Tỷ lệ và các biểu hiện lâm sàng của một số rối loạn tâm thần của công nhân tại khu công nghiệp biên hòa 2

TAP CHl KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

TY LE VA CAC BIEU HIEN LAM SANG CUA MOT SO ROI LOAN
T A M T H A N C U A C 6 N G N H A N TAI K H U C 6 N G N G H I E P B I E N H O A 2

TkS. Li Minh Cong'

T6M TAT
MiAc dich cda nghiin ciru ndy Id xdc dinh ty le vd bieu hien ldm sdng cita mgt sd
rdi logn tdm thdn cua cdng nhdn tgi Khu cong nghiep Bien Hda 2. Su dung eong thuc
tinh cd mdu cho thdy mdu nghien cuu Id 840 cdng nhdn vd phuangphdp phdn tdng de
phdn tich kich ca mdu theo timg nhdm ddi tuang cdng nhdn. Phuangphdp nghien cieu
su dung bao gom: Phuang phdp trdc nghiim tdm ly, Phuang phdp phdng vdn ldm sdng
dira trin Bg tiiu chudn chdn dodn ICD — 10, Phuang phdp khdo sdt Kit qud nghien
cuu cho thdyty liroi logn tdm thdn cua cdng nhdn la 14,29%, trong do da phdn Id trdm
cdm, suy nhuac thdn kinh vd rdi logn gidc ngu, cd rdt it cdng nhdn rdi logn lo du. Da sd
cdng nhdn roi logn tdm thdn Id nam gidi, a liea tudi thanh nien, cd trinh do hgc vdn
thdp, chu yiu ldm trong nghi may mac, diin, diin tie, vd thuc phdm vd cd it kinh nghiem
ldm viec. Cdc biiu hiin cita cdng nhdn roi logn tdm thdn chit yeu lien quan den trdm
cdm vd stress.
Tir khoa: Roi logn tdm thdn, trdm cdm, suy nhugc, roi logn gidc ngu, cdng
nhdn, khu cdng nghiip Biin Hda 2

1. Dat van de
Trong nhiing nam qua, thyc hien
dudng ldi ddi mdi eiia Dang va Nha
nudc, Ddng Nai da kip thdi nam bat van
hdi mdi, khai thac van dung tiem nang,
lgi thi d dia phuong, tich cue thu hiit dau

tu trong va ngoai nudc, day manh san
xuat kinh doanh, phat trien cdng nghiep,
dieh vu, ndng nghiep, giai quyet viec
lam, chuyin dich co cau kinh te theo
hudng cdng nghiep - dieh vu - ndng
nghiep, tao nen kinh te lien tye phat trien
vdi tdc do cao.
Song song vdi viec phat trien kinh
te eiia tinh nha, ddi ngii edng nhan lao
ddng (CNLD) d Ddng Nai ciing phat
trien kha nhanh, cd nhieu bien dgng d cae
thanh phdn kinh t l tang nhanh d cac
doanh nghiep tu nhan, doanh nghiep cd
vdn ddu tu nudc ngoai va giam trong cac
doanh nghiep nha nudc. Hien nay, toan
tinh Dong Nai ed khoang hon 30 khu
' Tnrong Dai hoc KHXH & NV Tp. H6 Chi Minh

cdng nghiep, hon 420 ngan cdng nhan.
Da sd cdng nhan, ngudi lao ddng tai eae
khu cdng nghiep la dan nhap cu tu nhieu
tinh tbanh tten ca nudc. Che do luang,
dieu kien lam viec, thieu thdn vat ehat,
nha d,... tao cho ddi sdng cua ngudi cdng
nhan gap rat nhieu khd khan.
Trong thdi gian qua, cac cap
nganh tai Ddng Nai da cd gang rat nhieu
frong viec nang cao ddi sdng cua ngudi
cdng nhan. Tuy nhien, van cdn nhieu van
de dang dat ra can phai giai quyet nham

giup ngudi cdng nhan cd mgt cugc sdng
thoai mai ea ve vat chat lan tinh than,
giiip hg an tam cdng tac va cd the dinh cu
lau dai.
Trong thdi gian qua, tai khoa
kham benh ciia Benh vien Tam than
tmng ucmg 2, chiing tdi ghi nhan cd sy
gia tang ngudi benh den kham la cdng
nhan tai cac khu cdng nghiep. Rat rihieu
tinh frang rdi loan tam than nhu fram
<;,


TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DON(J NAI, SO 02 - 2016
cam, lo au, rdi loan dang co the, sttess,
loan than,... ma ngudi edng nhan thudng
mde phai. Nam 2006, ehiing tdi cd hien
khai mgt dl tai nghien eiiu cdp ca sd va
cho thdy kit qua cd khoang 20 - 25%
cdng nhan nu tai cac khu cdng nghiep d
TP. Bien Hoa ed roi loan hdn hgp lo au
va tt^ cam, cao hem nhieu so vdi cac
cgng ddng khae. Tuy nhien, cd mgt thyc
trang la da sd ngudi cdng nhan khdng dii
tiln de kham va dieu tri diing phac do, do
do tmh frang benh tat n^ay eang nang va
gia tang lam eho ddi sdng eiia hg cang
khd khan hon. Ddng thdi vdi do la viec
ngudi cdng nhan ciing nhu ngudi quan ly
lao ddng khdng cd nhieu hieu biet de

phdng ngira vdi tinh ttang rdi loan tam
than. Dieu dd cbo thay ty le rdi loan tam
than d cdng nhan ngay tang eao.
Vi thyc te do, chiing tdi trien khai
de tai nghien eiiu "Xac dinh ty le va cac
bieu hien Iam sang eua mdt sd rdi loan
tam thdn cua cdng nhan tai Khu cdng
nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai", vdi cac
muc tieu cu thg sau:

ISSJN ZJD^-l'+BZ

N: Cd mau
Z: He sd gidi ban tin cay.
p: Ty le udc doan cua quan the
(nghien eiiu trade dd eiia Nguyin Van
Thg, Dd Minh Tien (2006 - 2007) fren
khach the 1^ cdng nhan dau khi cho thdy
rdi loan thdn kinh ehirc nang la la 65%),
q = 1-p
d: sai sd 5% (d = 0,05).
"

(1,96)^0,65x0 35
(0,65x 0,05)'

^^

Nhu vay, kich cd mau nghien cuu
chiing tdi lya chgn la 840 ddi tugng.

Chung tdi xae dinh mau nghien
ciiu theo phuong phap phan tang. Cu the:
chiing tdi lua chgn 4 khdi doanh nghiep
cd sy ddng nhat tuong ddi ve nganh nghe
kinh doanh, mdi khdi doanh nghiep
chiing tdi lua chgn mgt cdng ty de khao
sat ngau nhien 210 edng nhan:
+ Nhdm edng ty nganh nghe san
xuat CO khi, dien.

- Xae dinh ty le mgt sd rdi loan
tam than (ttam cam, lo au, suy nhugc, rdi
loan gidc ngii) cua cdng nhan tai Khu
edng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai.

+ Nhdm nganh nghe san xuat det,
may mac.

- Nghien eiiu cac bieu hien lam
sang cua mdt sd rdi loan tam than d cdng
nhan.

+ Nhdm nganh nghe san xuat vat
lieu xay dyng.

2. Ve phuong phap nghien ciru
2.1. Mdu nghien cwu
La cdng nhan dang lam viec tai
Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai.
Chiing tdi su dyng edng tbiic tinh

ed mau nghien ciiu

N^
Trong dd:

^^pt^

+ Nhdm nganh nghe san thuc
pham.

2.2. Phwang phdp ngkiin elm
Chiing tdi sir dung phucmg phap
nghien eiiu md ta cat ngang vdi viec sii
dung cae ky thuat ngbien cim eu the la
trac nghiem tam ly, tham kham lam sang
va phdng van sau.
Cae ttac nghiem tam ly dugc sit
dung frong nghien ciiu bao gdm:
- Thang danh gia frdm cam ttong
cham sdc siic khde ban dau (Patient
Health Questiannaire - PHQ9).


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

Thang danh gia rdi l o ^ lo au
eua Zung.

- Thang danh gia chat lugng giac
ngu Pittsburgh

Thang danh gia suy nhugc
Bugard - Crocq

Do tin cay cua cac frac nghiem /
thang do dugc xac dinh bang
Cronbach'alpha nhu sau (N = 840):

Bang 1. Do tin cay ciia thang do

^^'"-T^ngdo
Dd tin cay ^'^'--....^

Thang
(PHQ9)

Thang
Zung

0,721

Cronbach'alpha

Thang Bugard — Thang Pittsburgh
Crocq

0,734

0,609

0,782

Nhiing ea nhan nao dii tieu
chuan cd rdi loan tam than theo trdc
nghiem se duge dua vao phdng vdn
lam sang bang Bd tieu ehuan chan
doan theo ICD - 10. Ca nhan dii tieu
chuan d ca bai cdng cy tren mdi duge
chan doan va xac dinh la mdt rdi loan
tam than.

Tu6i

15

1,8

Ngoai ra, chiing tdi sir dung cac
thang danh gia tren dl phdng van sau
va xac dinh cac bieu hien lam sang cua
cdng nhan ed rdi loan tam than.

Trung hoc ca
so

239

28,5

Tmng hoc pho
thong

425

50,6

Trung cap

110

13,1

Cao dang, dai
hoc

51

6,0

210

25

Det, may mac

210

25

Thuc pham

210

25

Vat lieu xay
dung

210

25

Sd lieu nghien ciiu dugc xir ly
bang phan mem SPSS 11,5.
3. Ket qua nghien ciru
3.1. Ddc diim ve mdu nghien cwu
Sau khi khao sat, ket qua ngbien
cuu cho thdy dac diem mau nghien ciiu
dugc xae djnh nhu sau:
Bang 2. Dac diem cua mau nghien ciru

N = 840

Tyle

Nam

346

41,2

NO

494

58,8

Dac diem

(%)

18-25

423

50,4

25-35

346

41,2

Tren 35

71

8.4

Trinh do hoc van
Tieu hoc

LTnh vac nghe
San xuat
khi, dien

co

Kinh nghiem lam viec

Gidl tjnli

< 5 nam

467

55,6

5 - 10 nam

245

29,2

> 10 nam

128

15,2


ISSN 2354-1482

TAP CHI KHOA HOC - BAI HOC BONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016

Ket qua nghien ciiu cho thay co
120 cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than (ttam
cam, rdi loan lo au, suy nhugc, rdi loan
giac ngd), dat ty le lien quan den rdi loEin
tam thdn la 14,28%.

Tinh trang hon nhan
Chua ket hon

563

67,0

Da ket hon

249

29,6

Da ket hon va
28
lydi

3,4

3.2. Ty li roi logn tdm thdn &
cong nhdn tgi Kku cdng ngkiep Biin
Hoa 2

Ty le rdi loan tam than d edng
nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2
duge xae dinh theo timg rdi loan sau:

Bang 3. Ty l€ roi loan tam than theo chan doan

Tram cam

R6i loan lo

Suy nhiTtfc

N = 840

N

Nhe

Vua

52

6

Roi loan
giac ngii

N = 840
N = 840

Nang
3

N = 840

30

97

80

61 (7,26%)
Tyle(%)

6,19

0,71

0,35

Ket qua nghien cim the hien d
bang 3 cho thay ty le fram cam d cdng
nhan tai Khu cdng nghiep Bien Hda 2 la
7,26%, frong dd ttam cam muc do nhe la

6,17%, tram cam miic do vira la 0,71%
va tram cam miic dg nang la 0,35%. Ty

3,57
11,5
9,5
Ie cdng nhan ed rdi loan Io au la 3,57%,
suy nhuge la 11,5% va rdi loan giac ngii
la 9,5%. Kit qua nghien ciiu eho thdy ty
le rdi loan suy nhuge va rdi loan giac ngii
d cdng nhan cao ban eae rdi loan khac.

Bang 4. Ty le roi lo^n tam than theo g i ^ va tu6i

GlCn TINH
Nam

TUOI

Nii-

18-25

Tren 35

25-35

N

43

77

48

63

9

Ty le (%)

35,8

64,2

40

52,8

7,5

Ket qua tai bang 4 eho thay cdng nhan cd
rdi loan tam than d nii nhilu gdp ddi ldn
nam gidi. Nu cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam
than la 64,2%, trong khi nam cdng nhan
cd rdi loan tam thdn la 35,8%.

Tudi ciia cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam
than chu yiu la liia tudi 25 - 35 (63%),
va 18 - 25 tudi (48%), dieu nay la phu

hgp vdi dac diem eiia mau nghien cuu
chil yeu la d do tudi dudi 35.


TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016
Bang 5. Trinh do hoc van cua cong
nhSn cd roi loan tam than

ISSN 2354-1482

Bang 7. Kinh nghidm lam vi@c cua
cong nhan co roi loan tam than
Tyle

Tyle
Trinh do hoc van

N

Tieu hoc

0

(%)

0

Kinh nghidm

N

< 5 nam

58

48.3

(%)

Trtmg hpc ca sa

19

15.8

5-10 nam

41

34.2

Tnmg hoc pho thong

62

51.7

Tren 10 nam

21

17,5

Trung cap

31

25.8

Total

120

100.0

Cao dang, Dai hoc

8

6.7

Total

120

100.0

Bang 5 cho thay da sd edng nhan ed rdi
loan tam than ed trinh do hge van la trung
hge phd thdng (51.,7%), trung cdp

(25,8%), ttung hgc co sd (15,8%), rdt it
cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam thdn cd ttinh
do hgc van la dai hgc vk khdng cd ai cd
trinh dd hgc van la tieu hge.
Bang 6. Linh vuc nghi cua cdng nh^n
CO rdi loan tam than
Tyle
Linh virc nghe nghiep

N

(%)

San xuat ca khi, dien

37

30.8

Det, may mac

50

41,7

Thuc ph4m

25

20.8

Vat lieu xay dung

8

6.7

Total

120

100.0

Qua bang 6 cho ta thay, ty le rdi
loan tam thdn d cdng nhan chu yeu tap
trung vao nhdm cdng nhan d ITnh vye
nghe nghiep la may mac (41,7%), san
xudt ca khi, dien (30,8%), thuc phdm
(20,8%), va cd rdt it cdng nhan nganh vat
lieu xay dung cd rdi loan tam than
(6,7%).

Qua bang 7 cbo tbay, cdng nhan
cang cd kinh nghiem lam viec lau nam
tbi it bi rdi loan tam than. Cdng nhan cd
kinh nghiem lam viec dudi 5 nam cd rdi
loan tam than cao nhat la 48,3%, cd kinh
nghiem lam viec 5 - 1 0 nam cd rdi loan
tam thdn la 34,2% va chi cd 17,5% cdng
nhan cd kinh nghiem tren 10 nam cd rdi

loan tam than.
3.3. Bieu kien ldm sdng cua cdc
roi logn tdm thdn & eong nhdn
Bang 8. Bieu hien lam sang roi loan
tram cam d cong nhan
^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ T a n suat

N=
61

Tyle

it quan tam, thich thu
mpi thli

56

90,8

Cam giac met moi,
chan nan, tuyet vpng

57

93,4

Cam giac kho ngu,
hoac ngu qua nhieu

48

78,6

Cam giac met moi hay
chan nan trong cong
viec

53

86,8

An khong ngon hoac
an qua nhigu

37

60,6

Chan ban than, hoac
sp that bai han nguai

39

63,9

Bieu hiSn

^ ^ ^ ^

(%)

TAP CHI KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONU NAI, SO 02 - 2016

ISSN ^334-1^52

tay chan

khac
Kem tap trung chii y
moi thir

50

81,9

Miic do boat ddng
cham chap, hoac bdn
chdn, diing ngdi khdng
yen

42

68,8

Cd y nghT hay hanh vi
lam tdn bai den ban
than

30

Cd khd khan va tdn
hai din cdng viSc,
cudc sdng

58

49,1

95,1

Tu bang 8 eho thay, da sd cac
bilu hien lam sang cua fram cam theo
thang danh gia PHQ9 deu xuat bien vdi
tan sudt rdt cao vdi cdng nhan cd rdi loan
tam thdn. Dudng nhu toan bg cae bieu
hien deu cd tan suat xuat hien tten 50%,
chi duy nhat cd bieu hien lien quan den y
nghT hay hanh vi lam tdn hai den ban
than la dudi 50%. Cac bieu hien lam sang
xuat hien vdi ty le cao la thudng cd khd
khan va tdn hai den cdng viee do benh
fram cam gay nen (95,1%), cam giac met
mdi, chan nan, tuyet vgng (93,4%), it
quan tam, thich thii mgi thii (90,8%). Day
la cae bieu hien Hen quan den frang thai
cam xiic, khi sac va cac hanh vi tuong tac
xa hgi eua ngudi benh.
Bang 9. Bieu hien lam sang cua roi
loan Io au d cong nh^n

— ^ ^ Tan suat

N=
30

TylS

Cam thay nong nay va
lo au

13

43,3

Cam thay lo sp ma
khong CO nguyen nhan

12

40,0

De boi roi va hoang
hot

16

53,3

Co bieu hien run, lac

9

30,0

Bieu hien

^ ^

(%)'

Dau dSu, dau CO va
dau limg

23

76,6

De yeu va met moi

25

83,3

Nhip tim dap nhanli
hem

14

46,6

Hoa mat, ch6ng mat

21

70,0

Co con ngpp tho, hay
ngit

12

40,0

Co cam giac te, nhu
kiSn can a cac dau
ngon tay, chan

18

60,0

Kh6 chiu vi dau da
day hay day bimg

21

70,0

Thuong xuyen di tiSu
tien

17

56,6

Mat thuang nong, hay
do

13

43,3

Kho khan giac ngu

25

83,3

Co ma thay ac mpng

11

36,6

Tir bang 9 cho thay, cae bieu hi^n
lam sang theo thang Zung ed tan su§t
xuat hien kha thap d cdng nhan cd roi
loan tam than. Mgt sd bieu hien co t§n
suat xuat hien cao hon 50% bao gom:
khd khan gidc ngu (83,3%), dl yeu va

met mdi (83,3%), dau dau, dau cd, lung
(76,6%), hoa mdt, chdng mat (70,0%).
Day la cac bieu bien lien quan nhieu dSn
tinh frang suy nhugc va la nhiing phan
ling sfress eua benh nhan. Mgt sd bieu
bien cd tdn suat xuat hien thap nhu c6
bieu hien run, lae chan tay (30,0%), cam
thdy lo sg ma khdng cd nguyen nhan
(40,0%), cd mo thay ac mgng (36,6%),
cd con ngdt hay nggp thd (40%). Dieu
nay cbo thdy bieu hien Iam sang ciia roi
lo^n lo au la kha thap d cdng nhan, dieu
nay phu hgp vdi ty le rdi loan lo au 6
edng nhan thap.


TAP CHI KHOA HQC - DAI HQC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016
Bang 10. Bieu hien lam sang
cua suy nhirac & cong nhan

N=
97

Tyie

Trang thai chung: dm
yeu, xanh xao, met
mdi, toat md hoi, ngat
xiu,..

80

82,4

An udng: kem ngon
mieng, bi day bai,
budn ndn, ehan an,
giam can,...

68

70,1

Giac ngu: khd vao giac
ngii, ngu ehap chdn,
thiic giac lue nira dem,
mat ngii cudi giac, ae
mgng,...

75

77,3

Tinh due: giam sinh
boat, mat khoai cam,
xudt tinh sdm, bat lue,
rdi loan cuong,...

31

31,9

Giac quan: Nhuc dau,
sg anh sang, u tai, rdi
loan thi giac, chdng
mat,...

65

67,0

Nhan thiic: Khd tap
trung, kem minh min,
khd chii y, mau met dc,
giam tri nhd,...

86

Lo au: cam gidc khd
ehju, earn giac bdn
chdn, lo sg, co that cd
hgng, bi quan,..

73

Cam xiic: de bilu Id
cam xiie, ndng tinh,
hay thu minh, qua nhay
cam, dl bi kich dgng,...

78

^^""^--^^^^Tan sudt
Bilu hi^n

^^"'-^.^

(%)

Bang 11. Bieu hien lam sang cua rdi
loan giac ngu d cdng nhan

^ " ^ ^ ^ ^ r 4 n suat

N=
80

Tyle

Thai gian di ngu/ thiic
gi^c va tong thai gian
ngu mot dem

65

81,2

Bieu hien

88,6

ISSN 2354-1482

Bang 10 cho thay, da sd cac bieu
hien lam sang eiia suy nhugc d cdng nhan
tai Khu cdng ngbiep Bien Hda 2 deu cd
tan suat xuat bien kha cao (tten 50%), chi
duy nhat bieu bien ve siic khde tinh dye
kha thap (32,5%). Dieu nay dugc ly giai
bdi da sd mlu nghien eim la chua ket
hdn. Mgt dae diem nira lien quan den yeu
td van hda la ngudi Viet, nhat la ngudi
lao ddng tir cac vimg que thi rat ngai ndi
ve van de tinh due, nhieu khi hg cd van
de nhung van khdng ndi ro cac khd khan
cua minh. Cac bieu bien lara sang cd tan
suat xuat hien kha cao la van de nhan
thiic nhu khd tap tnmg, kem minh man,
khd chil y, mau met dc, giam tri nhd,...
(88,6%), cac ttang thai nhu dm yeu,
xanh xao, met radi, toat md hdi, ngat
xiu...( 82,4%), bieu bien cam xiic nhu de
bieu Id cam xuc, ndng tinh, hay thu minh,
qua nhay cam, dl bi kich ddng,...
(80,4%).

^^^-^

(%)

Kho di vao giac ngii

74

92,5

66

82,5

75,2

Ban tam, lo lang qua
ve hau qua cua giac
ngu ban ngay va ban
dem

70

87,5

80,4

Kho khan lien quan
den giac ngii (hay thiic
giac, kho tha, ho hay
ngay to, ac mpng, thay
dau, met,...)
Phai sir dung thuoc
ngii

50

62,5


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016
Anh budng cua giac
ngii den eae hoat ddng
cudc sdng: giai tri.
eong viec,...

75

93,7

Tir bang II cho thdy, cac bieu
hien lam sang eua giac ngit theo thang
Pittsburgh d cdng nhan tai Khu edng
nghiep Bien Hda 2 cd tan suat xuat hien
kfaa cao. Tat ca cae bieu hien deu cd ty le
xuat hien tten 50%. Dieu nay cho thay
van d6 gidc ngu la vdn de rat quan trgng
ddi vdi cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than.
Cac bilu hien cd tdn suat xuat hien cao
nhu: anh hudng cua giac ngii den cac
boat dgng cudc sdng: giai tri, cdng
viee,... (93,7%), khd di vao giac ngii
(92,5%) va bieu hien lien quan den giac
ngii (hay thiic giac, khd thd, ho hay ngay

to, ac mdng, thay dau, mgt,...).
4. Ban luan va ket luan
4 1.1 Vi ty li rdi loan tdm thdn a
edng nhdn
Nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi cho
thay ty le radt sd rdi loan tam than (ttam
cam, lo au, suy nhugc, rdi loan giac ngii)
d cdng nhan tai Khu edng nghiep Bien
Hoa 2 la 14,2%. Trong dd, ttam cam la
7,26% (frong do frdm cam miic do nhe la
6,17%, tram cam miic do vira la 0,71%
va fram cam raire do nang la 0,35%), rdi
loan lo au la 3,57%, suy nhuge la 11,5%
va rdi loan giac ngii la 9,5%. Ket qua
nghien ciiu nay cho thay ed sy da dang
vl ty le vdi eae nhdm ddi tugng nghien
ciiu va dia ban nghien ciiu khac nhau.
Nghien ciiu cua chung tdi cho thdy cd
Idioang 7,26% cdng nhan tai Khu cdng
nghiep 2 ed rdi loan trdm cam, tuy nhien
ngbien ciiu ciia La Thi Budi, Tran Viet
Nghj (2003) cho thdy cdng nhan nha may
ddng lanh cd ty Ie ttdm cam chi 0,7%,
cdng nhan lai tau la 0% va cdng nhan d

ISSN 2354-1482

nha may Thuy dien Hoa Binh la 2,5%.
Ty le nay la rat thap so vdi nghien cuu
eiia chiing tdi. Tuy nhien, ngbien cihi cua

chiing tdi cho thdy ed ty le ttam cam
tuong ddng vdi ty le ma Nguyen Van
Thg, Do Minh Tiln (2006 - 2007) dua ra
la 1,4 - 7% ddi vdi nhdra edng nhan ddu
khi.
Tuy nhien, nghien eiiu eiia chiing
tdi cho tbay ty le rdi loan lo au d cdng
nhan la 3,57% phii hgp vdi nghien ciiu
cua Nguyen Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln
(2006 - 2007) la 4,3% nhung cd su khac
biet kha ldn so vdi cac nghien ciiu ciia La
Tlii Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003) vdi kit
qua ty le lo au d cdng nhan ddng lanh la
1,7%, d edng nhan thuy dien la 0,8%, d
cdng nhan lai tau la 11,1%.
Ty le rdi loan giae ngii theo
nghien ciiu ciia chung tdi la 9,5%, theo
Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006 2007) la 15 - 17%. Cao ban nhieu so vdi
nghien ciiu cua chiing tdi.
Cac nghien ciiu khac khdng
nghien ciiu ve suy nhugc nen chiing tdi
chua cd dieu kien so sanh.
Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia ehiing tdi
cd su khac biet ldn so vdi nghien cihi cua
La Thi Budi va Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003)
nhung cd sy tuang ddng so vdi nghien
eiiu cua Nguyen Van Thg, Dd Minh Tien
(2006 - 2007). Dilu nay ehi cd thi ly giai
bdi nguyen nhan la do dieu kien van boa,
mdc thdi gian ngbien ciru, dac diem nghe

nghiep. Ddng thdi ciing can xem xet mau
nghien ciiu, phuang phap nghien eiiu.
Nghien cuu cua chiing tdi eiing
eho thay ty le rdi loan tam than d nil cdng
nhan gan gap 2 ldn so vdi nam cdng
nhan. Dieu niy phii hop vdi ngbien ciiu
cua Tran Van Liem va cs (2006) va mdt
sd edng bd khac. Chung tdi cho ring nii
cdng nhan ngoai ap lyc cdng viec va dieu
kign sdng nhu nam edng nhan thi cd chiu
nhieu ap luc khac do bdi canh van hoa


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - BAI HQC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

nhu cd the bi bao hanh frong gia dinh,
phai ganh vac nhieu viec gia dinh hon,
ddi sdng van hoa kbd khan hon.

xiu,.., bieu bien cam xiic nhu de bieu Id
cam xiie, ndng tinh, bay thu minh, qua
nhay cam, de bi kich ddng,....

Ket gua nghien ciiu ciia cbiing tdi
ciing cho thay ty le cdng nhan cd rdi loan
tam than tap trung d nhdra cdng nhan
may mac. Chiing tdi ehua ghi nhan cac
nghien ciiu trude day d nhdra nay do dd

rat khd de ed so sanh. Tuy nhien, chiing
tdi cho rang, cdng nhan d nhdra nganh
nghe nay vdi dae thu cdng viec vdi ap lue
cao, ddc b^i, diSu kien lara viec kem ed
thi la nguyen nhan cua tinh ttang rdi loan
tam than eao ban.

Day la cac bieu hien lien quan
nhilu den tinh trang suy nhugc va la
nhiing phan ung stress eua benh nhan.

Ket qua nghien ciiu eiia chimg tdi
ciing cbo thdy, cdng nhan cd kinh nghiem
lam viee cang thap thi ty Ie cd rdi loan
tam than cang eao. Ket qua nay phu hgp
vdl cac nghien ciru trude dd cua La Thi
Budi, Trdn Vilt NgM (2003), cua
Nguyin Van Thg, Do Minh Tiln (2006 2007). Chung tdi cho rdng, khi tay nghe
Iao dgng edn yeu ed the la mgt nguyen
nhan dSn tdi tinh frang sttess d cdng
nhan, ddng thdi viec kinh nghiem lam
viee it ciing ddng nghta vdi viec thich
ling mdi trudng edng viec kem.

Ket qua nghien ciiu ciia ehiing tdi
eiing phu hgp vdi mdt sd nghien eiiu ma
La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2003),
Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2006 2007) va Trdn Van Liera (2006) da cdng
bd trudc do.

Mgt sd bieu hien khac cd tan suat
xuat hien thap nhu cd bieu hien run, lac
chan tay, cam thdy lo sg ma khdng ed
nguyen nhan, cd mo thay ac mdng, ed
eon ngat bay ngdp tbd. Dieu nay eho thay
bieu hien lam sang cua rdi loan lo au la
kha thdp d edng nhan, dieu nay phii hgp
vdi ty le rdi loan lo au d cdng nhan thap.

4.2. Kit ludn
4.2.1. Ve mdu nghien cuu
Nghien ciiu dugc thuc hien tten
840 khach the la cdng nhan tai Khu cdng
nghiep Bien Hoa 2, Ddng Nai. Ty le nam
va nil khach the frong nghien ciiu la
ttrong duong nhau (nam: 41,2% va nii:
58,8%), da phdn cdng nhan ttong khao
sat cd do tudi dudi 35 tudi (91,6%), va ed
ttinh do bgc vdn la THCS va THPT
(89,1%), da phan cd kinh nghiem lam
viec dudi 10 nam (55,6%), va chua ket
hdn (67%).

4.1.2. Vi mgt so ddc diem ldm
sdng rdi logn tdm thdn a cdng nhdn
Nghien ciiu cua chimg tdi eho
thay, cac bieu hien lam sang xuat hien
vdi ty le cao thudng la cd khd khan va
tdn hai din cdng viec do benh fram cam
gay nen, cam giac met mdi, ehan nan,

tuyet vgng, it quan tam, thich thii mgi
thir. Day la cac bilu bien lien quan den
trang thai cam xiic, khi sac va cac hanh vi
tuong tac xa hgi cua ngudi benh. Ddng
thdi cac bilu hien khac ciing xuat hien
vdi tdn xudt cao nhu khd khan giac ngu,
de yeu va met mdi, dau dau, dau cd, lung,
hoa mdt, chdng mat, kbd tap trung, kem
minh mdn, khd chii y, mau met dc, giam
tri nhd,..., cac trang thai nhu dm yiu,
xanh xao, met radi, toat mo hdi, ngat

4.2.2. Ve ty le rdi loan siec khoe
tdm thdn a cong nhdn tgi Khu cdng
nghiep Bien Hod 2
+ Ty le edng nhan cd rdi loan tam
than la 120 ngudi, ehiem 14, 28%, trong
do:
- Tram cam la 7,26% (ttong dd
ttam cam miic do nhe la 6,17%, fram cam
mirc do vira la 0,71% va tram cam miic
do nang la 0,35%).
59


T/S? CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016
- Rdi loan lo au la 3,57%.
- Suy nhugc la 11,5%..

ISSN 2354-1482

4.2.3. Bieu hiin cua cong nhdn co
rdi logn tdm thdn

- Rdi loan giac ngii la 9,5%.

Cdng nhan cd roi loan tam thdn
thudng cd nhiing bilu bien sau:

+ Rdi loan tam thdn d nu nhieu
gdp ddi ldn nam gidi (ty le la 64,2%o va
35,8%).

- Cd khd khan va tdn hai den
cdng viec do benh frara cam gay nen;

-f- Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than
chu yiu la liia tuoi 25 ~ 35 (63%,), va 18
-25fridi(48%).
+ Da sd edng nhkn ed roi loan tam
thdn cd trinh do hgc van la ttung hgc phd
thdng (62%), trung cdp (31%), trung bgc
CO sd (19%), rdt it cdng nhan cd rdi loan
tam than cd ttinh do hge van la Dai hge
va khdng cd ai cd ttinh do bgc van la tieu
hgc.
+ Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than
chu yeu tap trung vao nhdm edng nhan d
ITnh vyc nghe nghiep la may mae
(41,7%), san xudt ca kbi, dien (30,8%),

thyc pham (20,8%,), va cd rat it cdng
nhan nganh vat lieu xay dung ed rdi loan
tam thdn (6,7%).

- Cam giac met mdi, chin nan,
tuyet vgng
- it quan tam, thich thii mgi thii
- Khd khan gidc ngii
- De yeu va met radi
- Dau dau, dau ed, lung
- Hoa raat, chdng raat.
- Khd tap trung, kem minh man,
khd chil y, mau met de, giam tri nhd,...
- Cac ttang thai nhu dm yeu, xanh
xao, met mdi, toat md hdi, ngat xiu,...
- Bieu hien cam xiie nhu de bieu
10 cam xiic, ndng tinh, hay thu minh, qui
nhay cam, de bi kich dgng,...
- Khd di vao giac ngu

+ Cdng nhan cd rdi loan tam than
chii yeu d nhdm cdng nhan cd kinh
nghiem lam viee kem.

- Bieu hien lien quan den giac ngu
(hay thiic gidc, khd thd, ho hay ngay to,
ae mdng, thay dau, met,...).

TAI LIEU THAM K H A O
La Tbj Budi, Tran Viet Nghi (2005), "Nghien ciiu siic khoe tam than edng nhan

dudng sat Viet Nara", Tap ehi Yhgc thuc hdnh. Vol 3.
La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2005), "Nghien ciiu siic khoe tam than d nhan
vien y te nganh tam than". Tap ehi Yhgc Viet Nam, Vol 10.
La Thi Budi, Tran Viet Nghi (2005), "Ngbien cim sire khoe tam than eiia cong
nhan gang thep Thai Nguyen", Tap chi Yhgc thuc hdnh. Vol 10.
4. La Tbi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghj (2006), "Nhan xet vl eang thdng nghe nghiep va
siic khoe tam thdn cua ngudi lao ddng nganh may, ehe biln thuy san, giay da",
Tap chi Yhgc du phong, tap XVI, sd 1 (79).
5. La Thi Budi, Trdn Vilt Nghi (2006), "Nghien cuu siic khoe tam than d edng
nhan van hanh cdng trinh ngdm thuy dien Hoa Binh", Tap chi Y hgc thuc hdnh,
Vol 2.
60


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - DAI HOC DONG NAI, SO 02 - 2016

ISSN 2354-1482

6. Hgc vien Quan y (2010), Binh hgc Tdm than, Nxb. Y bgc. Ha Ngi.
7. Dang Phuong Kiet (2002). Tdm ly vd siec khde; Nxb. Van hoa thdng tin. Ha Ndi.
8. Nguyin Tho Sinh (2008). Tamly xdhgi hgc,'Hxh.hm

dong.

9. Nguyin Van Thg, Dd Minh Tiln (2007); "Tinh hinh sire khoe tam thdn va eae
y6u td lien quan d cdng nhan dau kbi ngoai khai"; De tai cap nganh, 2006 2007.
10. Nguyin Khdc Vien (1997). Siec khoe. binh tgt vd Tdm ly, Nxb. Tre Tp. HCM
11. Sidney Blocb, Bruce S.Singh (2003). Ca sdcua ldm sdng tdm thdn hgc, Nxb. Y
hoc. Ha Ndi.
THE FREQUENCY AND CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MENTAL

DISORDERS OF THE WORKERS IN THE BIEN HOA 2 INDUSTRIAL ZONE
ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency and clinical
characteristics of some mental disorders of workers in Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone.
Based on the sampling of 840 employees, the researcher deployed layered approach to
analyze the sample size for each group of workers. Research methods used in this study
included psychological test method, method of climcal interview based on ICD-10
diagnostic criteria, and survey methodology. The study results showed that the rate of
mental disorder of workers was 14.29%, in which the majority of workers were
identified with depression, neurasthenia and sleeping disorders whilst few workers
among those were identified to suffer from anxiety disorders. Most workers with mental
disorders are young-aged male workers with low education level, mainly working in the
industries of garment, electrics and electronics, and food processing department; most
of those have little working experience. The expressions of mental disorders of workers
are mainly related to depression and stress.
Keywords: Mental disorders, depression, asthenic, sleep disorders, workers,
Bien Hoa 2 Industrial Zone