Travel to South Asia potx

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South Asia
© 2008 Stig Albeck & Ventus Publishing ApS
Translation: Claus Jensen, Karen Rosen & Jan Thorhauge
All rights and copyright relating to the content of this
book are the property of Ventus Publishing ApS, and/or its
suppliers. Content from ths book, may not be reproduced
in any shape or form without prior written permission from
Ventus Publishing ApS.
Quoting this book is allowed when clear references are made,
in relation to reviews are allowed.
ISBN 978-87-7061-343-9
1st edition

Pictures and illustrations in this book are reproduced according
to agreement with the following copyright owners
Stig Albeck, Gorm Albeck, Tony Hansen, Brian McMorrow,
Flemming Skovlund, Georgia Roessler, Incredible India,
Malaysian Tourist Board, Eugene Park & Korean Tourism
The stated prices and opening hours are indicative and may
have be subject to change after this book was published.
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Kapiteloverskrift ONLIBRI
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A visit to New Delhi

www.incredibleindia.org
New Delhi is capital of the world’s second most
populous country. The city in itself has a
population of more than 13 million. The
atmosphere is as hectic and exciting as one would
expect of a metropolis in a large and culturally
diverse country.
Visitors to New Delhi immediately get a sense of
the city’s centuries old history under various
English rulers, Indian maharajas and Moguls, as
well as today’s democratic government elected by
the largely Hindu population.
Old, beautiful mausoleums, fortresses, grand
buildings, monumental city planning, busy bazaars,
spicy food and peaceful parks are some of the
lingering impressions after a few days in New
Delhi.
It is of course also possible to go on a trip away
from the city. A popular destination is the amazing
Taj Mahal, which is India’s most famous building
and one of the most beautiful in the world.
Have a good trip!
A visit to New Delhi
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Historical outline:
New Delhi
Excavations in the New Delhi area suggest that it
was settled around 2,500 years ago. The Pandavah
people founded their capital, Indrapratha, in the
region, which was known as Khadava-Pratha. A
couple of archeological finds in Purana Quila have
indicated that the area was significant in the later
Mauryan period.
The first actual city, the forerunner to the present
Indian capital, was Lal Kot, which was founded in
the 11th century by the Tomar ruler Anangpal.
The city’s area was expanded by King Vigraharaja
IV in the middle of the 12th century.
In 1206, Qutbuddin Aibak became the first sultan
of the city, and he laid the foundation to the
Qutab Minar Tower, which is still standing where
the old city lay in the days of the sultan. The
succeeding sultan dynasties continued developing
the city by erecting new buildings and new cities,
eight in total. These new cities were actually city
quarters, but they were referred to as cities.
A couple of these new cities were built around Siri:
the second city by Alaud-Din Khalji around the
year 1300, and the third by Ghiysud-Din Tughlug
a few decades later. It is still possible to see the

remnants of the fifth city at Feroz Shah Kotla. The
city was founded as Ferozobad by Feroz Shah
Tughluq in 1354.
The sixth city was built by Humayun, but
following its destruction, it was reconstructed by
Sher Shah Suri and called Purana Quila. This was
in the beginning of the 16th century, and it was to
be the last new city before the coming of the
Moguls, which changed the city forever.
There was some activity during the reigns of the
Moguls Akbar and Jehangir in the first decades of
the 17th century, but it was Shah Jahan who
started New Delhi’s development towards
becoming the great capital we see today. In 1648,
Shah Jahan moved the capital from Agra to his
new seventh city of Shahjahanabad, which
remained the capital of the Moguls until 1857 –
known today as Old Delhi. Shah Jahan’s great
construction work is situated by the Red Fort,
which was the city’s fortified centre. He also built
the impressive Jama Masjid Mosque.
During this period, Great Britain, through the
British East India Company, was expanding its
interests and its possessions in India, and Calcutta
became the British capital. In 1803, the British
conquered the capital of the Moguls, and India
became part of the English Colonial Empire,
formally subordinated to Calcutta. The Mogul’s
were still the formal rulers of the city and the
situation was relatively peaceful until 1857, when a

revolt broke out against the British rule. That was
to be the end of the Moguls; India would now be
governed from England, and regionally from
Calcutta.
In 1911, the British decided to shift India’s capital
from Calcutta to the capital of the Moguls, and
they founded the eighth city, New Delhi, to the
south of Shah Jahan’s city. A number of great
construction works were undertaken in British
Imperial style. Especially the architects Sir Edwin
Lutyens and Sir Herbert Barker became influential
via their grandiose designs of administration
buildings. New Delhi was officially inaugurated in
1931.
Wide boulevards, parks and large office buildings
characterize New Delhi. This part of the capital’s
total area contrasts with most other cities in India
because of its distinctly European style.
Historical outline: New Delhi
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Since 1931, and in particular since India gained its
independence in 1947, New Delhi’s population
and size have increased at an explosive rate. In
addition to India’s general population growth,
many newcomers, primarily Hindus and Sikhs,
arrived from areas that today belong to Pakistan.

The large migration to New Delhi also laid the
foundation for establishing several of its industries,
and the city has gradually become the country’s
financial centre as well. The increased numbers of
tourists and foreign businesses in New Delhi have
contributed to the cosmopolitan atmosphere
pervading several of the city quarters.
Present-day New Delhi has grown to include all
the historic cities in the area, and its modern
skyscrapers stand side by side with ancient
monuments. The city has become a melting pot of
historic buildings and peoples, which infuses it
with a colour and variety not found in many other
places.
Historical outline: New Delhi
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Tour 1: New Delhi
1. The Red Fort/Lal Quila
Netaji Subhash Marg
The Red Fort is one of New Delhi’s most
impressive historic monuments. The Mogul
Emperor Shah Jahan built it in 1638-1648 when he
decided to shift the capital from Agra to New
Delhi. The Red Fort of Agra inspired New Delhi’s
Red Fort, and it is a beautiful testament to the

Mogul period in the area.
Lahore Gate is the main entrance to the large
fortress, which is encircled by a 2.4-kilometre wall
reaching a height of 33 metres. The gates were
built sufficiently tall to allow the Mogul emperors
to pass through them on their elephants.
The fort complex has, among other things, two
audience halls, Divan-i-Am and Divan-i-Khas, the
Royal Baths of the Moguls and the beautiful Pearl
Mosque/Moti Masjid, which was built in 1658.
Every year, India’s prime ministers raise the flag
from Aurangzeb’s bastion at the Red Fort as a
symbol of the country’s independence.
2. Chandni Chowk
Chandni Chowk
Chandni Chowk is the lively main street in New
Delhi’s Old Delhi quarter. The street has for
centuries been the city’s central market place, and
visitors to Chandni Chowk get a good impression
of the hustle and bustle of an Indian metropolis.
Tour 1: New Delhi
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At Chandni Chowk, directly across from the Red
Fort. lies the Jain Temple Sri Digambar Jain Lal
Mandir with its beautiful murals. The temple is
best known for its avian veterinary hospital, which

was built according to the Jain axiom ”Live and let
live”.
Chandni Chowk also has the Sikh temple
Gurudwara Shish Ganj, which was erected on the
spot where the Sikh guru Tegh Bahadur died and
became a martyr in 1675.
The street’s Hindu temple was built in 1623 and
dedicated to the god Shiva. The temple has several
beautiful statues.
3. Jama Masjid
Matya Mahal, Bho Jala
Jama Mashid is India’s largest mosque. It was
finished in 1656, and it is a mighty testament to
the religion of the Moguls. Jama Masjid was built
as Mogul Shah Jahan’s most important mosque.
The mosque is built on a raised foundation,
making it possible to view the beautiful
construction from all sides. As was common with
the Moguls, Jama Masjid is built of red sandstone
with inlaid white marble. The pulpit is carved out
of a single block of marble.
The mosque’s two minarets are 40 metres tall.
4. Chawri Bazaar
Chawri Bazaar
The Chawri Bazaar is one of Old Delhi’s best
spots for experiencing a genuine market
atmosphere. Chawri means ”a place where four
roads meet”, and it has always been a meeting
point for buying and selling various goods.
5. Raj Ghat

Mahatma Gandhi Road
Raj Ghat is the place where the father of present-
day India, Mahatma Ghandi, was cremated in 1948
and his ashes dispersed in the waters of the
Yamamuna River.
Today, the area is a beautiful park containing a
simple black marble memorial to Mahatma Ghandi.
Next to Raj Ghat, a museum has been built in his
honour, containing, among other things,
photographs and correspondence.
Just to the north of Raj Ghat, the first Indian
Prime Minister, Jawa-Harlal Nehru, and later his
grandchild, Sanjay Ghandi, were cremated. Across
from Raj Ghat, Nehru’s daughter, Indira Ghandi,
and later her grandchild, Rajiv Ghandi, were
cremated.
Tour 1: New Delhi
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6. Feroz Shah Kotla
Mahatma Gandhi Road
Feroz Shah Kotla is the name of Delhi’s fifth city,
which is now a ruin. This was Ferozabad, built by
Feroz shah Tugluq in 1354. Ferozabad was a
beautiful city with palaces, mosques, and gardens,
but the main portion of the ruins has been used to
build new facilities. Kotla was the inner citadel of

Ferozabad, comprising different facilities, such as
the mosque whose ruins can still be seen today.
Kotla was destroyed when the Moguls assumed
power. Today a 13-metre-high obelisk stands as a
testimony to the history of the city.
Tour 1: New Delhi
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Tour 2: New Delhi
7. Crafts Museum
Bhairon Road
New Delhi’s Crafts Museum has a special location
in the centre of the city. In addition to its
collection of Indian handicraft, it has an exhibition
that introduces visitors to traditional Indian village
life. There are, among other things, clay huts and
terracotta horses. The displays inside the museum
building include exquisite wood carvings, metal
ware and ceramics. The life-sized wooden figures
from Karnataka are among the museum’s most
fascinating pieces.
8. Connaught Place/Rajiv Chowk
Connuaght Place
Connaught Place is centrally located in the heart of
New Delhi. From the park in the centre, eight
radial roads spread out in all directions. The park

itself has a fountain, and various kinds of trees
have been planted there, making it a nice place to
relax.
Royal Crescent in the English city of Bath inspired
the Victorian architecture. There is a wide variety
of interesting shops along the eight radial roads, as
well as the three roads encircling Connaught Place.
Tour 2: New Delhi
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9. Jantar Mantar
Parliament Street
Jantar Mantar is an observatory built by Maharaja
Jai Singh, who had a passion for mathematics and
astronomy. The building is made of red sandstone,
and the observatory has several interesting old
stone and metal instruments used for astronomical
calculations.
10. Lakshmi Narayan Temple
Mandir Marg
During the centuries when India had Muslim
rulers, many mosques were built and many Hindu
temples disappeared. In recent times, new Hindu
temples have been built, among them the
magnificent and richly ornamented Lakshmi Narayan,
built in 1938. The temple has a splendid garden with
a fountain in the back. The Lakshmi Narayan
Temple is also known as Birla Mandir in honour of
the Hindu industrialist who financed its construction.
Tour 2: New Delhi
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Tour 3: New Delhi
11. Rashtrapati Bhawan

Rajpath
This large palace complex with adjacent gardens
was built by Edwin Lutyens as residence for the
English Viceroy of India. Today the building is the
home of the President of India.
The architecture is a mix of Western and Mughal
styles. Images of traditional bells are carved on the
temple’s columns, symbolizing the prophecy that
British rule in India would not end as long as the
stone bells remained silent.
The complex was completed in 1929, and it has
340 halls and rooms. When the English Viceroy
was in residence, the court consisted of almost
2,000 people.
The garden of the palace is called Mughal Gardens,
and it is open to visitors on special occasions. The
garden is known for its fountains and ponds, and
it has one of India’s most exquisite rose gardens.
12. Parliament House
Parliament Street
India’s Parliament House was built in 1921-1927
based on Edwin Lutyen’s design. It is home to the
two chambers of Parliament, Lok Sabha and Rajya
Sabha, and it is well worth a visit. The circular
structure, with a diameter of 171 metres, has a
colonnaded façade. Centrally located in the
complex lies the hall with its great dome
13. National Museum
Janpath Road
www.nationalmuseumindia.org

The National Museum in New Delhi was built in
1960, and it is India’s principal museum. Its large
collection gives a unique insight into India’s
culture and history. Its many displays include an
exquisite collection of over 800 sculptures made of
various materials, such as stone, bronze and
terracotta. The display includes works from every
significant historic period, ranging from
approximately 300 B.C. to the 19
th
century A.D.
The museum also houses a large collection of
Buddhist art going back to 400 B.C.
The collection includes pieces from India as well
as from its Buddhist neighbours.
Among the Museum’s many other displays, one
finds handicraft, jewelry, documents and coins.
New Delhi’s National Museum truly has
something for everybody.
14. India Gate
India Gate
The India Gate is a war memorial commemorating
the Indian dead of the First World War and the
Afghan War. Underneath the 42-metre Gate,
burning in a shrine is the Amar Jawan Jyoti, the
Flame of the Immortal Warrior. Edwin Lutyen
was in charge of the construction work, which
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lasted from 1921 to 1931, and the Duke of
Connaught laid the foundation stone.
15. National Gallery of Modern Art
Jaipur House, India Gate
This museum was built in the former residence of
Jaipur’s maharajas, and the museum’s collection
consists of works of art from the last 150 years.
Visitors to the museum can get a good insight into
the development of modern Indian painting and
sculpturing.
16. Purana Quila
Mathura Road
Purana Quila, New Delhi’s “Old Fort”, was built
by the Afghan Sher Shah Suri in the 16
th
century,
and it is a fine example of medieval fort building.
The fort is beautifully situated by the Yamuna
River, and it is also the venue of a fascinating
sound and light show depicting 5,000 years of
history in the Delhi area.
Tour 3: New Delhi
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Tour 3: New Delhi
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Tour 4: New Delhi
17. Humayun’s Tomb
Lodi Road

Humayun’s Tomb is an architectural forerunner to
the famous Taj Mahal, as well as most of the later
Mughal buildings.
Emperor Humayun’s widow, Haji Begum, built
the tomb in Nizamuddin style in 1565. The
construction is a splendid example of the building
style of the Moguls, when it was at its zenith.
18. Lodi Gardens
Lodi Road
Lodi Gardens is a remarkably serene refuge from
the stress of the city that surrounds it. The
beautifully landscaped Garden is from 1936, and
its name alludes to the four tombs it has been built
around. The tombs are from the Lodi Dynasty,
which was the last of New Delhi’s sultanates.
The four tombs belong to Indian rulers from the
15
th
and 16
th
centuries: Mohammad Shah, Sikander
Lodi, Sheesh Gumbad and Bara Gumbad.
Mohammad Shar’s Tomb is from 1444, and it has
been a source of inspiration for Humayun’s Tomb.
Bara Gumbad’s Tomb was built in 1494 and a
mosque carrying his name stands beside it. Sheesh
Gumbad’s Tomb is only a few years younger. It is
situated across from Bara Gumbad. Sikander
Lodi’s Tomb was erected in 1517.
Another interesting construction is the Athpula

Bridge from the 16
th
century. It is thought to have
been built during the reign of the Mogul Emperor
Akbar.
19. Safdarjang’s Tomb
Lodi Road
Safdarjang’s Tomb was the last great Mughal
construction in New Delhi. The mighty building
with its characteristic marble dome was erected in
1753-1754 by Emperor Muhammad Shah, the last
Mogul Wazir’s (Prime Minister’s) son, in honour
of his father.
20. Qutb Minar
Mehrauli, Delhi-Gurgaon Road
The 72.5 metre tall Qutb Minar Tower was built in
the 13
th
century by Outbuddin Aibak and Otub
Minar as a symbol of the city’s Muslim rule. It is
made of richly ornamented sandstones.
Qutb Minar was the first major Muslim
construction work in New Delhi, and it became a
source of inspiration for later Indian Islamic
architecture.
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By Qutb Minar is the Ashoka Pillar, erected in the
5
th
century. It is said that if a person standing with
his back to the pillar can make his hands meet
around it, he or she will have a wish fulfilled.
21. Bahai Temple
Nehru Place
www.bahaindia.org
The Bahai Temple is also called the Lotus Temple
because of its striking similarity to a lotus flower.
The temple was built in 1986, and it has been
credited with several architectural awards.
The complex is 40 metres high, and the central hall
can accommodate 2,500 people.
Tour 4: New Delhi
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Tour 4: New Delhi
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Day Tours from
New Delhi
22. Agra
Agra, 200 km S
Agra was the capital of the Moguls in the 16
th
and
17
th
centuries, and the city has some very
interesting buildings. Agra can be easily reached by
express train from New Delhi, or on an arranged
tour.
22a. Red Fort
The Red Fort of Agra was built in 1565 under
Mughal rule as a military bastion within the city,
but after several years, it developed into a palace
complex. The fort itself was built in Mughal style,
whereas the women’s quarters, Jahangir Mahal, has
Hindu characteristics. Agra’s Red Fort was a
source of inspiration for New Delhi’s Red Fort,
which was built after New Delhi became India’s
capital. The forts share the same functions and the
same basic structure, such as the high red walls.
Inside, there are two audience chambers and the
Mogul’s residence.
22b. Taj Mahal

The magnificent mausoleum Taj Mahal, which
stands on the banks of the Yamamuna River, has
inspired artists ever since it was built in the 17
th
century. This building is among the most famous
in the world.
The Taj Mahal was built in honour of Arjumand
Bano Bergum, who, at the age of 21, married the
Mogul Prince Khurram. Khurram assumed the
name Shah Jahan when he became ruler of the
Mughal Empire in 1628. Arjumand received the
title Mumtaz Mahal, “Jewel of the Palace”. When
the princess died in 1631 while giving birth, Shah
Jahan and his Court mourned her for two years.
Shah Jahan decided to build a memorial in her
honour, so beautiful that the world should never
forget her.
The construction of Taj Mahal began in 1633 and
20,000 people worked on it until it was completed
in 1650. From his fort in Agra, Shah Jahan could
view the Taj Mahal and be reminded of his wife.
In 1658, Shah Jahan was dethroned and placed
under house arrest in Agra. There he could look
upon the Taj Mahal, where he was to be laid to
rest next to his wife 15 years hence.
Shah Jahan had two passions besides his wife:
construction and jewels. Accordingly, the Taj
Mahal was constructed like a queen’s jewel-box
using only the finest materials. Jade was imported
from China, white marble from Rajasthan and

sapphires from Sri Lanka. The entrance building to
the mausoleum is 30 metres high. It was built of
red sandstone in 1648.
The beautiful Taj Mahal is located adjacent to the
garden facilities rather than in the centre. The
central dome is 75 metres in height, and
underneath it are the tombs of Mumtaz Mahal and
Shah Jahan. On each side of the main building,
which is flanked by four minarets, stands a red
sandstone building. The building to the west is a
mosque, the one to the east a guesthouse.
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23. Jaipur
Jaipur, 250 km SW
www.rajasthantourism.gov.in
In Jaipur, visitors can experience the charm and
atmosphere of Old India. The Maharaja Jai Sing II,
after whom it was named, founded Jaipur in 1727.
Jai Singh shifted his capital from the fortified city
of Amber to the beautifully situated Jaipur,
surrounded by mountains on three sides.
Jaipur’s Old City was built in the Hindu tradition;
divided into nine parts and surrounded by a seven-
gated wall.

23a. Hawa Mahal
The unique and beautiful facade of Hawa Mahal,
Palace of Winds, in Jaipur’s Old City, has made the
building one of Jaipur’s icons. The five-storey
structure has countless canopied windows. It was
built in 1799 by Pratap Singh.
Day Tours from New Delhi
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23b. Jantar Mantar
The astronomy-interested Maharaja Jai Singh built
five observatories altogether. Jantar Mantar
Observatory in Jaipur was built in 1728, and it is
the best preserved of the five.
23c. City Palace
Jaipur City Palace occupies more than one seventh
of the original walled city. The building style is a
blend of Mughal and Rajasthan’s traditional
architecture. The vast palace complex includes the

seven-storey Chandra Mahal, from which there is a
fine view, a temple and a museum.
23d. Moti Dungri
Moti Dungri/Pearl Hill lies in the centre of Jaipur.
Perched on top of the hill is a Scottish-style castle,
which appears strangely exotic against the
traditional Indian cityscape. At the foot of the hill
lies a very fascinating temple dedicated to the god
Ganesh.
23e. Albert Hall
The impressive Albert Hall is situated in the
beautiful Ram Niwas, “Garden of the Maharaja”.
Built in 1887 by the English architect, Swinton
Jacob, in an interesting blend of English and
North Indian palatial styles.
The Albert Hall is now a museum with paintings
and handicraft made of many different materials
among its exhibits.
23f. Gaitore
Gaitore is the place where Jaipur’s maharajas are
cremated. The mighty cenotaphs are built in the
typical local style. Sawai Jai Singh II’s cenotaph is
particularly appealing because of the beautiful
design of its delicate carvings.
24. Amber
Amber, 225 km SW
The fortified mountain city of Amber was the
residence of the ruling Kachhawa clan, and it was
Rajasthan’s capital for more than 700 years before
Jai Singh founded Jaipur in 1731. The city fortress

is a magnificent example of mixed Hindu and
Mogul architecture. It is possible to ride to the
town on elephants.
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Entrance to the city is via the main gate, Surajpol,
which leads to Jaleb Chowk, the first courtyard,
where soldiers were previously received. From
Jaleb Chowk, visitors can proceed to the Shila
Devi Temple, which is famous for its beautiful
silverwork, including a large pair of silver lions.
The audience hall, Diwan-i-Am, is situated close to
the palace, and behind the Ganesh Gate lies the
maharaja’s residence. The exquisite interior of the
palace includes paintings, ornamentation,
gemstones and mirrors. There are also several
other buildings in the large palace complex.
Mot själva palatset ligger audienssalen Diwan-I-
Am, och bakom Ganesh-porten själva
maharadjans residens. Innanför syns en dyrbar
inredning med förnäma målerier, ornamentering,
ädelstenar och många speglar. Många andra
byggnader ligger också i det stora komplexet.
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With children in New Delhi
Bal Bhawan National Children's Museum &
Aquarium (Kotla Road 1)
Doll’s Museum (Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg 4)
Entertainment Park Appu Ghar (Pragati Maidan):
www.appughar.com
Rail Transport Museum
(Chanakya Puri, Shanti Path)
National Zoological Garden
(Delhi-Mathura Road):
www.delhizoo.org
Shopping in New Delhi
Chandni Chowk, Chawri Bazaar, around
Connaught Place, Janpath Road, Sharadi Road,
Haus Khaz quarter
Ansal Plaza (Hudco Place, Khel Gaon Marg):
www.ansalplazadelhi.com
CTC Plaza (Kilokari, Jangpura):
www.ctcplaza.com
DLF City Centre (Mehrauli Gurgaon Road):
www.dlf.in
Gold Souk (C Block, Sushant Lok):
www.goldsoukindia.com
Pacific Mall (Ghaziabad):
www.pacificmalls.com
Spice World (Noida):
www.spiceworld.co.in

SRS World (Faridabad):
www.srs-world.com
Public transport in New Delhi
New Delhi City transport:
www.delhimetrorail.com
New Delhi Airport:
www.airportsindia.org.in/aai/igi
Indian State Railways :
www.indianrail.gov.in
Children / Shopping / Transportation
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South Asia

24

Metro Map
Metro Map
THE BEST MASTER
IN THE NETHERLANDS
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South Asia

25

Facts about India
Political
Official name Republic of India
Capital Delhi
System of government Federal Parliamentary Republic

Head of state President Pratibha Patil
Head of government Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
National Day 15 August
Independence achieved 15 August 1947
Primary religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism
Language English, Hindi
Area 3,287,590 km²
Population (2008) 1,147,995,898
Facts about India