Báo cáo khoa học:Các phương pháp nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ potx

NGON
NGtr
sdii
DQC
SACH
2009
CAC PHlfdNG
PHAP
NGHIEN CU'U NGON NGf
(Tac
gia: GS.TS
Nguyen Thi^n
Gi6p,
Nxb GD, 2009)
LAN
HirONG
LM;
Mpt trong nhthig vin dl then chot
cua Ngon
ngO
hpc dgi cuong lfi vin dl
cfic phuong phfip
n^en
cuu cua Ngdn
ngQ
hpc.
Sy
chilm uu thl cua
mdt
phuong
phfip nfio dd trong mpt thdi kl ljch su

nhit djnh cd thl quylt djnh dudng hudng
phfit
tiien
chung
ciia
Ng&i ngQ
hpc
(chfing
hgn, Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch su,
Phuong
prfifip
mieu
tfi
Ifi nhQng phuong
phfip da cd vai trd nhu thl).
Cfic phuong phfip nghien
cihi
cy
thl cua cfic cong trinh ngdn ngG hpc lfi
khfi da dgng. Chung thay ddi tiiy thupc
vfio
d$c
tfnh
ciia
ddi tupng nghien cim,
myc dfch nghien cuu
vfi
binh dign nghien
cim dupe nhfi ngon ngQ hpc
Ivra

chpn.
Moi
ITnh
vyc cua ngon ngQ
diu
cd thl
cd nhQng phuang phfip
d$c
tiiu chuyen
de nghien cim nd.
Hign nay nhieu phuong phfip nghien
cuu cua Ngon
ngQ
hpc
van chua cd
dupe
mpt hg phuong phfip rd
rang
vfi nhQng
cfin cu
If
tiiuylt day du, nen rit khd cd
the mieu tfi
dupe
mpt cfich
cjn
kg cfic
phuomg phfip khfi
hOu
cua Ngdn ngO

hpc
{Ngdn
ngu
hpc
dgi cuang, Tgp HI,
Vign Hfin lam Khoa hpc Lien
Xd).
Tnsig
tinh hinh nhu thl, vigc cho sinh vien
vfi hpc vien cao hpc ciing nhu cfic nghien
cim sinh lfim quen vdi nhthig
d$c
dilm
cua mpt so phuong phfip nghien cim
ngdn ngQ vfi kT
thu^t
fip dyng
nhOng
phuang phfip iy lfi
hit
sue
quan trpng.
M9t
khfic, trong cfic khofi lugn tdt
nghigp,
lu^in
vfin cao hpc vfi
lu^in
fin
tiin

sT hign nay, cd thl ndi khau ylu
nhat chinh Ifi phuong phfip nghien cuu.
Cd nhilu ngudi vilt
lu^in
vfin,
Iu|n
fin,
trong phin phuang phdp nghien ciru
da
tuyen bd su dyng phuong phfip nfiy
phuang phfip kia, song tren thvrc tl, hp
chira hilu nhthig phuong phfip ay Ifi
nhu thl nfio, hudng chi cdn ndi gl
din
vigc vgn
dyng!
Vfi
ngudi dpc ciing chfing
thiy nhthig phuong phfip mfi cfic tfic
gifi
lu|n
vfin, lugn fin iy tuyen bd su
dyng da dupe fip dyng d cho nfio cfi.
Thgm chf cd khfi nhilu
lu^n
vfin hay
lu4n
fin nghien cuu cfic dl tfii thupc
nhtimg
ITnh vyc khfic nhau ciia ngon

ngQ
hpc mfi
1^
deu neu
fip
dyng phuong
phfip nghien cuu nhu nhau, dd lfi chua
kl nhthig cfii
dupe
neu khong phfii Ifi
phuong phfip mfi chi Ifi tiiu phfip nghien
cuu, ching hgn, Phuang phdp phdn
logi
vd
hi
thong
hod,
ho$c
Phuang phdp
md hlnh
hod,
Chiing toi rit tfin ddng
vdi y kiln mfi GS Nguyen Due Dan
dfi neu vfi dupe tfic gifi cong trinh nfiy
tiich Igi d
ti
123-124:
"M$t
bfing chung
vl tri tiiuc tofin hpc d cfic nhfi ngdn

ngQ hpc cua chung ta hign nay dupe
tiiu gpn
tix)ng
4 phgp tinh sd hpc tiidng
tiiudng. Cong cy Ifim vigc chi cd till
nhung hiu nhu edng trinh nfio cd dfnh
dfing tdi khfio sfit ngdn ngQ trong hogt
Cdc phuong phdp
79
dpng thvrc tl cung
diu
tuyen bd Ifi sQ
dyng phuong phfip thdng kg. Trong
tuygt dgi da sd cfic trudng hpp, thdng
ke
dupe
hilu lfi
ligt
ke vfi cfii gpi lfi xu
If
sd ligu vl thyc chit chi lfi ung dvmg
4 phgp tlnh sd hpc dl tim ti lg phin
tram, cfic gifi tii trung
binh
Chua kl
la
cfic sd ligu dupe thu
th|p va
dien giai
mpt cfich

tiiy
tign
khdng theo mpt phuong
phap khoa hpc nfio cfi.
Kit
CVJC
Ifi sd ligu
khdng giup fch gl nhieu vl ddi tupng
dupe khfio sfit".
Trong sy nghigp
cai each
gifio dye
hign nay, van de phuong phfip lfi
hit
sue
quan trpng. Dung nhu
nh^
thuc
ciia
tfic gifi edng tiinh nfiy da neu; "Chung
ta khong thl bien sinh vien thfinh mpt
kho chira cfic tii thuc mfi phfii
t^o
dilu
kign dl cfic em cung lfi ngudi tham gia
tgo ra tii tiiiic" (ti 10). Vin dl nfiy cfing
cd y nghTa cip bfich trong tiidi gian hign
nay khi mfi Trudng dgi hpc Khoa hpc
xa
hpi vfi Nhan vfin, Dgi hpc Qudc gia

Ha
Npi dang
tiin
hanh
cai each
gifio
dye,
yeu cau gifio vien tfing cudng gifing
dgy phuang phfip cho sinh vien.
Trong chuang trinh dfio
t^o
sau
dgi hpc
ciia
Khoa Ngdn ngG
hpc,
Trudng
dgi hpc Khoa hpc
xa
hpi
va
Nhan vfin,
Dgi hpc Qudc gia
Ha
Npi da cd mpt
hg tiidng 5 chuyen de vl cfic phuang
phfip nghien
ciiu
ngdn ngG hpc mfi cfic
giao trinh vl chimg thl chua cd. Day

la
cong trinh diu tien trinh bfiy mpt
cfich khfi cd dpng vfi cd hg thdng nhGng
phuong phfip nghien
ciiu
chu chdt tiong
ngdn ngG hpc, cho nen
ehfic
chfin lfi nd
het siic can tfiilt vfi sg
dupe
hoan
n^enh
Cd thl ndi day
la
edng trinh cd y
nghTa li
Ii4n va
thvrc tien cao. Nd khdng
chl dgy cho sinh vien, cfic hpc vien cao
hpc vfi nghien ciiru sinh hilu rd rfing
hon bfin chat
va
npi dung cting nhu cfich
fip dyng timg phuong phfip nghien
cihi
vfio cong tiinh rieng cua minh cho tiifch
hpp vdi de tfii sao cho cd higu qufi nhit
mfi nd cdn
^isp

ich cho cfi cfic nhfi nghign
ciru ngdn ngG hpc da cd tham nien trong
nghe. Rd
rang
chuyen lugn
nay
sg gdp
phan nang cao chat lupng
ciia
cfic edng
trinh nghien cuu ngon
ngG
hpc d
nude
ta.
Phuang phfip
dupe
dimg trong
edng trinh nfiy
la
phuang phfip dien
giang theo ldi dien djch. Ddi vdi mdi
phuang phap nghien cim,
tac
gia da
giai thfch cfin kg
va
de hilu
cac
khai

nigm co bfin cd lien quan. Dd
la
neu
djnh nghTa, bfin chat cua phuang phap
nghien cim vfi cfic
thii
phfip
ciia
nd, sau
dd trinh
bay
cy the
each
fip dyng cfic
thii
phap, cd neu thf dy minh hog
chii
yeu bing tieng Vigt
va
cfi nhGng thi dy
bing tieng nude ngofii do cfic nhfi ngdn
ngG hpc the gidi
ap
dyng khi nghien
cim trong cong trinh
ciia
minh. Do vgy,
npi dung
ciia
cfic vin de dupe trinh

bay
khfi gifin dj
va
de tilp thu, nhat
la
ddi
vdi sinh vien.
Hai phuang phfip nghien ciru chinh
cd vai trd quyet djnh khuynh hudng
ngiiien
cim
ciia
Ngdn ngG hpc da
dupe
trinh
bay
tiong cong tiinh
nay la
Phuang
phdp miiu td
\k
Phuang phdp so sdnh.
Ddi vdi Phuang phfip mieu ta, tic gia
tiinh
bay
3 vin de
Idn
lfi:
1)
NhGng tiiii

phap giai thich ben ngoai (bao gom:
thii
phfip
xa
hpi hpc, thu phfip trudng
nghTa, thu phfip phan tich ngG canh,
tiiu phfip phan bd); 2) NhGng tiiii phfip
giai thfch ben trong (gdm: cfic
thii
phfip
phan logi vfi hg thdng hofi,
thii
phfip
phan tfch thfinh td tryc tiep,
thii
phap
phan tfch vj tii - tiiam td, thu phfip phan
tich nghTa td, tiiu phfip phan tich nguyen
80
Ngdn
ngtt sft
11 nam 2009
tii ngQ nghla, thu phfip phfin tfch khdi
tdi da); 3) NhQng tiiu
ph^
16
gfch hpc,
tofin hpc vfi ngdn ngQ hpc tfim If (bao
gdm: thu phfip
16

gfch hpc, thu phfip
thdng kg tofin hpc, thu phfip
v$n
dyng
khfii nigm
t$p
hpp trong
miSu
tfi ng6n
ngQ,
tiiu
phfip
v§n
dyng khfii
ni^m
hfim
trong mieu tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip
v§n
dyng cfic phgp tofin mgnh de trong mieu
tfi ngdn ngQ, thu phfip ngdn ngQ hpc
tfim
If).
Phuong phfip so sfinh
dupe
trinh
bfiy vdi
3
npi dung chfnh img vdi 3 kieu
logi lfi: I) Phuong phfip so sfinh - Ijch
su (vdi cfic npi dung: myc dfch vfi cfic

thu phfip ciia nd, gdm: thu phfip xfic
djnh sy ddng nhit vl ngudn gdc, thu
phfip phyc nguyen hlnh thuc nguyen
so,
thu phfip xfic djnh nien dgi tuygt
ddi vfi tuong ddi, thu phfip phfin tfch
tQ nguyen); 2) Phuong phfip ljch su -
so sfinh trinh bfiy myc dfch vfi
nhChig
thu phfip cua nd, gdm: thu phfip phyc
nguyen ben trong, thu phfip nien
d^
hofi, thu phfip ljch sQ ciu
t^o
tQ, thu
phfip bilu dd phuong ngdn, cfic thu
phfip gifii thich ve
m$t
vfin hofi vfi ljch
su; 3)
Wiuong
phfip ddi chieu tiinh bfiy:
myc dfch vfi cfic
Idlu lo^i
cQa nd, gdm:
Phuomg phfip so sfinh -
Io?ii
hinh (vdi
cfic
nOi

dung: Phuang phfip so sfinh -
lo^i
hinh vdi
lo^
hlnh hpc; Phuomg
phfip so sfinh -
lo^i
hlnh vdi phd
ni^m
ngdn
ngQ;
Phuang phfip so sfinh -
lo^i
hinh vdi
ng&i ngG hpc
khu
vvrc),
Phuong
phfip so sfinh - ddi chilu (phuong phfip
so sfinh - ddi chilu vdi vigc
d^y
- hpc
ngogi ngG, djch
thu^t
vfi bien
so^m
tQ
diin;
Nhthig thu phfip ciia
phirong

phfip
so sfinh - ddi chieu).
.
Cdc
phieang
phdp
ngftien ciru ngon
ngQ
ciia
GS Nguyen Thign Gifip cd
thl
dupe
coi lfi gifio trinh co bfin, phyc
vy
edng
tfic dfio
t^o
ve phuang phfip
nghien cuu ngdn ngQ d bgc
d^i
hpc vfi
d$c
bigt Ifi sau
d^i
hpc.
Tdi xin tran trpng gidi thigu gifio
trinh nfiy cung cfic bgn sinh vien, hpc
vien cao hpc vfi nghien cuu sinh ngfinh
Ng6n
ngQ hpc

cimg ddng dfio bgn dpc!