Một số biểu hiện stress ở vận động viên trong tập luyện thể thao

MOT SO BIEU HIEN STRESS
6 VAN DONG VIEN
TRONG TAP LUYEN THE THAO
TS. Pham Thj Thanh Htrong
Vien Khoa hgc The due The thao.
TOM T A T
)

Bdi bdo de cap den mot khia canh cua ddi sdng lam ly con ngudi trong xd hoi
CO nhieu bien ddng hien nay vd tuong doi mai a Viet Nam. Dd Id stress irong the thao.
Bdi viet ndy lap trung nghien ciru mot sd bieu hien ciia stress trong lap luyen the thao
cua van ddng vien cir tg, vgl tu do, judo, the due dung cu. Stress a vdn dong vien bieu
hien phd bien d cdc trang thdi phdn irng tam ly la: cdng thdng. met mdi, ndng gian. lo
lang. vuive...
Tu" khoa: Stress d vdn ddng vien: Stress trong tdp luyen the thao. Cdng ihdng
d van dong vien
Ngdy nhdn bdi. 6/11/2014; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/4/2017.
ABSTRACT
This article addresses an aspect of human psychological life in today's highly
volatile and relatively new Vietnam It is stress in sports. The article focuses on some
symptoms of stress in training that athletes in weight lifting, Judo, free-style wrestling
and apparatus gymnastics may experience. The most popular stress symptoms observed
in athletes are psychological respon.ses as tension, fatigue, anger, anxiety, joy, etc.
Keywords: Stress in athletes: Stress in sporis practice. Tension in athletes.
1. Dat van de
The thao la loai hinh lao dpng niing, luon doi hoi nhirng dap ung nang
lire toi da va vugt trpi ciia con nguoi. Do do, stress trong the thao co the giup
cho con ngucri tra nen kien cucmg, manh me, hoan thien cac pham chat nang
luc va nang cao kha nang mien dich, thich irng ngay cang tot hon vai hoan
canh. Dong thai cung co the giup con nguoi doi mat vai nhung giai han cua
ban than de biet chap nhan hay no luc vuan len. Vai tro va y nghTa cua stress

trong doi song thuc tien chiing ta da Ihay ro. N h u n g nam g^n day, stress trong
tha thao cung da d u a c ban luan nhiSu. V^n dh dat ra la: lir goc do Tam ly hoc.
sircss irong ihe Ihao bieu hien nhu ihc nao? Nhirng yCu l6 c a ban nao anh

TAPCHiTAMLyHOC, So 5 (218), 5-2017


hudng den stress trong the thao? Can cd bien ph4p gi ed the giiip kiem soat
stress trong thi thao? Cho den nay, nhimg bao eao khoa hgc ca ly luan va thuc
tien ve vin di nay chua ed nhieu chuyen sau d Viet Nam. Tat ca thuc te dd
dang trd nen bu:c thiet, thdi thue cac nha tam ly hpc nghien ciiru nhiing khia
canh ciia stress trong the thao.
Stress d van dpng vi^n dugc bieu hien chu yeu d cae trang thai phan
ling tam ly trong the thao rat da dang va phdc tap. Do dd, de danh gia bieu hien
stress d van ddng vien trong the thao cd the dua tren ca sd cda cac trang thai
phan irng tam ly d van ddng vien. Cae trang thai phan urng tam ly phd biin
trong thi thao d van ddng vien la:
- Cang thing: la biiu hien stress phan anh cae mu:e dap irng nang lugng
va nang lire tit binh thudng din tdi da, tham chi tdi kiet siic di giai quyit cae
nhiem vu va nhirng yeu td anh hudng tit khach quan va chii quan cua chii the.
- Met mdi: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam ly chu quan vi sir giam siit
tam thdi nhirng dap irng nang lire thi thao trade nhirng yiu td anh hudng chii
quan va khach quan.
- Ndng gian: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang khdng hai Idng va
thai dp, hanh vi khdng tich cue ddi vdi cac yiu td anh hucmg.
- Trang thai lo au: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang chii quan do
khdng kiem soat dugc ban than, hoan canh.
- Vui ve: la bieu hien stress phan anh tam trang tich cue, lac quan, phan
anh su thda man cua chii thi ddi vdi cac yiu td anh hudng.
Bai viet nay trinh bay mot sd biiu hien stress d van ddng vien trong tap

luyen the thao.
2. Phuang phap nghien cu-u

2.1. Phuang phap trdc nghiem (test): Nghien eiiu da su dung trie nghiem
cua Soly-Bensabal. Muc dich ciia trie nghiem di do mirc dd Wiu hien stress.
Trac nghi?m bao gdm 30 cau tuong irng vdi 30 biiu hien trang thai phan irng
lam ly. Mdi cau duac danh gia theo thang 4 mirc do: Rit thudng xuyen, thudng
xuyen, thinh thoang, khdng xuat hien. Cac miic do nay phan anh tin suit biiu
hien eua mo. trang thai phan iing lam ly, Trang thai phan ung tam ly xult hien
cang rat thuong xuyen, cang chirng td mirc io biiu hien stress cang cao,,,
Thang diem danh gia biiu hien stress ciia Soly-Bensabal:
- Mirc 30 diem: cd bieu hien stress:
- Mire 31 - 60 diim: stress cao;
- Muc 61 - 90 diim: stress rit cao.
44

TAP CHi TAM L-f HOC, Sd' 5 (218), 5 - 2017


2.2. Phucmg phap quan sat: Quan sat hien trang v6 nhung sac thai bieu
hien ctia stress tren van dong vien ngay sau khi van dpng vien thuc hien bai tap
gang sire toi da trong tap luyen th^ thao. Ddi tupfng quan sat: nh&ng bieu hien
stress (sac thai khuon mat; m6 hoi; dpng tac hanh vi...) tren van dpng vien mon
cu ta; vat tir do; judo; the due dung cu trong tap luyen the thao.
- Miic dp h\h\x hien stress qua "s^c thai khuon mat" dupe danh gia nhu
sau: Hai img do: stress nhe; Do: stress cao; Do gay, tai, mk s5c: stress rat cao.
- Miic dp bieu hien stress qua "mo hoi": Mo hoi it: stress nhe; Nhieu, dac
biet o tren that lung: stress cao; Rat nhi6u, dac biet a mat va dudi that lung:
stress rat cao.
- Muc dp biiu hien stress qua "dpng tac": Dong tac binh thucrng: stress

nhe; Dpng tac khong chinh xac, lao dao: stress cao; Dpng tac lao dao, roi loan
phoi hpfp: stress rat cao.
2.3. Phuffng phap khdo sdt bdng bdng hoi: Bang hoi dupfc thiet ke de
do cac trang thai: phan chan, vui ve; cang thang; met moi; hoi hop trong luyen
tap the thao ciia cac van dpng vien.
* Bdng hdi trgng thdi cang thdng gom 19 chi tieu; tuong ung vai moi chi
tieu la cac miic dp danh gia: khong co bieu hien {1 diem), 1 - 2 lan/thang {2 diem);
1 - 2 lan/luan (3 diem), < 1 lan/ngay (4 diem). Thang danh gia chung trang thai
cang thang dupe danh gia tren ca sa diem trung binh cong cua 19 chi tieu tren va
phan chia theo 3 mu'c: Mirc 1 - cang thang: tir 19-38 diem; Mirc 2 - ral cang
thang: tir 38 - 57 diem; Miic 3 - cang thang qua mure: lir 57 - 76 diem.
* Bdng hoi trgng thdi met mdi gom 25 chi tieu; luong ii'ng vai rnoi chi tieu
la cac mirc dp ral thuong xuyen (4 diem), thuong xuyen {3 diem), Ihinh thoang (2
diem) va khong (I diem). Thang danh gia chung trang thai met moi duoc dua tren
CO sa diem irung binh cong ciia 25 chi tieu va phan chia iheo 3 mirc: Miic 1 - met
moi: tir 25 - 50 diem; Mirc 2 - ral mel moi: lir 50 - 75 diem; Mirc 3 - met moi qua
mirc: tir 75-100 diem.
* Bdng hoi trgng thdi nong gian gom 8 chi tieu, tuong ung vol moi chi
lieu la cac mii'c dp- nhieu khong nha (20 diem); 3 - 5 lan/ngay {15 diem); 1 - 2
lan/ngay {10 diem), khong {5 diem); Thang danh gia chung trang thai nong
gian dupe dua Iren co so diem trung binh cong cua 8 chi lieu va phan chia theo
3 mirc: Miic 1 - nong gian: lir 40 - 80 diem; Miic 2 - ral nong gian: lir 80 - 120
diem. Muc 3 - nong gian qua miic: lir 120 - 160 diem.
* Bdng hoi trang thai lo lang gom 16 chi lieu, luong ung voi moi chi tieu
la cac mirc dp tuang iing: rat thuong xuyen (4 diem): thuang xuyen (3 diem),
thinh thoang (2 diem); khong (1 di^m). Thang danh gia chung Irang thai lo l^ng
duac dua tren ca so diem Irung binh cong ciia 16 chi lieu va phan chia theo 3
TAPCHI'TAMLVHOC, S6 5(2I8), 5-2017

45

miic: Miic 1 - lo ling: tir 16 - 32 diim; Mirc 2 - rit lo ling: tir 32 - 48 diim; Mirc
3 - lo ling qua miic: tir 48 - 64 diem.
* Bdng hdi trgng thdi vui ve gdm 8 chi tieu, tuong ling vdi mdi chi tiSu
la cac mirc do: khdng cd biiu Men (10 diim); 1 - 2 lin/ngay (15 diim); 3 - 5
lin/ngay (20 diim); nhiiu khdng nhd (25 diim); Thang dSnh gia chung trang
thai vui ve dugc dua trSn ca sd diem trung binh cdng cua 8 chi tieu va phan
chia theo 3 miic dp: Mirc 1 - cd phin chin vui ve: tit 40 - 80 diim; Miic 2 - rit
vui ve: tir 81 - 120 diim; Mirc 3 - vui ve qua miic: tit 121 - 160 diem.
3. Ket qua nghien cihi
3.1. Biiu hien chung ve stress d v&n dpng vien qua khdo sdt bang trie
nghiem stress cua Soly-Bensabal
Bdng 1: Bieu hien chung ve stress a van ddng vien trong tdp luyen the thgo
qua trdc nghiem stress ciia Soly-Bensabal
Van dong
vien
VJt nr do
COrts
Judo

Gidi
tinh

Co* mau
(n = 56)

Bilm
stress

Bo lech
cbuan

Ntt

6

66,82

5,31

Nam

6

65,55

1,16

Nil

8

67,88

11,32

Nam

6

65,62

3,81

Ntt

8

67,79

5,57

Nam

11

68,35

5,75

Th^ due
dung cu

Ntt

4

68,82

6,48

Nam

7

67,38

6,39

Trung binb
chung

Nir

26

67,82

7,17

Nam

30

66,72

4,27

Biem

trung binh

Banb gia

66,18
66,75
68,07

Stress a
miic dp rat
cao

68,10

67,27

Tdng quan chung kit qua d bang 1 eho thiy, diim trung binh stress cua
nu la 67,82, eua nam la 66,72 diem va diim trung binh chung eua van ddng
vien d 4 mdn the thao la 67,27 diim. Day la sd diim njm trong thang danh gia
la stress rdi cao. Dp lech chuin trung binh la 5,72. Diiu nay chirng td dp phan
tan khdng Idn, bieu hi^n va mirc dp stress giOa cac van ddng vien cd su khac
biet khdng dang ki.
_ Dp lech chuan khdtig chi cho phep xac dinh dp phan tan cua mirc dp
bieu hien stress qua diim sd stress gitta eac khach thi, ma cdn phan anh tinh in
46

TAP CHITAM ly HOC, S6'5 (218), 5 - 2017


djnh ciia miic do stress. Do l&h chuin cang nhd (cang tiem can true hoanh) thi

tinh dn dinh cua mite dp stress giUa cac van ddng vien cang Idn. Dp lech chuan
cang Idn (cang tren xa triic hoanh), tinh dn dinh cua mite dp stress giOa eac van
dpng vien cang thip. Miie dp phan tan Idn nhat thudc ve cac van ddng vien
mdn cu ta (nO: 11,32 va nam: 3,81), sau dd den cac van ddng vien mdn vat tu
do (nu: 5,31 va nam: 1,16). Trung binh giiia nam va nil cd dp phan tan khac
bidt kha ro (nO: 7,17 va nam: 4,27). IVlirc dp phan tan d nO va nam van ddng
vien mdn judo la nhu nhau (5,57). O nir va nam van ddng vien mdn the due
dung cu cd su phan tan khac biet khdng dang ke (nO: 6,48 va nam: 6,39).
Tren day la ket qua nghien ciru thuc trang chung ve van de stress d van
ddng vien dang cap cao cac mdn vat tu do, cir ta, judo, thi due dung eu bang
phucmg phap danh gia stress cua Soly-Bensabal. Ket qua nay da xac dinh thuc
trang van ddng vien dang stress rat cao. Dieu nay se tao nen hieu irng stress
trong the thao. Vi vay, neu khdng cd nhirng bien phap giup van ddng vien kiem
soat stress, van ddng vien se rat khd dat hieu qua tdt hon trong cac giai doan
huan luyen va thi dau tiep theo.
3.2. Bieu hien stress trong tap tuyen the thao qua quan sdt
Bdng 2: Bieu hien stress a van ddng vien qua quan sdt
Bieu hien va miic do stress o v a n dong vien
trong trang thai gang sire toi da
Stress nhe
Dau hieu
nhan biet
Sac mat

Hoi irng
do

Phan
tram

(%)

38,57

Do

2i,55

Nhieu, dac
biet 6' tren
tliat lung

28,16

Mo hoi

it

18,57

Nhip
tii6

Biiih
tluiong

0.00

Dong
lac

irmh
thuong

Chu y

Binli
thu'ong

1,75

Khong to
1 a c(S phan
I'rng, thai
do

32.87

Cliiii
guic

Stress rat cao

Stress eao
Dau hieu
nhan biet

ill

Bieu

hien

9,89

Nhanh d;ing
Khong chinh
xac, liio dao
Thuc hien yeu
cau khong
chinh xac
Khong cam
nhan ve cam
giac

TAP CHI TAM li HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017

Dau hieu
nhan biet
Do gay, tai, mat
sac...
Rat nhieu, dac biet
6 mat va dudi that
lung

Phan
tram
{%)
39,88

53,27

10.68

Rat nhanh, hon hen

89,32

32.72

Lao dao, roi loan
phoi hgp

57,39

47,93

Thirc hien yeu cau
(nhiem vu) khong
chinh xac va cham

50,32

58,35

Khong the tap
trung. run, tho hon
hen, chong mat,
buon non v v..

8.78

Trong thuc ti, stress khdng chi dugc chu the cam nhan rfl, ma stress cdn
cd the quan sat mgt each khach quan. Nhihig biiu hi6n stress tren van dong vien
Irong tap luyen thi thao cd thi quan sat qua nSm biSu hien chinh; s5c mjt, mo
hdi, nhip thd, ddng tac, chu y, ctai giac. Mdi biiu hien cd cac dau hi?u nhan biSt
va mirc dg tuong ung. Hiu hit van d^ng vien (89,32%) trong tr?ng thai gSng siic
tdi da diu cd diu hi?u thd nhanh va thd hdn hin d miic stress rat cao. Ltrgng mo
hdi ik nhiiu d toan than, dac biet la a mat va dudi that lung cung chiem tjilf
cac (53,27%) v4 ct mirc stress rat cao. Khi ydu ciu thuc hien dpng tac (cam day
chi vto mOt diim) ngay sau van dgng vien ging siic tdi da, kit qua cho thSy,
thvtc hi^n ddng tac bhih thudng (mii:c stress nhe), chiim 9,89%; th\rc hien dpng
tac khong ciiinh xac (mure stress cao), chiim 32,72%; thuc hi?n ddng tac khong
chinh xac, lao dao (mirc stress rit cao), chiim 57,39%. Tiip theo la chii -j \k
cam giac. Thdng thudng, trong trang th4i ging siic tdi da hojc ngay sau tran|
thai ging siic tii da, hau hit vSn dOng vien khdng chu y, khdng to thai dS yh the
hi|n cim giac vdi bit ky diiu gi, m4 chi thd vk di lai nhe nhing de nhanh trd ve
trang th4i hdi ph\ic. Khi ykxx ciu chii -j (biic tranh phong canh) thi hiu hit v|n
dong vien Id di va khdng quan tam. Nhimg khoing 10 phiit sau hdi phuc, hiu h^
nhiing vgn ddng vifin dugc yen cau, hp trd lai ngim nhin buc tranh.
3.3. Biiu hi$n stress qua trgng thai cang thing & vgn dpng vien
Bang 3: Bieu hifn chung ciia trgng thdi cdng thdng & van dgng vien

V|t «f do
Cit?
Judo
The dye dyng
cy
Diem trung
binb

Gid^ tinb

Man
(n = 5«)

Diem

III

Mdn thi tbao

55,06

Ntt

6

57,75

Nam

6

52,37

Ntt

8

54,22

Nam

6

51,16

Ntt

8

57,13

Nam

11

58,27

Ntt

4

56,63

Nam

7

57,42

Ntt

26

56,43

Nam

30

54,80

9 $ Uch
cbuan

Danh gii

3,21
2,23

52,69

8,12
3,18

57,70

3,67

3,28

57,02

422

Van dpng
vien trong
trang thai
ritcSng
thang

4,83
S5,6I

4,80
3,38

Bang 3 la kit qua nghien ciiu miic dd biiu hien cSng thing tren van
ddng vien cac mdn v4t tir do, cu ta, judo va thi due dvmg cu cho thiy: Sd diim
48

TAP CHITAM LV HOC, S6 5 (218), 5 -

2017


trung binh chung cua cac van dpng vien la 55,61. Theo phucmg phap danh gia
cua nghien cuu nay, day la so diem phan anh cang thang co bieu hien a muc:
rat cdng thdng. Diim trung binh ciia van dong vien mdn vat tu do la 55,06 diem;

van d6ng vi6n mon cur ta la 52,69 diem; van dpng vien mon judo la 57,70 diem;
van dpng vien mon thi due dung cu la 57,02 diem. Diem trung binh cua niJ la
56,43 diem va nam co diem trung binh la 54,80 diem, phdn dnh muc do bieu
hien rat cdng thdng. Dac biet d nam van dpng vien mon judo va the due dung
cu CO muc dp bieu hien cang thang cao hoTi so voi nu nhung sir khac biet nay
khong Ion. Miic dp bieu hien cang thang ciia nu van dpng vien mon vat tu do
cao hon cac nu van dpng vien cac mon cu ta, judo, the due dung cu.
3.4. Biiu hien chung cua met moi & van ddng vien qua khao sdt bang
bang hoi
Bang 4: Bieu hien chung ve met moi d van dgng vien
Mon the tbao
Vai til do
Cita
Judo
The due dung
cu
Biem trung
binh

GiM
tinh

Mau
(n = 56)

Diem

Diem trung binh

Ntt

6

67,75

65,24

Nam

6

62,73

Nu

8

64,82

Nam

6

61,86

Ntt

8

67,73

Nam

II

68,87

Nu

4

66,67

Nam

7

67,82

Ntt

66,74

Nam

65,32

63,34

Ddnb gia

Van dong
vien trong
trang thai rat
met moi

68,3

67,24

66,03

Tir kel qua nghien ciru cr bang 4, ta thay, diem trung binh chung ctia met
moi o van dpng vien la 66,03 diem. Diem trung binh chung ciia nu la 66,74
diem va diem Irung binh chung ciia nam la 65,32 diem. Theo phircmg phap
danh gia ciia chiing loi, diem so met moi cua van dpng vien nam Irong giai han
ciia mirc: rat met mdi. Cu the, diem mel moi trung binh chung ciia nii la 66,74
diem va nam la 65,32 diem. Day la diem so phan anh miic dp bieu hien rat met
moi. Diein so cua nu Idn hon so v(ji diem so cua nam van dpng vien, chirng to,
d nu mirc dp bieu hien met moi han so vdi nam, mac dii sir khac biel khong
dang ke.

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017

49


Mdc do phan tan ciia diim sd giita cac van ddng vien a mdn thi due
dung eu la Idn nhit (4,12); tiip sau dd la van ddng vien mdn judo (3,37). Do
phan tan miic do met mdi d van dong vien mdn cu ta (3,50) va mdn vat tu do
(2,82) thip hon so vdi mdn thi due dung cu va mdn judo. Do phan tan cdn

phan anh tinh on dinh cua mu:c do biiu hien met mdi d van ddng vien.
3.5. Biiu hien stress qua Irang thdi nong gian & van ddng vien
Bang S: Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi ndng gian a vdn ddng vien
Mirc do bieu hien nong gian
Van dong
vien
Vat tu do
Cirta
Judo
Tlie due dung
eu

Diem trung
binh

Mau
(n = 56)

Diem

Ntt

6

75,68

Nam

6

77,35

Nu

8

72,77

Nam

6

73.25

Nu

8

78,62

Nam

II

81,27

Nu

4

73,55

Nam

7

75,66

Gioi tinb

Diem trung
binh
76,51
73.01
79,94
74.60

Na

75,15

Nam

76,88

Mcix

SI.27

79.94

Mm

72,77

73.01

Trung hinh

76,01

'6,1)1

Do lech chuan
12,55
15,36
17,22
13,51
15,66
1 1,78
15,22
17,33
15,16
14,49
17,33
12.55
I4.H2

Bang 5 la ket qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do ciia Irang thai ndng
gian d van dong vien. Diem trung binh chung ciia trang thai ndng gian d nO

van dgng vien la 75,15 diem va cua nam la 76,88 diim. Diim trung binh chung
ciia trang thai ndng gian d van ddng vien la 76,01 diim. Day la sd diim nim d
thang danh gia chua d mirc rat ndng giiin va ndng gian qua mirc.
I rong dd. na van ddng vien cir ta cd so diem ndng gian thip hon so vdi
van dong vien d cae mdn vat tu do. judo, thi due dung cu va nam van ddng vien
cir la cd sd diem ndng gian thap hon so vdi cac van dgng vien khac. Diiu dd co
nghIa la mirc do bieu hien nong gian d nO van ddng vien mdn eir ta va o nam
\m dong \icn mon cir ta la thap hon so vdi cac mdn Ihi thao khac. Nam van

50

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017


ddng vien judo cd sd diim ndng gian cao nhit (81,27 diim), day la sij diem
cham din muc rdt ndng gian. Nam van dong vien mdn judo ciing cd sd diem
ndng gian cao hon so vdi cac van ddng vien khac nhung chi trong gidi han ciia
thang danh gia la cd biiu hien ndng gian, chua ndng gian qua mu:c.
Trung binh chung thi vSn ddng vien mdn judo cd bieu Men va mirc do
cao hon so vdi cac mdn Idiac. Van dgng vien mdn cu ta cd bieu hien va miic do
ndng gian thip hon so vdi cae van ddng vien mdn khac. Bieu hien vii mu:c do
ndng gian giira cac van ddng vien cQng khdng cd su khac biet Idn. Mdc do bieu
hien ndng gian nhin chung trong gidi ban, chua a mirc ndng gian qud mite
3.6. Bieu hien stress qua trgng thdi lo lang & van dpng vitn
Bdng 6: Bieu hien stress qua trang thdi lo du d van ddng vien
Mirc do bieu bien lo lang
Van dong vien

Vat lir do

Cirta

Judo
The due dung
cu
Diem trung
binh

Gioi tinh

Man (n = 56)

Diem trung
binh

Nu

6

47,25

Nam

6

42,33

Ntt

8

44,52

Nam

6

41,66

Ntt

8

47,83

Nam

11

48,37

NO

4

46,57

Nam

7

47,72

Diem trung
binb chung
44,79

Do lech
chuan
13,51
12,53

43,09

13,32
13,48

48,10

13,27
13,38

45,78

14,16
14.23

NO

46.54

Nam

45,02

Max

48,37

48,10

14,23

Mm

41.66

43.09

12,53

Trung birrh

45,78

13.56
13,04

45.78

13,48

Bang 6 la kel qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do cua trang thai lo ling
d van dgng vien. Diem trung binh chung ciia trang thai lo ling d van dgng vien
la 45,78. Diem trung binh ciia nir la 46,54 va cua nam la 45,02 diim. Day la sd
diim irong thang danh gia la van ddng vien cd bieu hien lo idng.

TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017

51


Nhin chung, d van ddng vien cd biiu hien va miic do trang thai lo lang
cao hon cac mdn cii ta, vat tu do va thi due dung cu. Van dgng vien mdn cu t?
ed biiu hien va muc do lo ling thip hon so vdi cic mdn v&t tu do, judo, the
due dung cu. Tuy nhien, biiu hien va miic dp lo ling gitta cac v?n ddng vien
cQng ichdng ed sir khac biet Idn. Mite do biiu hien lo ling nhin chung trong
gidi han chua a mice rdt lo Idng va lo Idng qud miic.
3.7. Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi vui ve & van dpng vien
Bang 7: Biiu hien stress qua trgng thdi vui ve a van dgng vien
Mirc do bieu hien vui ve
Van dong vien

VSt tir do
Cttta
Judo
The due dgng
cu

Diem Irung

binh

Giori
tinb

Mau
(n = 56)

Diem
trung binh

Diem
trung binb
chung

Do lecb
chuan
12,35

Ntt

6

78,22

Nam

6

76,53

Ntt

8

78,67

Nam

6

73,25

Ntt

8

77,32

Nam

11

75,63

NO

4

78,53

Nam

7

77,62

18,47

Ntt

78,18

14,21

Nam

75,75

Max

78.67

Min

73.25

Trung binh

77,37

11,57
75,96

15,53
13,66

76,47

17,33
19,52

78,07
76,97

11,63

15,80

76.97

7«,07

19.52

75.96

11,57
15,00

Bang 7 la ket qua nghien ciru bieu hien va mirc do phan chan, vui ve d
van ddng vien. Day la stress tich eye, la ngudn nang lugng tinh thin rit can
thiet trong eudc sdng ndi chung, trong tap luyen thi thao ndi rieng. Niu trong
tap luyen the thao, van ddng vien cd niem dam me va phan chin, vui ve, se
giup phat huy tdi uu cac nang lire d van ddng vien. Van ddng vien ed biiu hien
va rnirc do phin chin, vui ve vdi sd diim trung binh chung la 76,97 diim. Day
la sd diim trong thang danh gia la phdn chdn, vui ve.
Van ddng vien giua eac mdn thi thao cd biiu hien va mirc do phin chin.
52

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 5 (218), 5 - 2017


vui ve khong co sir khac biet Ion. Van dpng vien nam va nit 6 mon cii ta co
bieu hien miic dp ph§n chin, vui ve khac biet hon so vdi van dpng vien nam va
nG Of cac mon th^ thao khac nhung sir khac biet ciing khong Idti.
Ket luan
Stress a van dpng vien trong tap luyen the thao la mpt cau true thanh
phan khong tach rai trong cau triic Ihl thao chung. Mot so biiu hien stress
trong the thao duoc van dpng vi6n xac nhan pho bien la cdng thdng, met moi,
lo du, nong gian, phdn chdn, vui ve... deu 6 miic dp rdt cao nhung chua qud
miic va doc hai. Cac trang thai phan iing t^m ly da phan anh kha ro net nhirng
sac thai bieu hien cua stress trong the thao. Day la nhirng thanh phan don vj
cau thanh nen stress trong the thao. Bieu hien stress a van dpng vien phan anh
mpt trong nhiing hien trang tat yeu khach quan trong the thao.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Nguyen Thanh Khai, Stress trong qudn ly, Luan an Tien sT Tam ly hpc, Tnrang Dai
hpc Su pham Ha Npi, 2000.
2. M. Ferreri, Stress tu benh hoc tam thdn den cdch liep can trong dieu Iri, Nguyen
Viet dich va bien scan, Ha Npi, 1997.

3. Rudich, Tam ly hgc, NXB Thg due ThS thao, Ha Noi, 1980.
4. Mac Van Trang, Su cdng thdng cua sinh vien trong hgc tap. ddi sdng vd gidi phdp
cdi ihien linh hinh, Ky yeu Hoi thao khoa hpc ve nhu'ng roi loan co lien quan den
stress a tre em, 6 - 7/11/1997 tai Ha Noi, 1997.
5. Dong Van Trieu, Ly ludn the due the thao vd phuang phdp gido due the chdt - Bai
giang cho sinh vien Truong Dai hoc The due The thao Bae Ninh, 2006.
6. Nguyen The Truyen, Sau nguyen tdc chuyen biet hudn luyen the thao - Bai giang
Huan luyen vien chinh. Vien Khoa hpc The (due The thao, Ha Npi, 2007.
7. V6 Khanh Vinh. Nguyen Huu Minh, Vu Manh l-ai, Dang Nguyen Anh, Phan Thi
Mai Hucmg, Vu Thi Thanh Hucmg, Bai giang chuyen de. Thiel ke nghien cim khoa
hoc xd hoi Ly ludn vd ihuc tien. Hoe Vien Khoa hpc Xa hoi Vict Nam, 2011.
8. Pham Ngpe Vien. Gido irinh Tam ly hoc the due the thao, NXB Th^ due Ihk thao.
Ha Npi, 2006.
9. Pham Ngoc Vien, Lam Quang Thanh, Nguyen Anh Minh, Pham Thi Thanh Huong,
Tdm ly van ddng vien the ihao, NXB The due Thi ihao, Ha Noi, 2014.
10. Pham Ngpc Vien, Mai Van Muon, Truong An My, Du bdo mo hinh trinh do hudn
luyen lam ly van dgng vien mot .sd mon the thao, D£ tai c§p Vien, Ha Noi, 1990.
11. Pham Ngoc Viln, Pham Thi Thanh Huang, Stress Irong hoai ddng the thao, NXB
Tha due Tb£ Ihao, Ha Npi, 2011

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, So 5 (218), 5 - 2017