Thích ứng thang đo cảm nhận hạnh phúc tâm lý của carol ryff trên khách thể sinh viên

THICH Q N G T H A N G DO C A M NHAN
HANH PHUC T A M LY CUA CAROL RYFF
TREN K H A C H THE SINH VIEN'
ThS Dang Hoang Ngan
Khoa Tdm Iv hoc. Tnrdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc Xa hdi vd Nhdn vdn, Dai hgc Qud'c gia
Hd Ngi.

TOM T \T

.\liic dich cbinb cua nghien cini Id ihich img thang do Cam nhdn hgnh phiic tdm
ly cua Ryff (19H9) (The RyfJ's P.sychological Well-being Scales) de sir dung tren khdch
the Vii't \'(im I'lOc dieu tra dirge lien hdnh hai Idn. cdch nhau hai tudn tren cimg mgt
nhdm khdch the sinh vien Co 265 ngirdi tham gia tra ldi bang hdi ldn mat vd 9H ngirdi
tham gia Ira ldi hdng hot ldn hai Thang do Cdm nhdn hgnh phiic tdm ly phien bdn lieng
i'li'! CO do tin cgy 0.9-13. tirang quan giira hai Idn ddnh gid (te.st-retest) 0.912 (p < 0.001). .si
lirtmg quan phdn nira thang do chdt (0.SS4 va 0.924: p < 0.001). Ve do hieu lire cdu trite,
ket qua phdn lich nhdn td chi ra sdu nhdm yi'u td nrong dinrng vdi .so lirong lieu ihang do
md Ryff (1989) de xual. ly gidi 42 51% bo dir lieu. \l6i so diem cdn lmi v vi' hieu lire vd
kha ndng sir dung thang do ciing dirtrc hdn lugn
Tir khoa: Thang do Cam nhdn hgnh phiic ldm Iv: Rvff; Cdm nhdn hgnh phitc: Thich
img thang do. llieu lire cdu triic.
.\gdv nhim bar I9/9/20I6: \ guv duyet ddng bdi 25'l'2ni7.
AHSIR.ACT

llie main piirjxise of the study was lo adapt The Ryff's P.sychological IVell-heing Scale
for Vietnamese /xirtici/xint.s. The .stiiily was conducted twice, two weeks apart on the .same
group .siudents There were 265 /Kirticipanl.s who answered a questionnaire for the first lime
and 9?i parlici/Kinis for the second time The rehahUily of the I'lelnamese version of the R\ff\
P.sychological Well-being Scale was 0.943 The correlations benveen two assessmenl times
Oe.M-retesl) was 0.912 (p <0,001). The split-halfreliahihly were 0.HH4 and 0. 'J24 (p <0.00l). In
terms ol constnict vaUdiiy. the results of factor analysis .showed sur faclors group equivalent to

the number of suh-scnle.s which R\fl (19iS9) suggested, explaining 42 51% of the c/al/i .Some
not tfit alio lis about the validity and the usability' of the scale n ere also di.si. iissed.
KcN-Mords: The Ryff's Psychological IVell-being Scale, U'ell-being: Scale adaplation.
Conslruci vatidity

'Ngliicn cuu thupc khuon kho dc lai: Cam nhdn hanh phiic chu quan cua smh vien:
\\:\ s o C S 2016.05; ThS Dang Hoang Ngan lam chu nhiem

TAPCHITAMLyHOC, Sti 2 (215). 2 - 2017

77


1. Oat van dc
Cam nhan hanh phuc (xxcll-being) la mdt khai nicm ngiix eang thu hut sy
quan tam cua cac nha tam Ix hpe. Nghien eiiu ve cam nhan hanh phtic dugc chia
lam hai hudng chinh: hudng cam nhan hanh phuc thu hudng (hedonic xxcll-being)
xa hudng cam nhan hanh phuc ban chat (eudaimonie well-being). I ludng cam
nhan hanh phue thu hudng nhan manh sy cd mat eua sy thda man va vang mat
cac cam .\uc dau khd (Diener. 1984). Hai thanh Id chinh cua khai nicm cam nhan
hanh phiic nay la: nhan thirc (sy hai long) va cam xuc (cd cam xuc tich eyc, v4ng
cam xue lieu cyc). Cdn ticp can cam nhan hanh phuc ban chat gan licn cam nhan
hanh phuc vdi sy hoan Ihicn ban than, hien thyc hda tiem nang. Rx IT (1989) de
xual md hinh sau xeu td: thai dp tieh cyc ve ban than, eac mdi quan he thda man
vdi ngudi khac. ddc lap va ty quyet. cam nhan dicu khien va ed kha nang; cam
nhan cd muc lieu cudc sdng. cam nhan ca nhan dang tiep tuc phat trien. Keyes
(1998) dc xuat nam binh dicn chi bao mirc do van hanh cua ca nhan trong xii hdi:
sy hda nhap xa hpi, cam nhan dupc sdng vdi tu each la thanh vicn ciia xa hdi, lin
tudng ngucri khae, danh gia tiem nang xa hpi cua ban than de eai Ihien, cam nhan
rang the gidi dang dupe van hanh tdt dep. Tuong img xdi mdi hudng tiiip can ly

thuyet vi; cam nhan hanh phuc la mdt phuang phap danh gia dac trung.
Ca hai~hudng liep can deu da cd edng cu dupe thich ung phii hpp vdi
khach the Vict Nam. Vdi ticp can cam nhan hanh phue thu hudng, Phan Thj Mai
Huimg (2014) da su dung mau bang hdi ve danh gia sy hai long ndi chung va hai
ldng tren timg ITnh vye cudc sdng ndi rieng tren khach Ihd ndng dan. Truong Thj
Khiinh 1 la (2015) da ticn hanh ihieh dng thang do I lanh phuc chu quan mang ten
Phd sue khdc tinh thjn (ban nit gpn) (Mental Health Conlinuum MHC-SF)
(Keyes. 2002) danh cho x'i thanh nien. Mac dit da ed cdng eu theo ca hai hudng
ticp can nhung x iec chux en ngir va thieh img cac cdng cy danh gia ehuyen sau cua
timg hudng ticp can x an dang cdn thidu vjng.
La mdt thang danh gia theo hudng cam nhan hanh phiic ban ehSl, thang
do Cam nhan hanh phue lam ly ciia Ryff (1989) danh gia sau ydu tii ciia cam
nhan hanh phuc la ty chap nhan, cd mdi quan he tich eye, ly chu, phat triln ca
nhan, cd muc lieu sdng, lam chu hoan canh, Thang do dupc su dung rdng rSi
trong nhicu nghien euu vc cam nhan hanh phuc, Cd ddn bon 350 nghien cuu vd
lain ly phat Iricn, lam l\' nhan each, lam ly gia dinh, tam ly lao dpng, sire khde
X'a sinh hpe. lam sang va tri lieu dupe xuSl ban tren hon 150 tap chi chuyen
nganh su dung thang do Cam nhan hanh phuc tam ly (Ryff. 2014).
Vdi muc dich Irudc lien la cung cap them mdt thang do cd sire anh huirng
ldn trong cae nghien eiru Tam ly hpe tren the gidi, nghien ciru nay da thyc hien

TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd' 2 (215), 2 - 2(117


chuydn ngu \a thich ung thang do Cam nhan hanh phiic tam ly cua Ryfl'. Ben
canh dd. dp hieu Iuc cdu uiic cua thang do nay vdn la dieu dugc ban luan sdi ndi
dua vao nhCmg bang chung ung hd (Lindfors va cpng su. 2006: Gallagher \a
cdng su. 2009) va nhOng b§ng chung khdng thira nhan (Springer va edng su.
2006; Abbott \a cdng su. 2010) md hinh sau yeu td. Ngoai ra, khi chuyen sang
cac ngdn ngu khac tiing Anh. sau nhan td dupc chiet xuat cd muc dp giai thich

bd du lieu tuong ddi thap. ching ban 31% vdi phien ban tieng Ha Lan (Van
Dierendonck. 2004), 35.82% vdi phien ban tieng Serbia (Nise\ic \a Cigic, 2013).
Nghien cuu nay tren khach the Viet Nam cung nham muc dich thu hai la danh
gia dp hieu luc cau true cua thang do trong bdi canh khac biet van hda.
2. Phirong phap nghien ciru
Tien trinh
Trudc ticn. thang do dupc dich tir tieng Anh sang tieng Vict, hieu dinh.
Budc thao luan tap trung (focus group) vdi nhdm gdm bdn sinh \ icn dupc thuc
hicn dc vice chuyen ngij phii hpp vdi each nhin nhan ciia khach the la sinh \ien.
dong thdi kicm tra dp hicu luc be mat ciia timg eau xem mdi cau cd kha nang
mang den ciing mot each hieu \ di nhirng ngudi tra ldi khac nhau va cd dac trung
cho timg \cu td dupc danh gia la tu chap nhan. cd mdi quan he tich cue. tu chu.
phat trien ca nhan. cd muc tieu sdng. lam chu hoan canh hay khdng. Sau dd. mpt
bang hdi gdm thang do va cac thdng tin nhan khau dupc thict lap. Bang hdi dut;c
giri true tiep den khach the tham gia kem theo thu gidi thieu nghien cuu ghi rd
each thuc ticn hanh. lpi ich. cac ngu> co cd the cd khi tham gia nghien ciru. Lan
mtii ed 265 khach the tham gia. trong sd nay. cd 98 ngudi ddng y tra ldi bang hdi
lan 2. Lan hai dupc thuc hien sau dd dung hai tuan. Bang 1 dudi da\ md ta thdng
tin nhan khau ciia ngudi tham gia nghien cuu:
Bang 1: Thong lin nhdn khdu ve khdch the
So lurnijj

Clin

lin 2

Lan 1

\'am

116

13

43,8

13,3

Nii

149

85

56,2

86,7

linh

1)6 tuoi

Khu X uc sinh song chu y£u

T v lii %

Lin 1

Lan 2

Tir 18 den 28

Tir 18 den 26

Thanh thi

116

5J

44,4

55,1

Nonp Ihon

145

44

55,6

44,9

TAP CHi TAM LV HOC, Sd 2 (215), 2 - 2017

79


Sinh vicn nam thir

Nhai

46

27

17.5

2^.6

Ilai

56

26

21.2

26.5

na

102

jy

38.6

15 7

Tu

60

10

22."^

10.2

Cong cu ddnh gid
Thang do 84 menh dc gdm sau ticu thang. mdi ticu thang gdm 14 menh
dc. trong dd cd 7 menh de mang nghTa thuan \'a 7 menh dc mang nghla nghich.
cdn phai ma hda nguoc khi xu IV. Trong qua trinh chuyen ngir. nhirng ngudi
thuc hien da cd gang chu\en tai diing hinh thuc nghfa thuan. nghia nghich. T uy
nhien. cd 2 trong sd 42 menh dc mang nghTa nghich da phai djch va chuyen
dang thanh nghTa thuan de phii hpp hon vtVi each hicu eua ngudi Viet. Thang
do ctl djnh dang Likcrt 6 mirc dp. yeu eau ngudi tra Idi danh gia mirc do hp ddng
y vdi timg cau (iCr 1 - Moan toan khdng ddng y den 6 - Hoan toan ddng y).
3. Ket qua nghien cuu
Ket qua tren timg tieu ihang va loan thang do cho thay. diem trung binh
xap xi diem trung vi. Cac he sd bat ddi xirng va he sd nhpn deu nam trong
khoang cho ph(:p (-1 < skcwness < 1; -2 < kurlosis < 2) (bang 2). Dua vao cac
gia tri na), cd the ket luan dii: lieu cd dang phan bd chuan.
Bdng 2: Diem trung binh. trung vi. do l?ch chudn, he so bat doi xirng.
he so nhon cita cdc lieu thang vd loan thang
T y chap
nhiin

Moi quan
he tich cue

Tirchu

Mean

3.84

4.39

3,80

4,91

4,31

3,95

Median

3.79

4.43

3,79

5,00

4,29

3,93

4,24

SI)

0.766

0.778

0,731

0,622

0,738

0,753

0,535

Skew ness

-0.055

-0.401

0,026

-0,634

-0,172

-0,079

0,003

Kunosis

-0.157

-0.354

0,112

0,238

-0,096

-0,365

-0,183

]*hat trien M u c tieu l>am chii
ca nhan
hoan canh
sone

Toan
thang

4,20

Do tin i

Timg lieu thang va loan thang cd dp tin eay Alpha cua Cronbach cao (lu
0,825 den 0,943), luong quan item-lolal cua loan thang do lir 0,096 den 0,659,

80

TAPCHfTAMLyHOC, S<') 2 (215), 2 - 2 0 1 7


Ph(;p tinh tutma quan ciia hai nira thang do (split - halO cho kcl qua tir 0.660
den 0.924. Ket qua nay cd th6 khang djnh mirc do tuong quan giira cac menh
dc* theo moi nira ciia cac ti6u thang va toan thang do la kha cao.
Kk qua test-rctest cho lha\. tutmg quan giiia hai Ian do cao (tir 0.807 den
0.912) vdi muc v nehTa p < 0.001. Dicu nay chiing td thang do dang tin ca\ khi
khao sat vdi ihdi gian each nhau hai tuan.
Dp hieu lire cau true
\ lc sd KMO --- 0.823 vdi muc y nghia cua phep kicm dinh Bartlett la p < 0.001
cho thay \di dp ldn cua mau hicn tai. cd the thuc hicn dupc \ icc phan tich nhan
td. Lan phan tich dau cd 22 nhan u cd gia tri phucmg sai trich ldn hem !. Dua
vao dti thi phan bd (bicu dd 1) \a khung ly thu\ct ciia RyfT(1989). 6 nht)m nhan
td tap trung hem. giai thich 42.51 % bd dii lieu dupc thir nghiem bang phep \oa}
Varimax de xem xtit su phan bd cua eae item \ao iCmg nhdm nhan td. Pht;p \o.i>
Varimax cho ket qua cac cum nhan id nhu bang 3. Trong bang nay, cae gia tri he
so tai nhan td ldn nhat dupc in dam. Cac gia tri he sd tai nhan td Itm htm 0.3 \a
ciing thudc cum nhan td theo K thuyet ciia Ryrr(1989) dupc gach chan. Nhu
\a\. cac gia tri dupc in dam va gach chan phan anh ddng thdi cau true theo ly
ihu\i!'t va cau true theo ket qua phan tich nhan td.

Component Number

Bieu dd I: Dd thf phdn bo cdc nhom yeu to

TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd'2 (215). 2 - 2017


Bdng 3: Mo Iran xu huong cdu - nhdn to

TT

NhSn to thi^o "-oi tyt-.x ihonf! kc

\han to
theo ly
thuvet

Cac menh de

,

2

3

4

5

6

1

TCN 1 Noi chune toi tu hao \ c ban than va 0,642 0,140 -0,005 0,089 0,104 0,061

2

TCN 2 i
3

rc\ 3

4

TCN 4

5

T C N 5 Nhin chung toi cam thay nr tin va 0,607 0,151 0,156 0,213 0,171
tich cg'c ve ban than

0,282

6

I CN 6 Toi ihich hau hel nhung khia cgnh 0,677 0,263 0,060 0,044 0,149
tronii con nguai toi

0,066

7

TCN 7

8

TCN 8

9

rCN 9

10

I C N 10 VIgi ngudi deu c6 dicm >CLI tihimg 0,419 0,412 0,179 0,132 0,085 -0,136
ducmg nhu loi co qua nhieu

\k cuoc sone ciia minh

cam thav hai long ve ban than
k h i nhin lai cupc dcri minh, toi hai 0,715 0,180 0,003 0,086 -0,060 -0,110
long ve nhirng dieu da xav ra
Chuy?n qua khur co luc vui luc buon
-0,023 -0,005
iliung nhin chung, toi khong muon 0,573 0,153 -0,097 0,050
Uiav doi nhtma dieu da limp xay ra

V e nhieu mat, toi cam thay that vong

vi nhirng gi toi d3 dai dirge trong 0,319 0,392 0,148 0,155 -0,009 -0,120
cuoc song
Toi da CO vai sai lam tnroc day nhtmg
toi cam ihay mgi ihii da va dang di 0,469 -0,017 0,139 -0,024 0,246 -0,007
theo each toi nhat
*Jhieu sane thiirc day. toi cam thay 0,287 0.356 0,369 0,205 -0,096 -0,074
chan nan ve each minh sonu

Nhieu nguai trong so nhDng ngirdi
toi bict ã ho nam bĐt nhicu thii tir 0,255 0,473 0,041 -0,047 0,024 -0,060
cugc song hon toi

1 ! "1 CN 1 1

12

I C N 12 Foi ghen ti vdi cugc song ciia nhicu 0,275 0,494 0,080 0,076 0,185 -0,142
ngudi

13

I C N 13 Neu CO ca hpi. loi co nhieu diet 0,304 0,487 0,116 -0,073 -0,083
-0,014
muon ihay doi d ban than minh

14

TCN 14

82

Toi danh gia ban than toi khong lich
cue nhu hau het mgi ngudi danh gi£ 0,232 0,546 0,082 0,273 0,236 -0,051
ve ban than ho

TAP CHI TAM l y HOC, S(5 2 (21 .S). 2 - 2017


IS

\ l ( , ) l l ! Ve quan he ban be, loi co cam giac 0,107 0.182 0.095 0,666 0,087 -0,125
minh luon la neuoi nsoai cuoc

16

M O I 12

17

MOM 3 Ducmg nhu tat ca nhimg nguoi khac 0,094 0,136 0,010 0,697 -0,019 -0,093
deu CO nhieu ban be hon toi

18

M Q I 14 nghe khi toi CO dieu muon noi

19

MQI 1 5

20

M0116 Toi thay rang minh nhan dupc nhiei 0,091 -0,087 0,020 0,631 0,199 0,042
dieu tir tinh ban cua minh

21

MQI 17

22

M Q I 18

foi va ban be thong cam vcji nhimg -0,052 ^0,042 0,059 0,547 0,193
van de cua nhau

23

MQH9

foi khci CO the duy tri cac moi quan -0,083 0,245 0,083 0,511 0,150 -0,048
le than Ihiet

24

M O I I 10 foi dugfc danh gia la mo long, san 0,040 -0,211 0,020 0,452 0,163 0,149
sang danh thai gian cho nguoi khac

TOI khong CO nhieu trai nghiem than

-0,074
Jiiet va tin cay trong moi quan he 0,125 0,168 0,083 0.611 0,088
vai nguoi khac

Toi thudng xuyen cam thay co dor
vi toi CO il ban than de chia se nhijn§ 0,077 0,202 0,040 0.655 0,006 -0.087
o Iang cua minh

foi CO the tin tuong 6 nhung ngucri
)an ciia minh va ho cung co the tin 0,095 -0,068 0,050 0,576 0,208 0,174
ucmg toi
0,322

25 M Q H 11 I oi cam thay rat kho de mcr long khi 0,078 0,135 0,155 0.601 0,012 -0,098
noi chuven vcri nguai khac
lau hel mpi ngutri nhin nh^n r^nj]
cri la nguai quan tam va yeu quy 0,129 -0,082 0,126 0,523 0,229 0,264
moi niiuoi

26

M Q H 12

27

M Q H 13

28

M Q H 14 I oi thich tam sy \cri b?n be va nguoi 0,042 -0,135 0.139 0,485 0,136 -0,051

han trong gia dinh

Toi coi trpng \ icc minh can bicl crch
Jlng nghe khi nguoi ban than npi vcri 0.051 -0.08."! -0.065 0,274 0,399 0,295
PI ve van dc ciia ban ay

29

TC 1

Toi tin vao y kien ciia minh, ke ca -0,016 0,316 -0,081 0,008 0,065
chi no trai ngupe voi y kien chung

30

rc 2

Toi khong e sc;r noi Icn y kien cua
minh, ke ca khi \' kien do trai ngucrc 0.0:3
vcri hau het moi ngucri

TAP CH( TAM LV HOC, S6 2 (215), 2 - 2017

0,574

0.284 -0.096 0,110 0,326 0,487

S3

31

rc3

32

TC4

33

1C 5

34

TC6

35

IC7

36

TC8

37

TC 9

38

IC 10

39

IC 11

40

IC 12

41

TC 13

42

TC 14

43

IMC \ 1

44

1' K S 2

Quyet dinh cua tcri thuong khong b 0,261 0.264 0,136 0.(121 0.031
leiroi khac anh htronii
Toi thucmg thay doi quyet djnh ciia
minh khi ban be hoac gia dinh toi -0,0,-4 0,463 -0,019 0,043 -0.025

khong dong \

IK627

OJ.IO

Toi CO .\u hutrng lo lang ve nhCrng 0,137 0,557 0.003 0,010 -0.063 0 J 3 7
Jieu ngucri khac nghT \ e toi
Vai toi, hoa dong \LVI mpi nguo
quan trpng hon la \ icc dpc lap trei -0.149 0,524 -0.018 -0,209 0.000
nguven tac cua minh
l p i khong bi anh huang bcji diet 0,050 0.23 1 0.077 -0,056 0,045
rau het mpi nguoi cho la dimg

0,217

0,673

\ u hay suy nghT ciia minh sao che 0,060 0,690 -0.033 -0,018 -0,014 0,088
gipng vcri nhfmg nguai xung quanh
rpi gap klici khan trpng vice dua ra y
cicn rieng ciia minh trong nhCmg van 0,074 0,505 -0,015 0.181 0,071
lc mang tinh tranh cai

0,206

l i n CO Ml huong bi anh htrcrng btri
ihiniii ngircri tin vao quan dicm cita 0,065 0,482 0,158 0.114 -0,131 0,206
10

['oi de y toi \ icc mpi nguai danh gia
i l i u the nao vc nhung quyet dinh 0,143 0,609 0,137 0.002 -0.034 0,173
rong cupc .song ma toi da lira chon
foi danh gia ban than minh dira tren
ihimg dieu icri cho la quan trpng chii
0,221 0,038 0,066 -0,200 0.230
\h6ng phai dua triin dicu ngucri khac
ho la quan trong

0,496

Vipi ngucri hiem khi thuvcl phuc dupc 0,037
0,070 0,126 -0,171 0.156 0,563
pi lam dicu ma tiii khong inucrn
^ p i lpi. hai long voi ban than minh
luan trpng hem \icc lam vira long 0,347 0,170 0,089 -0.304 0,111 0,0312
igircri khac
"oi nghT rang can thict phai cp nhihig
rai nghiem mcri khien la suy nglm 0,081
c each nhin nhan ban than vii the gicri

0.164 0,100 0,100 0,671

0.167

)6i viri toi, cutrc simg la mot qua Irinl
ien luc hoc hcri, thay doi \a trucmg 0,178
liiinh

0,065 0.096 0,160 0,668

0.051

TAP CHI TAM LV H O C S6' 2 (215), 2 - 2017


45

PT CN 3 Tpi la ki^u ngucri thich thu nhimg 0.241 -0.042 -0,035 0,018 0,568 0,121
dieu mdi me

46

I'ICN 4

47

1' TCN 5 Toi thay rang minh cang ngay cang 0.127 -0.102 0,387 0,141 0,427 0.183
cham pha ra nhieu dicu a ban than

48

PTCN 6

49

PTCN7

50

P TCN 8

SI

PTCN 9 Toi khong hung thii vai nhihig htrat 0,046 0,100 0,052 0,191 0,552 -0.092
dpng mo rong tam nhin cho minh

Tpi khpng muon thu lam nhimg dieu
moi 1?. Cupc song ctia toi tot dep 0.026 0.090 -0,062 0,015 0.551 -0.021
nhu np vpn the

Toi hai long khi thay quan diem cua
minh thay doi \ i i truong thanh theo 0.081 -0.043 0,282 0,194 0,464 O.IIO
nam thang
Theo quan diem ciia toi, con ngudi 6
mpi dp tuoi deu co the trucmg thanh 0.044 -0.169 0,163 0,051 0,570 0,064
va tiep tuc phat trien
Ciing voi thcri gian, toi them thau
neu ve cupc song, dieu do giup liri 0.110 -0,151 0,280 0,208 0,517 0,190
loan thien va manh mc hon

52 PTCN 10 Toi cam thay rang minh trucmg thanh 0,235 0,013 0,373 0,184 0,426 0,104
rat nhicu trong nhimg thang nam qua
5'

Toi khong hung thii vcri nhihig tinh
PI CN 1 1
luong mdi bupc tpi phai thay dpi 0.070 0.254 0,106 0,108 0,32S -0,118
each thu'c hoat dong quen thupc

54 PTCN 12 Tpi dil tir bp \ iec np lire thay doi •0.023 0,080 0,372 0,076 0,433 -0,012
cupc scrng ciia niinli tir liiu roi
55 P I C N 13 Ngirdi gia thi khong the ticp nhan ca -0,052 -0,014 0,087 0,121 0,318 0,113
ndi
56 PTCN 14 Toi cam thay minh khong thuc sir 0,097 0,290 0,456 0,110 0,230 -0,027
ien bo trong suot nhirng nam qua
Toi da timg dc ra muc ticu cho minh
ihimg hiiy gid dieu dd ducmg nhu la 0,047 0.200 0,579 0,034 0,308 -0,012
nin su lang phi Ihdi gian

57

MTl

58

Ml 2

59

Ml'3

Tpi ihinriig lap Irung vao hicn lai vi -0,173 0,176 0,375 0.051 0,275 -0,181
sp nhimg khd khan Irpng tucmg lai

60

Ml 4

Toi khong rii Idi da co gdnu \ i iii

^hin chung, toi khdng chac la mini
dat duiic nhicu dieu minh mudn Irong 0,240 0,439 0,547 0,072 0,136 0,029
cupc sdnc

TAP CHi TAM LVHOC, So 2 (215), 2 - 2 0 1 7

0.201 0,236 0,625 0.(l.^^ 0.058 -0,065

85


61

MT5

Tdi thay mdi ngii> trdi qua dudng 0,210 0.222 0,609 0,262 0.066 0,007
nhu vd gia Iri

62

MT6

Toi sdng trang hien Iai va khdng -0,145 -0.058 0,474 0,052 0.26" -0,199
thuc su lo nghT ve tucme lai

63

Ml "

64

MT8

65

Ml 9

Tdi cd dinh hudng va muc lieu Irong 0,300 -0,021 0.607 0,091 0,204 0,146
cudc sdng

66

M l 10

Tdi thda mSn khi nghT\c nhimg dieu 0,594 0,078 0,1 86 0,016 -0,034 0,180
ninh da Ihuc hicn trong cupc sdng

67

Mill

68

M l 12

69

MTU

70

M l 14

71

ICIIC 1

72

1 CIIC 2 Nhimg trach nhiem thudng xuyen 0,065 0,533 0,270 0,213 -0,192 0,091
lam tdi cam Ihay qua tai

73

L C I I C 3 NhCmg yeu cau ciia cudc sdng thudng 0,162 0,500 0.439 (I.I 18 -0,121 0,075
khicn Idi chan nan

74

I.CIIC4

75

I C I I C 5 Tdi cd \ e khdng hop vdi nhCmg ngucr 0,154 0.183 0,329 0,625 0,013 -0,015
xungquanh

86

TAPCHITAMLYHOC, Sc. 2(215), 2 - 2 0 1 7

Ddi khi tdi cam thii\ minh da trai
0,109 -0,012 0,339 0,045
ighiem du N.I tdi khdng mudn co -0.080 0,211
nhunetraindiiciii mtji nira
Tdi hung thu vdi \ iec haach dinh kc
-0,021 0.335 0,072
hoach cho tucmg lai \ a bien ehiing 0,187 -0,067 0,426
:hanh hicn thuc

Nhimg gi ldi da timg hupng den mang
0.062 0,103 -0,021
lai cho lpi nhieu niem \ i i i hon noi 0,549 -0,021 0.197
rudn
l d i khong phai la ngudi mai phuong 0,417 0,116 0,386 0,110 0,075 0,128
hutrng tronu cucrc ddi
Tdi thay hai Idng khi nghT den nhimg
dicu minh da lam trpng qua khii va 0,721 0,138 0,231 0,134 -0,089 -0,072
nhirng dieu minh hi vpng trpng tuong
lai
Tdi la mdt ngudi nSng dpng trong
vice thuc hicn eac ke hoach ma tdi 0,552 0,039 0,443 0,113
da dc ra cho minh

0,167

0,306

Tdi cam lliiiN cang Ihang khi khdng
Iheo kjp \ 6 i nhimg dicu minh phai 0,030 0,414 0,288 0,194 -0,080 0,197

lam mdi ngav

Tdi that vpng khi CO gang Ien ke hoaeh
hang ngav. \ i Idi khdng bao gid hoan 0 194 0,328 0,560 0.13 1 0.056 0,072
Ihanh ducrc chimg


76

Neu tdi cam thiy khdng hanh phiic
LCITC 6 »di cudc song, tdi sc thuc hien cac 0,255 -0,028 0,419 0,161 0,315
:ach thuc hieu qua di thay ddi nd

0,287

77

L C H C 7 Toi gap khd khan uong viee sap xSp 0.246 0,465 0,420 0.063 -0.119 0,203
cudc sdng theo y minh

78

LCHC8

79

l.CHC 9 Tdi hpan thanh kha tdt nhimg trach 0,509 0,045 0,393
nhiem vdi cudc song cua minh

Toi rat gidi quan ly thdi gian nen td

cp the sap xep thuc hien mpi viec 0.375 0,094 0,440 0.178 -0.015 0,302
can thict
0.192 -0.026 0.255

80 I.CIIC 10 4hin chung tdi quan ly tdt tai chinh 0 J 5 6 -0.048 0.323 0,105 0,004
va nhihig cdng viee ca nhan

0.282

81 I X H C 11 vdi cudc sdng cua minh

0,298

82 LCHC 12

Tdi kha Ihanh cong trong vi?e tim
iicm cac boat dpng \ a cac mdi quan 0,447 -0,076 0,242 0,356 0,142 0,338
1? ma tdi mong muon

83 I.CIIC 13 Cudc song cua tdi ban rpn nhung tdi 0,430 -0,024 0,312 0,162 0,177 0,251
rat hai Idng khi hoan thanh moi vice
84 l.CHC 14 foi rat Ihich phong each sdng ma tdi 0,535 0,175 0,318 0,110 0,136 0,230
da xay dung cho minh

Ghi chit Viet liil TC\ Ttr chdp nhdn: .MQH: .Moi iiuan he lich cue. TC: Ttr chii. PTC^ Phdt
trien cu nhdn. MT: \ttic lieu: LCHC Ldm chu hoan canh.

Nhir vay, nhan to (1) phan anh sii hai long doi vtji hinh anh lich cue vt
ban than, Nhan 16 (2) phan anh sir cang thang, tieu cue trong quan he vcri ngucri

khae, voi euoc song noi chung. Nhan to (3) nhin chung phan anh cam nhan co
muc lieu, phucmg hutjng. Nhan to (4) phan anh ehieu canh moi quan he tieh cue,
phan bo cac menh de giong ly thuyel, Nhan lo (5) phan anh ehieu eanh phai liien
ea nhan, phan bo cae menh de giong ly Ihuyet. Nhan to (6) Ihupc cau true ly
thuyet •'tu chti", deu phan anh su tu quyel, lin lucjng vao ban than.
4, Ban luan
Ket qua tren cho Ihay thang do Cam nhan hanh phtic lam ly chuyen ngO
sang lieng Vict co do tin ca\' lot. Tuy nhien, can ban luan ve do hieu luc.
Thir nhdl. lieu thang "moi quan he lich cue" (nhan lo 4) \ a lieu thang "phai
IriOn ca nhan" (nhan lo 5) co hieu luc danh gia hai Ihanh l6 nay theo ly thuyfil cam

TAP CH( TAM LV HOC, Sfi 2 (215), 2 - 2 0 1 7

87


nhan hanh phuc ma Ryfr(1989) da dua ra, Doi viji cac liC-u ihang cc')n lai. vice .5ti
dung di danh gia cin h6l stic cin than vi ly do l6n lai sir chong cheo ve mit kmi
nietn giua lu chap nhan, lam chti hoan canh, muc lieu song. Sir chong cheo \ c m<.
khai niem nay cung dui.rc lim lha\' ir mot so nghien ciiu khac Ircn Ihc giiri (Nisc\ ic
va Cigic, 2013).
Thir hai. tidu thang nu chti" theo kei qua phan lich nhan lo co su phan dot:
6 menh di cum thanh nhan l6 (6) phan anh sir lir quyet, lin lucrng \_ao ban than; 7
menh dc thuoc vao nhan to (2) ham y sir cang Ihang khi cci mau thuan vc > kien, \
dinh giua ban than va nguoi khac. DiOu niiv chimg to su lu chti ihco quan nicm
phucmg lay \i7i npi ham la dpc lap, kha nang chflng lai tip lire xa hpi chua chac da
la mpi lieu chi phan anh cain nhan hanh phtic cr Viet Nam. Nen \'an hoa cpng
dflng A Dong nhdn manh each sflng dat trong tufli quan he. Do do, \ icc tiuy Iri^ su
hai hoa gitra cac ca nhan, thiic d;i\ mong mufln vii su thjnh vuijng ctia cpng dong
CO the la vin di chinh di co ducrc cam nhan hanh phtic ([,u va Gilmour, 2006).

Tflm lai, ihang do Ciim nhan hanh phiic lam Iy 84 menh de ciia RylT( 1989)
chuyen ngu lieng Vict co dfl Iin Cii\ cao. lieu Ihang "Moi quan he lich cyc \ a lieu
Ihang "Phat Iric-n cii nhan" do co dp hicu luc Ifll, co the dupc sir dung nhu nhimg
Ihang dpc lap dd danh gia hai thanh n^ trong ly Ihuyet cam nhan hanh phuc ctia
RylT, Su chong cheo giira cac khiii niem lu chip nh.in, lu chii, cfl muc ticu, lam chii
hoan canh can dupc xem x<:l uong c;ic nghien cim ihich img liep Ihco.
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ahholl R., Ploubidis G., Iluppcrl I . Kuh D. & Croudacc 'I., .in evaluation tif the
precision nf nieasiirenienl ol Rvll'^ Psvchological iVell-Being Scales in a popiilaliim
sample. Siici.il Indicator Research, 97, pp. 357 - 370, 2010.
2 Bradbum \ \l , The .•ilriiclure of psychological well-being, Chicago: Aldinc, 1969.
3 Dicncr I... Suhfective veil-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95, pp. 542 - 575, 1984.
4. Clallagher \l \\ , Lope/ S T. & Preacher K.J., The hierarchical striicliire nf wellheing. Journal of Personality. 77. pp. 1.025 - 1.050, 2009.
5 KcvcsC.l \ I .,'iutiu/nW/-/i«nj;, Social Psychology Quarterly. 2, pp. 121 - 140. 1998.
6. l.indlbrs P.. Bcmtsson I.. & I.undbcrg U., Factor structure of llvtf \ psvchological
well-heing scales in Swedish female and male white-collar winkers. Pcrsonalil\ and
Individual DilTercnces, 40, pp. 1 213 - 1 222. 2006.
7. Lu L, <& Gilmour R., Individual-oriented and .socially oriented cultural conceptions
of subjective well-being Conceptual analysis and .scale development. Asian Journal
of Social Psychology, 9, pp. 36 - 49, 2006.

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8. \ i s c \ i c S. & Cigic D.. Ryjfspsychological
well-being scales Factor structure of
Serbian version. Current topics in neurology, psychiatry and related disciplines, pp. 3
•-J.pp. 8 - 17.2013.
9. Phan Thi Mai [luong. Cam nhgn hgnh phitc chu quan ciia ngudi nong ddn. Tap chi
Tam l> hoc, 8. tr. 28 - 41. 2014.

10. RyfTC.D., Happiness is eivrything. or is il? Explorations on the meaning of psychological
Me/Z-Af/ng, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 57, pp. 1.069- 1.081. 1989.
11. Ryff CD-. Psychological well-being revisited Ach'ances in science and practice
of eudaimonia. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics. 83. pp. 1 0 - 2 8 . 2014.
12. Springer K.W., Hauscr R.M & Freese J., Bad news indeed for Ryff's
model of well-being. Social Science Research. 35. pp. 1.120 - 1.131, 2006.

six-factor

13. Tnrcmg Thi Khanh lla, Thich irng thang do Hanh phiic chu quan ddnh cho vi
thdnh nien. Tap chi Tam h' hoc. tr. 52 - 64. So 5/2015.
14. \'an Dierendonck D.. The conslruci validity of Ry/f's Scales of psychological
well-being and Its extension with spiritual well-being. Personaliu and Individual
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