Thực trạng giáo dục mầm non ở các tỉnh đồng bằng sông cửu long

THJC TRANG GIAO DUC M A M NON
6 CAC TJNH DONG B A N G
SONG CL/U LONG
TS. Le Van Chin
Sd Gido due vd Ddo tao Ben 'Tre.

I i

TOM T.\T

Gido due mdm non Id cdp hoc ddu lien Irong he ihdng gido due qudc ddn. dgt
nen mimg han ddu cho .sir phdt trien ve the chdt. tri lue, tinh cam. thdm my. lieng Viel
vd ldm ly .sdn .sdng di hgc cho ire em. Cdp hpc mdm non d cue linh ddng bdng .sdng
Cini Long irong nhirng nam qua dd cd nhieu cd gdng. dgi dupc nhieu thdnh tuu lot.
Tiiy vdy, cdp hoc ndy hien nay vdn cdn bdt cap. han chi. De gido due mdm non phdt
trien. i tin cd chinh sdch ddc thit rieng cho viing ddng bdng .song ('iru Umg. Rii-ng cdc
ttnh trong khu vuc phai bii't phdt huy not luc vd ddy mgnh cting tdc xd hdi hda gido
due
Tir khoa: Gido due mdm non: Ddng hdng sdng Cini Long.
Xgiiynhdnhdi

8.'1/20I7; \giiy duyet ddng hid: 25'1/2017
AltSTRACT

Preschool education is the beginning level pfetluealion system, which lays the
foundation lor the development ofphystcut health, intelligence, affection, aesthetics and
I 'lelnainese language lor kids and helps kids becomes psychologically ready for .school.
Preschool education in Cuu Long delta has made iniiiiy achievements during Ihe past
years How ever, there are still mine liinilalions and inadequacy in Us performance. In order
lo boost the improveineiil of preschool ediicitlion in Cuu Long Delia il requires specialized
policies Provinces in this area also need to uphold their internal force and promote the

socialization of ediicalion.
Key xvords: Preschool education. Cuu Long delta.
\. D a t xiin dc
Nam hpe 2016 - 2017 la nam thu tu loan nganh giao due ticp tuc thyc
hicn Nghi quxct sd 2')-\iy\
\\ ngay 04 thang 11 nam 2013 cua Uan C h i p hanh
•frung uimg Dang (khda XI) xe "Ddi mdi can ban. loan dicn giao due va dao tao.

56

TAP CHl TAM LV HOC. .V) 2 (215), 2 - 2017


dap img \cu c§u cong nghiep hoa. hicn dai hoa trong dieu kien kinh w thi trudng
dinh huong xa hpi chu nghta \ a hpi nhap qu6c tc". Cac tinh ddng bang song Cim
Long d^u tap trung cho cac boat dpng nang cao chat lugmg giao due 6 cac nganh
hoc. cap hpc. trong do co c^p hpc mam non. Muc tieu la giup irc phat trien \c
the chat, tinh cam. hi^u bi6t. tham my. hinh thanh cac yeu to dau ticn ciia nhan
each, chuan bj t6t cho tre buoc vao lop 1. Day la mot trong nhung giai phap tich
cue nham nang cao chat lupng nguon nhan luc trong viing. dap img cho > eu cau
cong nghiep hoa va hicn dai hoa dat nuoc. Bai viet na\ tap trung phan tich thuc
trang giao due mam non o cac linh dong bang song Cim Long de tir do gop phan
dc ra cac bien phap nang cao chat lupng dao tao ciia bac hpc nay.
2. Thirc trang giao due mam non a cac tmh dong bang song Ciiu Long
u. Ve so luang tre mdm non
Voi su CO gang ciia nganh giao due. dao tao cr cac tinh dong bang song
Cim Long, quy mo. mang luoi truong. lop mam non trong vimg tiep tuc dupe
dicu chinh. \6a dan dicm lc theo huong tao mpi dicu kicn de hu) dpng loi da tre
trong dp tuoi den tru(mg. nhat la dia ban viing sau. \ung kinh tc - xa hpi dac biet
kho khan, viing bien gioi. hai dao. Tinh den thoi diem thang L2017. toan vung

CO 1.803 truong mam non. mau giao. tang 43 truong so \oi nam hpc trudc; vdi
19.154 Idp. tang 1.682 Idp va 556 597 tre. tang 53.060 tre so vdi nam hpc trudc.
Sd lupng trudng. UVp. hpc sinh cap hpc mam non trong viing nhu sau:
Bdng 1: So luang trir&ng, lap. hgc sinh mdm non a cdc tinh
dong bdng .song Ciru Long ddu ndm hoc 2016 -2017
TT

So Iriro'nH

So iori

So hoc sinh

1

An Giang

Dcrn v i

201

1.992

61.661

2

Bac l.icii

88

929

29.940

3

Ben Tre

176

1.387

46.405

4

Ca Mail

131

1,339

36.715

5

I36nu Thiip

191

2 129

64 198

6

Ilau Giants

85

1.019

30.738

7

Kicn Gianji

151

1,651

47.003

8

l.oni; An

209

1 764

53.328

9

Soc rranp

134

1.709

51.265

TAP CHl TAM LV HOC, Sd 2 (2 Li). 2 - 2017

57


10

Ticn Gians

188

2.585

56 552

11

Tni Vinh

120

1.271

38.701

12

VTnh Lon.e

129

1.379

40.091

Tir thuc td tren cho thay. nganh hpc mam non thudc cac tinh ddng bang
sdng Cuu Long cd nhiSu nd lyc tang quy md tre trong dp tudi den trucmg nham
thyc hien muc lieu phd cap giao dye mam non cho tre em 5 tudi va chuan bj lot
cho tre vao Idp I.
Theo bao cao eua eac dja phuong. t\ le huy dpng Ue ngoai cdng lap loan
xiing chidm i\ le 9.7% so vdi tdng sd tre dupc huy dpng. Ben canh mpt sd linh
cd tx le tre ngoai cdng lap chidm ly le tren 10,0% nhu: Kien Giang: 16.26%.
Long An: 16.27%. Bdn Tre: 10.3%... thi mdt sd tinh cd ty le huy dpng tte ngpai
cdng lap chidm tx le thSp hon nhu: Hau Giang: 8,6%, Tra Vinh: 6,0%, Tien
Giang: 3,0%,,,

Cdng tac phd cap giao due mam non cho tre 5 tudi trong viing cung dupc
chil trpng, Tinh d6n thang 1/2016, loan vitng cd 10 tinh da dupc Bp Giao due va
Dao lao kiem tra cdng nhan. Rieng 2 tinh Kicn Giang va Sdc Trang da hoan
thanh hd so va dc nghj Bd Giao due x ii Dao tao kiem tra, cdng nhan,
b. Vi sd lirong gido viin mdm non
Mpi dicm dang luu x la thyc trang giao vien mam non trong vimg dang
la van dc hire xuc, Ben canh mdt sd tinh khdng thieu giao vien mam non nhu:
Kicn Giang, Ddng fhap thi mdt sd tinh nhu: Ben Tre, Hau Giang, Ticn Giang,
Tra Vinh dang Ihicu giao vien mam non kha nhieu. Dieu nay sg anh hudng ticu
eye den ly le huy ddng tre ra Idp va vice md rpng quy md tre dupc td chirc ban
tru. den lao dicu kicn de nang cao chat lupng cham sdc va giao due tre, den
vice phu huynh tham gia lao ddng, san xuat, Sd lupng giao vien mam non eua
khu X ye can dupc bd sung Irong thdi gian tdi nhu sau:
Bdng 2: Ttnh hinh thiiu gido viin mdm non a cdc tinh ddng bdng
sdng Ciru Long ndm hpc 2016 -2017
TT

."ia

Don vi

So giao vicn hien c6

So giao vicn Ihieu can bo sung

1

An Giang

4.291

60

2

Bac Lieu

2.056

163

3

Ben Tre

2.646

734

TAP CH(TAM LV HOC, S6' 2 (215), 2 - 2017


246

4

Ca Mau

2,822

5

Dons Thap

4,103

0

6

Ilau Giang

1.634

734

7

Kien Giang

3.495

0

8

Long A n

3.624

170

9

Soc Trang

3.249

297

10

Tien Giang

3.021

642

11

Tra Vinh

2.126

619

12

VTnh Long

2.732

124

35.799

3.789

Tdng cgng

Vdi so lieu bang tren cho thay, cac tinh trong viing con thieu mpt so lugng
ldn giao vicn mam non (3.789 giao vien). Cac tinh thieu nhieu nhat la Ben Tre. Hau
Giang (734 giao vicn); tiep den la cae tinh Tien Giang. Tra Vinh. Sdc Trang... Tinh
Kien Giang, Dong Thap la dia phuong khdng thieu giao \ ien mam non.
t. Ve ngdn sdch ddu tu cho gido due mdm non
Ngoai ngan sach Nha nudc. ngan sach dia phuong ciia mpt so tinh trong
vung tiep tuc dau tu cho nganh giao due lang ban so vol nam trudc nhu cac
linh An Giang, Sdc Trang... va kinh phi van dpng lir cac nguon xa hpi boa ticp
tuc tang. Nganh giao due da danh mpi khoan kinh phi kha ldn de phan bo cho
cac trudng duy tu. sira chiJa, nang cap co sd vat chat lao dieu kien thuan lpi
cho cac trudng thu nhan tre dau nam.
Nguon chi lir ngan sach cho boat dpng giao due. dao tao. boi duong tuy
da dupc cai thien rat nhieu so vdi thdi gian trudc nhung khong dii dap ung yeu
cau tir cac chuong trinh. dc an ldn ciia nganh nhu: Dc an Pho cap giao due mam
non cho tre em 5 tuoi. chuong trinh Kicn co hda trudng Idp va nha cdng \u cho
giao vien...
Thuc hien chii truong tiet kiem ehi thudng xuyen 20% trong tdng kinh
phi boat dpng cung anh hudng den vice can ddi thu, chi ciia cac trudng mam
non, nhat la cac don vi cd quy md nhd. Nguon thu tir xa hdi hda chua nhicu.
Thiet bi cong nghe thdng tin ciia nhieu trudng mam non dupc trang bi trudc

day. qua nhieu nam sir dung, chua dupc bo sung, thay the kip thdi. Co sd vat
chat tnrdng, Idp chua dap img dieu kien de md rpng quy md giao due mam non
dang dat nhijng yeu cau buc xuc ciia viing.

TAP CHf TAM l y HOC, S6' 2 (215), 2 - 2017

59


d. Ve sd tnrdng dgt chudn qudc gia
Sd ttucmg mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dat chuan qudc
gia dupc the hien qua bang sau:
Bdng 3: Sd tnrdng mdm non dgt chudn qudc gia & cdc tinh
ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ddu ndm hpc 2016 -2017
TT

Don v i

So trirong

So trirffng dat
chuan quoc gia

Tx le %

1

An Giana

201

20

9.95

2

Bac Lieu

88

42

53.16

3

Ben Tre

176

31

17.61

4

Ca Mau

131

57

43.51

5

Dong Thap

191

40

21,98

6

II9U Giang

85

45

52,94

7

Kicn Giang

151

31

20,53

8

Long An

209

96

45,93

9

Soc Trang

134

38

31,40

10

Ticn Giang

188

29

15,43

11

Tra Vinh

120

10

8,33

12

VTnh Long

129

29

22,48

Sd truimg mam non dai chuan qudc gia trong viing dupc tang len. Tinh
cd tx Ip trucmg mam non dat chuan qudc gia cao nhjl la Bac Lieu: 53,16%, Hau
Giang: .52,94°i).. Mdt sd tinh ed ty lc Irudng m4m non dat chuSn qudc gia dai
thjp nhu Tra Vinh: 8.33%, An Giang: 9,95%.,,
So vdi cac cap hpc tieu hpc va trung hpc co sd trong vung, mam non ia

cap hoc CO ly le trudng dat chuan qudc gia thap nhSt: mJiTi non chiSm ty lc
26,41%; tieu hpc chidm ty le 39,26%; trung hpc co sd chidm ty lc 36,77%,
,., Vc CO so vdt chdt cua ngdnh mdm non
Tinh trang kha phd bien cua cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cuu Long la thidu
phdng hpc de md rdng quy md phat trien giao due mam non. I'ir dd, eac dja
phuong da muim eo sa xiit chjl cua cae trudng phd thdng tren cimg dja ban dcmd Idp mam non.

60

TAP CHITAM LV HOC, S 6 2 (21.5). 2 - 2017


Bdng 4: Sd phdng hpc muon tgm cua cdp hpc mdm non &
cdc linh ddng bdng sdng Ciru Long ndm hoc 2016-2017
TT

Don X j

So phong hoc
mu-on tam

So phong hoc miro'n tam
danh cho m a m non

1

An Gianp

45

45

2

Bac Lieu

38

35

3

Ben Tre

0

0

4

Ca Mau

316

316

5

Dong Thiip

236

236

6

Hau Giang

0

0

7

Kien Giang

128

30

8

Long An

47

10

9

Soc Trang

422

367

10

Tien Giang

59

;3

11

Tra Vinh

0

0

12

VTnh Long

86

86

1.377

1.116

T o n g cong

Theo thdng kc tir cac tinh. tinh den thang 1 2017. sd phdng hpc mupn tam
trong loan viing la 1.377 phdng. Trong dd. cap hpc mam non mugnn la 1.116
phdng. chiem ty lc 81.0% so vdi long sd phdng hpc mupn tam.
Theo bao cao ciia cac tinh. linh trang nhap cu vdi nhicu tre cm trong dp
tudi di hpc d khu dan cu mdi. khu che xuat. khu cdng nghiep d nhicu dia phuong
da tao sire ep va tinh trang qua tai ddi vdi he thdng trudng. tdp cdng lap. nhat la
trudng. Idp mam non. Ben canh dd. linh trang hdi huong ciia Vicl kieu d cac
viing giap bien gidi nhu: Kicn Giang. Long An. Ddng Thap. An Giang... T hue
Ic cho thay. trong dd cd rat nhieu ngudi khdng cd hd SCT. hp tjch. hp khau, gun
khai sinh. gay khd khan ve nhieu mat trong cdng tac hu\ dpng tre ra Idp.
Do su lac ddng lii mai trai ciia nen kinh lc thj trudng tiep tuc lao ra nhdng
(hach thirc \c dicu kien va co hpi hpc tap cho con em nhan dan. nhdt la khoang
each chenh lech giua hg giau \a hd ngheo; giira thanh thi va ndng thdn: \ung

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. Sd 2 (215).

61


sau. xung \a. xung khd khan cung da anh hudng ddn cdng tac huy dpng tre. thyc
hien muc tieu phd cap giao due mam non tre 5 ludi mang linh ben x'img.
Mpt sd dia phuong thieu nhan xien x te cd Irinh dp dat chuan. anh hudng
den cham sdc sue khde ban dau cho tte ttong cac co sd giao due inam non.
Cap hpc Giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Cim Long dupc

xem la vung triing cua giao due mam non ca nudc. Theo thdng ke cua Bd Giao
due va Dao tao. den cudi nam hpc 2015-2016. toan vung hiix dpng xiio nha Ire"
chi dat khoang 10.6%. huy ddng tre vao hpc mau giao chi dat 75.0" n; trong khi dd.
mat bang chung ca nudc. huy dpng tte dudi 3 tudi dat tren 25.0" o x'a huy dpng tre
mau giao dat tten 88.0%. Xguyen nhan la do mang ludi truimg mam non d cae
linh trong khu vyc cdn kha phan tan. dien tich nhieu tririmg cdn chat hep. khd md
rpng qux md; tinh ttang thieu phdng hpc cdn kha phd bien: sd phdng hpc mupn
tam, hpc nhd cdn nhieu, Mdt sd linh chua bd tri du giao x ien mam non theo
TTidng tu lien tjch sd OdATLT-BGDDT-BNV ngay 16 3 2015 cua Bp Giao due
va Dao lao x'a Bd Npi vu: cdng lac xii hdi hda chua thu hut dupc nhicu ngudn xdn
dau tu...
3. Ket luan
Bite tranh chung ve giao due mam non d cac tinh ddng bang song Cuu
Long dang ddi hdi phai cd nhimg chinh sach dac thu. quan lam dau lu ngudn lyc
cho cac dja phucmg trong vung. Hai ngudn lyc chinh can tap trung la con ngudi
xa lai chinh. Rieng ngudn lyc lai chinh can cd sy dau lu lu ngan sach Nha nudc
va huy ddng loan xa hpi dc phat Iricn giao due cua vung. Cac dia phuimg can cd
chinh sach quyet liet hon nira eho giao due mam non. dae biet chu trpng ngudn
lyc trong nhan dan va phat huy cac giai phap thyc hien xa hdi hda giao due.
Ngudn lye eon ngudi dang can cd co che. chinh sach rieng cho cac dja phuong
cdn gap khd khan. Dc thoat khdi vung trung vc giao dye va dao tao ndi chung xii
giao due mam non ndi riling, giao due va dao tao d cac tinh ddng bang sdng Ciru
Long dang chd dpi Chinh phu sdm phe duyet De an phat trien giao due. dao tao
xa giao due nghe nghiep vung ddng bang sdng Cuu Long giai doan 2016 - 2020.
Tai lieu tham khao
1. Han Chap hanh Trung uong Dang. Xghi quyit .sd 29-\QTIV ngdy 4/11/2013 vi
Ddi mdi can ban. lodn dien gido due vd diu) /oo. 2013.
2. Bd Giao due va Dao tao, Bdo cdo Idng ket 10 ndm phdt Irien gido due mam non
2016.

62

TAPCHITAMLVHOC. Sd2 (215). 2 - 2017


3. Bo Giao due va Dao tao. Bdo cdo tdng kit ndm hgc 2015 - 2016 vd phirang hirdng
nhiem vu gido due mdm non ndm hgc 2016 - 201", 2016.
4. So Giao due - Dao lao Long An. Bdo cdo ket qua thuc hieu nhiem vu ndm hgc
21)15 - 2016 cita cdc Sa Gido due vd Ddo tgo vimg thi dua 6 (Ldn 2). 2016.
5. Sd Giao due va Dao tao Sdc Trang. Bdo cdo irien khai nhiem vu ddu nam hgc 2(116
- 2017 cua cum thi dua X. 2016.

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC. Sd 2 (215). 2 - 2017

63