NHAN
VAT-Sy
KIEN
BOI
CANH
LICH
SU* DAI HOI II CUA
DANG
•
• •
GS
DINH
XUAN
LAM
Ngay
2-9-1945, Chu
tich
Ho Chi
Minh
da thay mat
Chinh
phii
lam
thdi
trinh
trong doc
Tuyen ngdn
doc
lap,
tuyen bd trudc qudc dan ddng bao
va
nhan dan the
gidi
la nude
Viet
Nam
Dan
chii
Cdng hda da ra ddi, khang
dinh:
"Nude
Viet
Nam cd quyen hudng tu do
va
ddc lap, va su that da thanh mdt nude
tu
do ddc lap. Toan the dan tdc
Viet
Nam
quyet dem tat ca
tinh
than va luc luong,
tinh
mang va
ciia
cai de giu vung quyen
tu
do, ddc lap ay"
1
.
Trong
bdi canh dd.
Viet
Nam can cd hda
binh
de
kien
thiet dat nude, vi vay,
Chinh
phii
nude
Viet
Nam Dan
chii
Cdng hda da
r
r
kien
tri
giai
quyet mdi quan he bang giao
hda
binh
va hop tac vdi
Chinh
phii
Phap.
Viet
Nam da nhan nhuong ky
Hiep dinh
so
ho
(6-3-1946). Nhung thuc dan
Phap
da
phan bdi cac van ban vua duoc ky ket chua
rao muc, trang
tron
pha hoai cac cudc dam
phan ngoai giao giua
Viet
Nam va
Phap.
Vdi
ban chat thuc dan,
chiing
da bdi udc,
lan
tdi bang chinh tri - quan su nham thuc
hien
am muu dat lai toan bd ach thdng tri
tren
dat nude ta.
Trudc
tinh
hinh
ngay cang nghiem trong
do.
quan va dan ta van
binh
tmh ddi phd va
khan
truang chuan bj.
Tinh
the khan cap
ddi
hdi Dang va Nha nude -
diing
dau la
chii
tich
Hd Chi
Minh
- phai cd mdt su
chon
lira
lich
sii, phai kjp thai cd mdt quyet
djnh
chien luac de xoay chuyen van nude
dang lam nguy.
Diing
20 gid ngay 19-12-
1946,
menh lenh chien dau da dugc phat ra,
Ldi
keu goi
toan quoc khdng chien
ciia
Chii
tjch
Hd Chi
Minh
dugc truyen di rdng rai
khap ca nude:
"Chiing
ta mudn hda
binh,
chiing
ta phai nhan nhuang. Nhung
chiing
ta cang nhan nhuang,
thirc
dan
Phap
cang
lan
tdi, vi
chiing
quyet tam cudp nude ta
lan
nua!
Khdng!
Chiing
tha hy sinh tat ca,
chii
nhat
djnh
khdng
chju
mat nude, nhat
djnh
khdng
chju
lam nd le"
2
.
Tiep
dd, ngay 21-12-1946,
Ngudi
da
giii
thu den nhan dan
Viet
Nam. nhan dan
Phap
va nhan dan cac nude Ddng
minh
ndi
rd
muc
tieu
va y chi dau tranh vi ddc lap
tu
do
ciia
Viet
Nam, va khang
djnh:
"Cudc
khang chien rat lau dai va dau khd. Du
phai
hy sinh bao nhieu va
thdi
gian khang
chien
den bao gid,
chiing
ta cung nhat
dinh
chien
dau den
ciing,
den bao gid nude
Viet
Nam
dugc hoan toan ddc lap va thdng
nhat Cudc thang lgi cua
chiing
ta rat
dugc bao dam"
3
.
TAP
CHI UCH SO
OANG
- SO 5/2011
59
NHAN
VAT - SI/
KIEN
Dieu
co
tinh
chat quyet
dinh
la Dang va
\
r
Chu
tich
Ho Chi
Minh
da ha quyet tam
chien
luge mo dau cuoc khang chien toan
r
\
quoc dung luc va xac
dinh
dugc tu dau
nhung
noi dung co ban ve quan diem,
duong
loi khang chien la chien tranh nhan
dan, toan dan, toan dien, lau dai, tu luc
r
r
canh sinh va nhat
dinh
thang lgi.
Chinh
tren
co so quyet tam thuc hien duong loi dung
dan,
sang
tao do ma nhan dan ta da khac
phuc dugc muon van kho khan chong chat
cua
buoi
dau khang chien. De den nam
1950,
nuoc
Viet
Nam Dan chu Cong hoa
da gianh dugc nhimg thang lgi to Ion ve
chinh
tri,
ngoai giao, quan su.
Ve
chinh tri va ngoai giao, sue manh va
uy
tin cua nuoc
Viet
Nam dugc tang cuong
ro
ret. Luc lugng xa hoi chu nghTa tren the
gioi
dugc
ciing
co va tang cuong.
Lien
Xo
da hoan thanh viec
khoi
phuc va phat
trien
kinh
te sau chien tranh va chuan bi thuc
hien
ke hoach 5 nam lan
thii
nhat 1951-
r
1955,
quoc phong vung manh. Hiep
dinh
Xo
- Trung dugc ky ket (2-1950) da tang
them
siic manh cho he thong cac nuoc xa
hoi
chii
nghTa. Cac nuoc xa hoi
chii
nghTa ci
Dong
Au
ciing
gianh dugc nhung thanh tuu
quan trgng trong cong cuoc
kien
thiet.
Cac nuoc xa hoi
chii
nghTa sau khi lap
quan he ngoai giao voi
Viet
Nam da
ling
ho
ve
tinh
than va
vien
trg ve vat chat. Nam
1950,
hang
vien
trg
ciia
Trung Quoc da
dugc chuyen toi
Viet
Nam.
Phong trao
giai
phong dan tgc tiep tuc
r
phat
trien.
mot so nuoc da gianh dugc dgc
lap
dan tgc. Diu tranh bao ve hoa
binh
the
gioi
da trd thanh phong trao quan
chiing
rdng
rai.
Trong
bdi canh thuan lgi do. khdng phai
khdng
cd rit nhieu khd khan. Cu the la de
qudc My tang cudng chay dua vu trang, lap
Khdi
quan su Bic Dai Tay Duong
(NATO),
thang 9-1949, day manh cudc
"chiln
tranh lanh", tiep tay cho cac
nude
de
qudc khac trong cudc
chiln
tranh xam luge
thudc dia va true tiep tham gia cudc chien
tranh
d
Trilu
Tien
(10-1950). Trudc dd.
thang 5-1950, Tdng thdng My H.Truman
da quyet
dinh
vien
trg cho
Phap
trong cudc
chiln
tranh xam luge Ddng Duong,
ling
hd
Chinh
phii
Bao Dai. Thang 12-1950. hai dl
qudc My va
Phap
da cung cac "chinh
phii
qudc gia"
Viet
-
Mien
- Lao ky ban
Hiep
dinh phdng thii chung Dong Duong,
My
cam ket se
vien
trg quan su cho cac chinh
quyen
tay sai de phdng
thii
Ddng Duong.
t
t r
thuc chat la de chdng lai phong trao
giai
phdng
dan tdc
ciia
nhan dan ba nude.
Thang
9-1951, My true tiep ky vdi Bao Dai
"hiep udc tay ddi", ggi la
Hiep
uac hop tdc
kinh
te
Viet
- My, nham chuyen thang mdt
phan
vien
trg My cho
Chinh
phii
Bao Dai
va
true tiep rang budc chinh
phii
nay vao
My.
Thang 12-1951, My lai ky vdi Bao Dai
mdt
ban
Hiep nghi
an
ninh chung.
Sau khi cac Hiep
dinh
vien
trg quan su,
kinh
te, an
ninh
dugc ky kit,
vien
trg
ciia
My
chiem ty le ngay cang cao trong ngan
sach
cua
Phap
d Ddng Duong. Cac phai
I
' r
doan
vien
trg
kinh
te. cd van quan su
ciia
60
TAP
CHI UCH Si}
OANG
- SO 5/2011
NHAN
VAT - Sii
KIEN
My
lan lugt tai
Viet
Nam, doan cd van
quan su My
(MAAG)
dugc thanh lap 6
Viet
Nam.
Dugc My vien trg,
Phap
da keo dai cuoc
chien tranh xam luge Dong Duong, tap
trung
luc lugng phong ngu va binh dinh
vung
tam chiem, nhat la a vung dong bang
Bac Bo; dong thai ma cac cuoc phan cong
voi
hy vgng gianh lai quyen chu dong
chien luge da bi mat d chien trudng Bac
Bo.
Chinh vao
thdi
gian nay, ngay 6-12-
1950, Chinh phu
Phap
cu Dai tudng Ddlat
dd
Tatxinhi
sang
lam Tong chi huy quan
doi
vien chinh, kiem Cao uy
Phap
d Dong
Duong.
Vdi su vien trg cua My, Ddlat va
"chinh
phii
quoc gia" da xay dung duoc
mot
doi quan dong dao, thuc hien rao riet
han chinh
sach
"diing
ngudi
Viet
danh
ngudi
Viet".
Su no luc chien tranh
ciia
Phap
va
"chinh
phii
quoc gia" do My vien trg da
gay cho ta nhieu tdn that nhung chiing cung
khdng
the xoay ngugc
tinh
the tren chien
trudng.
Trudc
tinh
the buc bach dd, dl
qudc My chinh
thiic
quyet dinh thay
Phap
xam
luge
Viet
Nam.
Bat
chap
tat ca mgi muu md va
thii
doan
ac ddc
ciia
be Iii de qudc va tay sai, dudi su
lanh
dao
ciia
Dang va
Chii
tich
Hd Chi
Minh,
cudc khang chien cua dan tdc
Viet
Nam
(cd su doan ket chat che vdi hai dan
tdc Lao va Campuchia) van tren da phat
trien
manh me, cue dien chien tranh d
Ddng
Duong van thay ddi theo
chilu
hudng cd lgi cho cudc khang chien
ciia
ba
nude. Chinh vao thai diem thuan lgi nay,
Dai
hdi dai
bilu
toan qudc lan
thii
II
ciia
Dang da hgp d Chiem Hda (Tuyen Quang)
tir
ngay 11 din ngay 19-2-1951,
quylt
dinh
nhung van dl trgng dai ve phuang
cham, dudng ldi, ve td chirc chung
ciia
ba
nude
Ddng Duong va rieng cho mdi
nude
de
thiic
day cudc khang chien ve mgi mat
quan su, ngoai giao,
kinh
te, van hda -
giao due, xa hdi, ddi sdng
Chii
tich
Hd
Chi
Minh
da nhan manh: "Dai hdi ta la
Dai
hdi khang chien. Nhiem vu chinh
ciia
Dai
hdi ta la day khang chien den thang lgi
hoan toan va xay dung Dang Lao ddng
Viet
Nam"
4
.
Thuc hien dudng ldi Dai hdi II vach ra,
cudc khang chien
ciia
dan tdc ta,
ciing
vdi
r
cudc khang chien
ciia
hai dan tdc Lao -
Campuchia anh em chdng thuc dan
Phap
r
r
xam
luge da di den thang lgi, md ra thai ky
phat trien mdi
ciia
dan tdc ta tren con dudng
hoan thanh
each
mang dan tdc dan
chii
nhan
dan, tien len xay dung
nude
Viet
Nam hoan
toan ddc lap, thdng nhat, dan
chii,
giau
manh theo dinh hudng xa hdi
chii
nghTa,
dudi
anh
sang
cua tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh.
1.
Hd Chi
Minh Todn
tap, CTQG, H,
1995,T.3,tr. 555-557
2,
3. Sdd, T.4, tr. 480, 484
4.
Dang Cdng san
Viet
Nam: Van
kien
Ddng Todn
tap, CTQG, H, 2001, T.l2, tr.2.
TAP
CHI
LICH
SI}
DANG
- SO 5/2011
61