duyen hai 11 2022 dap an

HỘI CÁC TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN

KÌ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI NĂM HỌC 2021-2022

VÙNG DUYÊN HẢI VÀ ĐỒNG BẰNG BẮC BỘ

MÔN THI: TIẾNG ANH LỚP 11

TRƯỜNG THPT CHUYÊN HOÀNG VĂN THỤ -

Ngày thi: 15 tháng 7 năm 2022

HỊA BÌNH

Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút

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(không kể thời gian giao đề)

ĐỀ THI ĐỀ XUẤT

(Đề thi gồm … trang)

KEY
I. LISTENING
1. Part 1
Listen and decide whether the following sentences are true (T) or false (F).
1F

2T

3T

4F

5F

Part 2. You will hear a radio programme about Bio-mimicry, the science of copying
nature in order to create new technologies. Listen and complete the notes below.
Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS and/or A NUMBER.
1. seed heads
2. hold nails
3. harvest moisture
4. waxy finish
5. worms
Part 3: You will hear part of a radio programme about journalists who interview
famous people. Choose the answer which fits best according to what you hear.
1. c

2. a

3. d

4. b

5. d

Part 4: Listen to a piece of news about the loss of rainforests and complete the
summary below. Write no more than three words or a number.
1. commercial use

2. 25% / a quarter of / 1/4

3. medical compounds

4. herbal remedies / medicines

5. carbon sinks

6. rising sea levels

7. wars/disputes

8. exploitation

9. reduce poverty

10. alternative vegetable oils

B. LEXICO-GRAMMAR
Part 1. Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
*Grammar
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* Grammar
1C 2B 3A 4B 5C
*VOCABULARY
1A 2B 3C 4D 5D 6A 7B 8D 9C 10A 11D 12A 13D 14B 15B
Part 2. Give the correct form of the words in the brackets.

1. eventuality

2. futuristic

3. impassable

4. intoxicated

5. publicize

6. impartiality

7.multiracial

8. Miscalculation

9. commemorate

10. unendurable
C. READING
Part 1: Read the following passage. Fill each blank with ONE suitable word.
1. individualists

2. slaves

3. afford

4. trends

5. trendy

6. dictate

7. fashion

8. ornaments

9. follow

10. conformists

Part 2. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
1. D 2. C

3. C

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. C

10. A

Part 3. Answer the questions 1-13, which are based on reading passage below.
Part 3.
1. C
2. B
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. D
7. B
8. C
9. FALSE
10. NOT GIVEN
11. TRUE
12. FALSE 13. A
Part 4: You are going to read an article from The Economist. Seven paragraphs
have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs A – H the one
which fits each gap (1 – 7).
There is one extra paragraph which you do not need to use. Write your answers in
the corresponding numbered boxes provided.
1G 2A 3C 4F 5H 6E 7B
Task 5: Read the passage and choose the destination from A – E. Each destination
may be chosen more than once.
1A 2D 3A 4A 5E 6C 7&8: C&E 9&10: B&D
D. WRITING
Part 1. Writing a summary
Part 2. Chart describing
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1. Completion: 4 pts

2. Content: 5 pts
- Cover the main information in the chart yet not go into too many details.
- Make general remarks and effective comparisons.
3. Organisation: 4 pts
- The ideas are well organized
- The description is sensibly divided into paragraphs
4. Language: 4pts
- Use a wide range of vocabulary and structure
- Good grammar
5. Punctuation and spelling: 3 pt
Part 3:
1. Content: (40%)
- Providing all main ideas and details as required
- Communicating intentions sufficiently and
effectively
2. Language: (40%)

-

3. Organization and
Presentation: (20%)

-

Demonstration of a variety of vocabulary and
structures appropriate to the level of English
language gifted upper-secondary school students
Good use and control of grammatical structures
Good punctuation and no spelling mistakes
Legible handwriting

Ideas are well organized and presented with
coherence, cohesion, and clarity
The essay is well-structured

TAPESCRIPT
Part 1
Good morning again, ladies and gentlemen, and in case you’ve forgotten, my name is
Dr North from the Marine Habitat Research Unit at the University and I’m going to
continue from the lecture that I gave a fortnight ago on humankind’s relationship with
the sea from a historical point of view and also on attitudes to different types of
fishing. In today’s talk, I would like to focus on the current problems in the fishing
industry in Europe and, in particular, the present scarcity of marine fish. As with the
last lecture, I have placed a book list, a few relevant articles and a copy of this lecture
on the department website.

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A statistic to begin with. Since the 1970s, stocks of the most heavily fished species
have fallen on average by 90%. And why has this happened? Well, there is a chain of
events which begins with the demographic changes that have taken place in the world
over the last century. During this time, the world population has grown at a
phenomenal rate with efficient and heavy fishing, which is technology-driven, meeting
the increasing demands for food. As a consequence, many fishing stocks in the
European waters from the Atlantic to the North Sea and the Mediterranean are now on
the verge of collapse. But the problem is not restricted to European waters. It’s a
situation that is all too clear all around the world. Fish stocks in the Pacific Ocean, for
example, are now on the verge of collapse due to a combination of overfishing and
natural changes in ocean ecology. And there’s another reason behind the increased
demand for fish and that is the changes in the eating patterns of different countries.

Certain countries have a long tradition of fishing, for example, the southern European
countries, but eating patterns have changed in countries like the United Kingdom,
where fish was once considered as food for the poor rather than the rich. People have
been turning to fish as a cheap and healthy alternative to meat, driving up demand and
depleting stocks. Food scares like BSE and foot-and-mouth disease have also driven
people away from eating meat, which again is invariably replaced by fish.
PART 2
Architecture, chemical processes, material sciences – all these faculties are beginning
to be touched by ideas which are inspired by nature. Where in, the past, man’s
inventions have been considered all-powerful, engineers are now turning to nature,
over the last 3.8 billion years, has developed a wealth of successful innovations. So,
over the last decade there has been a new wave of scientific interest in Biomimicry,
measures which emulate nature’s genius. And we are not restricted to copying the
structures found in nature. We can also imitate its processes and its systems.
One of the most famous products inspired by nature is the sticky fastening,
Velcro, invented in 1941 by the Swiss engineer George de Mestral, who noticed how
the seed heads of burdock got tangled in his clothes and his dog’s coat. Meanwhile,
engineers at the Centre of Biomimetics at Reading University, have developed a
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material based on the properties of wood. One of the reasons why wood is so useful to
us is that its ability hold nails when they are driven into it. This property is down to the
structure of hollow cells, and fibres which hold the nail in place. The new material
uses equivalent fibres made of glass fibres, and resin to hold everything in place. The
result is a material with the same geometric arrangement as wood, but which has none
of the disadvantages of wood – that it changes shape according to moisture levels and
temperature. The substitute wood has been developed for the post office. They wanted
a container which could contain threatening packages, directing the blast safely and
holding any explosive fragments.

But the second realm of Bio-mimetic is imitating not the just physical form of
natural substances, but also the processes that take place in nature. A perfect example
of this is the Sahara Forest Project, which has utilised a processed used by the
Namibian Fog Basking Beetle. This beetle is able to live in very harsh, desert
conditions using its ability to harvest moisture from the air. The beetle comes out into
the desert only at night and, due to its black shell, is able to maintain a temperature
cooler than that of its surroundings. The moist breeze blows in from the sea, and
droplets of water condense on the beetles shell. At sunrise, the beetle lifts its shell,
drinks and returns to its hole. What is even more interesting is that the beetle has
hydrophilic bumps on its shell which attract water, separated by a waxy finish which
repels water. Consequently, the water gathers in tight, spherical droplets, so that hardly
any water is wasted. The Sahara Forest Project uses a process which is, in effect,
identical to that of the beetle. Seawater evaporates from the front wall of the
greenhouse to create ideal cool growing conditions, and condenses to form fresh water
on the downwind side of the greenhouse.
However, just mimicking the structure and processes in nature is not enough, if,
in doing so, we create tones of waste. Human designs are linear. We take resources
from the earth, use what we need, and the rest goes to waste. But in the natural world,
systems are cyclical. Waste from one organism goes on to become nutrients for
another. One scheme which has taken advantage of nature’s cyclical design is ‘the
Able Project’ based in Wakefield, Yorkshire. Here, everything is recycled and
reintegrated into the system. Consequently the project is able to turn cardboard into
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caviar. The cardboard is used as animal bedding, and is then composted using
vermiculture. The worms are then used to feed fish. Excrement from the fish is
collected and recycled into the system.
The age of Biometry is still in its infancy. The novel and yet proven ideas which
are inspired by nature are attractive to industries. But we need to be careful. As we

lose more animal habitats to development, extinction rates are increasing. And with
this we lose the wisdom and ideas embodied in these species. Already, we’ve seen the
loss of the Gastric Brooding Frog, an animal able to turn off its production of stomach
acid. Had we been able to study this animal before its demise, we could have found a
way to alleviate the problems experienced by many sufferers of excess stomach acid.
Part 3
Presenter:
Journalism has become a subject for serious study, judging by the number of schools
and colleges offering courses and degrees in media studies. Students now write theses
on the Art of Interviewing. We are in something of a mini golden age for the Celebrity
Interview. Just open any British paper or magazine. In Britain, almost every paper has
its star interviewer. The bylines are big, the space generous and the remuneration
handsome. Rival papers try to lure away star interviewers, the way they once fought
over the Big Columnist or the Voice of Sport, knowing that a good interview, with a
good name, sells papers. But who are these interviewers and how do they do it? I
spoke first to Lynn Barber, who’s been interviewing famous people, or FPs, for many
years for a variety of national newspapers.
Lynn Barber:
Left to myself, I tend to choose interviewees who are male, older than myself and
difficult. I don’t mind if they are vain, egotistical or badly behaved. I avoid nice, sane,
straightforward people. My best subjects are the last people on earth you would want
to meet at a dinner party. I usually start with a clever, complicated question like ‘You
said in one paper in 1996 blah blah blah, whereas you told a magazine in 1998 blah
blah blah.’ This is to let them see that I've done my homework, that I’ve made an effort
and so should they, and that I won’t be fobbed off with old answers. Then I might go
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on to some soft questions about childhood, finishing with a few more provocative
observations, carefully worded, such as ‘It seems to me you are very arrogant’, just to

get them going.
Presenter:
For Zoe Heller, each interview is a week’s work.
ZoeHeller:
It does look like a breeze, interviewing one person and taking a week over it. I’ve got
faster, but I still write very slowly. I don’t know how people manage without a tape
recorder. I couldn’t do it. You couldn’t possibly get their exact words. I often send
them one of my previous pieces in advance, showing them what they’re in for, what
they can expect. If they agree to see me, I expect them to play the game. There always
is a dilemma. I fret about upsetting people but at the same time I want to describe
them honestly. Quite a few people have been upset. I wouldn’t be interviewed by me.
Or by anyone. God, no. I spend a whole week persuading someone to do something
that I wouldn’t do myself in a month of Sundays.
Presenter:
Angela Lambert, a very experienced interviewer, doesn’t use a tape recorder, she
makes notes in longhand during the interview.
Angela Lambert:
When I arrive, I usually explain that everything that happens belongs to me, though if
they say something is off the record, I won’t write it down. If they are nervous, I’ll say,
‘Look, trust me, otherwise you won’t enjoy it and I won’t enjoy it. If you’re really
nervous, I’ll abandon it.’ I have no hidden agenda. If of course they behave badly, and
are beastly, I’ll write that down. At the end, I say if they have any regrets, then say it
now. They hardly ever take anything back, except trivial things, such as perhaps
‘Don’t mention my brother’. A great many interviewees mistake intimacy for real
friendship. There is reciprocal warmth, which can be very embarrassing, as I’m highly
unlikely to see them again. If you are doing an ordinary human interest story, I know
that my sympathy will stop the moment the interview is over. They don’t realize that,
but I feel guilty. If it’s a so-called celebrity interview, then that doesn’t matter. I don’t
feel guilty. They know the ropes.
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Presenter:
Ray Connolly is one of the few male journalists rated by the women in the field.
Ray Connolly:
As for my approach, I try to tell a story, with a beginning, a middle and an end, in
order to make it readable. That’s why chat-show interviews are so poor. The best bit
might be in the first minute, or the last minute. With a written interview, you can shape
it to get the best effect. If asked, I will let people see the interview, but I don’t offer. In
30 years, I’ve had few complaints. I often protect people from themselves. They don’t
realize what they say, how things might hurt their children. I like doing writers best. I
like actors least. They have nothing to say.
Presenter:
Now, as an interviewer myself, this got me thinking ..
PART 4
Since the start of 20th century, roughly half of the world's rainforests have been wiped
out. And by the end of the 21st century, rainforests may go extinct altogether. You may
think it's just a few plants and animals that'll suffer, but modern society relies on
rainforests more than you might realize.
The loss of this dense biodiversity could lead to sickness, poverty, even war.
So, what would a post-rainforest look like?
Well, first it is important to understand why the rainforest is disappearing. Globally,
over the last 40 years, an area possibly the size of Europe has been cleared and
repurposed for commercial use. In some cases the land is replanted with trees that
produce rubber or palm oil, in other cases it is used as grazing land for cattle, or torn
down for urban development. And if nothing is done, we may ultimately see
rainforests gone altogether, and along with them, crucial benefits.
Without rainforests, some estimate that the basis for up to a quarter of modern
medicine would be lost, with thousands of medical compounds derived from plants.
For example, the rosy periwinkle, which is naturally endemic only to Madagascar,

produces two anti-tumor drugs used to fight leukemia and Hodgkin's Disease.
Chemicals synthesized as a result of this plant contribute to an estimated $160 million

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dollars per year and the rainforest plant-drug market in total has been estimated at
roughly $150 billion dollars.
Many poor communities rely on rainforest plants life for medicine, as prescription
medication and derivatives are completely unaffordable for large portions of the
world's population.
The World Health Organization estimates that roughly 80% of Africa's population uses
traditional, herbal medicine as part of their primary health care, while in China, up to
half of all medicine consumed are herbal remedies.
Besides a medicinal outlook, the lack of vegetation could mean a rapid rise in climate
change. Rainforests are known as "carbon sinks", which means that they consume
carbon dioxide, clearing it from the atmosphere. Studies show that roughly 40% of
manmade CO2 is absorbed by forests. As carbon dioxide levels rise and rainforest
acreage falls, the subsequent change in climate can contribute to severe droughts, as
well as rising sea levels.
This is a bigger problem than it may seem, as climate change plays a huge role in
geopolitics. Wars over resources are devastating, and demand for farming land
continues to outstrip its supply. In 2014 in northern Honduras, US-backed security
forces were implicated in the murder and intimidation of local farmers involved in
disputes over palm oil. More than 100 people have already been killed over the
disputes.
In other parts of the world, entire indigenous tribes are being killed and displaced in
favor of commercial logging and razing.
But stopping this deforestation may not end up solving the larger problem. Even when
ignoring financial gain by businesses which exploit these natural resources, many

people in developing countries rely on the exploitation to survive. For example, palm
oil employs millions of farmers, and the industry plays an important role in reducing
poverty. According to one NGO on Sustainable Palm Oil, as many as 4.5 million
people in Indonesia and Malaysia work in its production. And simply switching to
another method of production could potentially be even worse for the environment.
Alternative vegetable oils, like sunflower, soybean, and rapeseed produce about 4 to

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10 times less oil per acre, so to meet demand, even more land would have to be
destroyed.
We all know rainforests are vital, but their direct impacts in day-to-day health, global
stability and the condition of the world's atmosphere are regularly understated. In the
end, a world without rainforests is much more devastating than we might realize, and
much harder to avoid than we might expect.
THE END

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