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DIEN DANE
hat trien
KY NIEM 64 NAM CACH MANG THANG TAM VA QUOC KHANH
2/9
Tuyen ngon
ffoc
lap:
Van kien lich sir
vd
gia
^
CAO VAN THINH
Sau khi gianh doc lap tu
thuc dan Phap va Nhat, ban
Tuyen ngon doc lap da
dugc Chu tich Ho Chi Minh
soan thao va long trong
doc truoc quoc dan dong
bao vao sang 02/9/1945 tai
Quang trudng Ba Dinh, Ha
Noi, khai sinh nuoc Viet
Nam dan chu cong hoa -
Nha nuoc cong nong dau
tien a khu vuc Dong Nam
A.
Day la mot su kien lich
su trong dai, khep lai qua
khu dau thuang gin 100
nam truong no le dual ach
thuc dan phong kien, mora
mot trang su moi, mot ky

nguyen mai - ky nguyen
doc lap, tu do cua dan toe
ta,
dat nuoc ta. Ban Tuyen
ngon doc lap da tra thanh
mot van kien lich su chinh
tri vd gia, ham chua nhieu
gia tri va tra thanh bat ft>
trong hang chuc trieu trai
tim cua ngual Viet Nam yeu
nuae.
Tuyen ngon ffoc
lap
-
mpt van
kien
Ijch
SII vd gia
Mot la, Tuyen ngon
dpc lap da
thang
than tuyen
bd
cham
dot che do
thuc
dan
phong kien
a
nuoc ta,

lap nen che dp dan
chu cong hoa, mo ra mpt ky nguyen dpc lap
tu do cho dan
tpc
Viet Nam.
Noi
ve
thang
lai
vT
dai nay
Tran
Dan
Tien viet "Ban Tuyen ngon dpc lap la hoa
la
qua CLia
bao
nhieu mau
da
do,
bao
nhieu
tinh menh
da hy
sinh cua nhung nguoi
con
anh dung Viet Nam trong nha tu, trong trai
tap trung, tren nhung
hai dao xa
xoi, tren

may chem, tren chien truong.
Ban
Tuyen
ngon dpc lap
la
ket qua bao nhieu hy vpng,
gang
sue va tin
tuong
cua hon hai
muoi
trieu nhan dan Viet Nam".
Hai
la,
Tuyen ngon
dpc lap da
khang
khai
bac bo dut
khoat nhung luan dieu
sai
trai cua bpn thuc dan Phap va tuyen bo
ve
moi quan he voi Phap.
Tuyen ngon
dpc lap da neu len
nhung
van
de c6
tinh chat phap

ly, ly le ro
rang
danh thep. To cao nhung toi
ac da
man,
v6
nhan
dao, su
phan
boi, su hen
nhat
cua
bpn thuc
dap
Phap,
voi
nhilmg chung
cu
minh bach
de phu
quyet
vai trd "bao hp"
cua chung.
Tuyen ngon
dpc lap
con
neu ro
su that
Trtfong Oai
hpc

Hung Vt/ang
de lam can
cu
tuyen
bo ve mdi quan
he
Viet
Nam
-
Phap:
"Su
that tu
mua
thu nam 1940,
nuoc
ta da
thanh thuoc
dja
cija Nhat chii
khong phai
la
thuoc
dja cua
Phap"
va "su
that la dan ta da lay lai nuoc Viet
Nam
ti/tay
Nhat chLf khong phai
tCf

tay Phap".
Boi
vay
Tuyen ngon
dpc lap da
tuyen
bd;
'Thoat
ly han
quan
he vol
thuc
dan
Phap,
xoa bo
het
nhung hiep udc ma Phap
da
ky ve
Viet Nam,
xoa bo tat ca
mpi
dac
quyen cua Phap tren
dat
nuoc Viet Nam".
Ba la, Tuyen ngon
dpc lap
da the hien
ro lap truong

sit
da, thai
dp
kien quyet cua
Chinh
phu lam
thai
va cua
nhan dan Viet
Nam
ve
quyen
tu
do dpc
lap.
Truoc nhijng am muu xam lupc cua cac
luc luong phan dpng, thuc dan,
de
qudc,
dac biet
la
am muu xam lupc cua thuc dan
Phap,
Tuyen ngon
dpc
lap vang len
nhu led
the quyet chien: 'Toan
dan
Viet Nam tren

dual mpt long kien quyet chdng lai am muu
cua bpn thuc dan Phap", mat khac
tin
tuong
"cac nuoc ddng minh da cong nhan nhung
nguyen
tac dan tpc
binh dang
d cac Hpi
nghi Teherang
va Cuu Kim Son,
quyet
khong the khong cong nhan quyen dpc lap
cua dan Viet Nam".
Tuyen ngon
dpc lap cdn
tuyen bd
vol
the gioi
ve
quyen huong
tu do dpc
lap
va
tinh than giiJ
vOmg
quyen tu do ddc lap ciia
dan
tpc
Viet

Nam:
"Nude Viet
Nam co
quyen hudng tu
do
va dpc
lap,
va
su
that
da
trd thanh nude tu
do,
ddc lap. Toan the dan
tdc Viet Nam quyet dem
tat
ca tinh than va
luc luong, tinh mang va cua cai de
giu
vung
quyen tu do dpc
lap ay".
Tuyen ngon
doc lap
-
klet
tac
chinh luan
co
moit khbng

hai
trong
Ijch
sir vin hoc
Viet
Nam
Thu
nhai,
Tuyen ngdn
ddc lap la
van
ban chinh luan
mau muc cd ket
cau chat
che,
chien lupc trinh bay van de ro rang,
Idi
van
vua
gian
di
trong sang vira hung
hon
cam
xuc, the
hien
d
di'nh
cao
nghe thuat

ngdn
tu.
d phan
dau van ban
Tuyen ngdn
dpc
lap,
Ngudi
da dua ra
luan diem
co
ban
ve
6 - Tapchi HanghaiVietNam •
9/2009
U!l JSIaWSIphat trien
quyen tu do
ddc
lap cd tinh nguyen
ly vdi
tinh
muc
dich
cao.
Ngudi trich
din
tnjc
tiep ban Tuyen ngdn doc lap cua nude My
nam 1776:
Tat ca

moi ngudi sinh
ra deu
cd quyen binh dang.
Tao hda cho hp
nhijng quyen khdng
ai cd the
xam pham
duoc; trong nhung quyen
ay cd
quyen
duoc sdng, quyen
tu do va
quyen
muu
cau hanh phiic".
Day
la
Idi
bat hii ve
quyen
con
ngudi,
dua
vao dd
Chii tich
Hd Chi
Minh
suy
rong
ra lam

luan diem chinh:
'Tat ca cac
dan
tdc
tren
the
gidi sinh
ra deu
binh
dang,
dan tpc nao
cung
cd
quyen sdng,
quyen sung sudng va quyen tu
do".
Dd
la
luan diem ciia Ngudi
ve
quyen
tu
do
dpc
lap ciia cac dan tdc tren toan the
gidi.
Sau
dd Ngudi
lai
trich trong ban Tuyen ngdn

nhan quyen
va dan
quyen ciia each
mang Phap: "Ngudi
ta
sinh ra tu do binh
dang ve quyen Ipi va phai ludn ludn dupe
tu
do
va binh dang ve quyen Ipi", nd ddng
quan diem vdi Idi Tuyen ngdn ddc lap ciia
nude My. Viec trich dan true tiep nhu the
cd tac dung nhu mpt
la
chan thep bao
ve
luan diem ciia minh,
vi/a nhu mpt
diem
tua bay luan diem ciia minh len cao, ddng
thdi de chimg minh lam sang td luan diem
ay.
Sau dd
ngudi khang
dinh:
"Dd la
nhung
le
phai khdng
ai

chdi
cai
dupe".
Luan diem ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh
ve quyen tu
do
ddc lap trd thanh mpt chan
ly
ma tat ca mpi
ngudi phai thira nhan.
Hon
nua
luan diem ciia Ngudi
lai
rdng
hon,
mang tinh thdi dai, mang tinh qudc
te,
khdng phai
chi cd dpc lap tu do
ciia
dan
tpc ta ma la ddc lap tu
do ciia
tat ca
cac dan tpc tren the
gidi.
Mat khac, Idi van Tuyen ngdn dpc
lap
that gian

di
trong sang, that hiing
hdn
cam xiic
the
hien
d
dinh
cao
nghe thuat
ngdn
tir.
Gian
dj bdi nd la Idi an
tieng
ndi
cua nhan
dan
diing hang ngay, dupe
Ngudi
dua vao bai van nen ai
nghe,
ai
dpc cung de cam,
de
hieu.
Nhung
tir
ngi/
rat ddi than quen ma dien

ta y
nghTa that
sau xa nhu "le
phai",
'trai
han",
"mpt chiit",
'Ihang
tay",
"ngdc
dau", "quy gdi", "md
cira"
Ve cau, Ngudi diing phdi
hop ca cau
ngan
va
cau dai. Loai
cau nao
cung haip
dan
vi ndi
dung
va
each dien
dat rat mdi
me,
ngudi nghe. ngudi
doc
rat de nhd.
de

thudc.
Ldi van trong Tuyen ngdn
ddc lap rat
muc trong sang. Trong sang bdi tam
hdn
Ngudi viet rat trong sang. Ngudi ludn ludn
nghi
den
quyen
con
ngudi. quyen
dan
tdc.
cu the la
"quyen binh dang", "quyen
sdng",
"quyen sung sudng", "quyen tudo"
la rat ddi thieng lieng ddi voi ngudi dan
nd
le,
nhung
dan tdc b\ ap buc mat tu do.
Ngudi ludn nghi den
cai cao ca nhu "le
phai".
"nhan dao". "chinh nghla". nghi
den
"ddng bao".
"dat
nude", nghi den su doan

ket, hy
sinh
Nhung cai dd phan anh mpt
tam hdn cao thuong trong sang, tinh khiet
cua mot con ngudi da hien dang tat ca ddi
minh
vi ddc
lap,
tu
do,
vi
hanh phuc
con
ngudi,
vi le
sdng,
vi
niem tin. Tam hdn
ay
rue sang nhu mat
trdi,
trong sudt nhu pha
le dupe the hien trong timg
chu,
timg cau.
Tuyen ngdn
ddc lap cd Idi van
hung
hdn
cam

xiic.
Sy
himg
hdn
xuat phat
ti/
su thanh cdng ciia Cach mang thang
Tam
vT
dai.
Nhan dan
ta
dudi su lanh
dao
ciia Dang Cdng
san
quang vinh
da lam
nen chien cdng vao bac nhat trong lich
sir
dan
tdc, lai cd y
nghla qudc
te. y
nghla
thdi dai rat to Idn. Ngudi the hien tinh than
dd trong timg luan diem, luan chung,
cu
the hon trong timg Idi van.
Thu

hai,
Tuyen ngdn dpc lap cd gia tri
ben vung
ve
lich
sir,
nhan
ban va
tham
my
Ve
gia tri
lich
sd,
Tuyen ngdn
dpc lap
la trung
tam sy
kien ciia Cach mang
thang Tam, mdc son lich sir
chdi
ngdi ciia
dan
tpc
Viet
Nam
tren chang dudng
dai
lich sir
dau

tranh chdng ngoai xam, chdng
che
dp
phong
kien,
Nd da td cao
nhung
tdi
ac tay
trdi ciia chii nghla thyc
dan,
phat
xit,
phong kien trong lich
su de ddi
ddi khac
cdt ghi
xuong.
Ghi lai
nhung
thang
Ipi vT dai
ciia
dan tdc
Viet
Nam
danh
bai
chii nghTa phat
xit.

danh
dd
xieng xich thuc
dan,
danh
dd che dd
phong kien
de lap nen che dp dan
chii
cdng hda.
Dua ra
dupe nhung tuyen
bd
lich
sir
"Thoat
ly han
quan
he
thyc
dan
Phap,
xda bo het
nhung hiep
udc ma
Phap da ky ve nude Viet Nam. xda bd
het
mpi
dac
quyen ciia Phap tren

dat
nude
Viet Nam". Tuyen
bd vdi
toan
the
nhan
dan
ta va
nhan
dan the
gidi:
"Nude Viet
Nam da thanh mpt nude ty
do.
ddc lap"
cd
quyen hudng
va
quyen giu vung
ddc lap,
ty
do
ciia minh.
Gia trj
lich
su
ciia
ban
Tuyen ngdn

ddc lap cdn d
tinh phap
ly,
bdi
tat ca cac
nude phai cdng nhan
va
nhat thiet phai cdng nhan quyen
dpc lap,
ty do ciia dan
tpc
Viet Nam cung nhu
su
toan ven lanh thd ciia nude Viet Nam,
bat
ky nude nao,
lye
luong nao,
bat
ky ai
deu
khdng
cd
quyen xam pham
tdi.
Ve
gia tri nhan
ban,
Tuyen ngdn
ddc

lap
neu len
"quyen binh dang", "quyen
duoc sdng", "quyen
ty
do"
va "quyen muu
cau hanh phuc"
cua con
ngudi.
Dd la
chan
ly
nhan
ban da
duoc
neu
trong
hai
ban Tuyen ngdn
ddc lap
cua nude My
va
ciia each mang Phap. Rdng
hon,
cao hon
quyen
con
ngudi
la

quyen
ddc lap ty do
cua cac dan tdc, dd la quyen "sinh ra binh
dang",
dan tdc nao cung cd "quyen sdng".
"quyen sung sudng" va "quyen tu
do".
No
phan anh thdng nhat giua quyen dan
tdc
va quyen con ngudi. Mdi con ngudi mudn
cd
ddc lap tu do thi
phai
dau
tranh
cho
dan tdc dupe ty
do
ddc lap. Dd la su menh
thieng lieng ciia mdi con ngudi. ciia tat
ca
cdng ddng dan
tpc cd
muc dich chung
la
ty
do ddc lap. va
mudn giai phdng
con

ngudi
thi
tardc tien phai gianh
ty do dpc
lap cho dan tdc.
Tuyen ngdn
ddc
lap tuyen bd
ket qua
Cach mang thang Tam
vT
dai
la da
chat
dut
"cac
xieng xich thuc
dan gan 100
nam",
da danh dd che dp phong kien
den
tdi
"che dp
quan chii
may
muoi
the ky",
vinh quang ddi ddi la da khai sinh
ra
"che

dp dan chu cdng hda".
Gia
tri
nhan
ban cdn d
thai
dp
kien
quyet. quyet
tam sat da. d
phuong dien
doan
ket
'Iren dudi
mot
Idng"
d
tinh than
tha
hy
sinh
tat ca
"quyet dem
tat ca
tinh
than va luc luong tinh mang va ciia cai
de
giu vung quyen
ty
do.

ddc lap ay".
Ve gia
tri
tham my, Tuyen ngdn
ddc
lap
la van ban cd gia tri
tham
my cao -
The hien trong mpt van ban chinh luan
rat
hoan chinh ve ndi dung va hinh thuc,
mpt
cau true hoan thien,
Idi
van gian
di
trong
sang,
hung
hdn cam xuc, vua xuc
tich
vya
hap dan cd sue
thuyet phuc ngudi
dpc ngudi nghe.
Cai quy hon la Tuyen ngdn dpc lap da
tao
ra
nhung rung dpng tham

my. Dd la
niem xuc ddng thieng lieng ve quyen
con
ngudi,
quyen
dan tdc. Cam xuc ve ndi
dau
cua
cudc
ddi nd le, cua dan tdc bi
mat nude, niem
ty
hao
khi dan tdc
dupe
giai phdng, lam nen nhung chien cdng vT
dai trong lich sir, cung nhu
y
thuc ve trach
nhiem,
nghTa
vu vinh quang ciia mdi cdng
dan
ve van
menh ciia
dan tdc; la
nhan
thdc
ve le
phai,

ve dao ly va sy
nghiep
anh himg ciia toan
the dan tdc ta
trudc
nhung thdi
co,
thir thach trong thdi
dai
mdi.
Tuyen ngdn
ddc
lap mai mai
la
thdng
diep tham my, day len trong mdi chung
ta
nhung hinh anh
cao
dep
ve dat
nude,
ve
con ngudi,
ve dan tdc
Viet
Nam. Tac
ddng tham
my ay se la
manh

me va lau
dai
den
nhieu
the he
nhung ngucJi
yeu
nude Viet Nam.
Nhu vay, Tuyen ngdn
ddc lap la mot
kiet tac ve chinh
luan,
chiem mdt dinh cao
ciia
nen van hpc
Viet Nam;
cd
site sdng
manh
Net
trong thdi
dai Hd Chi
Minh
va
mai
mai bat tu
trong
hch su
vinh quang
cua dan tdc ta

d>
TnpchI HanghaiVietNam
•
9/2009
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