Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 2393 2393

Organism

Region

Vibrio
cholerae

Tropics.
Incubation period 1–3 Azithromycin (20
Particularly
days
mg/kg as a single
South Asia, Painless voluminous
dose; maximum
Southeast
dose: 1 g)
watery (rice-water)
Asia, and
diarrhea without
Africa
abdominal cramps or
fever
Complications include
dehydration,
hypokalemia,
metabolic acidosis,
hypovolemic shock,
coma, seizures, and
death
Worldwide
Incubation period 10

Azithromycin (6–20
hrs–6 days
mg/kg/day for 1–5
days; maximum
Enteropathic and
daily dose: 1,000–
enterotoxigenic:
1,500 mg) or
self-limited to
fluoroquinolones
watery diarrhea with
(e.g., ciprofloxacin
abdominal cramps
15 mg/kg twice
Shiga-toxin producing
daily for 3 days;
(STEC):
maximum: 500
hemorrhagic colitis
mg/dose);
—bloody or
rifaximin (200 mg
nonbloody stool
tid × 3 days) can be
Enteroinvasive: bloody
used in children
or nonbloody
≥12 yo
diarrhea with fever
Administration of

Enteroaggregative:
antibiotics to
watery and
children with
occasionally bloody
STEC infection is
diarrhea
controversial.

E. coli

Clinical
manifestations

Treatment