Tôn trọng sự khác biệt bẩm sinh

Cac ba me hieu ro sir khac biet thien bam giiia cac con cua minh

Ton troM svt khae biet bam sinb
I Nguyen Khanh Trung

Qua hang chuc cupc phong
van v6i cac ba me Phap va Viet
Nam xoay quanh chij de ve
giao due gia dinh, quan niem
va phu'ong each giao due, mot
dieu noi bat, mot diem chung
ma chung toi c6 the rut ra do la
cac ba me nhan thu'c va mo ta
sU khac biet noi tt/ng du'a tre
mpt each song dpng, day siJ
cuon hut.TL/ nhan thufc nay, da
so hp eho rang, giao dijc khong
nen la sU ap dat mpt khuon
mau nao do len tat ca tre nho.

40

T!9^?!r*9 www Itasang com vn

T

dt nhd d dau dd trong tac pham Emile hay Id vi
gido diic, Rousseau da khen cdc bd me la nhirng
nha giao dye vT dai. Qua that, cac ba me ma chting
tdi phdng van da dua ra nhiing due kfit nhu nhiing
nhd Iy Iudn vd thuc hanh gido dye chuyen nghiep mac du da

sd hg chang hgc hanh hay cd bdng cap gi nhifiu. Nhiing diic
kfit ciia hg binh di nhimg cd site thuyet phuc, danh dd nhifiu
ly thuyel nghien ciiu trong xa hgi hgc va giao dye hpc theo
trudng phai quyfit dinh Iudn, kieu cho rang bdi canh xung
quanh, sy gido dye cita ngudi Idn la nhirng yfiu td quyfit dinh
nhan each ciia tre nhd. Nhiing ket Iuan ciia hg, cac ba me
Phap va Viet, ciing td cao sy sai trai cita nhiing qudc gia cd
nen giao dye tap quyfin, nhirng noi Iiia tat ed tre nhd vao
ehung mdt cai khung va cd tinh dtic chung trd nen gidng
nhau nhu nhirng robot.
SU KHAC Bitr c6 TINH THIEN BAM NOI TR^ NH6
Cac ba me Phap va Viet Nam ma chiing tdi ndi chuy?n
thuang cd hai con trd lfin, cd ba me cd den sdu con. Hp la
ngudi gdn gui va dong vai trd het sire quan trgng trong vi?c
giao dye con cai. Chiing tdi trich ngay vai doan difin hinh
lien quan dfin sy khac biet not tre nhd. Mgt ba me Phap c6
bdn ngudi con nhin nhdn:
Hodn todn khdc biet, moi chdu moi ve. Chdu ddu nhd toi
Id con gdi nhung Igi co mdu nghe si, luon song tren mdy. No
Ion xon. bira bdi, vd no thich song nhu the. Con ngudi em ke
S621.NGAY05.11.2014


lai nguac hdn, thich guan sdt, thich todn hoc.
ddnh cho tat cd cac con nhu phep lich su, sy tdn
thich str chinh xdc vd ro rdng. No cdng thich doc,
trgng ngudi khac, tdn trgng su khdc biet. tinh ty
toi noi v&i anh, no co the & trong phong doc sdch
lap... Nhung de dat duoc nhung dieu ndy thi phdi
tiiy timg dira con de hudng ddn, de ndi chuyen, de

cd buoi md chdng sao. Con cdu thd ba thi Igi
cd nhiing ddi sach. Ba me Phdp cd sau ngudi con
chdng giong ai trong nhd ndy, chdu thich the thao
dua ra radt hinh anh:
mgc ddu toi vd chong toi khong ai co khieu the
thao. Cdi gi cdng ca bdp. hunghitc... Chuyen hoc
Gido due con cdi ciing nhir chdm mot cdi cdy.
hdnh v&i cgu ta Id chuyen thu yeu, cung den
phdi tuy theo timg dua de tic&i nu&c. bon phdn cho
tru&ng. cUng sdch va nhu ai, nhung hinh nhu
phit hap thi mai giup con tu lan len duac. Co chdu
khong thu vi cho ldm .' (cu&i). Con chdu ut thi chi
thi cdn nhe nhdng khuyen rdn, cdng co chdu thi
cdn den cdc hinh phgt. Nhimg ngay cd chuyen ndy
m&i bon tuoi, thich ba me vuot ve. vi qud nho nen
cUng tiiy. Chdng hgn, neu phgt cdi
chdu chua boc lo ro Idm, nhimg co
diea md no thich doc, co d&i song
le Id mdu so chung cua tdt cd cdc
fihitng liet lugn cua ho, cdc
hir&ng noi bdng cdch nhot no
anh chi no..
trong phong co ddy sdch thi no
Mdt ba me Viet Nam cd hai con ba me Phap va Viet, cung to
hgnh
phuc qud (cu&i). con neu dp
cao
sti
sai
trai

cua
nhitng
Irai md td mdt each gidn di:
Co, moi dua moi tinh. Vi du quoc gia co nen giao due tap dung hinh phgt do v&i cat dira
thich dl, thich hogt dong thi m&i Id
nhu ban do qudn thi thdng kia thi quyen, nhifng ncti iua tat ca
hlnh phat. .
ban mdu nhat. thdng ndy thi khoai tre nho vao chung mgt cdi
Ngoat sy khac biel, dira tre cdn
ban mdu dgm. Hai anh em hai tinh
i(hung va cotinh due chung
la nhtrng Ihuc Ihfi chu dgng trong
ky ldm. An uong cung vgy. dua dn
trcf nen giong nhau nhU
qua trinh hinh thanh nhan each,
rau dua khong dn rau.
chir khdng phai la nhitng Ihyc the
Cdn rdt nbieu nhiing minh hga nhiJ^g con ngt/cti robot.
Ihu ddng chiu sy dtic nan cua
Iuong Iy md td sy khdc biet noi
^^^^^^^
ngudi ldn. Tai ca cdc ba me deu
con nhd.
Ihdy
ma chting Idt ciing thdy rdl ro,
Cac bd me nhan manh sy khac
la diia Ire ngay tir lpi Idng, chiu sy giao due ciia
bi?t giira dita tre ndy va dira Ire khac, giira tre nam
ngudi ldn nhung tre khdng ngdi yfin dfi ngudi ldn
va Ire nil, la nhijng khac bifit cd tinh thien bdm

mudn lam gi thi lam. Chang han chuyfin mdt diia
trudc khi tiep xiic vdi giao due cua ngudi Idn. Va
Ire khdc khi chua biel ndi, va ngudi ldn den bdng
mpl dieu thii vt khac ma chung tdi kham phyc cac
nd, cho an, ru ngii... la mdt hanh ddng chii dpng
ba me hon nhifiu cac quan chti'c giao due cdp cao
cua tre tuong lac vdi ngudi ldn nham dat dugc y
la, vi nhdn Ihirc su khdc biel noi con edi cd Iinh
mudn ciia minh. Vdi thdi gian, con cai chung la du
bdm sinh nhu thfi, nfin khdng ai nd dp dai len lat
sy thdng mmh de Ihyc hten nhung y do iheo sd
ca cac con ciing mdt myc tteu va cung mpl khudn
thich rieng hay it niia la tim dugc lifing ndi trong
mau giao due.
nhirng dieu ma cac tre budc phai thi hanh. Day
Hg udc mo mdt tuang lai tdt dep cho con, ho
cung la mgi difim quan Irgng khac can luu y Irong
CO gdng hudng ddn, day dd (ve khoan nay thi cd
giao due.
sy khdc bifit rdt rd giira cac ba me Phap va Viet
Nam ma chting tdi chua cd difiu kien trinh bay d
VAl SUY NGHI ve GlAO DUG TRONG
day), nhung phdi tiiy vao tirng dira con. chir
N H A TRUONG VIET NAM
khdng the dp dung vdt Idi ca cac con citng mdt
Tir nhiing bai hoc cua cac ba me, lam chiing la
each thirc va muc tifiu. Mdt bd me Viet cd mdt trat
lien he \a suy nghT nhieu difiu trong giao due phd
mgi gai chia se:
ihdng hifin nay Tgi sao cdc bd me. von chdng duac

Khong. moi dua mgt cdch em ai. do tinh cdch
ddo tgo gi trong cdc tnr&ng sir phgm. md nhin ru
v&i lgi nam khdc. ntf khdc md cimg dp dung chung
nhung chuyen md Rousseau. Piagel dd nhin ra.
ttiQt khudn mdu Id khong duac...
cdn
nhirng ngirai co trdch nhiem v&i h^ thong gido
Cdc bd m? Phdp lai cang td ra dan chii hon kht
due ctia chimg ta hien nay co le it nhieu din/c ddo
tudn ddi eon hg Iam Irung tdm Irong gido dye. Ho
tgo lai khong nhin ru. hay nhin ra nhung vdn dp
cd nhiing nguyfin tdc chung. nhimg chd dgi chung
Sdai.NGAY 05.11.2014

wliasaog com.vn

Tia5dng

41


LGIACLDUI

Vdi thdi gian, con cdi chung fa du sU thong minh
de thuc hien nhdng y do theo sd thich rieng hay it
nOfa la tint di/ac tieng noi trong nhOng dieu ma cac
tre buoc phai thi hanh. Day cung la mot diem
quan trgng lihac can Ittu y trong giao due.

Giao due lihdng phai Id hdnh dgng bd chung tdt

cd con em vdo ciing mgt cdi Ifhung, ddu cho cdi
khung do cd tot idnh the ndo, huong ho day Igi Id
mgt cdi khung md ngay cd ng\idi Idn cdng khdng
biet CO dung hay khdng.

n

.>".-»"."..'••'•.

Giao due pho thong Viet Nam van con chii trong sir dong loat

dgt mot mo binh gido due trdi tu nhien. tire Id di
nguac lgi v&i su khdc biet bdm sinh, quen mdt
vai tro chu dong nai con tre den the.
Qua chuyen nay. Idi mudn ddt ra nhiing cau
hot de suy nghi.
Miic tieu gido due quoc gia? Hai diia con
trong mdt gia dinh da la khac nhau do do it cha
me nao citng dai ra chung mgt muc tieu cho hai
con Id phai trd thanh dng nay ba np cu the ndo dd
trong tuong lai. Do vay, theo tdi, chiing la chi
nen dai muc lieu ciia gido dye la cham sdc va Iao
difiu kifin cho tirng hgc sinh phat trifin tdi da vfi
tri lue. Iinh Ihan, the lyc theo each ciia minh.
Giao dye khdng phai la hanh ddng bd chung tdt
ca con em vdo cung mdi cai khuna, dau cho cai
42

TiaSdng

khung do cd tot Ianh the nao, hudng hd day lai ta mgt
cai khung ma ngay ca ngudi ldn ciing khdng biet cd
dting hay khdng. Lam nhu the la cdn trd sy phat trifin
ctia con tre, di ngugc lai nhiing khdc biet vdn cd,
quen mat vai tro chti ddng noi tirng tre, va di nhifin
la chang tdt Ianh gi cho tuong lai cua cd dat nude.
Phucmg thuc to chitc vd th^c hdnh gido due?
Tai sao ehung ta ap dung citng mdt loai hinh trudng
ldp, chuang trinh npi dung va each thiic gido dye cho
tat ca hpc sinh ?
Sy ddc biet nai giao due phd thdng Viet Nam ma
khdng mdy nudc cd, do Id sy ddng loat, tap the, thi
dua khen thudng trong giao dye. Cae em hpc ciing
chuang trinh va sach gido khoa ddng loat, thdy dpc
trd chep ddng loat, cac phong trdo thi dua khen
thudng dugc td chire ddng loat, bay
gid thi thye hifin ddi mdi cirng ddng
4B
loat... Sy ddng loat nay san bang mgi
^
3
khac bifit vdn cd ciia tre tho. Sy thanh
cdng cua gido due Phdn Lan ma
chiing tdi da cd dip quan sat, Id nha
trudng, cac giao vifin ciia nudc nay da
,.
,
hgc bdi hgc cua cac ba me ma chiing
m, ^
tdi da ndi dfin d trfin. Hp nhan thiic

Hpi
sdu sac sy khac biet noi timg hpc sinh,
^ *v
va xem mdi hpe sinh la mdi ca nhan
-jM|L
chil ddng. Va vi vay hg da dp dung sy
f^W
khdc biet trong phuang each gido due
va mdi ggi sy tham gta tir phia hgc
sinh. Tiiy theo the trang, tdm ly,
khuynh hudng, nang khieu cua timg
""~
hpc sinh, cac gido vifin cd trach nhifim
xay dyng kfi hoach rieng cd su tham
gia cita ba ben: hpc sinh, phu huynh va giao vifin
trong thiet kfi va thye hifin. Giao due dat hpc sinh
ldm trung tam Id nhu the.
Chuong trinh ddi mdi ctia Bd Giao due vd Ddo
Iao ciing dang theo hudng nay, tdi mong Id khdng
phai vi bfi tdc qua ma ldm theo Ihien ha mdt each
may mdc, ma chi mong nhirng ngudi ed trach nhifim
nhdn thtic dugc nhu nhtrng ngudi me ma tdi da trinh
bay d tren va vdi cai tdm, de Ihyc hien thanh cdng sy
ddi mdi theo hudng tdn trgng vai trd chu dpng ciia
hgc sinh, tdn trgng sy khac biet cd tinh bam sinh ciia
tirng con tre. •

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(Tu lieu cho bdi viet ndy duac lay tit cdc cugc phong

vdn trong khuon kho mot de ldi nghien ciru ciia Vi^ti
nghien ciru Phdt trien gido due IRED)
S621,NGAY05.1U014