
pre-converter vehicle n. a car built
prior to the enforcement of
emission control standards
requiring a catalytic converter to
be fitted to every new car: Xe
chưa lắp bộ xúc tác
pre-engaged Bendix starter n. a
combination of Bendix and pre-
engaged starter drives: Máy khởi
động với bánh răng Bendix và
khớp gài trước.
 pre-engaged starter n. starter
motor in which the solenoid-
operated pinion engages with a
flywheel ring gear before the full
electric current flows; an
overrunning clutch enables the
pinion to freewheel before
disengaging, once the engine has
fired: Máy khởi động gài khớp

trước (khi dòng điện qua đề)
preheater system n. cold starting aid
for diesel engines, consisting of
glow plugs, a glow-control unit,
power take
-
off

preheater system
PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
274
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
and a glow plug and starter switch,
for preheating the combustion
chamber or the intake air up to
auto-ignition temperature: Hệ
thống xông trước (Diesel).
pre-ignition n. ignition of air/fuel
mixture prior to the electrical
ignition point: Sự cháy sớm.
prelubricator n. lubrication system
consisting mainly of an
electronically controlled pump that
circulates pressurized engine oil to
an engine’s vital parts for about six
seconds when ignition is switched
on prior to starting of the engine;
reduces friction during cold starts
and prolongs engine life: Sự bôi
trơn trước khi khởi động.

prepreg n. reinforcing or moulding
material already impregnated with
a synthetic resin: Sự gia cố vật
liệu.
preselector gearbox n. conventional
gearbox with a semi-automatic
change mechanism in which a gear
is selected before the change is
initiated, the change being made
by depressing the clutch or
auxiliary pedal: Hộp số bán tự
động (gài số trước khi số được
sang)
preset station button n. button for
tuning a radio automatically to a
preset frequency, i. e. one radio
station can be allocated to each
button: Nút nhớ đài tự động
(radio)
 pressed panel n. panel
produced with special press tools
and dies, as opposed to a hand-
made panel: Khung dập.
 press fit n. condition of contact
between two parts that requires
pressure to force the parts
together: Sự lắp ráp bằng áp
suất.
 pressing plant n. plant
specializing in the manufacture of

car bodies: Máy dập khung ô tô.
pressure accumulator n. (usually)
spherical pressure tank of about 10
mm diameter in an hydraulic brake
booster: Bộ tích áp.
pressure differential switch n.
hydraulic pressure-operated switch
(often included in a combination
valve) which activates the ‘brake
failure’ warning light when one of
the brake circuits (in a dual-circuit
system) fails due to a system leak
and associated pressure drop:
Công tắc điều khiển đèn báo
mất phanh.
 pressure-feed spray gun n.
type of spray gun with a separate
paint container (pressure-feed
tank); it is used mostly for spraying
highly viscous materials such as
spray putty: Súng sơn bằng áp
suất (bình chứa sơn đặt rời)
pressure limiting valve or US
proportioning valve n. (a) any
valve which limits pressure in a
system, e. g. in a hydraulic circuit,
in automatic transmissions, in
pneumatic suspension systems, etc.
(b) specifically, the valve used in
the rear brake line of some cars

with front disc and rear drum
brakes: Van giới hạn áp suất.
pressure lubrication n. (a) (of 4-
stroke engines) = FORCED-FEED
pre
-
ignition

pressure lubrication

PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
275
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
LUBRICATION (b) (of 2-stroke
engines) lubrication system with
crankcase scavenging: Bôi trơn
cưỡng bức
pressure plate n. (a) (brakes) the
plate carrying pad in a disc brake:
Bố phanh (phanh) (trong phanh
(phanh) đóa).
(NOTE: also called backplate)
(b) (transmission) the part of the
clutch assembly which is pressed
against the clutch plate by the
clutch springs to transmit the drive:
Đóa ép trong ly hợp.
 pressure regulating valve n.
(a) any valve which maintains
pressure at or under a certain

pressure; specifically the pressure
relief valve of the oil pump (b) in
a continuous injection system, part
of the fuel distributor, consisting
basically of a spring-loaded steel
diaphragm which serves to keep
the pressure drop across the
metering ports at a constant 0.1
bar: Van điều tiết áp suất
 pressure regulator n. regulator
which governs the pressure of the
fuel delivered to the injectors by
the fuel pump: Bộ điều áp
 pressure regulator valve n.
releases hydraulic fluid if pressure
exceeds a preset value: Van bộ
điều áp
 pressure relief valve n. valve
which opens at maximum safe
pressure and closes again upon
return to normal operating
conditions; its main task is to
prevent the internal pressure of a
component or a system from
exceeding a certain set point: Van
giảm áp (an toàn)
 pressure wave n. pulsations of
oscillations in the induction and
exhaust systems caused by the
opening and closing of the valves:

Sóng áp suất trong ống pô
 pressure wave supercharger =
COMPREX PRESSURE WAVE
SUPERCHARGER: Bơm tăng áp
loại sóng áp suất.
 pressurized a. working under
pressure: Làm việc dưới áp suất
primary battery n. non-rechargeable
battery consisting of one or more
primary cells, used e.g. in portable
radio receivers: Pin thường
(không nạp được).
(NOTE: opposite is secondary/
storage battery)
 primary (catalytic) converter
n. small converter positioned close
to the engine which quickly actives
the necessary operating
temperature to reduce exhaust
emissions during the warm-up
period: Bộ xúc tác sơ cấp.
 primary cell n. electric cell
that converts chemical energy into
electrical energy in an irreversible
process; unlike a secondary cell, it
cannot be recharged: Pin không
sạc được
primary chain n. the chain of a
primary drive: Xích truyền động
chính.

primary circuit n. circuit which
comprises the battery, the ignition
switch, if ballasted the ballast
resistor, the primary winding of the
ignition coil, and if breaker-
pressure plate

primary circuit

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276
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
triggered the contact breaker
points: Mạch sơ cấp (đánh lửa)
 primary compression ratio n.
degree of compression achieved in
the crankcase area below the
piston of a two-stroke engine when
the piston moves down and
compresses the mixture supplied
into the crankcase: Tỷ số nén
chính (2 kỳ)
 primary key n. key which
operates all the locks of the car:
Khóa cửa trung tâm
 primary magnetic field n.
magnetic field of the primary
winding: Từ trường của cuộn dây
sơ cấp
 primary pattern n.

oscilloscope pattern of the primary
circuit: Dạng xung dao động của
mạch sơ cấp.
 primary piston n. main piston
in a tandem master cylinder:
Piston chính (phanh)
 primary pump n. engine-driven
oil pump feeding pressurized oil to
the transmission and hydraulic
control system: Bơm chính truyền
động từ động cơ cấp nhớt cho
hộp số và các hệ thống thuỷ lực
khác.
 primary seal n. primary piston
seal in a tandem master cylinder:
Vòng đệm kín của piston sơ cấp
trong xy lanh cái (phanh).
 primary shaft n. = CLUTCH
SHAFT: Trục sơ cấp
primary shoe n. US = LEADING
SHOE: Má phanh chính
 primary structure component
n. any structural component which,
if it collapsed, could make the car
uncontrollable or would seriously
reduce occupant safety in a crash:
Thành phần đóng vai trò an toàn
khi đụng trong cấu trúc chính
của khung xe.
 primary valve n. valve which

controls the primary V-pulley: Van
điều khiển puli sơ cấp chữ V
 primary V-pulley n. (CVT)
pulley which is driven by the via a
clutch; one of its halves can be slid
hydraulically, thus varying the
diameter of the steel thrust belt
track and changing the
transmission ratio: Puli chữ V dẫn
động thông qua ly hợp làm thay
đổi đường kính để thay đổi tỷ số
truyền.
 primary winding n. outer
winding of the ignition coil;
typically 200 turns of relatively
strong wire: Cuộn dây sơ cấp
(NOTE: opposite is secondary
winding)
prime v. (a) to apply primer: Phủ
sơn lót
(b) to fill a machine (e.g. a pump)
with the necessary fluid before
starting, in order to improve its
sealing qualities: Mồi bơm
(c) to put fuel in the float
chamber of a carburettor to ease
the starting of an engine: Mồi
xăng (nhiên liệu).
 primer n. first coat of paint
applied to a bare surface; designed

to provide a foundation for the
subsequent coats and to ensure rust
protection: Lớp sơn lót.
primary compression ratio

primer

PGS. TS. ĐỖ VĂN DŨNG
277
Tự điển Anh – Việt chuyên ngành Công nghệ Ô tô
 primer bath = bath containing
the primer: Bồn chứa sơn lót.
 primer filler = special primer
used to cover fine cracks: Lớp sơn
trét kín vết nứt.
 primer oven = painting line
oven used to dry the coats of
primer: Phòng sấy sơn lót.
 primer surfacer = material for
the resilient coating underneath
the top paint coat which provides
corrosion protection, protects the
paint system from chipping caused
by gravel, provides a smooth
surface for the top paint coat, and
serves as an adhesion promoter:
Lớp sơn lót.
printed circuit board (PCB) n. thin
plastic insulating board on one or
both sides of which the

components and connections of an
electronic circuit are formed by
etching in a metallic coating or
electrodeposition: Bảng mạch in
prise off v. to lever off: bẩy ra, cạy
ra.
PRNDL = letters denoting the
positions on the gear selector of an
automatic gearbox, standing for:
Park, Reverse, Neutral, Drive,
Low: P = Park, R = Reverse, N =
Neutral, D = Drive, L = Low: Chữ
cái ký hiệu của các tay số ở hộp
số tự động.
(NOTE: Low may be divided into:
3, 2, 1)
probe n. a measuring sensor, usually
long and thin to gain access to
narrow cavities: Cái que đo.
Procon-ten n. safety system
developed by Audi which makes
use of the relative displacement of
the engine during a frontal
collision; steel cables pull the
steering wheel away from the
driver and increase the seat belt
tension: hệ thống an toàn xe
Audi.
production car or model n. car
manufactured by a mass-

production process: xe sản xuất
đại trà
 production line = system in
which the parts of an end product
are transported by a conveyor past
a number of sites where the parts
are modified without stopping the
conveyor: Dây chuyền sản xuất.
 profile n. (a) side view, shape
or outline of an object: Biên dạng
(b) cross-section of a tyre: mặt
cắt vỏ xe
 profile depth = TREAD
DEPTH: Chiều cao gai vỏ xe.
programme comparison and
identification (PCI) n. (radio)
system that identifies a programme
(station) and compares
programmes so as to find the
station which offers the strongest
signal: So sánh và nhận dạng tín
hiệu sóng radio.
progressive carburettor n. =
COMPOUND CARBURETTOR:
Bộ chế hòa khí với cánh bướm
gió kép.
 progressive transmission n.
transmission in which it is
necessary to pass through the gear
ratios in a definite order; usage

today confined almost exclusively
primer bath

progressive transmission