Game bạo lực và đời sống tâm lý của người chơi

GAME BAO LL/C VA DOI SONG
TAM LY C U A NGUOI CHOI
GS.TS. Tran Thj Minh DCrc
TS. Nguyen Ngpc Di6p
Trudng Dai hoc Khoa hpc Xd hpi & Nhdn vdn - Dgi hoc Qudc gia Hd Npi.
CN.Ki^u Anh Tuan
Trung tdm Nghien cint Phii nd - Dai hoc Qudc gia Hd Npi.
*

T O M TAT

Game ra ddi tity tudng ban ddu la de phuc vu nhu cdu gidi iri ciia con ngudi.
Nhd game md con ngudi co ncfi gidi toa ldm ly, ren luyen Iri thong minh, su nhanh
nhay. sdng tgo... Tuy nhien, game ciing co nhiing tdc hgi md chiing la chua the ludng
he't, dgc biet la khi mol bp phdn gidi tre co xu hudng Igm dung game. Trong khi gidi
tie' Viet Nam chai game ngdy cdng nhieu, thi cdc nhd qudn ly, gido diic Igi chifa thuc
sukiem sodt dupc mdc dp dnh hudng ciia game. Trong bdi cdnh ndy. nghien cifu ciia
chitng toi ve game bgo liic ddi vdi thanh thie'u niin Viet Nani, difffc tien hdnh bdng
phuong phdp bdng hoi, phong vdn sdu vd Idm viec nhom tren 4.468 thanh thieu nien
lai cdc thdnh phd ldn, trong do co 2.845 ngudi tifng chat game bgo lite md chitng loi
liet ki, dd chi ra nhung dnh hudng ctia viec chai game bgo luc de'n ddi so'ng tdm ly, xd
hpi vd the chdt cua ngudi choi. Trong khuon khd bdi vie't ndyt chung toi tgp iriing
phdn tich nhifng dnh hudng lien quan deh nhdn thdc, xitc cdm vd hdnh vi ciia ngifdi
choi game bgo luc, ddng thdi dua ra nhiing bdn ludn ve cong tdc qudn ly game bgo
luc lif phia cdc bgc cha me.
Tur khoa: Game bgo lite; Thanh thieu nien; Nhdn thitc; J^ic cdm; Hdnh vi.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 8/10/2012; Ngdy duyel ddng bdi: 25/1/2013.
1. Dat van d^
CJ Viet Nam, game ia thuat ngii dung de' chi cac tro choi dien tu noi
chung; do la nhiing tro chai co ti'nh tucmg tac (hoac nhap vai), co hinh anh, am
thanh va do hoa hien ra sO'ng dong tren cac thiet bi dien tu nha't dinh. nhu ti vi,

d^u di^n tir, may tinh, dien thoai di dOng v.v... (Children's Health, 2011). Hien
nay, co the chia hang ngan game tren mang internet thanh nam dong game
chinh: Action game - game hanh dpng; Pet game - tro choi nuoi thu ao; Game
RPG - th^ loai tro chai nhap vai; Sport game - tro chai the thao; Strategy game tro chai chien thuat (Wikipedia, 20 U).

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC. S6' 2 (167), 2 - 2013

13


Game bao lite'" noi chung dupe eac nha nghiPn cttu dinh nghia la cic trd
choi dien ttt cd nhttng hanh dpng cd y eua ngudi tham gia choi, true tidp gay
tdn hai vd thd chit ddi vdt cac nhan vat dang sdng trong game (Ferguson,
2010)' Hoae, eac trd ehoi dipn ttt trong dd cd sU de dpa vd vu luc hoac chi
dPng stt dung vu luc nhSm lam tdn hai the chai mpt vM the sdng hay mpt nhdm
ngttdi (Smith & cs.', 1998; Farrar, Krcmar & cs., 2006).
Tren thd gicfi, lieu chuiin phan loai game bao lire dttpc Uy ban danh gia
phan mdm giai tri ESRB'^' dua ra, thudng dua vao mtte dp cac hoat dpng chdm,
gidt, gay dd mau ma ngudi choi phai thuc hipn khi nhSp cupc. O Viet Nam,
theo tai lieu ma chung tPi tim dupc, hipn nay cd 2 he thdng phan loai game
cung tdn tai: He thdng phan loai eua Vina Game (VNG) dtta trPn he thdng phan
loai game ESRB, eae game nay dttpc phan theo dp tudi va bang danh gia ehi
tidt game eua Sd ThPng tin - Thd thao thanh phd Hd Chi Minh. Bang danh gia
nay dupc can ett tren ba nhdm tieu chi can ett theo: 1/ Nhdm tieu chi bao lue
can ett theo eae mtte do vu khi stt dung va boat dpng dam, chem, ban, giei don
le hay cd td ehttc trong trd choi; 2/ Nhdm lieu chf bao lue can ett theo ba nhom
ddi tupng bi chem, gidt trong trd ehoi va 3/ Nhom tieu ehi bao luc can ett vao 3
goc dp nhap vai cua ngudi choi dd xae dinh cac mtte dp bao lire co ban ciia
game.
O gdc dp tam ly hpc, cac nghien euu tren the gidi da chi ra rang, tie'p

xue vdi truyen hinh va phim co npi dung bao lire co anh hudng tieu eilc len tinh
cam, nhan thtte va hanh vi cua ngudi xem (Anderson & Bushman, 2001;
Anderson, 2004). So vdi nhung nghiCn cuu ve truydn hinh bao lite thi nhung
nghien cuu ve anh hudng cua game bao luc ddi vdi tam ly vSn la mpt chu de
tuong ddi mdi me va ehi thuc su dupe nghien euu sau trong khoang hai muoi
nam trd lai day, cac nghiPn cttu nay thttdng tap trung vao nhttng khia canh nhu
anh hudng tdi nhan thtte, tinh cam, hanh vi bao lire va hanh vi xa hoi (Wei,
2007). Trong mpt nghien ettu dupc lien hanh nam 2001, Anderson va Bushman
da stt dung long hpp cac kdt qua nghien cttu thuc nghiem vd anh hudng cua
game bao lue dd phan tich mdi quan he gitta viec tiep xue vdi game bao lue va
nhdm nam ydu td: hanh vi gay ban, nhan thtte gay ban, anh hudng gay ban,
hanh vi xa hpi tich cue (hanh vi giup dd) va kich thich sinh ly. Ket qua phan
ti'ch eho tha'y, game bao lire cd anh httdng tdi ca nam ydu td ndi tren. Cu the
hon, tidp xue vdi game bao luc lam gia tang suy nghi, cam nhan va hanh vi gay
ban, lam gia tang kich thieh gay ban, ddng thdi lam giam hinh vi xa hpi ti'ch
cue. Nhidu nghien cuu khac ettng khing dinh mdi quan he thuftn gitta viee tidp
xue vdi game bao luc va hanh vi gay bin d ngudi choi (Fling & cs., 1992;
Griffiths & Hunt, 199.'); Anderson & Dill, 2000; Ballard & Lineberger, 1999;
Lynch, Gentile, Olson & Van Brederode, 2001). Dd ly giai mdi quan he nay, ly
thuydt hpc tap xa hpi ciia Bandura (1986, trieh trong Kirsh, 2003) gia dinh

14

TAP CHI'TAM L? HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2 - 2013


rang, tidp xue vdi game bao luc cd the khoi gpi hanh vi bat ehude, ttt dd cung
cd nhiing thdi quen gay ha'n vdn cd va lam tang kich thi'ch npi tam. Theo mo
hinh lien he nhan thtte gay bin eua Berkowitz (1984, dSn theo Kirsh, 2003),
choi game bao luc tao ra va ki'ch hoat mang ludi nhttng suy nghi, hanh vi, tri

nhd va nidm tin gay ha'n. Dodge (1980) lai lap luan rang, khi dtta tre gap phai
nhttng tinh hudng kich thieh xa hpi gay hue dpc, khuynh hudng bieu hien thu
dich d nd lam meo md didn giai am hieu tinh hudng; khi dd, nd se hieu kich
thich xa hpi dd nhu mpt am hieu gay ha'n va phan ttng lai bang each gay ban
(Dodge & Frame, 1982, dan theo Kirsh, 2003). Pinker (2002) lai xem dpng co
baim sinh la yen td trung gian trong mdi quan he gitta tie'p xue vdi game bao lire
va hanh vi bao lire.
Tuy nhien, hipn nay cac ket qua nghien ettu vd anh httdng tam ly cua
game bao luc it ed su thdng nhai (Ferguson, 2010). Trong khi nhttng nghien
cttu vtta trinh bay tim ra tae dpng ciia viec choi game bao lire ddn gay ban thi
nhttng nghiPn cuu khac lai khOng phat hipn tha'y tac dpng nay (Baldaro & cs.,
2004; Durkin & Barber, 2002; Ferguson, Rueda & cs., 2008; Ferguson, San
Miguel & Hartley, 2009; Van Schie & Wiegman, 1997; Wiegman & Van
Schie, 1998; Williams & Skorie, 2005). Tham ehi, mPt sd nghien ettu phat hien
ra rang vipe ehoi game bao lire lam giam gay han (Barnett, Coulson &
Foreman, 2008; Colwell & Kato, 2003; Unsworth & cs., 2007,..).
0 Viet Nam, ed rai it nghien cttu ve tac dpng cua game den thanh thieu
nien. Cae nghien ettu mdi ehi dirng lai d viec mP ta mpt sd anh hudng, tam coi
la tieu cue ctia viec choi game online den tam ly va hanh vi cua ngudi choi
(Nguydn Thj Bieh Ha, 2006; Trin Thj Minh Dtte, 2007 va Trinh Hda Binh,
2010). Tuy nhien, do edn ban chd trong viec phan bd miu nghien cttu va each
thiet ke eau hdi eung nhtt do ludng ket qua, cae nghien euu nay dudng nhu van
chtta thoa man nhu ciu tim hieu cua ca gidi khoa hpc ISn cPng chung. Nhu vay,
game bao luc ed tac dpng tich cue hay lieu cue den ngudi choi van cdn la van
de gay nhieu tranh cai tren the gidi va ea 6 Viet Nam.
2. Phuong phap nghien cilu
Trong bdi eanh nay, chung tPi da thtte hien nghien ettu mang ten:
"Thanh thieu nien vdi game bgo life - Nhiing phdn tieh lit gdc dd tdm ly .vd hpi
vd cdc gidi phdp can thiep" dudi su tai trp cua Quy Phat trien Khoa hoc va
CPng nghe (juP'c gia (NAFOSTED) Viet Nam. NghiPn ettu dttoe tien hanh tren

4.468 khach the choi game, trong dd ed 2.903 (ehie'm 63,7%) lhanh thidu nien
tttng choi cac game bao lue ma chung tPi liet ke (30 game). DP ludi trung binh
cua khach the nghien cuu la 18,58 tudi. Nghien cuu dupe tidn hanh tren dien
rpng, khach the dupe khao sat tai cac thanh phd ldn nhu Ha Npi, thanh phd Hd
(Thi Minh, Da Nang, Hai Phdng va Vinh. Cac cong eu nghiPn cuu dude stt dung
gdm cd bang hdi, phdng va'n sau va thao luan nhdm.
TAP CHITAM LV HOC, Sd2 (167), 2-2013

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3. Ke't qua nghidn cijru va ban lu$n
3.1. Thuc trang chai game bgo life d thanh thie'u nien
- Mdc dp chai cde game bgo luc
Ti le choi cac game bao lue 6 thanh thidu nien Viet Nam cho thiy: Ddt
kich (65,1%); Dd chd (52,3%); Vo lam truydn ky (40,4%); Kidm thd (34,3%);
MU Viet Nam (27%); Biet dpi thSn td'c (24,9%); God of War III (21,2%);
Phong than (22,1%); Dac nhiem (20,3%); Game kinh dj (20,1%); Dd chd quat
khdi (19,1%); Call of Duty (15,3%); The' gidi hoan my (14,9%); Tinh vo
(13,1%); Mortal Kombat (13,0%); Anh httng Online (10,6%); Cupc chidn sinh
ttt (10,6%); Grand Theft Auto (10,4%); Thin long huyet kidm (9,9%); Ddc ba
giang hd (9,0%); BaUle Star (8,4%); Atlantica online (8,3%); Dead Space
(7,7%); Tung hoanh thien ha (7,1%); MadWorld (6,6%); Granado Espada
(6,5%); Postal (6,1%); Splatterhouse (5,0%); Soldier of Fortune (6,2%) va
Manhunt (4,9%). Cd the tha'y, trong cac game bao luc chung tdi neu ra, 2 game
ed tl le ngttdi choi dat tren 50%. Dd la Dot ki'ch (65,1%) va Dd chd (52,3%).
Cae game khac cd li le ngttdi ehoi kha nhieu, dd la Vo Lam Truyen Ky (40,4%)
va Kiem thd (34,3%).'
Mpt didm dang chu y la, nhuug game dupe nhieu td ehttc xdp hang
game danh gia la rai bao luc (Spatterhouse, Manhunt, Soldier of Fortune,

Postal, Grand Theft Auto, Dead Space...) lai cd ti le thanh thie'u nien chdi 6
mtte tha'p, dao dpng ttt khoang 5% ddn 8%. Didu nay eho thay. nhieu game bao
luc ndi tidng tren thd gidi ehua thtte su xam nhap vao thi trudng Viet Nam va ed
thd VI nhttng ly do van hoa eung nhtt ttt duy thalm my, nhttng game bao luc nay
eung khong gay dupc sttc hut ldn ddi vdi thanh thie'u nien Viet Nam hipn nay!
- Dgc diem bgo liic trong cdc game md thanh thie'u nien thudng chai
Kei qua ttt bang 1 eho tha'y, mPt sd IttOng ldn thanh thie'u nien choi
game bao lire va hp nhan thtte dttpc rang game bao lire khong he hay va bd ich.
Bdng 1: Cde cdnh trong game md thanh thidu nien thitdng chffi
Ddc diem cua game

Ti le %

Canh dam, chem, da'm, da, danh dSp, dau roi mau chay, cac bo
phan ca th^ ngu6i bi huy hoai

54,6

Cac hanh dong huy diet cac vat the. lhanh pho. dpng vat hay
quai vSt

43,3

Canh rung ron, kinh di. qu&n quai, dau ddn cua con ngu6i

22,7

Canh thoa man. khoai tra ciia ke gay toi ac

21,8

TAP CHITAM LY HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2-2013


Lien quan tdi dac didm cac game bao Ittc ma thanh thidu nien thudng
choi, cd khoang 5,8% tdng sd thanh thieu nien dupc hdi trong nghien ciiu
khdng thtta nhan nhttng hinh anh bao luc trong cae game bao lue ma chung tdi
liet ke, trong khi hSu hdt nhihig ngudi choi game bao luc nay deu nhan thSy
tinh chSt bao lire eua trd choi (bang 1).
- Thfii gian chai game trong ngdy
PhSn ldn thanh thie'u nien ehoi game trong nghien cuu nay choi ttt 1 ddn
3 tieng/ngay (ehie'm 45,2%). Vdi khoang thdi gian choi nhu vay, da sd khach
the choi vdi rnuc dieh giai tri. Nhttng khach the ehoi ttt 3 de'n 5 tidng/ngay
(18,6%) ed thd xdp vao dang bi ap luc bdi game va nhdm choi tren 5 tieng/ngay
(ehie'm 12,9%) nhieu kha nSng thupc nhdm nghipn game.

Diroi 1 tieng

r'*^-'~--'.;.0<^-'.gmsmm 23.3

Tirl -duo13tieng

mmli^^'&^^-''M^^,-

Tir3-difoi5tieng

wkMimmm

Tren5 tieng

145.2

18.6

mmmmm 12.9
0

10

20

30

40

50

Bieu dd I: So gid trong ngdy ddnh cho chcri game (%)
Ve gidi tinh, nam gidi va ntt gidi trong nhdm khach the ed su khac biet
dang ke ve thdi Ittpng ehoi game. Ti le choi game dudi 1 tieng/ngay d nam
chiem 20,4%, d ntt eon sd nay la 34,9%. Trong khi d ba nhdm thdi gian edn lai
(ttt 1 tidng de'n trdn 5 tidng) thi ti le cua nam gidi ddu trpi hon so vdi ntt gidi.
3.2. Mpt so bieu hien tdm ly d ngudi chai game bgo luc
- Dpng ca chai game bgo luc
Cd nhidu ly do kien thanh thidu nien mudn choi game. Cac ly do nay ed
the dupe phan thanh nhttng nhdm ddng co ldn khac nhau. Theo dd, eac ly do
lien quan ddn dae diem ciia chinh trd chai chidm ti le ap dao (41,6% ngudi choi
nhah manh den nhdm ly do nay). Tuy nhien, viec khdng dinh bdn thdn (chidm
30,4%) va duac giao luu vdi ngudi khdc (chiem 29,6%) eung ddng vai trd quan
TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2-2013

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trpng khong kdm trong viee IPi keo thanh thie'u nien ddn vdi game bao lire. Ddi
vdi nhieu thanh thidu nien, didu thu hut nhai trong game online chinh la tinh
cpng ddng va liPn kdt gitta nhung ngudi choi vdi nhau; ngttdi choi game ldi keo
biin be vao ehoi eung, rdi sau dd cac bang hpi, lien minh dttpc thanh lap trong
gamfe dd giup gan kdt ngttdi ehoi vdi nhau hon ntta va qua dd, game vd tinh da
giup eho ngudi choi tim dttpc linh ban thdng qua the' gidi ao. Ngoai ra, rit
nhieu thanh thieu niCn tim de'n game vi coi dd nhtt mpt phuang thdc hu ddp
giiip vif0 qua nhiing khd khdn, bdt logi trong cupc sdng hang ngay (chidm
29,5%). Vdi nhttng trttdng hop nay, giao di6n dep cung nhttng thach do, ganh
dua trong game tao ra d ngudi ehoi su hung pha'n, khien cho hp cd cam giac
duoc giai tda, Dae biel, trong cupc sdng hiPn dai d cac dp thi ldn, nhip sdng hdi
ha va nhidu ap iuc khien gidi Ire dd ed nhung va'n dd tam ly, hp can tim duoc sir
binh dn eung nhu ldi giai dap eho nhttng khue mac eua minh, nhttng dieu nay
cang de khien hp tim den game dd trdn tranh ap lire, de hien thuc hda nhung
didu ma ngoai ddi khong the hoae khdng dupe lam do cam doan, dinh kidn cua
gia dinh va xa hpi.
- Nhdn thtic cua ngudi chai game ve ede mdc dp dnh hifdng eua game
bgo life tdi cdc ky ndng eita ngudi chai
2,92

""'-'•'"

2 91

2 39

2,89

—'

i^=».

Tanglen

2 86
•

•

2,81

•M.4])

Binh thuang

giam sut

Khanangdu
Khanangsang
doan tmh huong
tao

Khanangti/ve

Khanang tuong Ky nang giao tiep-Kynang quan sat
tuong

ungxu-xahoi

Bieu dd 2: Nhdn Ihifc eiia ngitdi chai ve mite dp dnh hudng
cua game bgo lite ldi cdc khd ndng cua hg
Trong cac ydu td anh hudng cua viee choi game bao luc ma chung tdi
neu ra, ky nang nao eung dttpc ngudi choi danh gia la "tang len" nhd choi

'^

TAP CHI TAM Lf HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2 - 2013


game va khong co ky nang nao bi danh gia 6 miic "giam sut" hoac "rat giam
Slit" do chcfi game. Dieu nay cang cung c6 lap luan ve viec da so thanh thi6'u
ni6n chcfi game bao luc deu c6 cai nhin lac quan va tfch cue v^ game. Ve di^m
nky, nhieu nghien ciiu ciing da chiing minh duoc mot so diem manh cua viSc
choi game dieu dp va hop ly, bao gom viec cai thien thj luc ciia mat, tang
cucfng kha nang tir duy logic, ki'ch thi'ch phoi hofp giua tay va mat, nang cao tdc
d6 phan iing va cai thien kha nang tap trung chii y.
- Cdm xiic ciia ngucfi chen sau khi chen game
Trong cac cam xiic chiing tOi nfiu ra {6 bieu 66 3), "Mudn tie'p tuc Chdi
de tim hieu, khdm phd, thich phieu lifu mao hiem" duoc nhi^u ngudi lua chon
nhSit sau khi chai game. Ngoai ra, ti le 28,3% ngu6i chon "khong thdy co doc vi
CO ngudi khdc ciing chia se tro chai v&i minh" cung cho thay siic hiit ciia yeu tO'
xa h6i trong game. Game cho phep ngu6i chai tao dung moi quan he xa hoi v6i
ngu6i chai khac; d6i vdi nhieu tre em, c6ng d6ng ao tra thanh noi chiing cam
tha'y an toan, duac cha'p nhan nhat, nai chiing co the giao luu, tro chuyen, b6c
16 cam xiic ma khdng so bi ngudi khac phat hien hay danh gia. Day la nhiing
di6u tre khSng d6 gi thuc hien duac trong the gi6i thuc, dac biet la khi chting
khOng CO quan he tdt v6i gia dinh, ban be va lai bi bo rai a trudng.

Mucin tiep luc choi de tim liieu, l^tiam plia, tliicli
phieu lu'u mao litem

1 31,4

Thoai mai vi du'o-c trai nghiem cam xue. mong
mu6n, suy nghT ciia nhan vat mmh sap vai

28.6

Khong cam tli4y c6 doc vi co ngu-oi khac cung chia
se tro Choi voi mmh

28,3

Tro choi hay va bo ich
Cam thay phan chin khi duoc nhimg mon do, tier
hay danh vong cho nhan vat cua mmh
M^t moi. cing thing vi phai tap trung cao do tn nao
va cong su'c

1 25
1 22 9

121

Bieu dd 3: Cdm xue cua ngifdi chai sau khi chai game
Khi dttOC hdi vd cam xue mdt ngay ma khdng duoc choi game, cd
61,8% ngttdi dupe hdi tra ldi rang ho cam tha'y "binh thttdng", 17,1% cam tha'y

TAP CHI'TAM Vf HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2 - 2013

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"hoi khd chiu", 8,3% cam tha'y "khd ehju", 6,9% cam tha'y "thoai mai" va chi
ed 5,9% "khdng thd tap trung vio viPc khac". Kdt qua nghien cvta edn eho tha'y,
nhttng game bao lire hang nang cd ti le ngudi cam tha'y "hoi khd chiu" cao hon
so vdi nhttng game bao luc edn lai. Trong sd nhttng ngttdi cam tha'y hoi khd
chiu, ed tdi 25,5% ehoi trSn 5 tidng/ngay va 32% choi ttt 3 - 5 tidng/ngay. Nhu
vay, nhttng ngudi choi eSc game bao luc hang nang cd xu hudng danh thdi gian
cho game (tren 5 tidng) nhidu hon ban so vdi nhttng nhdm cdn lai; nhdm nay,
theo thdng ke vd khach thd, cung ddng thdi la nhdm cd ti le choi dem cao nhit
va ti le cam thay mPt mdi, cang thang nhidu nhit. Dieu nay khing dinh mdi
hen quan gitta sttc tliu hut cua game bao luc hang nang, thdi gian danh cho
game, thdi didm chdi game va su bttt rut, khd chiu khi khdng dupc ehoi game.
Nhdm ngudi choi quy lu day dii nhttng ydu td neu tren ed le la nhdm ed trieu
ehttng nghien game.
Phan tieh mdi quan he gitta viec nhap vai trong game va cam xue ti'ch
cue ciia ngudi choi, ket qua (bang 3) cho tha'y, trong ta't ca nhung nhan vSt ma
ngudi choi nhap vai, "Ad hiiy diet" la nhan vat khidn ngudi choi "ihodi mdi vi
dugc trdi nghtem cdm xdc, mong mudn. suy nghT eiia cde nhdn vdt minh sdm
vat"' nhidu nha't. Vai "ke' huy diet" thudng gan vdi nhung ydu td mang tinh huy
hoai, tan pha va hung ac, ho hanh dpng thudng theo y dd, mong mud'n ca nhan.
Dd la mpt hinh anh mang tinh tich cue, nhung kdt qua didu tra vd game bao luc
lai cho tha'y nhan vat nay khidn nhidu thanh thie'u niCn cam thay thoai mat, vi
dttpc trai nghiem nhieu cam xue, mong mudn. Ne'u nhan vat ma ngttdi choi lira
chpn phan anh tinh each cua chinh hp thi ket qua nay dang dd chung ta suy
ngam va tim ra ldi giai thich thda dang.

Bdng 3: So sdnh tuang quan giita ti le ngudi chat cam thdy
thodi mdi, mgnh me, tit tin khi nhdp vai
Cam nhan cua ngucri chcri
khi dugc nhap vao cac vai

Anh hung

Thu lmh

Kehijy
diet

Thoai mai vi dugc trai nghiem nhutig cam xiic,
mong muon, suy nghi trong cac vai

31%

30,4%

38,6%

Cam tha'y manh me, tu tin vao ban thSn khi
dugc nhap vai

21%

22,3%

28,6%

Lien quan den nhan vat sdm vai va cam giac "mgnh me, til tin vdo bdn
than", bang 3 cho thay, nhung ngudi nhap vai ke huy diet van cd ti le "cam
thdy mgnh me vd lif tin vdo bdn thdn" cao nhat vdi 28,6% lua chpn, tiep dd la
nhttng ngttdi nhap vai thu linh vdi 22,3% va chi cd 21% nhttng ngudi nhap vai
anh hung cam thay manh me va tu tin vao ban than sau khi choi game.
20

TAP CHI'TAM L? HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2-2013


Nhan vat ma ngttdi choi mudn nhap vai luon the hien suy nghT, mong
mudn cua ngudi choi. Vdi nhidu thanh nien gap eae va'n dd khd khan ngoai ddi
thuc, hp cd thd tim de'n game vdi mong mudn giai tda ndi khat khao, sir a'm tte.
Nhttng nhan vat nhtt "ke hiy diet" trong game khac hpa tinh hung bao ma
ngudi choi mud'n the hien nhtt la mpt ngudn xa tttc gian, cang thang tttc thdi.
Didu nay giup ngudi ehoi trut bd ndi a'm tte, phien mupi, ma hp gap phai trong
cupc sdng, trong hpc dudng va nghd nghipp. Tuy nhien xet ttt gdc dp giao due,
each trut bd phien mudi bang each nhap vai vao "ke buy diet" la khong hd ti'ch
cue. Thanh thie'u niPn cin hoc eae each ttng xtt lanh manh hon, nhu ddi thoai
vdi va'n dd xay ra, chia se cam xue, cd cae hanh dpng tich cue thay thd, hpc
each cha'p nhan va rut kinh nghiPm.
- Tifddnh gid ve xu hudng hdnh vi sau khi chai game bgo life
Cac loai hanh vi anh hudng tieu cue duoc chung toi nhdm vao mpt sd
nhdm lien quan ddn hpc dudng, giao tidp, the chat, tinh than, cam xue va xa
hpi. Ke't qua nghien ettu cho tha'y, da sd thanh thidu nien ddu nhan manh vao
nhung hanh vi hoac xu httdng hanh vi tieu cue cua hp sau khi choi game bao
luc: Vi du: ed 57,4% thanh thieu nien eho rang choi game bao luc se dan tdi rdi
loan hanh vi hpc dudng; 53,3% nha'n manh de'n rdi loan cam xue; 42,8% eho
rang'hp cd hanh vi bao lue tinh thSn (trung binh); 29,2% - bao lire thd chat va
rdi loan giao tiep la 21,5%. Tuy nhien, ket qua dieu tra cdn cho thay, ed tdi

12,8% ngttdi dttpc hdi cho rang choi game bao luc khidn hp mudn giup dd
ngttdi khac va 14,7% ngttdi dttpc hdi eho rang game bao luc khong gay ra anh
hudng gi IPn hanh vi eua hp, du la tich cue hay lieu cue.
Bdng 4: Tucmg quan giita dnh hudng cua chai game bgo life ldi sdc khde
vd tdi ede hogt dpng sdng
~~~~~-——-__^^^ Anh hirong den sire khoe
Anh hirong den cuoc song

~———.^^

Chuyen hoc hanh/cOng viec ciia tOi bi anh
hircmg hay siit kem bcri chai game
T6i cam thSy cham tit, xao nhang khi thuc
hien c6ng viec de ra
Tai cam giac bi bo roi trong cac hoat dOng
chung
Vl choi game nen tuong tac cua t6i vdi ban be
itdi

TAPCHITAM L?HOC, Sd2 (167), 2 - 2013

Choi game khien
sire khoe cua toi
suy giam

Toi boph&ea ngay
vi thiic khuya ehoi
game

0,586

(p < 0,0005)

0.619
(p < 0,0005)

0.621
(p < 0,0005)

0.643
(p < 0.0005)

0,614
(p < 0,0005)

0,709
(p < 0.0005)

0,680
(p < 0,0005)

0,750
(p < 0,0005)

21


Xem xet anh hudng cua game bao lire tdi eac khia canh cua cudc sd'ng
tam ly - xa hdi ciia ngttdi choi, kdt qua bang 4 chd tha'y, choi game bao lire qua
do d5n tdi nhttng anh hudng tieu cue ddn kdt qua hpc tap, lam viec va chSt
luong cac mdi quan he giao luu xa hdi d thanh thidu niPn. Trong dd, chit luong

cae tuong tac xa hpi la ydu td bi anh httdng nhieu hdn ca. Didu nay eon giup
chung tdi dua ra gia thuyet rang sttc khde la bidn trung gian gitta viec choi
game qua dp (bidn ddc lap) va ddi sdng tam ly - xa hdi cda ngudi choi (bidn
phu thupe).
Kdt qua vd tudng quan gitta anh httdng eua viec choi game ddn cac ydu
id tam ly va anh hudng cia vipc choi game ddn ke't qua hoc tap, lam viec giup
chung tdi mpt \in ntta khing dinh ring eac tttong tac xa hdi la ydu td bi anh
hudng nhieu hon ca bdi viec choi game, du ydu td trung gian lien quan de'n sttc
khde hay ddi sdng tam ly (bang 5).
Bdng 5: Tuang quan giiia dnh hudng eua vtec chai game bgo life den
cdc yeu tdtdm ly vd den kdt qud hgc tap. ldm vice
^^^^^^

Ke't quii hoc tap

Cac yeu td tam ly

^^^^

T6i thucmg hdi tircmg lai nhOng
cam xiic khi chai game
T6i Iu6n suy nghi ve nhimg
game da choi
T6i cam tha'y b6n chdn khi
khdng th^ chai game
Tdi CO nhimg gia'c mo, lucmg
luong hen quan dd'n game
Tdi cam tha'y nhimg lo lang
khong rd nguyen nhan
Mdi sang thuc day, didu dSu

lien trong dSu ldi la game

Hoc hanh/cong
viec ciia loi bi
anh huang, sut
kem boi choi
game

Toi thay cham
tre, sao lang
trach nhiem
trong thuc
hien cdng viec

Vi choi game
nen luong tac
ciia tdi vdi ban
be it di

0,357

0,404

0,397

(p< 0,0005)

(p< 0,0005)

(p< 0.0005)

0,444

0,491

0.456

(p < 0,0005)

(p< 0,0005)

(p < 0.0005)

0,543

0,576

0,631

(p < 0,0005)

(p< 0,0005)

(p < 0,0005)

0.540

0,579

0,613

(p < 0.0005)

(p < 0,0005)

(p< 0,0005)

0.590

0,631

0,643

(p < 0,0005)

(p < 0,0005)

(p < 0,0005)

0,579

0,630

0,686

(p< 0,0005)

(p < 0,0005)

(p < 0,0005)

Nhtt vay, choi game bao luc qua dp se gay ra nhttng anh httdng trite tiep
tdi sttc khde va tam ly cua ngttdi choi va edn gay anh hudng tiPu cue tdi kdt qua

22

TAP CHiTAM LV HOC, Sd2 (167), 2 - 2013


hpc tap, lam viee va chit lupng cung nhu iia suit eae quan he xa hdi cua ngudi choi.
4. Thay ldi ket: Kinh nghiem ve quan ly choi game bao lire ctia cha
me dd'i vdi con
Vd viee quan ly game bao lire, nha phat hanh mpt sd game (vi du nhu
Dpt kich) da yeu cau ngttdi su dung phai didn sd ehttng minh thu nhan dan khi
dang ky tai khoan. Tuy nhien, each thtte nay ed vd chua thue sir mang lai hieu
qua triet de trong viee han chd tre em ehoi game bao luc. Thue id eho tha'y,
nhidu ngudi ehoi cd thd stt dung sd chung minh thu nhan dan cua ngudi khae
hoac tham chf la nhap tuy tien ma'y con sd. Vdi sd luong ngudi choi khdng Id
nhu vay thi viee kidm soat tinh chan thuc thPng tin cac tai khoan nhu vay
dudng nhu la didu khong the.
Nhung kdt qua nghien euu ma chung tPi vtta trinh bay d trPn eho tha'y,
ben canh nhiing anh httdng ed vd lieu cue eua game online ndi chung, game
bao lire ndi rieng, loai hinh giai tri nay vSn mang den nhttng hieu ttng lieh cue,
dac biet la trong ddi sd'ng tam ly eua ngudi ehoi. Van de dat ra la: trong mot xa
hpi ma su dung internet va choi game online da trd thanh didu hidn nhien,
khdng thd loai trtt, vay lam sao cd thd tan dung dupe nhttng anh hudng tich cue
ciia chung?
Cac nghien ciru cho tha'y, ydu td gia dinh tae dpng rat ldn den hanh vi
cua gidi tre, dae biet Ire em d Itta tudi vi thanh nien. Khi bd me vl nhttng ly do
khac nhau da khdng danh thdi gian nha't dinh de quan tam tdi con cai thi van de

thanh thidu nipn bi nghien game, bi ap lire bdi game ed the xay ra d mpi gia
dinh. Thdng thudng phan ung ban dau cua cha me khi bidt con nghien game la
hue bpi, can ban, sau dd la ran de, ca'm doan. Nhirng phan ttng nay chi lam tang
them khoang each gitta cha me va con cai. Hiep hpi Tam ly hoe My dua ra mPt
sd bien phap giup bd me kiem soat viec choi game cua con:
- Bd me hieu vdn de eiia con: Neu ed nhimg dau hieu nhan thay con trd
nen hung dtt hoac bat dn sau khi ehoi trd choi video bao lue, thi phu huynh
khdng mua cae trd choi dd, ba't kd dp tudi nao ciia con. Tuong tu nhu vay, neu
bidt con thich choi trd choi vdi cae nhan vat gidng nhu minh mudn thi bd me
mua cac trd choi vdi cac nhan vat phu hop.
- Bd me dgc bdng phdn logi game: Ta't ca eae video va trd choi may tfnh
nen dupc danh gia cho phu hpp tudi tae duoc in nhan ben ngoai cua trd choi.
Bd me hay dpc eae ehi din mP ta trd ehoi dupe tdm tat bPn ngoai san pham va
bd me eung nen dpc ta't ca cae hudng dan stt dung game de chac ehan rang lieu
trd choi dd cd phu hpp vdi eon va lieu trong game dd cd chtta npi dung ma cae
bac phu huynh khong mudn con tiep xue.

TAP CHi TAM LY HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2-2013

23


- T-jm hieu them ve bdng xep hgng game: Phu huynh nen tim hieu ve
bang xdp hang phan loai cac game tren thi trttdng ciia cic nha san xuJt hay td
ehttc qudc gia. Bd-me nen doc cac thdng tin duoc eung ea'p ben ngoai san phani
de ed nhung thdng tin can thidt vd su hien dien cua gidi tfnh va sir da dang ve
chiing tdc, dinh kidn trong eac trd choi.
- Bdme ddng nhdp vdo ede trang mgng dd tim hidu vd he thdng va eae
thang do danh gia ed y nghia nhu thd nao va cac thdng tin chi tidt. Ngoai ra, bd
me cd thd truy e'ap vao hang san xua't, phan phd'i trd ehoi tren cac trang web de

tim hidu them\e npi dung cua trd choi.
- Bd me thue thit trUdc khi mua cdc tro chai cho con: Nhidu ctta hang
cho thue video cung thue cac trd choi video. Hay chay thu trudc khi ban mua
mpt trd choi.
- Ndi chuyen vdi ede phu huynh khde: Tan hieu trd ehoi ma cac bac cha
me khae thich va khong thich cung nhu nhttng trd choi ma hp cho con cua ban
choi khi be da tdi tham nha cua hp. Day la mpt each tdt dd tim hieu ve cac trd
choi ma con ban thfch, trd choi ma cha me khae chap nhan va de cho cac phu
huynh khac bidt nhttng trd choi ma ban khong mud'n con eua ban chot.
- Chai ede trd chai vdi eon: Bidt nhung gi con duoc tidp xue va each
chung phan ung vdi cac tfnh nang khac nhau trong eae trd choi.
- Noi ve nhidig gi bd me thay: Nen ndi vdi con vd nhung gi minh nhin
tha'y va thda thuan vdi con nhttng dieu nCn va khdng nen.
- Thiel lap gidi hgn: Neu phu huynh dang lo lang rang con danh qua
nhidu thdi gian choi trd choi video, gidi ban sd luong thdi gian hoac chi dinh
thdi gian trong ngay rang eae trd choi video cd thd dupe choi.
- Ddt ede trd chai trong mpt khdng gian eong epng: May tfnh nen dat
trong khdng gian md de bd me ed the quan sat hay biet dttOe nhttng gi con dang
choi.
- Lien he vcfi nhd sdn xudi game: Ne'u cha me tim tha'y tai liPu ma minh
nghT la gay khd chiu hoae khdng thich hdp eho nhiing ngudi lam va ban cae trd
choi bie't ve nd. Tuong tu nhu vay, dd cho cac nha san xua't trd choi bidt ne'u bd
me bidt mpt trd ehoi eung ea'p tin nhan hoac hinh anh lanh manh,
Chu thieh
1. Chung tpi xin dupc dung thuat ngtt game thay eho tat ca eae trd ehoi dien ti duoc
dinh nghia 6 tren. Ngoai ra, nghidn cttu ciia chung toi nham vao thanh thie'u nien choi
game bao luc, vi vay trong bai vie't nay thuat ngu game dupe hidu la game bao lue.
2. Entertainment Software Ratings Board.

24

TAP CHiTAM ly HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2 - 2013


Tai lieu tham khao
1. Anderson C. A.. An update on the effects of playing violent video games. Journal of
Adolescence. 27, lr. 113 - 122, 2004.
2. Anderson C A . & Dill K.E.. Video games and aggiessive thoughts, feelings, and
behavior in the lahoratorv and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.
78 (4). tr. 772 - 790, 2000.
3. Anderson C A . & Bushman B.J., Effects of violeiu video games im aggressive
behavior, aggressive cognition, aggressive affect, physiological arinisal, and
prosocial behavior: A meta-analytic review of the scientific lileraliire. Psychological
Science 12, tr. 3 5 3 - 3 5 9 . 2 0 0 1 .
4. Ballard M.E., & Lineberger R., Video game violence and confedetale gendereffects on rewatd andpnnishmetu given by college males. Sex Roles, 41, tr. 541 - 548.
1999.
5. Barlett C.P., C A . Anderson & cs., \ idea Game Effecls - Confirmed. Siispecled, and
Spectilalive. Simulation & Gaming 40 (3), tr. 377. 2009.
6. Farrar K.M,. M. Krcmar & cs.. Coiilexnial features of violent video games, mental
models, and aggtctston. Journal of Communication 56 (2), lr. 387 - 405. 2006.
7. Ferguson C.J., Blazing angels or resident evil? Can violent video games be a force
for good^ Review of General Psychology 14 (2), tr. 68. 2010.
8. Fling S., Smith L., Rodnguez T., Thornton D.. Atkins E.. & Nixon K.. Video
games, aggression, and self-esteem: a survey. Social Behavior and Personality. 20. lr.
3 9 - 4 6 , 1992.
9. Griffiths M.D., & Hunt N., Compuler games playing adolescence: prevalence and
demogt-aphic indicators. Journal of Community and Applied Social Psychology. 5, tr.
189 - 193, 1995.
10. Kirsh S.J., The effecls of violeiu video games on adolescents: The overlooked
influence of development. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 8, tr. 37? - 389, 2003.

11. Nguydn Ngpc Diep & Tran Thi Minh Due, Cdc kiidi sii diing internet vd ke hogch
tuang lai cita vi thdnh nien. Tap chi Tam ly hpc, sd 6/2012, tr. 13 - 24, 2012.
12. Tran Thi Minh Due, Phdn lieh lit gdc dp tdm ly hge. Vi sao gidi lie' Ihich game
ontoe.'Tap chi Tam ly hoc, sd 10/2007, tr. 12- 18.2007.
13. TrSn Thi Minh Due. Hdnh vi gdy hdn - Phdn lieh id gdc do ldm ly hoc .ui hdi. Ha
Npi, NXB DHQG Ha Npi, 2010.

TAP CHi TAM Lt HOC, Sd 2 (167), 2 - 2 0 1 3

35


14. TrSn Thi Minh Diic & Nguyen Ngoc Diep, Violent video game playing among
Vietnamese adolescents and young adidls; A social psychological analysis, Bao cao
tai H6i nghi quoc te' lACAPAP, Paris, 21 - 25/7/2012.
15. Wei R.. Effects of Playing Violent Videogames on Chinese Adolescents' ProViolence Attitudes. Atlitudes Toward Others, and Aggressive Behavior,
CyberRsychology & Behavior, 10 (3). lr. 371 - 380, 2007.
16. Wikipedia, Webgame, Truy cap ngay 13 thang 8 nam 2011 \\x ducmg dan:
hltp://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webgame, 2011.

^^

TAP CHI'TAM LV HOC, S6' 2 (167), 2 - 2013