Pediatric emergency medicine trisk 2390 2390

• Severe end-organ involvement:
• Hepatic transaminases >1,000 IU/L
• Impaired consciousness
• End-organ failure
e-TABLE 94.20
INFLAMMATORY VERSUS NONINFLAMMATORY DIARRHEA
Mechanism

Symptoms
Stool quality
Anatomic site
Pathogens

Inflammatory

Noninflammatory

Destruction of enteric
mucous membranes
resulting in inflammatory
response. Release of
neutrophils and
erythrocytes in stool.
Abdominal pain, fever,
tenesmus
Small volume, frequent,
blood and mucus present
Distal ileum and colon
Enteroinvasive E. coli
Enterohemorrhagic E. coli
Campylobacter spp.

Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Clostridium difficile
Entamoeba histolytica

Osmotic: inability to
breakdown disaccharides
Secretory: intestinal
epithelial cells are
stimulated to secrete fluid
Abdominal pain, nausea,
vomiting
Large volume, watery stool
Proximal small intestine
Enterotoxigenic E. coli
Vibrio cholera
Campylobacter spp.
Salmonella spp.
Bacillis cereus
Cryptosporidium hominis
Giardia intestinalis