Điều kiện sống của công nhân có rối loạn tâm thần ở khu công nghiệp biên hòa

TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC DONG NAI, S6 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

DIEU KIEN SONG CUA C O N G NHAN CO ROI LOAN
TAM THAN Cf KHU C 6 N G NGHIEP BIEN HOA 2
TkS. Li Mink Cong^
TOM

TAT

Ddng Nai la mgt tinh eong nghiep nam trong khu tam gide kinh te trgng diim
phia Nam. Hien nay, Dong Nai ed khodng han 30 khu cong nghiip v&i han 420 ngdn
cdng nhdn, da sd cdng nhdn la ddn nhdp cu tie cde tinh phia Bde, Trung vd Tdy Nam
bg. Dieu kien sdng vd diiu kiin ldm viie eung nhu dge diim eua viec di ddn da ndy
sinh nhieu vdn de kho khdn ddi v&i ngu&i cdng nhdn, mgt trong nhirng vdn de do la
tinh trgng rdi logn tdm thdn. Nghiin cuu dugc khdo sdt tren 840 cdng nhdn tgi khu
cdng nghiep Biin Hda 2 di sdng lge ra 120 ngu&i ed rdi logn tdm thdn (chiim
14.29%), tie do xem xet diiu kiin sdng ciia hg nhu the ndo. Kit qud nghiin ciru thong
ke md td cho thdy. da so cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tdm thdn cd thu nhdp thdp, diiu kien
song khdng ddm bdo, dp luc cdng viec vd mdi tru&ng ldm viic khdng ddm bdo.
Tir khda: Rdi logn tdm thdn, dieu Men sdng, diiu kien ldm viec, cdng nhdn,
Khu cdng nghiip Bien Hda 2

l.Datv4nd^
Trong nhirng nam qua, thuc hien
dudng ldi ddi mdi ciia Dang va Nhd
nudc, Ddng Nai da kip thai nam bat van
hgi mdi, khai thdc van dung tidm nang,
lgi the d dia phuang, tich cue thu hiit
ddu tu frong va ngodi nude, ddy manh

san xudt kinh doanh, phat trien cdng
nghigp, dich vu, ndng nghigp, gidi quydt
viec lara, chuyen dich ca cdu kinh te
theo hudng cdng nghi?p - dich vu ndng nghiep, tgo nen kinh td lien tgc
phat trien vdi tdc do cao.
Song song vdi viec phdt trien
kinh td cua tinh nhd, dgi ngu cdng nhan
lao ddng (CNLD) d Ddng Nai cung
phat friln khd nhanh, cd nhidu biln
dgng d cdc thdnh phdn kinh te tang
nhanh d cdc doanh nghiep til nhan,
doanh nghiep cd von ddu hi nudc ngoai
vd gidm frong cac doanh nghiep nhd
'Trudng D?i hoc KHXH & NV TP H6 Chi Minh

nudc. Hien nay, toan tinh Ddng Nai cd
khoang hon 30 khu cdng nghiep, hon
420 ngdn cdng nhan. Da sd cdng nhdn,
ngudi lao ddng tai cac khu cdng nghidp
la ddn nhdp cu tu nhieu tinh thanh frdn
cd nudc. Chl do luang, didu kidn lam
vide, thidu thdn vdt chdt, nhd d khiln
ddi sdng cua cdng nhdn gap rat nhidu
khd khan.
Trong thdi gian qua, cae cap
nganh tai Ddng Nai da cd gdng rdt
nhieu trong vide ndng cao ddi sdng cua
ngudi cdng nhdn. Tuy nhidn vdn con
nhidu van de dang dgt ra cdn phdi giai
quyet nham giiip ngudi cdng nhdn cd

radt cugc sdng thodi raai ea ve vat chdt
lan tinh than, giiip hg an tdm cdng tdc
va cd thd dinh cu lau dai.
Trong thdi gian qua, tai khoa
Khdm benh ciia Benh vien Tara than
Ttrung uong 2, chiing tdi ghi nhan cd su


TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HOC BONGNAI, SO 03-2016
gia tang ngudi benh ddn khara la cdng
nhan tgi cac khu cdng nghi?p. Rat nhieu
tmh ti^g rdi loan tara thdn nhu fram
cam, lo au, rdi logn dang co thd, sfress,
loan than,... md ngudi cdng nhan
thudng mdc phai. Nam 2006, chung tdi
cd triln khai radt dd tdi nghien cftu cap
CO sd vd cho thdy ket qud cd khoang 20
- 25% cdng nhdn nu tai cac khu cdng
nghidp d TP. Bidn Hda cd rdi logn hon
hgp lo au va trara cdra, cao hon nhidu
so vdi cac cdng ddng khac. Tuy nhien
cd radt thuc frgng la da sd cdng nhan
khdng dli tidn dd kham va dieu trj dftng
phdc dd, do dd tinh frgng benh tdt ngay
cang nang va gia tang lam cho ddi sdng
cua hg cdng khd khan. Ddng thdi vdi do
Id viec ngudi cdng nhan ciing nhu
ngudi qudn ly lao ddng khdng cd nhieu
hieu biet de phdng ngua tinh frang rdi
loan tdm thdn. Dieu dd cho thdy ty le rdi

logn tara than d cdng nhdn ngdy cdng
tang.
De nghien ciru dilu kien sdng
nhu Id mdt frong cac yeu td nguy co ddn
tdi rdi loan tam than d cdng nhdn tai cac
khu cdng nghidp, chung tdi tridn khai de
tai nghien cftu "Didu kien sdng cua cdng
nhdn cd roi logn tam thdn tai Khu Cdng
nghiep Bidn Hda 2". Muc dich cu till cua
nghien cftu ndy nhdm xdc dinh cae dieu
kidn sdng, dieu kien ldm viec eua cdng
nhdn cd rdi logn tdra tiidn tgi Khu Cdng
nghidp Bidn Hda 2, tu dd dl xudt mdt sd
kien nghi giup nang cao chdt lugng sftc
khde tdm than ciia cdng nhan.
2. Phuffng phap nghidn cuii
2,1. Mdu ngkiin ciru
Mdu nghidn eim dugc phdn ra 2 giai dogn:

ISSN 2354-1482 "

- Giai doan 1, xac dinh ty le roi
loan tdm thdn d cdng nhan. 6 giai dogn
nay chung tdi nghien cftu tren 840 cdng
nhan tai Khu Cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2,
Ddng Nai dl khdo sat sdng lgc ty Id mgt
sd rdi loan tara thdn d cdng nhan (rdi
logn frdm cam, rdi logn lo au, suy
nhugc, rdi logn gidc ngu). Mdu nghien
euu dugc xac dinh la: 210 cdng nhdn a

nhdra cdng ty ngdnh nghe san xudt co
khi, didn; 210 cdng nhdn d nhdra ngdnh
nghi san xudt ddt, raay mac; 2010 cdng
nhan d nhdm nganh nghd sdn thuc
phdm; 210 cdng nhan d nhdm nganh
nghd sdn xudt vat lieu xay dung.
- Giai doan 2, nghien cftu mdt sd dieu
kidn sdng cua cdng nhdn ed rdi loan tam
thdn. d giai dogn ndy, chiing toi tien
hdnh khdo sdt fren 120 cdng nhan dugc
xdc dinh mac mOt frong 4 rdi logn tdm
than d giai doan I.
2.2. Pkuang pkdp nghiin cuu
Phuang phdp nghien cftu dugc
chiing tdi thiet kd theo phuong phap md
ta cdt ngang.
- u giai doan nghien cftu xac
dinh ty le rdi loan tam thdn d cdng
nhdn, chftng tdi sft dgng cac tiac
nghidra ed dft do tin cdy dd khdo sdt
sang lgc, sau dd chiing tdi sft dgng cac
tieu chuan cd frong Bang tidu chudn
chdn doan bdnh tdt ciia td chftc y tl die
gidi (ICD - 10) dl phdng van lam sang
va xac dinh ro roi logn tara than d cdng
nhdn.
- O giai doan nghien cftu cac
dieu kien sdng cua cdng nhdn, chiing tdi
xay dung bang khao sat tti didn ve cac
dgc diem tam ly - xa hdi va dilu ki?n

ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016
sdng cua cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tdm thdn
dugc chung tdi thidt ke dua vao cdc
mien do nhu sau: ydu td thu nhap cua
cdng nhan (3 iem); yiu td dieu kign
sdng (6 item); yeu td dieu kien noi ldra
vide (4 iera); ddi sdng van hda - tmh
thdn (6 iem); ddi sdng tinh cdm (5 item)
vd mdt sd bien phu thudc lidn quan den
3. Ket qua nghiSn ciru
3.1. Dgc diim mdu ngkien ciru

do tudi, hgc van, ITnh vgc cdng viee.
kinh nghiem, nguydn qudn, hdn nhan.
Ngodi ra, chftng tdi sft dgng
phuang phdp phdng vdn sau de lam
sang td vdn dd nghien cftu.
Thu philu va xft ly sd lieu vdi
phdn mira SPSS 11.5.

Bdng 1. D^e diem mdu ngkien ciru
N

S a c diem

Tyl?(%)

Tinh trang roi loan

Tram cam

Nhe

56

6,19

tam than

(n = 61; 7,26%)

Vita

6

0,71

Nang

3

0,35

Roi loan lo au

30

3,57

Suy nhuac

97

11,5

Roi loan giac ngu

80

9,5

Nam

43

53,8

NO

77

64,2

18-25

48

40

26-35

63

52,8
7,5

(N = 840)

Gioi (N=I20)
Tu6i CN = 120)

Tr6n 36

9

Hoc van

Tieu hoc

0

(N = 120)

THCS

19

15,8

THPT

62

51,7

Trung cap

31

25,8

Cao dang, dai hpc

8

6,7

LTnh virc nghe nghiep

San xuat ca khi, dien

37

30,8

(N=120)

Det, may mac

50

41,7

Thuc pham

25

20,8

V^t li?u xay d\mg

8

6,7

Duai 5 nam

58

48,3

nghi?p

5 - 1 0 nam

41

34,2

(N=120)

Tren 10 nam

21

17,5

Kinh nghiem ngh6

0


TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

3.2. Bgc diim diiu kiin sdng, dieu kien ldm viic cua cdng nhan co rk
logn tdm tkdn tqi Khu Cong nghidp Bien Hoa 2
3.2.1. Thu nhqp vd cki tiiu
Bdng 2. Thu nhgp cua cong nhan
Nguon thu nhap

Muc thu nhSp
>5
trieu

Til
luang
caban

<1,5
trieu

1,5-2,5
trieu

N(120)

11

22

61

11

31

Tyle

10,5

21

58,1

10,5

29,5

2,55
trieu

Tli lirang
ca ban va
luang tang
gio

Khac

45

Luang
caban.
tang gio
v^
thudng
27

42,9

25,7

1,9

2

(%)
Bdng 2 cho thdy cdng nhan ed
rdi loan tara thdn da sd cd thu nhdp tu
2,5-5 ttidu ddng (58,1%), va 1,5-2,5
ttidu/thang (21%), ty le cdng nhan cd
rdi loan tdm than cd thu nhap frdn 5
tridu/thdng chilm ty Id khdng nhidu
(10,5%), dac biet cd nhieu edng nhdn cd
rdi logn tam thdn chi cd thu nhap dudi
1,5 ttieu/tiidng (10,5%). Tuy nhidn
ngudn thu nhdp ciia cdng nhdn lgi chu
yeu tft luong co bdn va luong tang gid,
tidn thudng dudng nhu la rat it vdi cdng
nhan vd rat it cdng nhdn cd ngudn thu
nhdp til cdc hogt ddng khdc. Kit qud
cho thdy da phdn cdng nhdn cd thu nhgp

luong tang gid. Nghien cftu thuc tl cho
thdy, vdi cdc khoan chi tieu dat dd, till
khoan luong dudi 5 trieu la rdt kho
khan vdi ddi sdng cua cdng nhan. Trong
khi do, da phdn edng nhdn phdi lam
tang ca rat nhidu de cd thi dgt dugc
raftc tiiu nhap nhu vay. Tru&ng hgp H.
N (nir, 26 tudi, cong nhdn cdng ty d?t):
em ldm a day dd 5 ndm rdi nhung
luang ca bdn chi dugc han 4 Pieu,
ngdy ndo cdng phdi tdng ca den 6 - 7
gi& toi thi m&i cd thu nhdp cao, cdc

khodn ehi phi hdng thdng eiing dat do
vd ngudn thu nhu vgy ciing rdt kho
khdn.

dudi 5 trieu va chu yiu Id tii luong va
Bdng 3. Muc chi trd kdng tkdng cko sinh koqt, dn udng
Chi tra hSng thang

N

Tyle(%)

< 500000

26

21.7

500000- 1500000

58

48.3

1500000-3000000

27

22.5

> 3000000

9

7.5

TSng

120

100.0


TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC B 6 N G NAI, SO 03 -

Bdng 3 cho thay da phdn cdng
nhdn cd rdi logn sftc khde tam thdn diu
chi trd cho cdc dich vg thiet ydu nhu an
udng, sinh hogt chi khoang 500 ngan 1,5 trieu ddng (58,3%), muc chi frd tu
1,5 ttidu - 3 ttidu (22,5%), tiidm chi cd
den 21,7% chi fra cho an udng, sinh
hogt chi dudi 500 ngan dong, vd chi cd
7,5% cong nhdn ed tien d l chi frd cho
dich vu nay fren 3 frieu ddng. Vdi mgt
thanh phd loai 2 nhu Bidn Hda, mftc chi

2016

ISSN 2354-1482

frd cho dieh vu an udng va sinh boat cua
cdng nhdn nhu vdy Id qua thdp so vdi
cgng ddng. Nhilu cdng nhan chftng tdi
phdng vdn cho biet budi sdng chi an vdi
ngdn tidn an sdng, thara chi nhin an,
trua vd tdi thi dn d cdng ty vi lara tang
ca. Chi phi an udng va sinh hoat khd
khan nhu vdy ldm ngudi cdng nhan
khdng du sftc d l lam viec va cd thd dan
tdi suy nhugc.

Bdng 4. Cdc dick vu cki tid
Thli
Cac dich vv chi tra

N

Trung binh

SD

Tien an hang thang

120

1.1833

.40962

1

Tien thue nha

120

1.5250

.59356

2

120

1.5250

.66056

120

1.8833

.66337

Tien sinh hoat phi (bao gom quSn ao, mua
sSm vat dung ca nhan,..,)
Tien di chuyen
Cac dich vu van hoa - tinh than (xem

bac

2
3
4

120

2.0833

.62957

Tien gui ve que

120

2.1583

.78853

5

Chi khac (dam cuoi, sinh nhat,...)

120

2.6333

.64734

6

phim, di du lich, tham gia cac cau lac bp)

Mac dft vdi ngudn thu rdt ban
chl chi vdi trieu ddng I thdng, cdng
nhdn van phdi chi tra rat nhieu cdc
khodn khac nhau. 6 bdng 4 chftng tdi
chi dua ra cae dich vu chi tra la thiet
yeu nhat vdi ngudi cdng nhdn frong cac
sinh hoat hdng ngdy. Qua dd cho thay,
da phdn cdng nhdn chi tra cho tidn an
hdng ngdy frong thang (thft bac 1), tidn
thud nha va sinh boat phi (bac 2), tien di
chuyen den noi lam vi?c nhu xdng xe
hay tidn xe buyt (bde 3). Rat it kinh phi
dugc chi tra cho cdc hogt dgng nhu vui
chai giai tri, chu yiu Id uong ca phe va

cac hgi qudn hdt vdi nhau (bac 4), tien
giri cho gia dinh (bac 5) va cde khoan
chi phi khac nhu cd khach, dam cudi
(bae 6). Ket qud khdo sat cho thdy, mac
du chi chi frd cho cac dich vg thidt yiu
nhdt cua ca nhdn, cdng nhdn vdn rat khd
khdn frong van dd tdi ehinh vi ngudn
thu qua it di. Hg khdng ed du kinh phi
de tham gia cac hoat dgng van hda, tinh
thdn khdc. Hon the, da phdn cdng nhan
ddn tii cdc vung ndng thdn khd khan,
vi?c hg di lam la mudn giftp dd tai
chinh cho gia dinh. Tuy nhien qua bdng

khao sdt cho thay viec gui tidn ve nha


TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC B 6 N G NAI, SO 03 -

cfta hg Id rdt it, dieu nay lara cho hg cd
nhirng lo ldng vd kho khan ve cdm xuc.
Ddng thdi bang khdo sdt ciing cho thdy
hg dudng nhu khdng cd ngudn kinh phi
3.2.2. Yeu to diiu kiin song

ISSN 2354-1482

2016

chi frd cho van de kham vd didu tri benh
tdt, mgc dft hg dugc ddnh gia Id cd rdi
loan tdm than.

Bdng 5. Nffi sinh sing eua cong nhan
Noi sinh song

N

Ty le (%)

Thue phong song cung ban be

30

25.0

Thue phong song Cling gia dinh

42

35.0

Thue phong trp song mpt minh

28

23.3

0 cung gia dmh tai nha

17

14.2

Khac (a nha, a ky tuc xa,...)

3

2.5

120

100.0

Tong
Bdng 5 cho thdy da phdn cdng
nhdn phdi thue nhd de sdng (83,3%),
frong dd ty Id cdng nhdn thud nhd de sdng
cung gia dinh nhu anh chi era, bd me, vg/
chdng chiem 35%, cdng nhdn thue phdng
sdng cung ban be Id 25%, va thud phdng
sdng mdt minh la 23,3%. Chi ed rdt it
edng nhdn sdng ciing gia dinh tgi nhd
minh (nha ciia gia dinh, khdng phdi tiiue)
(14,2%), ngoai ra rdt it cdng nhdn d

nhiing noi khac, md chu yiu la d nhd nha
ngudi quen, vi cac cdng ty dudng nhu
chua cd he thdng ky tiic xd (2,5%). Kit
qud cho thay Id da phan cdng nhdn d cac
khu cdng nghidp la sdng d nhd time, cac
nhd thud ndy la cfta tu nhan xdy dgng d
gdn cac khu edng nghiep vd cho cdng
nhan thue vdi gia khoang tii 500,000 1,500,000 radt phdng, dieu kien ve sinh,
an toan khdng cao.

Bdng 6. Phuomg tiin di lgi
Phuomg ti^n di lai

N
27

Tylf(%)
22.5

Dibo

36

30.0

Di xe buyt

32

26.7

Xe cong ty dua nrac

3

2.5

Khac (xe may, di nha ban)

22

18.3

Tdng

120

100.0

Xedap


ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016
Bdng 6 eho tiidy phuong ti^n di
lai cua cdng nhan chft ydu la di bg
(30%), di xe buyt (26,7%), xe dap
(22,5%) hoac di xe may ca nhdn, di nhd
ban be (18,3%). Vi^c cdng nhdn dugc
di chuyin bdi xe dua rude cua cdng ty
la rat it (2,5%). Qua phdng vdn sdu cho
thay, raac du dudng tft chd frg ddn cdng
ty cung khdng gan nhung cdng nhdn
van chgn gidi phap di bd de cho do tdn
kera, hoac neu cd lua chgn phuang tien
di lai thi lua chgn xe dgp de di ehuyen
cung Id phucmg ti?n khdng tdn kem.
Nhidu ngudi d rat xa so vdi khu cdng
nghiep thi lua chgn phuang tidn la xe

buyt cdng cdng, sau dd di chuyen tft
dudng ldn vao cdng ty bang each di bOXe dua rude cua cdng ty dudng nhu rdt
it, hogc khdng bao gid td chftc cd ma Id
do cdc cd nhdn d ngoai mua xe, sau dd
hgp ddng vdi Cdng dodn cdng ty, nhdn
lam dich vu va cdng nhdn phdi trd tien
theo thang. Viec khd khan frong di

ehuyen lam cho ngudi cdng nhdn m^t
mdi sau gid ldm vide, nhat la khi phdi
lam theo chl do ca kip. Dieu nay ciing
phdn dnh ro Id vide ngudn thu nhap thap
nen cdng nhdn thudng chgn phuong
tidn it tdn kem nhdt.

Bdng 7. Dieu ki$n cko &
Thu

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Khong gian sinh hoat chung

120

1.5083

.53446

1

Nai ngii

120

1.6333

.63422

2

Nai niu an

120

1.8417

.75588

3

Dieu kien ve sinh

120

1.8500

.69391

4

Dieu kien anh sang

120

1.9583

.83410

5

Dieu iden cho &

Vide da phan cdng nhdn phdi
thue phdng d l d cung ddng nghia vdi
vide dieu kidn chd d rat hgn che. Bang 7
cho thay cdc dilu kidn anh sdng, ve
sinh, noi ndu an (thft bac 5, 4, 3) Id
khdng dam bdo nhat theo ddnh gia cua
cdng nhan. Ddng tiidi noi ngu cua cdng
nhan cung khdng dugc dam bdo (bac 2),
chi cd khdng gian sinh hoat chung la tdt

bac

hon ehftt. Tuy nhien khdng gian sinh
boat nay chi la khodng sdn nhd trudc
cdc nha frg, hogc radt khu dat frdng ndo
do rad cdng nhan cd thd ngdi ndi
chuyen, trao ddi vdo budi chieu tdi. Kdt
qud cho thay dieu kien an d cfta cdng
nhan rat khdng ddra bdo, dieu ndy dnh
hudng rat ldn den sftc khde ciia hg.

ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC BONGNAI, SO 03-2016
Bdng 8. Di$n tich cho &
Tyl6(%)

Dien tich chd &

N

<5m^

20

16.7

5 - 10m"

62

51.7

10-15m2

27

22.5

>I5m2

11

9.2

Tong

120

100.0

Ngodi dieu kidn khdng dara bdo
thi didn tich chd d ma cdng nhdn d, sinh
hogt ciing rat nhd. Da phdn cdng nhan
smh sdng d mdt dien tich Id 5-lOm^
(51,7%) va cd khoang 22% eong nhdn
sinh sdng vd sinh hogt d didn tich 1015m^, chi cd rat it cdng nhan sinh sdng
d phgra vi cd dien tich la fren I5ra ,
thara ehi cd cdng nhdn sdng d didn tich
dudi 5ra^. Qua phong van sdu va quan
sat thuc te, mac du cdng nhdn phdi sdng

d dien tich rdt nhd nhu vdy nhung van
phai ehia se chd d cfta minh vdi 1-2
tham chi la 3 ban khac dd ed thd giam
chi tidu. Mdt sd cdng nhan dugc d va
sinh boat didn tich rgng hon Id do d
Cling gia dinh hogc ngudi than, cdn
dudng nhu cae cdng nhdn d edc dien
tich nho Id d cac phdng frg cua cac ca
nhdn d gdn khu cdng nghidp xdy tgm

cho thud.

Bdng 9. An ninh, trgt tif nffi &
Mat trom do
Thudng xuyen

Tyie

Quan

N

(%)

lugng an ninh

38

31.7

Quan

tam

ciia

tam

xuyen

luc

thuang

N

Tyle(%)

43

35.8

Thinh thoang

64

53.3

it khi quan tam

67

55.8

Khong xay ra

18

15.0

Khong quan tam

10

8.3

Tong

120

100.0

Tong

120

100.0

Bang 9 cho thdy d cdc khu nhd
frg, hay nai d cua cong nhdn thudng
xuyen hogc thinh thodng mdt dd la rat
cao (85%). Dieu ndy cho thdy vl frat tii,
an ninh noi cdng nhan sinh slug rdt
khdng dam bao, gdy anh hudng din tam
ti^g thgm chi tinh mang cua ngudi
cdng nhan. Tuy vay cdc Iuc lugng an

ninh dudng nhu lgi khdng quan tdm,
hogc rat it khi quan tdm, cd din 64,1%
cdng nhdn cho rang luc lugng an ninh

rdt it hogc khdng quan tdra den van de
an ninh frat tu d noi d. Vd chi cd 35,8%
cdng nhdn cho rang luc lugng an ninh
thudng xuyen quan tdra den cho d ciia
hg. Ket qud cho thdy an nmh frat til noi


ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHI KHOA HQC - DAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016
d cfta cdng nhdn la khdng ddm bdo, didu
khd khan. Thuc tl, vide mdt frgm dd
hay ddnh nhau, thdm chi giet nhau tai

ndy ldm cho hg lo ldng vd gap rat nhieu
cdc khu nhd frg ciia cdng nhan frong
tiidi gian qua da cho thdy didu nay.

3.2.3. Bieu kifn nffi ldm viec
Bdng 10. Bieu kiin nffi ldm viec
Thu bac

Di^u kifn noi lam vifc

N

Mean

Std. Deviation

Dien tich nai lam viec

120

1.5583

.65844

Do am, nong

120

2.0667

.71870

3

Dieu kien anh sang

120

2.0500

.76532

4

Dieu kien tieng 6n

120

2.4667

.75519

2

Moi quan he v6i d6ng nghiep

120

1.8750

.82566

6

M6i quan he vai quan ly

120

2.0333

.80891

5

Ch4t lupng biia an tai cong ty

120

2.5417

.77672

1

Bdng 10 cho thdy cdc dilu kien
ldm viec cua ngudl cdng nhan
thudng la khdng tdt vdi diem lech chudn
diu frdn 0.5. Cac dilu kien cd diem
trung binh cao the hidn dilu kien nai ldm
vide thdp. Theo ddnh gia cua cdng nhdn
till cdc dilu kien noi lam viec dugc nhdn
xet Id khdng tdt vd dnh hudng ddn chat
lugng sdng va didu kien lara vide, sftc
khde cfta hg la :chdt lugng bua an (1),
dilu kidn tilng dn (2), do ndng dm (thu
bac 3), didu kien dnh sang (tiift bac 4).
Cdc didu kidn khac nhu mdi quan he vdi
qudn Iy (bgc 5), mdi quan he vdi ddng
nghidp (bgc 6), va dien tich nai ldm vide
(bac 7) khdng phdi Id vdn dd ldn lam vdi
hg. Kit qud nghien cftu cho thay, ehdt
lugng biia an, didu kidn tieng dn, do am,
dnh sang la nhung van de gdy nhieu khd
khan cho ngudi cdng nhan. Cdc yeu td
khdc nhu mdi quan he hay dien tich
khdng phdi la van d l khd khdn vdi edng

nhdn. Dilu nay phft hgp vdi didu kien

7

ldm viec cua cdng nhdn khi cd ngdy hg
phai tap trung vdo cdng viec, it c6 thdi
gian de tuang tdc vdi cac ddng nghiep,
hay cap frdn. Ddng thai, cdc cdng ty khi
xay dung thudng chft y den dien tieh
nhung lgi khdng quan tdm den cac dieu
kidn vdt ly khae nhu dd dn, anh sang.
Bdng 11. Bi dp luc nai ldm viec
Ap luc noi lam

vifc

N

Thuang xuyen

32

26.7

Thinh thoang

75

62.5

Hiem khi

11

9.2

Khong bao gio

2

1.7

120

100.0

Tong

Tyle(%)

Khi dugc hdi anh chi cd thudng
xuydn bj dp luc hay cang thang d noi
lara vide khdng? Cd den 62,5% cdng
nhan cho rang cd thinh thodng bi ap luc
va cdng thdng noi lam vide, 26,7% cdng


ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHi KHOA HOC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016

nhdn cho rang thudng xuyen cho rang
rat thudng xuydn bi dp lue noi ldm viee,
vd cd rdt it ngudi eho rang hiem khi
(9,2%) hoac khdng bao gid (1,7%) bi dp
luc noi ldm viec (bdng II). Ket qud
nghien cuu nay cho thay dieu kien noi
lam vide khdng phdi la nai an todn vdi
3.2.4. D&i song van kda —tinhthdn

cdng nhan, hg thudng xuyen bj trai
nghidra sfress tieu cue va dp luc, cang
thdng noi edng vigc. Dieu nay cung
ddng nghia Id dieu kien noi lam viec cd
thd la nguyen nhan cua cdc rdi logn tdm
thdn d cdng nhan.

Bdng 12. Td chuc cdc hogt dgng van hoa - tki tkao tiong cdng ty
To chirc cac hoat ddng
Tylf

van hoa - the thao trong
congty

N

(%)

Thuong xuyen

37

30.8

Thinh thoang

65

54.2

Hiem khi

11

9.2

Khong bao gia

7

5.8

120

100.0

Tong
Bdng 12 cho thay da sd cdng ty
chi thinh thodng td chftc cde hogt ddng
van hda the thao frong cdng ty cho
ngudi lao ddng (54,2% ngudi frd ldi),

chi cd 37 % cdng nhan cho rang cdng ty
ed thudng xuyen td chftc cae boat ddng
nay, va cd khoang 9,2% cdng nhdn cho
rdng hidm khi edng ty td chftc cac hogt
ddng nay, 5,8% thi cho rdng khdng bao
gid cdng ty td chftc cdc boat ddng van
hda - the thao. Ket qud nghien cftu nay
cho thdy, rage du da sd cdc cdng ty cd

td chftc cac hogt dgng van hda - the
thao. Tuy nhien cac boat ddng ndy vdn
chua dugc to chuc mdt cdch rdng rai,
phong phu vd cd ehdt lugng. Thdm chi
cd nhieu cdng ty chi td chftc cho mdt bg
phdn van phdng tham gia, bode chi tl
chftc eho rat it cdng nhan tham gia, dieu
nay the hien d bang 13 khi da sd cdng
nhdn cho rang chi mdt sd it ngudi dugc
tham gia edc hogt dgng vdn hda - the
tiiao d cdng ty (50%).

Bdng 13. Mirc dp tkam gia edc kogt dgn vdn koa ~ tki tkao tiong cong ty
Muc df tham gia cac hoat don van h6a - thg
thao trong cong ty

N

Dong dao mpi nguoi tham gia soi n6i

25

Tyle

(%)
20.8


TAP CHl KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONO NAI, SO 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

Chi mpt so it nguoi tham gia boat dpng

60

50.0

Rat it khi t6 chiic

28

23.3

Chua bao gia t6 chiic
T5ng

Bdng 14. Tham gia cdc kogt ddng van
Tham gia cac
Tyle

hda cong d&ng

N

(%)

Thuang xuyen

44

36.7

Thinh thoang

42

35.0

Hiem khi

24

20.0

Chira bao gia

10

8.3

Tong

120

100.0

5.8
100.0

tham gia cdc hogt ddng nay (63,3%
ngudi fra Idi), co 36,7% ngudi duge hdi
frd ldi Id cd tham gia cdc hogt ddng nay.
Qua phdng van sdu thi da phan eho rdng
cac hoat dgng cdng ddng ndy chu yiu la
cac dgt dodn Id td vd td chftc cdc hogt
dgng hat cdi lucmg ban Id td tai cdc khu
nhd frg, hoac xem phim d cde qudn cd
phd,... Dudng nhu cdng nhan khdng cd
khdi niera den cdc khu vui choi gidi tri
nhu khu xem phira, hay cdc khu giai tri
khde. Thuc tl hien nay d Khu Cdng
nghiep Bien Hda 2 ciing khdng cd rieng
radt khu vui choi gidi tri eho ngudi lao
ddng, do do cd thd ndi chat lugng cdc
dich vu giai tii cfta cdng nhan la rat kera
va dudng nhu khdng cd.

koa cpng dong
hoat dfng van

7
120

Khi dugc hdi mftc do tham gia
cdc hoat dgng van hda van nghe edng
ddng nhu di xem phim, xem kieh, ca
nhgc,... thi da sd diu eho rdng thinh
thoang, hidm khi, hogc chua bao gid

Bdng 15. Su dung cdc pkwffng tien tiuyin tkong
Sir dung cac phuong
tifn truyen thong

N

Mean

Std.
Deviation

Thub^c

Ti vi

120

1.6500

.93170

Dai radio

120

2.0583

1.07137

3

Bao, tap chi

120

2.0250

.87411

4

May tinh, intemet

120

2.3667

.95207

2

Phuong tien khac

120

3.1333

.97819

1

Valid N (Iistwise)

120

39

5


TAP CHi KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016
Khdng chi rat it dugc tham gia
cdc hogt dgng vui chai giai tri, hoac ed
thi eae boat dgng khdng dap ftng dugc
chdt lugng dich vu, cdng nhan tgi cdc
khu cdng nghiep cdn bi han che sft dung
cdc phuong tien truyen thdng khdc.
Bdng 15 cho thdy phuang tien sft dung
chu yeu cua cdng nhdn Id ti vi vd dai
radio, cdc phuong tien khac nhu bao
chi, may tinh, intemet dudng nhu rat it

dugc hg sft dung. Phdng van sau ciing
cho thdy, cdng nhdn thudng khdng cd
dieu kien tilp xuc vdi cdc phuang tidn
truydn thdng. 0 cac khu nhd frg, chi cd
mdt, hai phdng cd ti vi (thudng la ca gia
dinh d chung), cdc phdng khac sau khi
dn cam tdi xong thudng din xera nhd
vd ddy c6 the la kenh thdng tin sft dgng
nhidu. Nhidu cdng nhan thi su dung
dien thogi di ddng dd vdo cac dai phdt
thanh, ddy eiing ed thi dugc coi la kenh
thdng tin phd thdng ciia ngudi cdng
nhan.
Bdng 16. Bi kpc ndng cao tiinh dp
ckuyin man
Di hoc nSng cao
trinh df chuyen

Tylf

mon

N

(%)

Co

61

50.8

IGlong

59

49.2

Total

120

100.0

Bdng 16 eho thdy, mac dii rdt
khd khan ve dieu kidn kinh tl Ian thdi

ISSN 2354-1482

gian ldm vide, cdng nhdn van co gdng
tham gia cac chuong trinh hgc dl nang
cao trinh do, chuyen radn, cac ldp hoc
ndy da phan la ldp hgc vdo budi tdi
hodc chu nhdt, nhu cac ldp bd ttic, hgc
nghi (cd 50,8% cdng nhdn fra ldi co
thara gia cae Idp hgc them). Didu ndy
phdn anh dung thuc td la cdng nhdn tai
Khu Cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2 chu yiu
tft raidn Tnmg va mien Bde, hg vdo
Bidn Hda lam viec chu yeu de mong ddi

ddi, ndn vide cd gdng va tu tftc hgc tdp
Id cdch md hg cho rang cd the giiip hg
thodt khdi cudc sdng cdng nhdn. Viec
hgc tap, cdng vide dp luc, khd khan
kinh te cdng ldm cho hg met mdi, cang
thang ban. Mac du vdy nhidu ngudi khi
hoan tat vide hgc vdn khdng xin dugc
cdng viee tdt hon, vdn phai lam cdng
nhdn va dieu ndy cdng Iam cho tara
frgng Clia hg cdng thdng.
4. Ban luSin
Ket qua nghien cftu cua ching
tdi cho thdy da sd cdng nhan cd thu
nhdp tft 2,5-5 trieu, ngudn thu chu yeu
tft luong CO bdn va tang them, tuy nhien
viec chi fra cho ragi dich vu hang thang
lai chi til khodng 0,5-1,5 trieu. Dilu nay
phu hgp vdi thgc te cfta ddi sdng vat
ehat cfta ngudi cdng nhan, mac du ldm
lung rat vdt va, tang ca kip nhung thu
nhap rdt thdp nhung cac dich vu chi fra
cho ddi sdng cdn thdp hon rdt nhilu. Sd
kinh phi khodng 0,5-1,5 trieu Id chi su
dung cho vide thud tidn nhd, ra^t it tiln
an cdn hodn todn khdng sft dung vao
cdc dich vg khac. Do vdy ddi song vat
chat cua ngudi cdng nhdn rdt khd khan.


TAP CHI KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

Nghien cftu cua chiing tdi ciing phu hgp
vdi nghien cuu cua Trdn Van Liera
(2006).

thieu rat nhieu ngudn lgc va cd the ddy
hg vao frang thai sftc khde tara than
nhanh ban.

Kdt qua nghien cftu eung cho
thay da phdn edng nhdn phai thud
phdng frg dd sdng, didu kidn noi sinh
sdng ciing khdng ddra bdo vd khdng
gian, didn tich, va an ninh ttat tu. Dieu
ndy gdy tdra ly hoang raang, lo ldng vd
cang thang d ngudi cdng nhan. Dd cung
la ragt frong nhirng nguyen nhan ddn tdi
edc khd khan tdm ly vd cde rdi loan tam
than d hg.

5. K^t luan va kien nghi
S.L Kit ludn
- Da sd cdng nhan cd rdi loan
tam thdn cd thu nhdp thap, thu nhap chft
yeu la luang va ldm thdm gid.
- Muc chi fra eho cac dich vu
cfta cdng nhan ed rdi loan tam than
thdp, da phan la cac dich vu nha d va an

udng, cdc dich vu ve ddi sdng tinh thdn
khdng cd hogc rat ban ehe.
- Da phdn cdng nhdn phdi thud
nha dl sdng, didu kien noi d ciing rat
han chd va kem, dgc biet Id didu kidn vd
dien tich, ve sinh, do am, an ninh frat tu.
- Da phdn edng nhdn cd rdi logn
tdm than thudng khdng ed phuong tien
di chuydn.
- Dieu kien noi ldm vide cfta
cdng nhdn cd rdi loan tdm thdn rdt kdm
theo danh gia cua edng nhan. Cae dilu
kien kera ehu yeu Id chat lugng biia an
(1), dieu kign tieng dn (2), do ndng ara
(thft bgc 3), dieu kidn dnh sdng (thft bac
4).
Cdng nhdn cd rdi logn tara
thdn cho bidt thudng xuyen bi dp luc
noi ldm vide.
- Ddi sdng van hda - tinh thdn
cung nhu cdc hinh thfte giai tri, cdc
phuang ti?n truyen thdng vdi ngudi
cdng nhan la rat kem, ban che, thdm chi
Id khdng cd.
- Nhieu cdng nhan cd di hgc
them nhimg khdng phai la hge nang cao
nghiep vu cdng vide md la di hgc radt
nganh nghe khdc.

Nghidn cftu cung cho thay dieu

kidn cho lam viec theo ddnh gia cfta
ngudi cdng nhdn Id rdt kem chat lugng.
Cdc didu kien nhu chat lugng bua an,
do dn, anh sdng, do dra,... la nhftng didu
ki^n theo ddnh gid Id rdt thdp. Ket qud
nghien cftu cfta chftng tdi phu hgp vdi
nghidn cftu cua mgt sd tdc gid khdc
trudc dd nhu La Thi Budi, Trdn Vidt
Nghi (2003) vd Trdn Van Liem (2006).
Chinh vi dieu dd md da sd cdng nhan
cho rang thudng xuyen hodc thinh
thoang bi dp luc nai ldm viec.
Nghien cuu cua chftng tdi cung
cho thdy, ddi sdng van hda tinh thdn cua
ngudi cdng nhdn la rat hgn chd. Ngudi
cdng nhdn dudng nhu rat it dugc tham
gia cdc hoat dgng van hda - van nghg
tgi cdng ty, rat it duge xem hoac sft
dung cdc phuong tidn truyen thdng, ban
chl dugc tham gia cdc boat ddng van
hda tmh than cdng cdng. Dieu nay ldm
eho ngudi cdng nhan khdng cd hinh
thftc gidi tri nao sau gid lara viec vd
vide phdng ngfta, chong do vdi sfress Id


TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

- Cai thien dieu kidn lara viec
eho ngudi lao dgng, nhat Id didu kien
bua an, noi lam viec.
- Ndng cao ddi sdng van hda
tinh thdn cho ngudi lao ddng tgi cac
cdng ty.
- Thdnh lap cac Phdng Tdra Vy td
chftc - nhdn su thudc cac Bd phgn td
chuc nhdn su cua cdng ty de hd frg ddi
sdng tinh thdn eua ngudi lao ddng.

5.2. Kien ngki
+ Ddi v&i cdc cff quan xdy dung
ckink sdck
Cdn nghien cftu xay dung
chmh sach vl chl do luong, thudng
ddm bao ed the du didu kien sdng cho
ngudi lao dgng.
- Xdy dung cac thidt che van hda
(cdng vien, trung tdm sinh hogt van
hda,.... ) tgi cdc khu cdng nghiep eho
cdng nhdn.
- Xdy dung cde khu nha ddnh
cho cdng nhdn tai cac khu cdng nghidp.
+ V&i cdc cong ty tuyen dung
vd su dung lao dpng
Hudn luyen de ndng cao
nghidp vg chuydn mdn vd cdc ky nang
tam ly - xa hdi cho ngudi lao dong.

-I- V&i cdc nghien curu tiep tkeo
- Md rgng phgm vi nghien cftu
de ed the danh gia mgt edeh rgng rai va
da dgng hon.
- Tgp trung sdu hon vdo nghien
cftu cac bien sd tdm ly cfta cdng nhdn co
rdi logn tdm than. Nghidn cftu mdi
tuong quan giua cac bidn de xem xet
ragt cdch sdu sac hon.

TAI LIEU T H A M K H A O
Tai lieu tieng Viet
1. La Thi Budi, Trdn Viet Nghi (2005), Nghien cieu siec khde tdm thdn cong
nhdn du&ng sdt Viet Nam, Tgp chi Y hgc thuc hdnh, Vol 3
2. La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2005), Nghien cuu sice khde tdm thdn &
nhdn vienyte ngdnh tdm thdn. Tap chi Y hgc Viet Nam, Vol 10
3. La Thi Budi, Tran Viet Nghi (2005), Nghiin cuu sire khde tdm thdn cm
cdng nhdn gang thep Thdi Nguyen, Tap chi Y hgc thuc hanh, Vol 10
4. La Thi Budi, Trdn Viet Nghi (2006), Nhdn xet ve cdng thdng nghe nghiep
vd sue khde tdm thdn cua ngu&i lao dgng ngdnh may, che bien thuy sdn, gidy da,
Tgp ehi Y hgc du phong, tap XVI, sd I (79)
5. La Thi Budi, Trdn Vidt Nghi (2006), Nghien cieu sue khde tdm thdn a
cdng nhdn van hdnh cdng trinh ngdm thuy diin Hda Binh, Tap chi Y hgc thuc
hdnh. Vol 2
6. Hgc vien Quan y (2010), Binh hge Tdm thdn, Nxb. Y hge

42


TAP CHt KHOA HQC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, S6 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

7. Dgng Phuong Kidt (2002), 7am ly vd siec khde; Nxb. Van hda thdng tin,
HaNdi
8. Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006-2007), Tinh hinh siec khde tdm
thdn vd edc yeu lien quan & cdng nhdn ddu khi ngodi khai, dl tai edp ngdnh
9.
Nguydn Khac Vien (1997), Siec khde, benh tdt vd tdm ly, Nxb. Tre,
Hd Chi Minh
10.

Nguydn Tho Sinh (2008), 7am ly xd hgi hgc, Nxb. Lao dgng

11. Sidney Bloch, Bruce S.Singh (2003), Casa cua ldm sdng tdm thdn
hge, Nxb. Y hgc

Tai lidu tilng Anh
12.
Elisabeth Grebotin (2001), Isabelle Orgiazzi Billon-Galland: Les
bases de la Psychopathologie, Presses Univeritaires de Grenoble
13.
Pierre Ferrari (2001), Actualites en Psychiatric de I'enfant et de
I'adolescent, Flararaarion, Paris
14.
Mental Health Comraission, Recovery Competencies for New
Zealand Mental Health Workers, March 2001, c.g0vt.n2
15.
Gaston Hamois & Phyllis Gabriel, Mental health and work: Impact,
issues and good practices. World Health Organization (WHO) & Intemational

Labour Organisation (ILO), Geneva, 2000
16.
David Ballard, BRIEF: Psychological Health in the Workplace,
American Psychological Association
17.
National Mental Health Consuraer & Carer Forum (NMH CCF),
2010, Supporting and developing the mental health - Consuraer and carer identified
workforce - a sfrategic approach to recovery fwww.nrahccf. org.au)
18.
Katharine R Parkes, Huraan Factors, Shift Works and Alerttiess in
The Offshore Oil Industry, Departraent of Experiraental Psychology, University of
Oxford, 1993
19.
Building the Foundations for Mental Health and Wellbeing - A
Sfrategic Fraraework and Action Plan for Implementing Promotion, Prevention and
Early Intervention (PPEI) Approaches m Tasmania, A Summary and Govemment
Response; Statewide & Mental Health Ser vices; Departraent of Health and Huraan
Ser vices, Septeraber 2009


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - BAI HQC BONG NAI, SO 03 - 2016

ISSN 2354-148^

20.
Leny Sato, Francisco Antonio De Casfro Lacaz, Mareia Hespanhol
Bernardo, "Psychology and tiie Workers' Health Movement in the State of Sao
Paulo (Brazil)", Joumal of Health Psychology, Copyright © 2004 SAGE
Publications, London, Thousand Oaks and New Delhi, Vol 9(1) 121-130
21.

National histitiite of Mental Healfli. (1991). Building Social Work
Knowledge for Effective Services and Policies , www.naswpressonline.org
22.

What is raental health? Online Q&A, 3 September 2007

CONDITIONS OF LIFE OF WORKERS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS
AT BIEN HOA 2 INDUSTRIAL Z O N E
ABSTRACT
Dong Nai is an industrial province and important economic province in
South, Viet Nam. Currently, Dong Nai has over 30 indusPial parks with more than
420 thousand workers, most of whom are migrants from the Northern, Cential, and
Southern

Westem provinces

of Vietnam. The living conditions and working

conditions as well as the characteristics ofthe migrants have created lots of difficult
issues for these migrant workers. Among those problems is mental disorder. Study
surveyed over 840 workers in Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone to screen out 120 cases
having mental disorders (representing 14.29%) so as to examine how these
aforementioned factors have affected their mental disorder. The study results from
the descriptive statistics showed that the majority of workers with mental disorders
come from those with low income, insecured living conditions, the pressure of work
and the unsafe working environment.
Keywords: mental disorders, conditions of life, working conditions, workers,
Bien Hoa 2 Industiial Zone

44