Phác thảo vài nét về động cơ thành đạt của công nhân

PHAC THAO VAI NET VE DONG CO
THANH DAT CUA CONG NHAN
TS. La Thj Thu Thdy
Phd Vien Iruthg Vien Tdm ly hpc.
TOM T A T

Nghien cihi gdn 800 cdng nhdn ldm viec tai cdc nhd mdy. xi nghiep lai dia bdn
cdc ttnh/llidnh phd Hd Npi, Hd Chi Minh, Bien Hod vd Hung Yen ve dpng co thdnh
dat trin cdc khia canh: khdt vpng dat Ihdnh tich. nd luc thdnh dat, su canh tranh
irong cdng viec vd tinh mao hiem Irong cdng viec, kei qua nghien cdu cho thdy. cdng
nhdn cd khdt vpng dat Ihdnh lich trong cdng viec. cd su nd luc cd gdng hodn Ihdnh
nhiem vit ddi ra. Tuy nhien, sdc thdi bieu hien cua cdc khia canh ndy cd su phdn Idn
khd rd rel Ben canh dd. linh canh tranh Irong cdng viec chua dupc the liien rd net
Irong nhdm cdng nhdn dupc khdo sdi. Ddng thdi, linh mao Idem Irong cdng viec
khdng dupc the hien trong nghien cdu ndy.
Tit khoa; Dpng co Ihdnh dat; Cdng nhdn; Dpng luc Idm viec.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 30/11/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 25/12/2012.
1. Dat van de
Trong tam ly hpc, ddng cp thdnh dat dupc xem la loai dflng ca bac cao,
thic ddy con ngudi tfch cue lam viec. MM sd khia canh cua dflng co thanh diit
ma nhifiu nha nghien cuu quan tam do la: su khdt khao vuan tdi thanh cflng, nd
luc thuc hien nhiem vu nhdm dat dupc ket qua cao nhat, mic dd mao hifim
trong cdng viec dfi dat dupc thdnh tfch, tfnh canh tranh trong cdng vific de hodn
thanh muc tifiu mpt each tfli tm.
Dflng ca thanh dat cd vai trd rdt quan trpng trong ddi sdng ca nhan ndi
chung vd trbng hoat dflng nghfi nghifip ndi rifing. Trudc het, ddng co thanh dat
cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec thic ddy tfnh tich cue boat dflng cua ca nhan
trong cfing viec. Nhing ngudi cd ddng ed thdnh dat cao lufln mong mufl'n thdnh
cflng, hoan thidn ky nang lam viec va canh tranh vfli nhing ngudi xung quanh,
lufln mudn cd gdng dfi vupt qua mpi thi thdch trong qua trinh thuc hifin cflng
vific dupc giao (McClelland D.). Nhieu nghifin ciu da ching minh, tipng co

thdnh dat cd tucmg quan thuto vdi hdnh vi thdnh dat. Mpt co quan hay mpt td
chic cd nhifiu ngudi cd ddng cd thanh dat thi td chic dfl se phat trifin nhanh,
TAP CH( TAM LY HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1-2013

23


bfin ving, hifiu qua cflng viec dat kfit qua tfl't {McClelland D., McEwan L. and
Goldenberg).
So sanh gitta nhing ngufli cfl ddng co thdnh dat cao vd nhttng ngudi cp
ddng Cd thanh dat thd'p, nghifin cttu cua Atkinson J. (ddn theo International
Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1996) da cho tha'y, nhttng ngudi cd ddng ca thanh
dat cao khdc vdi nhttng ngudi cfl ddng cd thdnh dat thdp d phan ing vfi mat cam
xic vfli nhttng thdnh qud dat dupc. Nhttng ngudi cd ddng cd thanh dat cao cd
xu hudng mud'n vudt qua nhttng thi thach mdi, trong khi dd nhttng ngudi cd
ddng Cd thanh dat thdp lai cd ve sp nhung thi thach mdi.
Nghien ciu cua Holder, Weiner B (ddn theo Tucker-Ladd) cung da chi
ro, ngudi cd ddng cd thanh dat cap thudng xuyfin tifi'p can hdn la nfi tranh
nhttng nhifim vu duoc giao, bfli vi hp tin tudng thdnh cflng la nhd vao nang lire
vd su cd gang va hp tin chdc vdo dieu dd. Theo hp, thdt bai cd nguyfin nhan ttt
su thifi'u may mdn hoac do nhidm vu dat ra qud khfl khan... c h i khdng phai do
bdn than hp. Mac d i vay, ldi ddn dfi'n su sai ldm khflng lam tdn thuang ldng tu
trpng cua lip. Ngupc lai, hp cd gdng hfit mtte de tap nen su thanh cflng. Hp tin
tudng vao chfnh cdng vific ma hp dang dam nhiem. Khi gap nhttng nhiem vu
khd khan, ngudi cd dflng ca thanh dat cao thudng kien tri bfin bi nhdm dat dUdc
hifiu qua cdng vific hdn la t i bd nd, bdi vi hp quan nifim rdng, thdt bai cfl
nguyen nhan ttt su thifi'u su nfl luc. Nhttng ngudi cd ddng cd thdnh dat cao
thudng lua ehpn nhttng thi thach d mic tUdng ddi khfl khan.
Nhu vay, dflng cfl thanh dat cd vai trd rdt quan trpng trong cuflc sd'ng cua
cd nhan ndi chung va hoat ddng nghfi nghiep ndi rifing. Nfl la dflng luc thic day

tinh tich cue boat dpng ciia cd nhan nhdm hodn thanh tfl't nhiem vu cua ca nhSn
va tap the de ra.
Cdng nhan la nhung ngudi true tifi'p lao dflng tai cdc nhd may, xi nghifip,
cfl sd san xudt. Cau hfli dat ra la cflng nhan cd dpng ca thanh dat khfing? Nfiu
cd thi dupc thfi hien d mic dp nao? Nfli dung bai vifi't nay se dfi cap dfi'n nhttng
va'n de trCn.
2. Khach the va phuong phap nghien curu
Khach thfi cua nghifin ciu nay bao gdm khoang 800 cdng nhan dang lam
viee tai cac nha may, xf nghifip ddng trfin dia ban cac tinh/thanh phd: Ha Nfli,
Hd Chi Minh, Bifin Hoa va Hung Yen. Khao sat dupc tifi'n hanh nam 2011.
PhUdng phap nghifin ciru chi yfi'u dupc s i dung Id bang hdi va phdng vdn
sau. at dam bao do tin cay cua cac ket qua nghien cttu, bang hfli duoc xay
dung theo thang do likerkt 5 mic do. Mdi mdt khfa canh cua ddng cd thanh dat
dude ddnh gid bdng mdt thang do gdm nhieu mtoh de, thfi hifin nhttng bifiu
hifin cu thfi khdc nhau vfi khfa canh dd. Dfi dam bao tfnh khdch quan cua kfi't

24

TAP CHITAM Lf HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


qua nghi6n cihi, trong bang hoi, cac menh de cua cac thang do khac nhau duoc
trgn Iln trong cung mot cau hoi nham han che nhttng cau tra ldi cua khach the
nghien cihi theo hu6ng mong dgi xa hgi. Bang phep phan tich yeu to, chiing toi
chie't xuat dugc 3 yeu to de danh gia ddng co thanh dat cua cong nhan va tinh
toan d6 tin cay ciia timg thang do. Ke't qua do tin cay ciia timg thang do nhu sau:
- Thang do khat vgng dat thanh lich gom 13 items, do tin cay alpha
Cronback-0,73.
- Thang do n6 luc thanh dat gom 10 items, do tin ciiy alpha Cronback = 0,70.
- Thang do tinh canh tranh trong cong viec gom 11 items, do tin cay

alpha Cronback = 0,68.
Voi do tin cay neu tren, cac thang do co the chap nhan dugc trong
nghien cihi.
Rieng thang do tinh mao hiem trong c6ng viec co do tin cay thap, tuong
quan giira cac menh de khdng cao (< 0,03). Vl vay, thang do nay khong dugc
su dung de phan tfch ket qua nghien ciiu.
3. Ke't qua nghien cu:u
3.1. Sdc thdi bieu hien ddng ca thdnh dgt cua cdng nhdn
Ket qua nghien cun tren toan thang do cho thay, die'm trung blnh ciia
d6ng CO thanh dat cua cong nhan la 3,79/5 diem; diem trung vi: 3,81. Nhu vay,
dpng CO thanh dat cua cong nhan dugc the hien thong qua thang do la tuong doi
cao. Phan chia dgng co thanh dat thanh cac tieu thang do khat vong thanh dat,
n6 lire dat thanh tich va su ganh dua trong cong viec cho thay cac sJc thai khac
nhau ciia dpng ccf thanh dat cua cong nhan la kha da dang. Khat vgng thanh dat
va n6 lire dat tich cua cong nhan dat diem kha cao. Trong khi do, tinh canh
tranh, tinh ganh dua trong cong viec dat diem tha'p hon (xem bang 1).
Bdng I: Ddnh gid chung ve dgng ca thdnh dgt cua cdng nhdn
Bifuhien ciia dong co thanh dat
Cac phep thong ke
Diem trung binh
Diem trung vi
D6 Itch chuan
Didm trung binh ihap nha't
Diim trung ,binh cao nhat

"—-—.^^

Khat vong
dat thanh
tich

4.13
4,23
0,52
1,00
5,00

N6 luc dat
thanh tich
4,13
4,17
0,51
2.22
5,00

Tinh canh
tranh trong
cong viec
3,59
3.55
0.57
1.45
5,00

Giu chti. Dieni tnmg hinh diigc litili llieo lhang diein 5. Irong do dieiii ihd'p nliu'l Id I. dicni cao nha) la 5
Dieiii trnng binh cdng cao ihi mice do tlielucn cang mgnh

TAP CHI TAML? HOC, S o l (166), 1 - 2013

2.')

Ke't qua nghien ciu cu thfi vfi cac khfa canh bieu hien cua dfing cfl thanh
dat cua cflng nhan cho tha'y:
Khdt vpng dai ihdnh lich ciio cdng nhdn
Thi nhdt, khat vong dat thdnh tfch cua cdng nhan dUdc the hien d mic
tUdng ddi cao (DTB = 4,13; khoang tren dudi 70% sd cdng nhan danh gia khdt
vpng thanh dat cia minh trCn 4/5 diilt)).
Sdc thdi bieu hiCn khat vpng thdnh dat cua cflng nhdn dupc thfi hien fl
mpt sd difim chfnh sau day:
- Phdn ldn cflng nhan dupc hdi ludn cd nhing suy nghT ve tudng lai vd
md uflc dat dupc nhieu thdnh tfch trpng cflng vide (79,5% sd cflng nhan ddng y
vdi nhan djnh nay, DTB = 4,28).
Phdn ldn cflng nhan ddnh gid cao nhing ngudi dat thanh tfch trong
cdng vific (83,0% sd cflng nhin ddng f vdi quan nifim ndy; DTB = 4,36).
- Phdn ldn cflng nhan cam tha'y lam viec cd hifiu qua khi hifiu rd y nghTa
cua viec minh lam (86,1 % sd cfing nhan ddng y vdi quan niem nay; DTB = 4,42).
- Cing vfli y nghia do, hdu bet cflng nhan cam thay nhu dupc tang them
sic manh khi cdng vific thuc hifin trdi chay (90,4% sd cdng nhan cd cung quan
difim; DTB = 4,52).
- Phdn ldn cdng nhan cam thdy, nfiu khdng cd khat vpng thanh dat thi
cupc sd'ng kem thi vi (80% sd cdng nhan ddng y vdi quan nifim nay; DTB = 4,16).
Bdng 2: Khdt vpng dpi thdnh lich ctia cdng nhdn

Khat vong dat thanh tich

Diem
trung
binh

Do

lech
chuan

1. Ay nay, kh6ng yen iam khi khonp hoan Ihiinh nhiem vu

4.18

1.03

2. Thudng suy nghl v^ luong lai va mo udc dai duoc nhi^u ihiinh lich

4.28

0,98

3. T6i le nhat la khi Ihirc hien khflng ihanh c6ng c6ng viec quan
trong

3,88

1,28

4. Danh gia cao nhirng nguai dat Ihanh lich Irong c6ng viec

4,36

0.95

5. Lam viec hieu qua hon khi hi^u ro y nghia ciia viec minh lam

4,42

0,89

6. Thfch thirc hien cOng viec tuong d6i kho nhimg kha thi hon la
cOng viec qua de

3.73

1,13

7. Mu6'n gi6'ng nhihig ngu5i thuc su say mfi cOng viec va thanh dat

3,74

1,17

8. Rat bu6n khi kh6ng dat dupc ke't quii mong mudn

4.10

1,08

26

TAP CHI TAM LV HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


9. Khi cOng viec thirc hien trdi chay, cam tha'y nhu duoc tang them
sllc manh

4,52

0,87

10. N^u khdng cd khai vong thanh dat thi cudc sd'ng kem ph^n thii vi

4,16

1.10

11. (Tam thay khdng yen tam khi khdng iam viec uong thdi gian dai

4,03

1.05

12. Thich cdng viec ddi hoi tri lire hoac ky nang hon la nhimg cdng
viec qua don gian va de thuc hien

3,92

1.08

DTB chung

4,13

Ghi chu: Diem trung binh diroc linh llieo thang diem 5, trong dd diem thd'p nhd't Id I, diem
cao nhd't Id 5. Diem Iruiig bhih cdng cao thi nuic do llie hien cdng mgnh.

Cung trong nghidn cihi nay, chung toi khao .sat dong co thanh dat cua
doanh nhan v6i ciing thang do dpng co thanh dat ciia cong nhan. Ke't qua
nghien ciiu cho tha'y, ne'u so sanh trong moi titong quan giiia khat vong dat
thanh tich ciia cong nhan v6i khat vpng thanh dat ciia doanh nhan thi b cong
nhan la thap hon dang ke. Diem khat vpng dat thanh tich cua doanh nhan la
4,21/5 di^m {LeThi Thanh Huang, 2012), trong khi do 6 cong nhan la 4,13/5 diem.
Ke't qua nghien cihi con cho tha'y, khat vong dat thanh tich cua cCng
nhan the hien qua cac menh d6 danh gia la khong tap trung. Vdri dC lech chuan
ciia hau het cac menh de Icfn hon 1 da chiing to co su phan tan kha ro net trong
nhan dinh cua cac nhom cong nhan ve van de nay. Su phan tan do the hien 6
ch6, mot so cong nhan co khat vpng dat thanh tich rat cao, nhung ngupc lai,
mpt so c6ng nhan lai co khat vpng dat thanh tich th^p.
Nhom ngufti co khat vpng dat thanh tich cao phai ke de'n nhirng c6ng
nhan khong bang long v6i c6ng viec hien tai, luon n6 lire hpc hoi va vuon len
trong cong Viec chuyen mon ciing nhu cong viec chung cua tap the.
Trong cong tac chuyen mon, nhieu cong nhan rat hang say voi cong viec
cua minh, cd gang tim toi, hpc hoi de cat tien day chuyen san xuat nham tang
nang sua't lao dpng. Nhieu cong nhan tich cure tham gia cac hoat dpng nham
nang cao tay nghe. Nhieu cong nhan tham gia cac cupc thi tay nghe gioi trong
liudc va quO'c te'. Nhi6u c6ng nhan dat dupc nhiing thanh tich cao, mang vinh
quang ve cho dcfn vi minh ciing nhu vinh quang ve cho && nucfc.
KhOng chi tich cue tham gia cac cong viec mang tinh chuyen mon,
nhiing ngucfi co d5ng co thanh dat cao con n6 luc tham gia cac hoat dpng mang
tinh xa h6i. Tam su ciia mpt cong nhan cho tha'y: "Trong nhung dot cong ty
phdt dpng thi tim hieu ve Chu tich Ton Diic Thdng, roi tim hieu ve tu tudng Ho
Chi Minh, tdi dd chiing kien cdnh nhieu chi em dit ldm viec, tdng ca rdt vdt vd
nhung vdn tranh thu thi gid rdnh de de'n nhd sdch tim tu lieu tham gia. Nhd trg
chat hep, khong co bdn ghe'thi chi em ke gid'y len giudng vie't bdi du thi. Nhieu
TAP CHI'TAM Lt HOC, Sol (166), 1-2013

27


bdi thi cdng phu, viel ddi den md'y dfli gidy hpc trd. Ntii dieu ndy de thdy rang
dd trinh dp vdn hda chUa cao, du ddi sdng con nhieu kho khdn nhung cdng
nhdn chung Idi tdl ham hieu bie'l. ham hpc hoi" (theo ).
Tuy nhien, bfin canh dfl, kfi't qua nghifin ciu cung da chi ro, nhifiu cflng
nhan chua cd khat vong dat thdnh tfch, dac bifit la nhdm cflng nhan lam cac
cflng vific mang tfnh thi cflng, lao dflng chan tay, khflng sir dung cdng nghe
cao. Kfi't qua khdo sat do Td chic CARE qufl'c te tai Vifit Nam vd Trung tam
Cflng tdc xa hfli thanh thifi'u nifin (Hfli Lifin hifip Thanh nifin thanh phd Hd Chf
Minh) cho tha'y: Trfin 90% trong sd 2.000 cdng nhan dude khao sat cua Nhd
may gidy Pou Yuen, Binh Chanh, thanh phd Hd Chi Minh cho rdng uflrc mo
trong 10 nam tfli la "dai qud", "chua nghT tdi", "ching ndo tdi se tdi", "hoi nao
gid khdng udc md gi hfit, mdn ngay nao sd'ng ngay dfl"... (ddn theo http://
www.baomoi.com). Ly do khifi'n cflng nhan khdng uflc mfl la lUdng thdp, khdng
cfl tay nghfi, chuyfin mfln, thifiu vfln dfi ra ngoai lam an bufln ban, cdng vific
khfing dn dinh, bfinh tat bat ngd, khflng cd thdi gian tifi'p xuc, giao luu vfli
nhing ngudi khac.
Nd luc dpi Ihdnh tich trong cong viec cua cong nhdn
Cd the tha'y, md uflc, khat vpng dat thanh tfch trong cdng viec cua cflng
nhan dUdc thfi hifin thdng qua thang dfl la tudng dfl'i cao. Dieu nay da thfli thuc
hp nd luc hdn trong cflng vide. Chinb vi thfi kfi't qua thang do nd luc dat thdnh
tich cua cdng nhan cung d mic difim tuong duflng vdi difim khat vpng thdnh
dat (khodng trfin dudi 70% sd cdng nhan danh gid nfi luc dat thanh tfch cua
minh vdi diem sd trdn 4 diem; DTB = 4,13). Tuy nhien difiu dfi nhan thay, cung
gid'ng nhu khat vpng dat thdnh tfch, nfi lire thdnh dat cia cdng nhan cd su phan
tdn khd rd net. Dp lech chuan cua cdc menh de trong thang do xdp xi I cho
thdy rdt ro difiu nay.

Bdng 3: Nfl luc dat ihdnh tich cua cong nhdn
Diem
trung
blnh

Do lech
chuan

1. Khi gap kho khan thucmg tran ir6 tim nhi^u each de hoan thanh
cong viec

4,35

0,88

2. Nhan tha'y lien tue c6' gang trong c6ng viec

4.09

1.01

3. Trong cOng viSc cd nhiJng muc tifiu ro rang va pha'n da'u vi muc
lifiu nay

4,21

0,95

4. Moi ngirdi cho rang tOi la nguoi tich cue trong cong vi6c

3.59

1,00

5. Lam vific cSt luc dfi' dat Avscsc muc tifiu d^ ra

4.07

1,00

N 6 luc dai thanh tich

28

TAP CHI TAM L? HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


6. Trong c6ng vific, cd gang hoan Ihifin de'n ting chi ti^t nho

4,31

0,91

7. Tiong c6ng viec ctf gang pha'n da'u d^ dat duoc tat cii nhiing gi
minh CO

4,26 ,

0.99

8. Co ke hoach dai han cho cong vice ciia minh va limg budc Ihuc
hien ke' hoach do

.1,93

1.09

9. Lam viec CO hieu qua va lu6n c6' gang hoan thanh tdt cdng viec
cua minh

4,18

0.93

10. Muc lieu pha'n da'u ngay mol cao hcfn

3.99

l.ll

DTB chung

4,1.1

Ghi chu: Diem trung binh duac linh theo thang diem 5, trong dd diem thd'p nhdt la I, diem
cao nhd't Id 5. Diem trung binh cdng cao thi ini'rc do the hien cdng manh.

Mpt so chi bao cho thay cong nhan the hien sir n6 lire dat thanh tich
trong cong vi6c bao gom:
- Khi gap kho khan trong cong vi6c, nhieu c6ng nhan thirdng tran tro tim

each de hoan thanh cong viec (86,6%). Co nhiing cong nhan mac du khoang
each tir nha den cong ty kha xa, th6i gian lam viec ca kip, nhung hang ngay ho
van thudng d6'n sotn, ve mupn di tranh thu hoc hoi dOng nghiep di trucfc. tir
nghien ciiu de cai tien ky thuat nham dat thanh tfch cao trong cong viec. Nhu
trircmg hgp N.T.H c6ng nhan phan xuong may 1, C6ng ty co phan Det 10-10,
luon tu mo mam, nghien cuxi de tim ra phuong phap loai bo thao tac thira trong
quy trinh san xuat. V6i su n6 luc cao, chi lu6n luon dSn d^u v6 so lugng va chat
lugng san pham, thang nao cung vugt miic khoan tit 30% den 50% {theo hltp:ll
www.baomoi.com).
- Nhieu cong nhan cho rang, trong cong viec hg co gang hoan thien den
tiing chi tie't (85%). Dieu nay co th^ thay ro d nhung cong nhan lam viec trong
moi trucmg san xuat cong nghiep. Duoc tiep xiic v6i may moc hien dai, !am
viec trong moi trudng day chuyen khep kin budc cong nhan phai chfnh xac hoa
cac thao tac mpt each tuypt doi de khdng anh hudng den nhQng cong doan tiep
theo. Tuy nhi6n, ddi vdi nhirng cdng nhan lam cac cdng viec thu cdng thi miic
do cd gang hoan thien cdng vipc d6'n tiing chi tiet cung chua dugc the hien ro
net. Nhieu cdng nhan cdn the hien tac phong lam viec thieu khoa hgc. Phan ldn
cac nha quan ly doanh nghipp ddu cd chung quan diem cho riing, su tuan thu ky
luat lao ddng cua nhom cong nhan nay hipn nay chua tdt. Di6u nay duoc the
hien ro qua viec thirc hien gid giac lao dpng, giff gin tai san chung cua cdng ty.
y thiic chap hanh ndi quy an toan va bao hp lao ddng...
- Nhieu cdng nhan cho rang, trong cdng vipc hg cd gang phan da'u de dat
dugc t^t ca nhirng gi minh co (82,4%). Dong thdi, nhi^u ngudi khang dinh, ban

TAP CHI TAM ly HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1-2013

29


than lu6n cd gjng hoan thanh tdt c6ng viec ciia minh (76,7%). Nhidu cong

nhan cd nhiing sang kidn dem lai lgi i'ch cao cho doanh nghiep. Don cii nhu y
tucmg ciia mflt nO cflng C6ng ty cd phSn thuc phim Cholimex da lam liJi cho
doanh nghiep mdi nSm ddn 2 ti ddng. "Cfl cflng nhdn hoa Ihuc phdm dd de xudl^
Ihay mdt fl'ng ddn ddi 3m cda hi Ihfl'ng gidi nhiit cH bang ha dng ddi 6m. Chi
mdt thay ddi nhd vdy md gidi quyet duac chuyen gidi nhiet. giiip ndng sudt
Ihdnh phdm tdng len 60%, cflng nhdn khflng cdn ldng ca cdng thdng nhu truflc
md Ihu nhdp lai Idng nen ai cdng vui. Sdng kien dy nay dd van hdnh d cd ba he
Ihfl'ng gidi nhiel cua cdc loai sdn phdm" ().
Tinh canh Iranh Irong cflng viec
Bdng 4: Tinh canh Iranh Irong cflng viec

Tinh canh tranh trong cong viec

Diem
trung
blnh

Do lech
chuan

1. Cam giac thua k6m ngudi khac thucfng lim ban than day diit

3,69

1,23

2. Trong c6ng vific co nhung muc lieu duqc xac dinh ro rang va pha'n
dau vl nhihig muc lieu nay

4,07

1,01

3. Khi Iam viec thucmg c6 gang lam t6't hon ngu6i khac

4,01

1,02

4. Lam viec hieu qua hdn khi thuc hien cOng viec th^ hien nang Iuc
ciia minh

3.69

1.26

5. Nhi^u luc c6' gang lam viec vi khbng mu6'n ngu6i khac danh gia
minh thiS'u nang Iuc

3,92

1.13

6. Ddi vdi ban than, ihang cu6c la quan trong

2,83

1.24

7. Trong cong viec luon c6' gang la ngudi dan diu

3,64

1.15

8. Trong cong viec thucmg hay .so sanh ke't qua cilia mmh v6i ke't qua
cua ngu5i khac

3.52

1,29

9. Thu6ng nghi ve danh hieu

3,26

1.30

10. Kh6ng thich lam eOng viec ma chua chac chan la se thinh c6ng

3,46

1,21

11. Doi v6i ban than, thanh cGng trong cOng viec Ik lam I6i hcfn
nhung nguai khac

3,39

1,29

Diem trung blnh chung

3,59

Ghi chti: Diem trung binh dupc tinh theo thang diem 5, trong dd diem thdp nhdt la 1. diem
cao nhdt Id 5. Die'm trung binh cang cao tlii mile dp the liien cdng manh.

Tinh canh tranh trong cflng viec la mpt khia canh thd hien cia dflng co
thanh dat. Nd la luc de thiic diy ca nhan hanh dflng. Theo quan diem ciia
30

TAPCHlTAM Lt HOC, Sd 1 (166), 1 - 2013


McClelland, dflng CO thanh dat luon gSn vdi tinh thSn canh tranh. Nhihig
nghien ciiu ciia ong da chi ra ring, nhtmg ngudi cd dong co thanh dat cao luon
khat khao thanh cflng, hoan thiSn ky nang lam viec va canh tranh vfli nhihig
ngudi xung quanh, lufln cd gSng dd vuot qua thU thach trong qua trinh thuc
hien nhiem vu duoc giao. Thuc td cho tha'y, mfli trudng canh tranh se thfli thiic
con ngudi hoat dpng de dat duoc hieu qua cao nha't trong cflng viec.
Trong nghien cim nay, ke't qua khao sat cho tha'y, tinh canh tranh trong
cflng viec khflng duoc the hien ro net d cflng nhan, thang do tinh canh tranh
trong cflng viec chi d miic trung bmh (dat 3,59/5 diem).
Mac dii co mflt sd chi bao duoc nhieu cflng nhan lira chon nhu: Xac dinh
dupc muc tieu trong cflng vice va pha'n da'u vi nhiJng muc tieu nay (76,6%); Khi
lam viec thudng cd gang lam tfl't hon ngudi khac (72,7%); Nhidu luc cd gang
lam viec vi khong mufl'n ngudi khac danh gia minh thidu nang luc (70,3%);
Lam viec hieu qua hon khi thuc hien cflng viec thd hien nang luc ciia minh
(61,0%); Cam giac thua kem ngudi khac thudng lam ban than day diit (60,5%)

nhung ben canh do it ngudi cho rang: thang cuoc la quan trpng (29,7%); it
ngufli nghT den danh hieu dat dupc (44,5%); nhidu ngudi thi'ch lam nhiing cflng
viec quen thupc va khong thich lam cflng viec ma chua chac chdn se dem de'n
thanh cflng (4'7,7%).
Nhu vay, sac thai bieu hien ciia Xinh canh tranh trong cflng viec ciia cflng
nhan the hien khflng ro net. Due rtit kinh nghiem thanh cflng trong cflng vice
ciia nhidu nguori thanh dat, Jin Kai An da tdng ket: "Nhirng ngufli huang ve
thdnh cdng cdn phdi hieu trong .xd hpi van vdt c/ua chpn Ipc lu nhien Irfli thi
thdng, kem Ihi bi ddo thai, chi cfl nhitng ngufli ddm canh Iranh, Idn Ihdnh canh
Iranh Ihi cfl the gidnh duac khodng trdi cua minh'^ (Jin Kai An,...). Dfl'i vcri
cong nhan, tinh canh tranh khflng duoc thd hien ro net bang cac dfl'i tupng khac.
Tuy nhien, ne'u kich thi'ch tinh canh tranh lanh manh trong cflng nhan, tao cho
hp CO san choi dd hp thd hien he't kha nang ciia minh, chihrig to dupc nang luc
ciia ban than minh trucrc ngufli khac cUng la mflt bien phap manh, kich thich ca
nhan nd luc pha'n da'u, dat hieu qua cao trong cflng viec.
3.2. Dpng lire thiic ddy cdng nhan ldm viec
Mflt cau hoi dat ra la dieu gi thfli thiic cflng nhan nd luc, cd gang de dat
hieu qua cao trong cflng viec? Kdt qua khao sat cho tha'y, co nhieu gia tri thiic
diy cflng nhan nfl luc, cd gang lam viec, trong sfl' dd cd nhiing gia tri mang y
nghia vat chdt, cd nhiing gia tri mang y nghia xa hfli, cd gia tri mang y nghia ca
nhan va cfl nhiing gia tri mang y nghia gia dinh.
Xet ve tdng the, dflng luc cd gia tri thiic day nhieu nha't, giiip cflng nhan
nfl lire cao nhit trong cflng viec thuflc vd cac gia tri mang y nghTa vat chat:
"kie'm dupc nhieu tidn" (75,2%); "cd dieu kien dd gidp dor gia dinh, dam bao

TAP CH( TAM LV HOC, Sol (166), 1-2013

31

cuflc so'ng vat cha't cho con" (63,2%); "cd cuflc sflng vat cha't dSy dii, sung tiic"
(I9,2'7,.).
Tie'p ddn lii cac gia tri mang y nghTa ca nhan, ciing cd ky nang nghd
nghiep, thd hien duoc nang luc cua ban than minh cung dupc mflt sd cflng nhan
coi iioiig nhu: "mufl'n liim chu cuflc sflng, khflng bi phu thuflc vao ngudi khac'^
(44.2','<): "mufl'n ditpc ihii siic minh" (38,4%.); "nam viing ky nang nghe
nghiep" (27.6%)
Mfli sd gia trj mang y nghTa xa hfli: "dupc cam tha'y la ngucfi cd i'ch cho
xa hfli, duoc cflng iiicn" tuy khflng dupc nhidu cflng nhan lua chpn (18,4%)
nhung cung cfln phiii nhan tha'y ring, trong sd 18 gia tri dupc khao sat thi gia tri
nay xdp vi iri thii 8/18. Day cung lam mpt trong nhung vj trf tuong dfl'i cao
Hong bang gia Iri mil cflng nhfln lua chpn.
Nhiing gia tri cd y nghTa ddi vdi gia dinh cung dupc mpt sd cflng nhan
lira chon nhu: "la ta'm guong cho con" (14.3%); "de gia dinh tu hao vd minh"
(io.2%i). Tuy nhien cac gui tri nay xdp hiing thit ye'u.
Bdng 5; Cdc gid Iri ihuc ddy cflng nhdn no luc ldm viec
(theo mt'rc dp lit ddnh gid ctia cong nhdn)
TV le %
lua chon

Cac giii Iri thiic lia.v

Thii hac

1. Kiem dirac nhi^u tifin

75,2

1

2. Muon dirac Ihir siic minh

38,4

4

^ Duoc nhiJng ngiroi xung quanh danh gia cao. duoc thira nhdn

19.9

6

4 Co difiu kifin giiip do gia dinh. b6 me. anh/chi/em hoac dam bao
\ JI chat cho Ciic con

63,2

2

5 Ndm vOng kien ihitc vii ky ning ngh^ nghifip (liim chti ngh^ ciia
minh)

27,6

5

6. Cn (ir.i \i 161 Irong Xii htu

11.6

12

7. Muon 1.1 nguoi liim chii moc song, khi'ing bi phii Ihui^c

44,2

i

8 Duoc llifi hifin nang luc iiia minh

I3..1

11

'J- La la'm guong cho nhung ngucri kluic (chiing hiin: lain guong cho
Ciic con)

14..1

10

10. MuOn duoc ihuong bang lifin. hifin \M hoac diroc iru lifin huong
cac iru dai xa h6i khiic

5,9

16

11. Diroc cam tha'y minh la ngirSi c6 ich cho xa hoi. duoc cong hifih

18.4

8

12. KhOngbi dinh sii li thua kSmnhihienuiriTi \un" ou.uih

54

18

32

TAP CHi TAM Ly HQC. So |

(166), 1-2013


13. Mudn duoc nhanh chdng tang luong

8.2

14

14. Duoc thuc hifin ni6m dam mfi, hiing thii cua minh

6.1

15

15. Di gia dinh (dng/ba. bd/me, con cai) tu hao ve minh

10,2

13

16. Cd cudc sdng vat chai dSy du, sung luc

19.2

7

17. Dat duoc cac muc tifiu ma minh da dat ra mdt each ldi nhat
(chang han: khdng bi tut hau, nhanh duqc thang tifi'n. khang dinh
duoc ban than trong xa hdi...)

16,4

9

18. DS khdng bi mat vific

5,9

16

Neu so sanh trong moi tuang quan giua dong luc thuc Aiy cong nhan
lam viec v6i ddng luc thuc d^y doanh nhan lam viec, ket qua nghien cthi cho
tha'y CO su khac biet kha ro net, Neu nhu 5 dong luc thiic d^y doanh nhan lam
vi6c bao g6m: "co dien kien giup d9 gia dinh", "duoc c6ng hien, la ngucfi co i'ch
cho xa hoi"; "kiem duoc nhieu ti^n"; "lam chii cu6c song, khong bi le thu6c";

"lam chu ngh6 cua minh", trong do nhung gia tri lien quan den su khang dinh
tfnh dgc lap cua chu the la nhung gia tri dugc doanh nhan cho rang co luc thiic
day manh nhat su n6 lire kinh doanh ciia hg {Le Thi Thanh Huang, 2012) thi
doi v6i c6ng nhan, trong sO' 5 gia tri nha't co y nghTa thuc day hg n6 lire trong
cong viec, co t6i 3 gia tri mang y nghia gia tri vat cha't, Hen quan den viec kiem
ti6n, trang trai cu6c song con cac gia tri khac xep phan thii yeu. TiJr gia tri thiic
day do dan t6i muc tieu can dat dugc ciia cdng nhan trong nhung nam t6i cung
ph^n lorn lien quan den luong va thu nhap (72,2%). Dieu nay phan nao phan
anh dcfi song ciia ngu6i cong nhan n\i6c ta hien nay con gap rat nhieu kho khan.
Tom lai, khao sat dgng co thanh dat cua c6ng nhan tren cac khia canh:
khat vgng dat thanh tich, n5 Iuc thanh dat, sir canh tranh trong cong viec cho
tha'y, cong nhan co khat vgng dat thanh tfch trong cong viec, co su no luc co
gdng hoan thanh nhiSm vu dat ra. Tuy nhien, sac thai bieu hien cua cac khfa
canh nay co su phan tan kha r5 ret. Ben canh do, tinh canh tranh trong cdng
viec chua dugc th^ hien r5 net trong nhom cong nhan dugc khao sat. Tii nghidn
CLOi nay cho thay, khat vgng dat thanh tfch la th^ hien sir khat khao, mong uoc
cua ca nhan nham dat dugc thanh tfch cao trong cong viec da the hien kha tot 6
cong nhan. Tuy nhien, lam the nao d^ bie'n khat khao, mong u6c do thanh hanh
ddng cu the la nhiem vu dat ra cho cac nha quan ly doanh nghiep.

Tai lieu tham khao
I. L6 Thanh Huong, Dong ca thdnh dqt trong khoa hoc xd hdi cua cdn bq nghien cUii iliugc
Trung tdm Khoa hpc xd hpi vd Nhdn vdn qudc gia, Bao cao long kfi't d6 tai cS'p B6, Vien Tam
ly hoc, 2001.

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, 56 1 (166), 1 - 2013

33

2. Le Thi Thanh Hucmg, Nhiing bi^u hien cAa d^ng err thdnh dgt cda dbanh nhdn nudc ta.
Tap chf Tam ly hpc, stf 10/2012.
3. David McClelland's 3-Nced iheoiy Achievement, Ajfiliaiion, /*DH'*'/-, />Mscrs/dswenson/web/LEAD/MclcIland.html.
4. McEwan L, and Goldenberg D., "Achievement motivation, anxiety and academic success in
first year Master of Niu sing students", Nur.se Education Today, Voluttie 19, l^sue 5, 1999.
5. Tucker-Ladd C. E., Theory About the Need for Achievement, The book: Rsychological SelfHelp, hup://men[alliclp.ncl/psyhclp/cli:i|>4/chap4j.htm, 1996 - 2000.
6. Nhd d, bi'ra dn vd dicii kien hpc tgp, />7. N(? cong nhdn tichi bieu, cpi.
8 Khi cdng nhdn tie ddm nglu khdc, itre,vn/tm-tuc/Nhip-song-tre/Nliip-songtre/175203,Khi-cong-nhan-tre-dam-nghi-khac.ttm.

^4

TAP CHI'TAM LV HQC, S6' 1 (igg^^ ^

2013