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PảN NẢ TO MUI AMONI
I . Ĺ thuyt:
1. Tng quan
- 






















( 











4
NO
3
).
- 



 , 









 ,  , 
. 












(khan) 












 



=> 







-  ( 
HNO
3















4
NO
3
).
2. Mt s ví d minh ha
VD1.
H      

3
 


a. .
b. 
3

Ảii:

n
NO
= 2,24/22,4 = 0,1 mol; n
NaOH
= 0,3.0,2 = 0,06 mol
a) 
2

nung là CuO  n
CuO
= 20/80 = 0,25 mol 
2
)(OHCu
n
= n
CuO
= 0,25 mol.

n


= n
Cu (trong CuO)
= 0,25 mol  m
Cu
= 0,25.64 = 16 g
b) Trong X, n
2
Cu
=
2
)(OHCu
n
= 0,25 mol  m
23
)Cu(NO
= 188.0,25 = 47 g
Cu  Cu
2+
+ 2e
0,25 mol 0,5 mol
Mà:
5
N
+ 3e 
2
N

0,3 mol 0,1 mol
HNO
3

 
4
NO
3
.
n

= n

= 0,5 mol  n

35 
NN
= 0,5  0,3 = 0,2 mol

5
N
+ 8e 
3
N

0,2 mol 0,025 mol
 n
34
NONH
= 0,025 mol  m
34
NONH
= 80.0,025 = 2 g
bo toàn nguyên t:

n
3
HNO

= n
N (trong
23
)Cu(NO
)
+ n
N (trong NO)
+ n
N (trong
34
NONH
)

= 2n
23
)Cu(NO
+ n
NO
+ 2n
34
NONH
= 0,65 mol
(Nu s dng công thc tính nhanh  trên ta có: n
3
HNO


= 4.n
NO
+ 10.n
34
NONH
= 4.0,1 + 10.0,25 = 0,65 mol)
 m
3
HNO
= 63.0,65 = 40,95 g  C% =
%100.
800
95,40
= 5,12%
VD2: Cho 1,68gam  Mg tác g    500ml dung  HNO3 aM thu   Y và 0,448lít
khí NO duy  Tính a và     thành trong Y?
Ảii :

- 
 
+
0,07
Mg
n mol


3
)
2



và
0,02
NO
n mol


3
NO

+ 4H
+
+ 3e

NO + 2H
2
O
0,08 0,06 0,02
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

3
0,08
0,08 0,16
0,5

HNO
H
n n mol a M

    

+ Th
Mg - 2e

Mg
2+
(1) và
3
NO

+ 4H
+
+ 3e

NO + 2H
2
O (2)
0,07 0,14 0,08 0,06 0,02

3


4
NH


.
3
NO

+ 10H
+
+ 8e


4
NH

+ 3H
2
O (2)
0,1 0,08 0,01


3
0,18 0,36
HNO
H
n n mol a M

   

+ Trong Y có: 0,07mol Mg(NO
3
)
2

và 0,01mol NH
4
NO
3


m

= 0,07.148 + 0,01.80 = 11,16g
- 

Ví d 3 


Ảii :

4
NH

,
0,07
Mg
n mol

HNO
3
không sinh ra NH
4
NO
3

thì trong X có: 0,07mol Mg(NO
3
)
2


m

= 0,07.148 = 10,36g < 11,16g

trong X còn có NH
4
NO
3

43
11,16 10,36
0,01
80
NH NO
n mol


. Các q
Mg - 2e

Mg
2+
(1)
3

NO

+ 10H
+
+ 8e


4
NH

+ 3H
2
O (2)
0,07 0,14 0,1 0,08 0,01

x
O
y
thì
x
3
NO

+ (6x  2y)H
+
+ (5x  2y)e

N
x
O

y
+ (3x  y) H
2
O (3)
0,02(5x -2y) 0,02mol
+  2y)

5x  2y = 3 (*)

2
, N
2
, N
2



Y là NO và V = 0,72lít
Ví d 4:
Hoà tan hoà
3
aM

2

Bài gii:
- 
CuO + 2H
+


Cu
2+
+ H
2
O (4)
0,1 0,2
Al - 3e

Al
3+
(5) 2
3
NO

+ 10H
+
+ 8e

N
2
O + 5H
2
O (6)
0,14 0,42 0,3 0,24 0,03
T
4
NO
3


4
NH

là : 0,42  0,24 =
0,18mol


3
NO

+ 10H
+
+ 8e


4
NH

+ 3H
2
O (7)
0,225 0,18 0,0225
3
0,725 1,45
HNO
H
n n mol a M

   


3
)
2
, 0,14mol Al(NO
3
)
3
và
0,0225mol NH
4
NO
3


m

= 0,1.188 + 0,14.213 + 0,0225.80 = 50,42g
Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni

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Ví d 5:

2
.


3


 
Ảii:
1. 
0,1 , 0,14
CuO Al
n mol n mol

2
3
không sinh ra NH
4
NO
3
thì trong Y có: 0,1mol Cu(NO
3
)
2
và 0,14mol
Al(NO
3
)
3


m

= 0,1.188 + 0,14.213 = 48,62g < 50,42g

trong Y còn có NH

4
NO
3

- 
CuO + 2H
+


Cu
2+
+ H
2
O (7)
0,1 0,2
Al - 3e

Al
3+
(8)
0,14 0,42
43
50,42 48,62
0,0225
80
NH NO
n mol



3
NO

+ 10H
+
+ 8e


4
NH

+ 3H
2
O (9)
0,225 0,18 0,0225
+ G
x
O
y
thì
x
3
NO

+ (6x  2y)H
+
+ (5x  2y)e

N
x

O
y
+ (3x  y) H
2
O (3)
0,03(5x -2y) 0,03mol
n e ta có: 0,42 = 0,18 + 0,03(5x  2y)

5x  2y = 8 (**)

2
, N
2
, N
2

2


Z là N
2
O và V = 1,45lít.
II. B̀i tp áp dng
B̀i 1:  12,42 


3
, 







1,344 () 



2 
2



2
. 
2
18. 






. G bao nhiêu?
B̀i 2: 



6,73 


0,8 










3
.












 , 

0,896 () . 



 

46 .  khí nào?
B̀i 3: Cho 1,68 











 500


3
xM. 











0,448 .  




?
B̀i 4: Cho 3,76 





 ( 









 14:1) 



3





 , 





 0,672  . 








 

 22,6  . 





 .  

 







Y?
B̀i 5: Cho 2,16 








3
. 












0,896 () . 
bao nhiêu?
B̀i 6: Nung 2,23 








 , Al, Zn, Mg trong oxi 






2,71 



 . 
3


c 0,672 (
, ).Tính s
3







?
Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni

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Bài 7: 
3


2
và N
2

0
 

2
SO
4
0,1M.


3

Bài 8: 
3


M


Bài 9: 

3



Bài 10: Cho 6,45 gam Al và Al
2
O
3

3





Bài 11: 


3




Bài 12 : 


bao nhiêu?

Bài 13: 
3


2

Bài 14: 
3


2

Bài 15: 
3


Bài 16: 
3



Bài 17:  HNO
3


Bài 18: 
3


Bài 19: 

3


Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni

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Bài 20: 
3


Bài 21: 
HNO
3
,4928lít N
2


Bài 22: 
3


2

trong Y?
Bài 23: 
2
O
3


HNO
3

2


Bài 24: 
3


Y?
Bài 25: 
3




Bài 26:  
3




Bài 27: 2mol Zn và 0,04mol Al
2
O
3

3




Bài 28: 
3




Bài 29: 
3


2


mol các khí trong Z?
c. Tính V?

Bài 30: 
HNO
3
O, N
2

2

là 18,5.
Bài tp chuyên đ to mui amoni

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

c. Tính m?



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