EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL 2005: The Interaction between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Law doc

EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL 2005:
The Interaction between Competition Law and Intellectual Property Law
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page i
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page ii
EUROPEAN COMPETITION LAW ANNUAL:
2005
The Interaction between Competition Law and
Intellectual Property Law
Edited by
Claus-Dieter Ehlermann
and
Isabela Atanasiu
OXFORD – PORTLAND OREGON
2007
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page iii
Published in North America (US and Canada) by
Hart Publishing
c/o International Specialized Book Services
920 NE 58th Avenue, Suite 300
Portland, OR 97213-3786
USA
Tel: +1 503 287 3093 or toll-free: (1) 800 944 6190
Fax: +1 503 280 8832
E-mail:
Website: www.isbs.com
© The editors and contributors severally 2007
The editors and contributors have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and
Patents Act 1988, to be identified as the authors of this work.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system,
or transmitted, in any form or by any mean, without the prior permission of Hart Publishing,
or as expressly permitted by law or under the terms agreed with the appropriate reprographic

rights organisation. Enquiries concerning reproduction which may not be covered by the above
should be addressed to Hart Publishing at the address below.
Hart Publishing, 16C Worcester Place, Oxford, OX1 2JW
Telephone: +44 (0)1865 517530 Fax: +44 (0) 1865 510710
E-mail:
Website:
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Data Available
ISBN-13: 978-1-84113-645-5 (hardback)
ISBN-10: 1-84113-645-X (hardback)
Typeset by Hope Services, Abingdon
Printed and bound in Great Britain by
Biddles, King’s Lynn, Norfolk
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page iv
PERMANENT SPONSORS OF THE
ANNUAL EUI COMPETITION
WORKSHOPS
Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP
Contact: Calvin S. Goldman, QC
Commerce Court West
199 Bay Street
Toronto, Ontario
Canada
M5L 1A9
Tel: 416 863 22 80
Fax: 416 863 26 53
E-mail:
Cleary Gottlieb
Contact: Mario Siragusa
Rome Office

Piazza di Spagna 15
I-00187 Rome
Tel: (06) 695 221
Fax: (06) 692 00 665
E-mail:
Hengeler Müller
Contact: Jochen Burrichter
Benrater Strasse 18-20
40213 Düsseldorf
Germany
Fax: 00 49 211 83 04 222
E-mail:
Howrey Simon Arnold & White LLP
Contact: James F. Rill, Esq.
1299 Pennsylvania Ave., NW
Washington, DC 20004
Tel: (001 202) 383 65 62
E-mail:
Fax: (001 202) 383 66 10
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page v
Martinez Lage & Asociados
Contact: Santiago Martínez Lage
Claudio Coello 37 - 28001 Madrid
Tel (34) 91 426 44 70 –
Fax (34) 91 577 37 74
E-mail:
Skadden
Contact: Barry Hawk
Brussels Office
523 Avenue Louise

B-1050 Brussels
Tel: (32 2) 639 03 00
Fax: (32 2) 639 03 39
E-mail:
White & Case LLP
Contact: Ian S. Forrester, QC
Brussels Office
62, rue de la Loi
B-1040 Brussels
Tel: (32 2) 219 16 20
Fax: (32 2) 219 16 26
E-mail:
WilmerHale
Contact: John Ratliff
Bastion Tower
Place du Champ de Mars/Marsveldplein 5
B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
Tel: (32 2) 285 49 08
Fax: (32 2) 285 49 49
E-mail:
vi Permanent Sponsors of the Annual EUI Competition Workshops
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page vi
10TH ANNUAL EU COMPETITION LAW
AND POLICY WORKSHOP:
THE INTERACTION BETWEEN
COMPETITION LAW AND
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
3–4 June 2005, EUI Florence
Participants
Abbott Alden, Federal Trade Commission, Washington DC, USA.

Allendesalazar Corcho Rafael, Martínez Lage & Asociados, Madrid, Spain.
Amato Giuliano, Minister of Home Affairs of Italy, former President of the
Italian Antitrust Authority and former Professor of Law at the European
University Institute, Florence, Italy.
Anderman Steven, University of Essex, School of Law, Essex, UK.
Bishop Simon, RBB Economics, London, UK.
Burrichter Jochen, Hengeler Müller, Düsseldorf, Germany.
Drexl Josef, Institute for International Law at the University of Munich, and
Director at the Max Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,
Competition and Tax Law, Munich, Germany.
Dreyfuss Rochelle, New York University, School of Law, New York, USA.
Durand Benoît, Chief Economist Team, DG Competition, European
Commission—Brussels, Belgium.
Ehlermann Claus-Dieter, WilmerHale, Brussels, former Professor of Law at
the EUI, and forner Director General of the Legal Service and
Competition Directorate at the European Commission, Brussels.
Fels Allan, Dean of the The Australia and New Zealand School of
Government (ANZSOG), Melbourne, Australia.
Fingleton John, Chief Executive, Office of Fair Trading, London, UK, and
former Chairman of the Irish Competition Authority, Dublin, Ireland.
Forrester Ian, White and Case, Brussels, Belgium.
Fox Eleanor, New York University, School of Law—New York, USA.
Ghidini Gustavo, LUISS University, and Director of the Osservatorio di pro-
prietà intelletuale, concorrenza e communicazioni—Rome, Italy.
Goldman Calvin, Blake, Cassels & Graydon LLP—Toronto, Canada.
Jenny Frédéric, Department of Economics, and Director of International
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page vii
Relations, ESSEC Business School, Paris, France, former Vice-President
of the French Competition Council.
Kjøelbye Lars, Deputy Head of Unit Enforcement Priorities and Decision

Scrutiny, DG Competition, European Commission—Brussels, Belgium.
Komninos Assimakis, White & Case, Brussels, Belgium.
Lowe Philip, Director General, DG Competition, Brussels, Belgium.
Melamed Douglas, WilmerHale, Washington DC, USA.
Mestmäcker Ernst-Joachin, Max Planck Institut für ausländisches und inter-
nationales Privatrecht, Hamburg, Germany.
Newman Penny, Chief of Antitrust, Bertelsmann AG, Brussels, Belgium.
Pate Hewitt, Hunton & Wiliams, Washington DC, former Assistant Attorney
General, US Department of Justice, Washington DC, USA.
Peeperkorn Luc, DG Competition, Policy Development Unit, Technology
Transfer Review, Brussels, Belgium.
Platt Majoras Deborah, Chairman of the Federal Trade Commission,
Washington DC, USA.
Plompen Peter, Plompen Law, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
Rey Patrick, Institut d’économie industrielle, Université des Sciences
Sociales, Toulouse, France.
Rill James, Howrey LLP, Washington DC, USA.
Schweitzer Heike, Max Planck Institut für ausländisches und internationales
Privatrecht, Hamburg, Germany.
Siragusa Mario, Cleary Gottlieb, Rome, Italy.
Ullrich Hanns, Law Department, European University Institute, Florence,
Italy.
Venit James, Skadden, Brussels, Belgium.
Vinje Thomas, Clifford Chance, Brussels, Belgium.
viii List of Participants at the 2005 Workshop
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page viii
CONTENTS
List of Sponsors v
Participants vii
Table of Cases xiii

INTRODUCTION xxvii
SESSION ONE: GENERAL ASPECTS 1
1PANEL I: TO WHAT EXTENT DOES IP REQUIRE/JUSTIFY
ASPECIAL TREATMENT UNDER COMPETITION RULES?3
Discussion 3
PANEL II: A CRITICAL EXAMINATION OF THE TT BLOCK EXEMPTION
REGULATION AND TT GUIDELINES 34
Discussion 34
2 Working Papers 47
I R. Hewitt Pate: Competition and Intellectual Property
in the US: Licensing Freedom and the Limits of Antitrust 49
II Ian S. Forrester QC: Regulating Intellectual Property
Via Competition? Or Regulating Competition Via
Intellectual Property? Competition and Intellectual
Property: Ten Years On, The Debate Still Flourishes 59
III Philip Lowe and Luc Peeperkorn: Intellectual
Property: How Special is its Competition Case? 91
IV Gustavo Ghidini and Emanuela Arezzo:
On the Intersection of IPRs and Competition Law With
Regard to Information Technology Markets 105
V Rochelle Dreyfuss: Unique Works/Unique Challenges
at the Intellectual Property/Competition Law Interface 119
VI Simon Bishop and Dan Gore: From Black and White
to Enlightenment? An Economic View of the Reform of
EC Competition Rules on Technology Transfer 141
VII Lars Kjøelbye and Luc Peeperkorn: The New
Technology Transfer Block Exemption Regulation
and Guidelines 161
VIII Steven Anderman: Technology Transfer and the
IP/Competition Interface 211

(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page ix
SESSION TWO: SELECTED PROBLEM AREAS 237
1PANEL III: PATENT POOLS 239
Discussion 239
PANEL IV: COLLECTING SOCIETIES 254
Discussion 254
2 Working Papers 271
I A. Douglas Melamed and David Lerch: Uncertain
Patents, Antitrust, and Patent Pools 273
II Peter Plompen: The New Technology Transfer
Guidelines (TTG) as Applied to Patent Pools and
Patent Pool Licensing: Some Observations Regarding
the Concept of ‘Essential Technologies’ 295
III Hanns Ullrich: Patent Pools: Approaching a Patent
Law Problem Via Competition Policy 305
IV Allan Fels, AO and Jill Walker: Australian Intellectual
Property Law, Competition and Collecting Societies:
Efficiency, Monopoly, Competition and Regulation 329
V Ernst-Joachim Mestmäcker: Collecting Societies 343
VI Frédéric Jenny: EC Competition Law Enforcement and
Collecting Societies for Music Rights: What Are We
Aiming For? 361
VII Rafael Allendesalazar and Roberto Vallina:
Collecting Societies: The Usual Suspects 371
VIII Thomas Vinje and Ossi Niiranen: The Application
of Competition Law to Collecting Societies in a
Borderless Digital Environment 399
SESSION THREE: SELECTED PROBLEM AREAS
(CONTINUED) 419
1PANEL V: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND MERGER CONTROL 421

Discussion 421
PANEL VI: ABUSE OF DOMINANCE IN LICENSING AND REFUSAL TO
LICENSE 439
Discussion 439
2 Working Papers 461
I Deborah Platt Majoras: The Role of Intellectual
Property in Merger Review: Recent Cases from the
US Antitrust Enforcement Agencies 463
II Benoît Durand: Intellectual Property and Merger
Control: Review of the Recent Experience under the
European Merger Regulation 475
x Contents
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page x
Contents xi
III James F. Rill and Penny G. Newman: Reflections
on Enforcement Actions and Statements Concerning
Intellectual Property Elements of Merger Review 497
IV Jochen Burrichter and Dr Boris Kasten: Intellectual
Property and Merger Control (Germany/EU) 517
V Patrick Rey: Intellectual Property and Merger Control 565
VI Calvin S. Goldman and Jason Gudofsky:
Canada’s Competition Act, Unilateral Conduct and
The Licensing of IP Rights: Balancing on a Tight Rope 577
VII James S. Venit: Article 82 EC: Exceptional
Circumstances: The IP/Antitrust Interface After
IMS Health 609
VIII Eleanor M. Fox: Monopolization, Abuse of
Dominance, and Refusal to License Intellectual
Property to Competitors—Do Antitrust Duties Help
or Hurt Competition and Innovation? How Do

We Know? 633
IX Josef Drexl: Abuse of Dominance in Licensing and
Refusal to License: A ‘More Economic Approach’ to
Competition by Imitation and to Competition by
Substitution 647
BIBLIOGRAPHY 665
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xi
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xii
TABLE OF CASES
Case Law of the EC Courts:
Airtours v. Commission Case T-342/99 [2002] ECR II-2585 196
Anic Partecipazioni Case C-49/92 [1999] I-4125 173
Babyliss SA v. Commission (‘Seb/Moulinex’), Case T-114/02, [2003]
ECR II-1279 540
Bayer v. Süllhöfer, Case 65/86, [1988] ECR 5249 200
Bayerische Motorenwerke Case C-70/93 [1995] ECR I-3439 187
BEMIM v. Commission Case, T-114/92, [1995] ECR II-147 lii
Benzine en Petroleum Handelsmaatschappij BV and Others v.
Commission, Case 77/77, [1978] ECR 1513 613
British Leyland, Case 226/84, [1986] ECR 3263 376, 382–3
BRT v. Sabam and Fonior (BRT II), Case 127/73, [1974]
ECR 313 256, 343, 345, 355, 357, 365,
372–3, 386–7, 389–91, 396, 403, 404, 406
Centrafarm v. Sterling Drug, Case 15/74, [1974] ECR 1147 609
Centrafarm v. Winthrop, Case 16/74, [1974] ECR 1183 609
Centre belge d’études du marché – Télémarketing (CBEM) SA. v.
Compagnie luxembourgeoise de télédiffusion SA and Information
publicité Benelux SA, Case 311/84, [1985] ECR 3261 611, 613–14, 620
Coditel v. Ciné Vog Films (Coditel II), Case 262/81, [1982]
ECR 3381 346

Coditel v. Ciné Vog Films (Coditel I), Case 62/79, [1980]
ECR 881 l, 228, 346
Commercial Solvents and Others v. Commission, Joined Cases 6/73
and 7/73, [1974] ECR 223 24, 75, 447, 611–4, 620
Compagnie maritime belge, Joined Cases C-395 and 396/96 P,
[2000] ECR I-1365 372
Consorzio Italiano della Componentistica di Ricambio per Autoveicoli
and Maxicar v. Régie Nationale des Usines Renault SA, Case 53/87,
[1988] ECR 6039 24, 76
Consten and Grundig v. Commission, Joined Cases 56/64 and 58/64,
[1966] ECR 299 xxii, xxvi, 211, 231, 321, 341
Delimitis v. Henninger Bräu, Case 234/89, [1991] ECR I-935 187, 194
Deutsche Grammophon v. Metro, Case 78/70, [1971]
ECR 487 xxii, 343, 354, 609, 617
Duales System Deutschland v. Commission (DSD),
Case T-151/01 R, [2001] ECR II-3295 xviii, lii
EMI Records v. CBS-Schallplatten, Case 96/75, [1976] ECR 811 xxii
Erauw-Jacquéry v. La Hesbignonne, Case 27/87, [1988] ECR 90 xxxvii, 228
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xiii
Europemballage Corporation and Continental Can Company Inc. v.
Commission, Case 6-72 ECR [1973] 215 428
François Lucazeau and Others v. SACEM and Others (SACEM II),
Joined Cases 110/88, 241/88 and 242/88, [1989]
ECR 2811 lii, 257–60, 262, 269, 359, 367, 374–82, 407, 649
G. Basset v. SACEM, Case 402/85, [1987] ECR 1747 lii, 259, 374, 381
GEMA v. Commission Case 125/78 [1979] ECR 31 258
Gencor v. Commission, Case T-102/96, [1999] ECR II-753 557–8
General Motors, Case 26/75, [1975] ECR 1367 376, 382–3
Gøttrup-Klim Grovvareforeninger v. Dansk Landbrugs
Grovvareselskab, Case C-250/92, [1994] ECR I-5641 xix, 200

Greenwich-Film v. SACEM, Case 22/79, [1979] ECR 3275 343
GVL v. Commission, Case 7/82, [1983] ECR 483 343, 345
Hilti v. Commission, Case C-53/92 P, [1994] ECR I-667 lii
Hilti v. Commission, Case T-30/89, [1991] ECR II-1439. lii, lvi, lix
Hoffmann La Roche v. Centrafarm, Case 102/77, [1978] ECR 1139 li
Hoffmann La Roche v. Commission, Case 85/76, [1979] ECR 461 lix
Hugin Kassaregister AB and Hugin Cash Registers Ltd v.
Commission, Case 22/78, [1979] ECR 1869 618
IHT Internationale Heiztechnik v. Ideal Standard, Case 9/93,
[1994] I-2789 xxii
IMS Health GmbH & Co. OHG v. NDC Health GmbH & Co. KG,
Case C-418/01, [2004] ECR I-5039 li, liii, 4, 53, 54, 59, 70,
79, 80–5, 100, 109–11, 115, 132, 440, 580,
609–31, 635–6, 639–40, 644, 648, 649–64
IMS Health Inc. v. Commission, Case T-184/01 R, [2001]
ECR II -3193 4, 6–7, 23, 24, 27, 79, 30–1,
440–7, 450–2, 456, 459–60, 622-3
Istituto Chemioterapico Italiano and Commercial Solvents v.
Commission, Joined Cases 6 and 7/73, [1974] ECR 223 24, 447, 612
ITP v. Commission, Case T-76/89, [1991] ECR II- 575 619
Javico International v. Yves Saint Laurent, Case C-306/96,
[1998] ECR I-1983 xxii
John Deere v. Commission, Case C-7/95 P, [1998] ECR I-3111,
3164 358
KPN Telecom BV v. Onafhankelijke Post en Telecommunicatie Autoriteit
(OPTA), Case C-109/03, [2004] ECR I-11273 80
Libertel, Case C-104/01 [2003] ECR I-3793 652
Loendersloet v. Ballantine, Case C-349/95, [1997] ECR I-6227 lii
Luttikhuis v. Coberco, Case C-399/93, [1995] ECR I-4515 200
Mage Instrument Inc. v. HABM [2004] ECR I-9165 652

Merck v. Stephar, Case 187/80, [1981] ECR 2063 609
Metro-SB-Großmärkte v. Commission, Case 26/76, [1977] ECR 1875 xxii
Michelin v. Commission, Case 322/81, [1983] ECR 3461 372
xiv Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xiv
Micro Leader Business v. Commission, Case T-198/98, [1999]
ECR II-3989 lii
Microsoft Corp. v. Commission, Case T-201/04, ECR II-4463 liii, 595
Ministère Public v. Tournier, Case 395/87, [1989]
ECR 2521 xx, lii, 259, 262, 347, 356,
358–9, 366, 371, 373–82, 385, 388
Musik-Vertrieb Membran v. GEMA, Joined Cases 55 and 57/80,
[1981] ECR 147, 161 343
Nungesser v. Commission, Case 258/78, [1982]
ECR 2015 xxii, xxvi, xxx, xxxi, xxxvii, xli, 193
O2 (Germany) v. Commission, Case T-328/03, judgment of 2 May 2006,
not yet reported xxix
Oscar Bronner GmbH & Co. KG v. Mediaprint Zeitungs- und
Zeitschriftenverlag GmbH & Co. KG and Others, Case C-7/97,
[1998] ECR I-7791 34, 73–5, 85–6, 113, 303,
442–3, 611, 613–5, 620–1, 625, 627, 640–1
Phil Collins and Others v. IMAT, C-326/92, [1993] ECR 5171 346
Philips v. Remington, Case C-299/99, [2002] ECR I-5475 lvii
Procter and Gamble v. OHIM, Case T-119/2000, [2001] ECR II-2735 lvii
Procter and Gamble v. OHIM, Cases C-468/01 P to C-472/01 P,
[2004] I-5141 lvii
Pronuptia de Paris v. Pronuptia de Paris Irmgard Schillgallis,
Case 161/84, [1986] ECR 353 xxii, 200, 228
Radio Telefis Eirann v. Commission (Magill), Joined Cases
C-241 and 242/91, [1995] ECR I-743 xvi, liii, lv, 6, 7, 9, 15, 17–18,

23–5, 27, 30–1, 45, 59, 70, 76-9, 81–4, 100, 109,
132, 135, 440–5, 448–9, 451–2, 456, 460, 609–11,
614–6, 619–31, 633–4, 636, 639–42, 644, 649, 654, 657
Radio Telefis Eireann v. Commission, Case T-69/89, [1991]
ECR II-485 76–7, 619
SENA, Case C-245/00, [2003] ECR I-1251 383
Sirena v. Novimpex, Case 40/70, [1971] ECR 69 xxii
Synetairismos Farmakopoion Aitolias & Akarnanias (SYFIAT)
and Others v. GlaxoSmithKline AEVE, Case C-53/03, ECR I-4609 75
Terrapin v. Terranova, Case 119/75, [1976] ECR 1039 xxii
Tetra Pak International SA v. Commission (Tetra Pak II),
Case T-83/91, [1994] ECR II-755 lii, lvi, 372
Tetra Pak Rausing v. Commission, Case T-51/89, [1990]
ECR II-309 lii, lvii, 40, 192
Tetra Pak v. Commission, Case C-333/94 P, [1996] ECR I-5951 lii
Tiercé Ladbroke SA v. Commission, Case T-504/93, [1997]
ECR II- 923 liii, 6, 75, 85, 622–3, 630
Tipp-Ex v. Commission Case, C-279/87, [1990] ECR I-261 xxii
Tremblay v. Commission, Case C-91/95 P, [1996] ECR I-5547 lii, 359
Table of Cases xv
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xv
Unilever v. OHIM, Case T-194/2001, [2003] ECR II-383 lvii
United Brands v. Commission, Case 27/76, [1978]
ECR 207 24, 260, 376, 379, 382–3, 611–4
Van den Bergh Foods v. Commission, Case T-65/98, [2003]
II-4653 xxvii
Volvo (UK) Ltd. v. Erik Veng, Case 238/87, [1988]
ECR 6211 lii–liii, 4, 6–7, 24, 75–7, 82, 100, 442, 451,
459, 611, 614, 616–17, 619–22, 627, 649
Windsurfing International v. Commission, Case 193/83,

[1986] ECR 611 xxxvii, 619
Decisions of the European Commission
ABB Lummus/Engelhard/Equistar/Novolen, OJ C 187 [2001] 532
ABG/ Oil companies in the Netherlands, OJ L 117 [1977] 611, 613–15, 627
Agfa-Gevaert/DuPont, OJ L 211 [1998] 531
Agfa-Gevaert/Sterling, OJ C 73 [1999] 529, 531
Airtours/First Choice, OJ L 93 [2000] 555
Akzo Nobel/Hoechst Roussel Vet, OJ C 11 [2000] 561
Alcan/Pechiney (II), OJ C 299 [2003] 561
Allied Signal/Honeywell, OJ L 152 [2001] 561
AOL/Time Warner, OJ L 268 [2001] lix
Astra/Zeneca, OJ C 335 [1999] 556
Astra Zeneca/Novartis, OJ L 100 [2004] 561
AT&T/IBM Global Network, OJ C 287 [1999] 529, 531
Banghalter & Honem Christo/SACEM (‘Daft Punk’), Case
C2/37.219, Commission Decision of 12 August 2002,
web publication of non-confidential version at />comm/competition/antitrust/cases/decisions/37219/fr.pdf 260, 386
373–4, 388, 390–7, 404, 406–7
Bayer/Aventis Crop Science, OJ L 107 [2004] 425, 513
BBI/Boosey & Hawkes (Interim Measures), OJ L 286 [1987] 613
Blokker/Toys ‘R’ Us II, OJ C 363 [1998] 532
Boeing/McDonnell Douglas, OJ L 336 [1997] 513, 531, 538–9, 542
Bombardier/ADtranz, OJ C 63 [2002] 561
Bosch/Allied Signal, OJ L 155 [1996] 530
British Airways/Dan Air, OJ L 68 [1993] 530
BSkyB/Kirch Pay TV, OJ C 110 [2000] 558
Buma, GEMA, PRS, SACEM (Santiago Agreement),
OJ C 200 [2005] 348, 410–12
CGEA/NSC, OJ C 116 [1996] 531
Chiquita, OJ L 95 [1976] 612

Ciba-Geigy/Sandoz, OJ L 201 [1997] 510, 560
xvi Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xvi
Continental/ITT, OJ C 272 [1998] 531
Crown Cork & Seal/CarnaudMetalbox, OJ L 75 [1996] 511, 542
CVC/Lenzing, OJ L 82 [2004] 543
Delta Air Lines/Pan Am, OJ L 289 [1991] 529, 531–2
Deutsche Post AG (OJ L 331 [2001] 372
Dillinger Hüttenwerke/Saarstahl/Cokerie de Carling, OJ C 97 [2004] 530
Dow Chemical/Union Carbide, OJ L 245 [2001] 466, 539, 542
Dow Chemical/Union Carbide, OJ C 345 [1999] 561
DSD, OJ L 166 [2001] xniii, xx, lii
Du Pont/ICI, Case M.984, Non-opposition Decision of 2.10.1997, text
available at />decisions/m984_en.pdf 562
EADS, OJ C 66 [2000] 555
Eurofix – Bauco/Hilti, OJ L 65 [1988] lvi
FAG - Flughafen Frankfurt/Main AG, OJ L 72 [1998] 75
GEMA I OJ L 134 [1971] 260, 355, 365, 386–7, 404–6
GEMA II, OJ L 166 [1972] 260, 355, 365, 386–7, 404–5
GEMA III, OJ L 94 [1981] 386, 404
Generics/Astra Zeneca, Case COMP/37.507, Decision of 15.06.2005,
web publication of non-confidential version at />comm/competition/antitrust/cases/decisions/37507/en.pdf. lvi, 70
Glaxo Wellcome/Smithkline Beecham, OJ C 170 [2000] 512, 514, 561
Glaxo/Wellcome, OJ C 31 [1995] 510, 561
Guinness/Grand Metropolitan, OJ L 288 [1998] 556
Henkel/Nobel, OJ L 96 [1992] 530
Hoechst/Rhône-Poulenc (Aventis), OJ C 254 [1999] 561
Hoffmann-La Roche/Boehringer Mannheim, OJ C 70 [1998] 561
IFPI Simulcasting, OJ L 107 [2002] xlviii, 255, 268, 346,
356, 366, 403, 409

Imperial Tobacco/Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken, OJ C 75 [2002] 562
Unilever/Bestfoods, OJ C 311 [2000] 558, 562
Kimberly-Clark/Scott, OJ L 183 [1996] 540
Kodak/Imation, OJ C 17 [1999] 530
Magill TV Guide/ITP, BBC and RTE, OJ L 78 [1989] 76, 619
Masterfoods/Royal Canin, OJ C 79 [2002] 32, 556
Microsoft Europe, Commission Decision of 24.03.2004, Case
COMP/C-3/37.792, web publication of non-confidential
version at />cases/decisions/37792/en.pdf. liii, 4, 6, 8, 17, 22, 25, 29, 54, 59,
73–5, 81, 83–9, 111, 132, 135, 440–3, 448, 451, 453,
456, 458–9, 595, 616, 621, 629–30, 634–5, 640–2, 644, 652
MMS/DASA/Astrium, OJ C 285 [2003] 561
Moosehead/Whitbread, OJ L 100 [1990] 168
NDC Health/IMS Health (Interim Measures), OJ L 268 [2003] 623
Table of Cases xvii
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xvii
NDC Health/IMS Health (Interim Measures),
OJ L 59 [2002] liii, lv, 79, 110, 623
Nestlé/Ralston Purina, OJ C 179 [2001] 561
New Holland/Case, OJ C 130 [2000] 555
Pelikan/Kyocera, Case No. IV/43.330, in European Commission
(1996): 25th Report on Competition Policy 1995, at p. 140 618
Pernod Ricard/Diageo/Seagram, OJ C 16 [2002] 562
Pfizer/Warner-Lambert, OJ C 210 [2000] 558
Philips/Agilent Health Care Solutions, OJ C 292 [1991] 512–3
Port of Rødby (Denmark), OJ L 55 [1994] 75
Procter & Gamble/Wella, OJ C 148 [2003] 562
Rhodia/Donau Chemie/Albright & Wilson, OJ C 162 [1999] 562
RWE-DEA/Hüls, OJ C 148 [1998] 530
Sea Containers v. Stena Sealink (Interim measures),

OJ L 15 [1994] 75, 113
SEB/Moulinex, OJ C 134 [2005] 562
Shell/BASF (Project Nicole), OJ C 142 [2000] 561
Shell/Montecatini, OJ L 332 [1994] 510, 542
Siemens/Bosch Telecom, OJ C 91 [2000] 531
Siemens/Drägerwerk/JV, OJ C 269 [2003] 561
Solectron/Ericsson Switches, OJ C 73 [2000] 532
Solectron/Nortel, OJ C 130 [2000] 532
Terra/ICI, OJ C 32 [1998] 531
Tetra Laval/Sidel II, OJ C 196 [2001] 561
Tetra Pak I (BTG Licence), OJ L 272 [1988] lvii
Time Warner/EMI, Case No. COMP/M.1852 (Commission decision
of 7 February 2001) text available at />competition/mergers/cases/decisions/m1853-en.pdf 268, 350–1
Unilever/Diversey, OJ C 113 [1996] 531
Vaessen/Morris, 1979 OJ L 19 [1979] 618
Vivendi/Canal+/Seagram, OJ C 311 [2000] 561
Vodafone/Airtouch, OJ C 295 [1999] 558
Voith/Sulzer II, OJ L 11 [1997] 542
Windsurfing International, OJ L 229 [1983] 619
ZOJA/CSC-ICI, OJ L 299 [1972] 612
Zürich/MMI, OJ C 66 [1998] 531
US Case Law
Advo, Inc. v. Philadelphia Newspapers, Inc., 51 F.3d 1191
(3d Cir. 1995) 274
Airweld, Inc. v. Airco, Inc., 742 F.2d 1184, 1189 (9th Cir. 1984) 283
Alcatel USA, Inc. v. DGI Techs., Inc., 166 F.3d 772 (5th Cir. 1999) 125–6
xviii Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xviii
American Securit Co. v. Shatterproof Glass Corp., 154 F. Supp. 890,
894 (D. Del. 1957) 281

American Securit Co. v. Shatterproof Glass Corp., 268 F.2d 769,
771(3d Cir. 1959) 280
Aspen Skiing Co. v. Aspen Highlands Skiing Corp., 472 U.S. 585
(1985) 131, 638, 641
Baker v. Selden, 101 U.S. 99 (1879) 126
Bayer AG v. Housey Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 228 F.Supp. 2d 467
(D. Del. 2002) 128, 137
Bement v. National Harrow Co., 186 U.S. 70, 90 (1902) 52
Bonito Boats, Inc v. Thunder Craft Boats, Inc. 489 US 141 (1989) 6
Brandir Int’l, Inc. v. Cascade Pacific Lumber Co., 834 F.2d 1142
(2d Cir. 1987) 126
Brenner v Manson 383 U.S. 519 (1966) 121
Broadcast Music Inc. v. Columbia Broadcasting System, 441 US 1,
10 (1979) 257, 344, 349–50, 358
Buffalo Broad. Co. v. American Soc’y of Composers, Authors &
Publishers, 744 F.2d 917, 925 (2d Cir. 1984) 287, 344
Carpet Seaming Tape Licensing Corp. v. Best Seam Inc., 616
F.2d 1133, 1142-1143 (9th Cir. 1980) 281
Columbia Broadcasting System v. BMI and ASCAP, 441 US 1,
S Ct 1551 (1979) 371
Computer Assocs. Int’l, Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 982 F.2d 693 (2d Cir.1992) 126
Continental Paper Bag Co. v. Eastern Paper Bag Co., 210 US 405,
426 (1908) 130
Continental T.V. v. GTE Sylvania Inc., 433 US36, 50 n.16 (1977) 282
CSU, L.L.C. v. Xerox Corp. (In re Independent Service
Organizations Antitrust Litigation), 203 F.3d 1322
(Fed. Cir. 2000) 52, 70, 125, 130, 273
Cutter Laboratories v. Lyophile-Cryochem Corp., 179 F.2d 80
(9th Cir. 1949) 281
Data Gen. Corp. v. Grumman Sys. Support Corp., 36 F.3d 1147

(1st Cir., 1994) 74, 617
Dawson Chemical Co. v. Rohm and Haas Co., 448 U.S. 176, 215
(1980) 131
Dell Computer, 121 FTC 616 (1996) 131, 277, 300
Diamond v. Diehr, 450 U.S. 175 (1981) 121, 124
Duplan Corp. v. Deering Milliken, Inc., 444 F. Supp. 648, 673
(D.S.C. 1977), aff’d in part, rev’d in part, 594 F.2d 979
(4th Cir. 1979) (per curiam) 280–1
E.I. DuPont de Nemours & Co., 96 F.T.C. 653 (1980) 131
Eastman Kodak Co. v. Image Technical Services, Inc., 504
U.S. 451 (1992) 644
Eldred v. Ashcroft, 523 US 186 (2003) 350
Table of Cases xix
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xix
Eli Lilly and Co. v. Apotex Inc., 2004 FC 1445 (currently under
appeal) 597
Embrex, Inc. v. Service Engineering Corp., 216 F.3d 1343 (Fed.
Cir. 2000) 123
Engel Indus., Inc. v. Lockformer Co., 96 F.3d 1398, 1408 (Fed.
Cir. 1996) 283
Federal Trade Commission v. Arch Coal, Inc., 329 F. Supp 2d 109
(D.D.C. 2004), appeal dismissed per curiam, 2044 WL 2066879
(D.C. Sept. 15, 2004) 424, 506
Feist Publications, Inc. v. Rural Telephone Service Co 499 U.S. 340
(1991) 125
Festo Corp. v. Shoketsu Kinzoku Kogyo Kabushiki Co., 535 US722,
726-727 (2002) 275
Funk Bros. Seed Co. v. Kalo Inoculant Co., 333 U.S. 127, 131
(1948) 121, 228
Gentry Gallery, Inc. v. Berkline Corp., 134 F.3d 1473 (Fed.

Cir.1998) 126
Gordon v. Microsoft Corp., 2004-1 CCH Trade Cas., para. 74,273
(Minn. D. Ct. 2003) 643
Grappone, Inc. v. Subaru of New England, 858 F.2d 792, 795 (1st
Cir. 1988) 284
Hartford-Empire Co. v. United States, 323 U.S. 386, 432 (1945) 52
Hirsh v. Martindale-Hubbell, Inc., 674 F.2d 1343, 1347-1349 (9th
Cir. 1982) 290
Image Tech. Servs., Inc., v. Eastman Kodak Co., 125 F.3d 1195, 1219
(9th Cir. 1997), cert. denied, 523 U.S. 1094 (1998) 52, 87,
125, 450, 637, 641
In re Cardizem CD Antitrust Litig., 332 F.3d 896 (6th Cir. 2003) 276
In re Ciba-Geigy Ltd., No. 961-0055, 1996 F.T.C. LEXIS 701
(Dec. 15, 1996) 466
In re Dell Computer Corp., 121 F.T.C. 616 (1996) 131, 277, 300
In re Indep. Serv. Orgs. Antitrust Litig., 203 F.3d 1322, 1325-28
(Fed. Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 531 U.S. 1143 (2001) 74, 633
In the Matter of Amgen Inc. & Immunex Corp., FTC Docket
No. C-4056 (Sept. 6, 2002) 502
In the Matter of Aspen Tech., Inc., FTC Docket No. 9310
(Aug. 7, 2003) 472, 503
In the Matter of Baxter Int’l Inc., & Wyeth, FTC Docket
No. C-4068 (Feb. 7, 2003) 503
In the Matter of Cephalon, Inc., & CIMA Labs, Inc., FTC File
No. 041-00025 (Aug. 9, 2004) 473, 503
In the Matter of Certain Recordable Compact Discs and Rewritable
Compact Discs, Inv. No. 337-TA-474, US International Trade
Commission (Mar. 11, 2004) 288
xx Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xx

In the Matter of Certain Recordable Compact Discs and Rewritable
Compact Discs (Inv. No. 337-TA-474), April 8, 2004 325
In the Matter of CIBA-Geigy Ltd., CIBA-Geigy Corp., Chiron Corp.,
Sandoz Ltd., Sandoz Corp., & Novartis AG, FTC Docket
No. C-3725 (Mar. 24, 1997) 466–7, 472, 473, 500
In the Matter of Dell Computer Corp., 121 F.T.C. 616 (1996)
(issued patents) 131, 277, 300
In the Matter of Hoechst AG & Rhône-Poulenc S.A., to be renamed
Aventis S.A., FTC Docket No. C-3919 (January 18, 2000),
available at 501
In the Matter of Intel Corp., Docket No. 9288. June 8, 1998 619
In the Matter of Itron, Inc., & Schlumberger Elec., Inc., FTC Docket
No. C-4114 (Aug. 10, 2004), available at
504
In the Matter of Rambus Inc., FTC Docket No. 9302 (pending
and future patent applications) xxiv, 131, 277
In the Matter of Sanofi-Synthelabo & Aventis, FTC Docket
No. C-4112 (Sept. 24, 2004), available at />caselist/0410031/0410031.htm 503
In the Matter of Summit Tech., Inc., and VISX, Inc., FTC Docket
No. 9286 (Mar. 24, 1998 Complaint) (available at />os/1998/03/summit.cmp.htm) 287
Independent Ink, Inc. v. Illinois Tool Works, Inc., 396 F.3d 1342,
1351-52 (Fed. Cir. 2005), cert. granted, 125 S. Ct. 2937
(June 20, 2005) 57, 136, 288, 465
Independent Service Organizations Antitrust Litigation (CSU v.
Xerox), 203 F.3d 1322 (Fed. Cir. 2000), cert. denied, 531
U.S. 1143 (2001) 633, 637
Independent Tool Works v. Independent Ink Inc., 126 S.C. 128
(2006) 464
Intergraph Corp. v. Intel Corp., 195 F.3d 1346 (Fed. Cir. 1999) 633, 644
International Salt Co. v. U.S., 332 U.S. 392 (1947) 57

Jefferson Parish Hospital Dist. No. 2 v. Hyde, 466 U.S. 2, 16
(1984) 57, 282–3, 285, 291–3
Johns Hopkins v. CellPro, 978 F.Supp. 184 (D.Del. 1997) 123
Loew’s, 371 USat 49 280, 288, 291
Madey v. Duke Univ., 307 F.3d 1343 (Fed. Cir. 2000) 123
Massachusetts v. Microsoft Corp., 373 F.3d 1199 (D.C. Cir.
2004) 639
Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Cinram Int’l, Inc., 299 F. Supp.
2d 370, 379 (D. Del. 2004) 287
Merck v. Integra Lifesciences I, Ltd. U.S. 74 U.S.P.Q. 2d 1901
(June 13, 2005) 123
Mercoid Corp. v. Mid-Continent Investment Co., 320 U.S. 661 52
Table of Cases xxi
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xxi
Microsoft Corp. v. Jesse’s Computers & Repair, Inc., 211 F.R.D.
681 (M.D. Fla. 2002) 125, 128
Miller Instituform of N. Am., Inc., 830 F.2d 606, 609 (6th Cir. 1987),
cert. denied, 484 U.S. 1064 (1988) 52
Morton Salt Co. v. G. S. Suppiger Co., 314 U.S. 488 (U.S., 1942) 610
Motion Picture Patents Co. v. Universal Film Mfg. Co., 243
U.S. 502 (1917) 610
Multistate Legal Studies, Inc. v. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Legal &
Prof’l Publ’ns, Inc., 63 F.3d 1540, 1546-1548 (10th Cir. 1995) 284
O’Reilly v. Morse, 56 U.S. (15 How.) 62 (1853) 121
Office Airline Guides, Inc. v. F.T.C., 630 F.2d 920 (2d Cir. 1980) 131
P&O Princess Cruises plc and Carnival Corporation/P&O Princess
Cruises plc, FTC File No. 021 0041 (Oct. 4, 2002), available at
507
Practice Mgmt. Info. Corp. v. Am. Med. Ass’n, 121 F.3d 516
(9th Cir. 1997) 125–6

Rambus, Inc. v. Infineon Tech. AG., 318 F.3d 1081 (Fed. Cir. 2003) 54, 131
Regents of the Univ. of Calif. v. Eli Lilly & Co., 119 F.3d 1559
(Fed.Cir.1997) 124, 126
Rite-Hite Corp. v. Kelley Co., Inc., 56 F.3d 1538 (Fed.Cir. 1995) 124
Schering-Plough Corp. v. FTC, 402 F.3d 1056 (11th Cir. 2005) 57, 276
SCM Corp. v. Xerox Corp., 645 F.2d 1195, 1204-07 (2d Cir. 1981),
cert. denied, 455 U.S. 1016 (1982) 52, 87
Simpson v. Union Oil Co., 377 U.S. 13, 24 (1964) 52
Sony Electronics, Inc. v. Soundview Technologies, Inc., 157 F. Supp.
2d 180 (D. Conn. 2001) 55, 244
Special Equipment Co. v. Coe, 324 U.S. 370 (1945) 124, 131
Standard Oil Co. v. United States, 283 US163 (1931) 281
Standard Oil v. United States, 337 US293 (1949) 279
Telecomm Technical Servs. v. Siemens Rolm Communications, Inc.,
66 F. Supp. 2d 1306 (N.D. Ga. 1998) 125, 128
Tic-X-Press, Inc. v. Omni Promotions Co., 815 F.2d 1407
(11th Cir. 1987) 284
Town Sound & Custom Tops, Inc. v. Chrysler Motors Corp.,
959 F.2d 468 (3d Cir. 1992) 283–4
United States v. Microsoft Corp., 84 F.Supp.2d 9, 111
(D.D.C. 1999) 98, 126
United States v. 3D Sys., Case No. 1:01CV01237 (D.D.C. 2001) 469, 501
United States v. Aluminium Co. of America (Alcoa), 148 F 2d. 416
(2d Cir. 1945) 274, 629
United States v. ASCAP, 1950-1951 CCH Trade Cases 62, 595 255, 344
United States v. BMI, 1940-1943 CCH Trade Cases 56,096. 255, 344
United States v. Colgate & Co., 250 U.S. 300,307, 39 S.Ct. 465 63
L.Ed.992 (1919) 112
xxii Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xxii

United States v. Compuware Corp. & Viasoft, Inc.,
Case No. 1:99CV02884 (D.D.C. 1999) 500
United States v. Gen. Dynamics, Case No: 1:01CV02200
(D.D.C. 2001) 502
United States v. Gen. Elec. Co. & Instrumentarium, Civil
Action No. 03-1923 (D.D.C. 2004) 503
United States v. Gen. Motors Corp., Civ. No. 93-530 (D. Del., filed
Nov. 16, 1993), reprinted in 6 Trade Reg. Rep. (CCH) 45,093 499
United States v. General Electric, 272 U.S. 476 (1926) xiv
United States v. Western Electric, 673 F Sup. 525 (D.D.C. 1987)
(AT&T II) 30
United States v. Loew’s Inc., 371 US38 (1962) 279, 465
United States v. Marine Bancorporation, Inc., 418 U.S. 602 (1974) 645
United States v. Microsoft Corp., 147 F.3d 935 (D.C. Cir. 1998) 638
United States v. Microsoft Corp., 253 F.3d 34 (D.C. Cir.
2001) 3, 19, 50, 131, 274, 282–3
United States v. Oracle Corporation, 331 F. Supp. 2d 1098
(D.C. N. D. Cal. 2004) 424, 506
United States v. Paramount Pictures, 334 US131, 158 (1948) 279
United States v. Paramount, 66 F. Supp. 323, 349
(S.D.N.Y. 1946) 280, 291
United States v. SunGard Data Sys. Inc. & Comdisco,
Civil No.01-2196 (D.D.C. 2001) 507
United States v. United Shoe Mach. Co., 247 U. 32, 57 (1918) 52
University of Rochester v. G.D. Searle & Co., Inc., 358 F.3d 916
(Fed.Cir. 2004) 126
US Philips Corporation v. International Trade Commission,
Docket No. 04-1361 (Fed. Cir.) 288
USM Corp. v. SPS Technologies 694 F.2d 505 (7th Cir 1982) 128
Valley Drug Co. v. Geneva Pharms, Inc., 344 F.3d 1294 (11th

Cir. 2003) 276
Verizon Comm’ns Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis V. Trinko, 540
U.S. 398, 408 (2004) 52, 56
74, 130, 131, 135, 633–4, 637–8, 642–5
Verizon Communications, Inc. v. Law Offices of Curtis Trinko,
124 S.Ct. 872 (2004) 4
19–20, 74, 111–12, 442, 450, 452, 580
West Pub. Co. v. Mead Data Cent., Inc., 799 F.2d 1219
(8
th
Cir. 1986) 125
Winans v. Denmead, 56 US (15 How.) 330 (1854) 275
Zenith Radio v. Hazeltine Research, Inc., 395 US100, 138 (1969) 283, 610
Table of Cases xxiii
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xxiii
German Case Law
BGH, Decision of 7.7.1992 – KVR 14/91 – Warenzeichenerwerb,
WuW/E BGH 2783 522, 529, 534
BGH, Decision of 13.07.2004, WuW DE-R1329 (English translation
in 36 IIC 741 (2005) – Standard-Spundfass (Standard
Tight-Head Drum) 658–60
BGH, Decision of 13.07.2004, GRUR Int 2005, 152 - Citroën 307
BGH, Decision of 27 April 2006, Cases I Z B 96/05 and I Z B
97/05 – Fußball WM 2006, WM 2006 lvii
FCO, Decision of 27.5.1999 – B5-34301-U-16/99 – Federal Mogul/
Alcan, in Tätigkeitsbericht 1999/2000, p. 125 551
FCO, Decision of 20.9.1999 – B3 – 24511-U-20/99 – Henkel/
Luhns 535–6
FCO, Decision of 3.3.2000 – B7-30020-U-221/99 – Cisco/IBM,
WuW/E DE-V 227 523–4

FCO, Decision of 27.9.2000 – B6-88/00 – Axel Springer/Top Spezial 550
FCO, Decision of 22.8.2001 – B6-56/01 – SV-C/Weka/Franchise-
Verlag 550
FCO, Decision of 27.9.2001 – B4-69/01 – Degussa Dental,
WuW/E DE-V 493 550
FCO, Decision of 22.5.2003 – B3-24200-U-6/03 – BASF/Bayer
CropScience, WuW/E DE-V 801 551
FCO, Decision of 2.8.2004 – B6-26/04 – National Geographic,
WuW/E DE-V 947 427–8, 436–7, 524, 535
KG, Decision of 15.1.1988 – Kart I/86 – W+i Verlag/Weiss-Druck,
WuW/E OLG 4095 519, 524–5, 534
OLG Düsseldorf, Decision of 16.2.2002 – Kart 25/02 (V) –
E.ON/Ruhrgas II, WuW/E DE-R 1013 550
OLG Düsseldorf, Decision of 23.5.1991 – Kart. 13/89 – Folien
und Beutel, WuW/E OLG 4771 521, 534
OLG Düsseldorf, Decision of 15.6.2005 – VI Kart 24/04 (V) –
National Geographic, WuW/E DE-R 1504 526–9, 535
Canadian Case Law
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. The D&B Companies
of Canada Ltd. CT-94/1, Consolidated Order, s. 3 and s. 4 (August 30,
1995)
45QED-4152004-6360.pdf?windowSize=popup (“Nielsen
Consolidated Order”) 599
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. Chrysler Canada
Ltd., CT-88/4, />xxiv Table of Cases
(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xxiv
45QTS-4192004-6055.pdf?WindowSize=popup
(“Chrysler”) 599, 601–2
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. Xerox Canada Inc.,
CT-89/4, />38KLM-4192004-3647.pdf?windowSize=popup (“Xerox”) 599, 601–2

Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. Bank of Montreal
et al. CT-95/2 (June 20, 1996) />0093a38PPG-3102004-67.pdf?windowSize=popup (“Interac”) 599
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. AGT Directory
Limited et al. CT 9402/19 (“AGT Directory”) 599
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. Warner Music Canada
Ltd., Warner Music Group Inc. and WEA International Inc. CT-97/3, at
/>4642.pdf?windowSize=popup (“Warner Music”) 601–2
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research v. Tele-Direct
(Publications) Inc. and Tele-Direct (Services Inc.) CT-94/3, www.ct-
tc.gc.ca/CMFiles/CT-1994-003_0204a_38LFB-472004-
7743.pdf?windowSize=popup (“Tele-Direct”) 577, 593, 599–600
Canada (Commissioner of Competition) v. Canada Pipe CT-2002-006,
/>2029.pdf?windowSize=popup. “Canada Pipe”) 457, 586, 592–3, 596
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. The NutraSweet
Company CT-89/2, />002_0176a_38IHV-12202004-3351.pdf?windowSize=popup
(“NutraSweet”), supra at p. 81 457, 587, 593–4, 596
Canada (Commissioner of Competition) v. Superior Propane,
[2003] 3 F.C.J. 529 588
Canada (Director of Investigation and Research) v. The D&B Companies
of Canada Ltd., e CT-94/1, />001_0142a_45PGS-4152004-4447.pdf?windowSize=popup
(“Nielsen”). 588–9, 592, 594, 599
Canada (Commissioner of Competition v. Air Canada CT-2001/002
(July 22, 2003), />002_0145a_40QXN-4132004-736.pdf?windowSize=popup,
at paras. 51-55 588
Canada (Director of Investigations & Research) v. Laidlaw Waste
Systems Ltd., CT-91/2 />002_0072_38LSM-41320042121.pdf?windowSize=popup
(“Laidlaw”) 593, 595–7, 600
Rambus v. Infineon Technologies, No. Civ. A.3: 00CV 524, 2001,
WL 913972 (E.D. Va., 9 August 2001) 300
Table of Cases xxv

(A) Ehlermann 06 Prelims 2/3/07 09:38 Page xxv