Nghiên cứu stress ở các bậc cha mẹ có con mắc hội chứng tự kỉ

K G H I E S I S C i J I ] SB¥IIESSS
ir cnc Bdc CHI) mc cd con mnc HOI CHirne TIT Hi
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TtiS. N G U Y E N THI M A I H L / O N G *

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d hpi ngdy cdng phdt Irien thi sue khde tdm that sy ehung to phdl quon tdm vi nd'u nhu nhung
than cuo con ngudi ngdy cdng ndy sinh nhleu ngudi 6 mue d d ndy md khdng cd phuong phdp
ydn de nhu stress, trdm cdm, lo du... Cung gidm stress dung se gdy dnh hudng xdu ta\ chd't
v6l sy phdt t r i l n do cOo xd hgi, hdi ehung ty ki lugng cupc sd'ng vd ddc biet dnh hudng den vide
(HCTK) cung dong ngdy cdng gio tdng md ddl ehdm sde sue khde eho h-d ty ki, mue dp dung ihu
hjpng cho ydu Id trd em. Cdc bde cho me khi b i l t 3 Id «ftedng thdng" cd 3 ngudi (10%).
con minh mdc HCTK v d h i l u mgt d i l u ddy Id edn
N h u vgy, 100% cha me ed con mdc HCTK cdm
b$nh chua cd cdch ndo chua trj tridt de, hg d d nhgn thd'y cd sy cdng thdng trong cude sd'ng d
phdl trdi qua rd't n h i l u cung bdc edm xuc khde nhung muc dp khde nhau. Trong do muc d d 2
nhau, phdn kin trong s^ hg de h\ roi vdo trgng c h i l m tf 1^ cao nhd't vd thd'p nhat Id miic d d 3.
thdi stress. D l cdc bgc cho m? cd con mdc HCTK Nhin vdo d i l m hvng binh (0TB = 2,24), to thdy
cd duge tdm If cdn bdng, khde mgnh, cd t h i giup mOc dd sh-ess cOo phy huynh ndm h-ong nhdm
d o eon minh h-ong qud trinh ehua trj dupc td't mCrc dd 2 vd so sdnh dp lech ehudn Id SD = 0 , d 0 1 .
nhdl, phuong phdp h-j lidu bdng Thlln dupe su K l l m dfnh d g chinh xdc cua tho'ng ke todn hpc
dyng vd dem lgi hidu qud khd quan.
khdng dinh sy chdnh Idch ve ede muc dp Id ed y
1 . Thyc t r g n g nhdn b i l l v l stress v d mue nghTa v l m$t thdng kd {Sig = 0,000 < 0,05).
K i t qud nghidn cuu cho thd'y hdu h i t cde cho
d $ stress 6 cha me c d con mdc HCTK
1) Tht/c trgng nhdn biit vS stress cOa nhdm me cd con mdc HCTK deu roi vdo tinh trpng stress
tu
muc

d p it d i n n h l l u . Tuy nhlen, muc d d d d
Idtdch thi nghidn cdu. Nhin chung, tdt cd cdc
khdeh t h i d i u hieu v l sh-ess nhimg cdc cdch h i l u phy thudc vdo hodn cdnh hjng gio dinh, h>ng dp
eOo moi cd nhdn Id Wide nhau. Tuy nhiwi cdc hjol cOa h-d vd finh h-gng benh cua hrd.
2 . Tliyc t r g n g v l bieu hidn stress d cha me
cdch h i l u d i u dung, vi mdi ngudi nhin nhdn vd'n
d l d nhung khia cgnh khde nhau: cd i h l Id tdm li, cd con mdc HCTK
Khi nghidn cuu v l cdc b i l u hidn cuo stress d cho
cd i h l Id sinh If hodc cd t h i Id benh If. Khia cgnh
quon hpng cdn d l y d ddy Id «sy be tdc" vol mpl m^ cd con mdc HCTK, chung tol ed xem xel sy b i l u
vd'n d l « h ; kf khdng cd ibudc chCro, phdl song hien sh-ess trdn hoi binh didn: t h i chdt vd tdm li. Kit
qud nghien cuu cho i h ^ , tdt cd cdc bilu hien sfress
chung vdi cdn b^nh d d ed cupc d d l "
2) Tht/c trgng muc d$ stress d cha me cd ve mdt thyc the khi gdp sh-ess d m i k dd coo vd khd
con mdc HCTK. Q u a p h i l u thdm d d y k i l n vd coo. Cy t h i Id d bleu hien «hoi thd don ddp, khd
phdng vdn, chung tol thu dupe k i t qud {xem bdng). thd' (DTB = 2,85), «Mit mdi, uiodi" (0TB = 2,39),
«Khd ngu, nhOc dau, chong mdf (DTB = 2,25}, eon
Thi/c trgng mdc dg stress d cha me
cdc bieu h i ^ khde DTB d muc thdp.
cd con mdc HCTK
Bdn cgnh nhung b i l u hidn sh-ess ve mdt t h i
TilS
Q-TB
SD
ag
-mirbtK:
chd't cdn cd nhijng bleu hien v l mdt tdm It. Cung
U\KI»
SL
gidng

vdi cdc b i l u hidn v l the chdt, cdc b i l u hidn
26,7
2
R i l cAng thing
8
ve tdm If khi bj stress cdc muc dp khde nhau. Cy
0000
2 24
0601
1
Cing thing
63.3
19
i h l : b i l u hidn «de ndng ndy, gian du, thiiu binh
10
3
3
it cAng thing
30
100
Tina
ffnh..." cd DTB coo nhd't (2,18) vd «chdn ndn"
Trong tdng sd 3 0 khdeh t h i nghien cuu ed 19 (2,17). Cdn Igi cdc b i l u hidn khde nhu «khdng
ngudi (d3,3%) Id thdy minh bi «cdng thdng". Muc thd'y cd mt/c dich sd'ng", «suy nghT tieu cue"... 6
d g ndy chiem ti Id cao nhd't. f l i p den Id muc «rd't mue thd'p hon.

%

cdng thdng" (2d,7%) c h i l m vj h-f thu hai nhung

Tap chi Glao due so 2 8 8
MSaigfl^Tlwc s*piwô Ha Nfi


3 . Cdc nguydn nhdn g d y stress d cha m f ngodi cdn cho phdp minh nghi ngerl khi d d qud
m d t v d cdng thdng.
c d con mdc HCTK
Phuong p h d p «tdp thiin, tap khi cdng, yoga,
Q u o d i l u tro vd phdng van chung tdi nhgn
thcfy rdng, cd nhleu nguydn nhdn gdy sh-ess d thdi mien" Id nhung phuong phdp rd't huu hidu
cho me cd con mdc HCTK, d ede muc d d khde de d p dyng eho mdl cd nhdn. Myc dieh Idm cho
nhau. Tuy nhien, nguyen nhdn chfnh md bd't cu mdl cd nhdn cd mgt sue khde tdt, Hnh thdn minh
cha me ndo duge hdi cung d i u khdng djnh Id do mdn d l cd t h i chd'ng Ipl nhung vd'n de gdy cdng
b^nh finh cuo con, khdng b i l t hjong lai cuo con thdng h-ong eude sdng. Chung tdi dd t i l n hdnh
minh sou ndy se ro sao vi ddy Id cdn bdnh khdng thyc nghiem dyo frln nhu cdu thu nghl?m cuo
t h i chua khdl hdn duge. Ben cgnh d d , cd nhiJng 1 0 / 3 0 khdeh t h i nghidn ci>u vd k i t qud dem lgi
rd't khd quon. Trong 10 ngudi Idm thyc nghidm
nguydn nhdn Wide n h u v d n d l v d t c h d t , tdi ehinh,
thi moi ngudi ed nhijng nguyen nhdn gdy shess
cdc vdn d l v l mdi quan hd, sy ki thj, sue Wide...
khde nhau, cd cde kieu khi chd't khde nhau. Tuy
V d chfnh nhung nguyen nhdn d d khi d l nd d i n
nhidn, khi thye nghidm xong, chung tdi quan sdt
ngudng cdng thdng d l ddn d i n nhung hdu qud
vd trd chuydn sdu lh£ry cd mgt vdi kdt qud sou: hg
nghidm h-gng.
hdu nhu khdng cdn cdm ihdy met mdi, dn ngon
4 . Hdu q u d khi b| stress d cha me cd con
midng hem, ngu ngon gidc hon, ki uc v l mpi thu

mdc HCTK
td't hon, sdc mdt cuo mpi ngudi vui hjcri, cdch
Hdu qud shess d l lgi cho cdc cho me cd con i>ng x u , nhin nhdn mgi viec Igc quon hon, phong
mdc HCTK Id rdt ldn. Vdi bdng sd lldu frdn, hdu qud edcn day con thodi mdl hon vd cd n h i l u sdng
shess Idm cho «ca thinmt mdl, yeu dT chilm muc tpo cd icn cho h-d, thdi gian tdp vd ngdl thlln Idu
dp coo (DTB = 2,70) <^u y l u dmuc «thu6ng xuydn"; hon. Ddy Id nhung k i t qud rd't quon trpng vd ed y
t l % tdi Id «/dm Wee kSm hl$u qud" (DTB = 2,67). nghTa ddl vdi nghien cuu cua chung tdi vd d l l
T i ^ theo nua Id «ldm trgng chdn ndn" (DTB = 2,38}, vol nhung bdc cho me cd con dong phdl vdt ldn
«mdtngO, giacngO /tAong ngon" (DTB = 2,37), «m^ vdi HCTK hjng ngdy h>ng gid.
rfjdf gian" (DTB = 2,36). Ngodi ro, cdn cdc hdu qud
6 . K^t ludn v d ki^n nghj
khde nhu «b$nh tgf hay « ^ kem vdt ch&' hodc
K i t qud d i l u tro eho thdy, mue do sh-ess d cde
«md/ quon hd khdng t^ dep" vd ddl khi ed cd suy
cha
me cd eon mde HCTK Id d mue edng thdng
nghT«fc/i6ng muon son^ (DTB = 1,29).
Trong tndl g i a n nghidn cuu c d 8 n g u d i vdi n h l l u b i l u hidn v | t h i chdtvd tdm li. Nguydn
nhdn
chinh gdy ra stress d hp Id benh finh cOo
(26,7%} phdl vdo vidn vd udng thud'c do ed
nhung bdnh nhu: d g d d y , ndi fidt, hdu h d a , hd con, h> dd keo theo n h l l u nguydn nhdn da dgng
hd'p khi bj cdng thdng... Ddy Id hdu qud tich ty khde lien quan. Hdu qud de lgi cOo sh-ess Id rdt
Idn v l ed t h i chdt vd finh thdn. Bien phdp si> dyng
cOo nhi/ng Idn bj stress. N g o d i ra, c6 nhung
d l gidm stress eung khd phong phu. Tuy nhlen
bdnh cung thudng x d y ro vdi cde cho m? Id
cdclsldn phdp d d vdn ehi d mue dd gidm sh-ess
thodt vj dio ddm vd viem hpng ddl ngdy. Ddy
h-yc filp md khdng ed bl^n phdp gidm sh-ess tdn

Id hdu qud cuo vlec phdl d a y con vdi cudng
goc vd h-Idt di. Nhdm ndng cao chd't lugng eude
dp cao, ngdl nhieu, Idp dl Idp Ipi nhleu Idn khi
song, gidm stress 161 mo'c thdp nhd't cho cdc eha
d g y trd, n h l l u khi cdng ihdng q u d , hp thdm chi
me de hg cd t h i nudi dgy con vd chdm sdc gia
plidl g d o Idn, het Idn. Od cung Id b i l u hidn rd dinh, bdn thdn td't hon, ehung tdi Men hdnh mii
nhd't cOa stress.
nghidm phuong phdp gidm sh-ess bdng Thien vd
5 . Cdc bidn p h d p g i d m stress d cha me c d mong Ipi k i t qud rd't khd quon.
con mdc HCTK
Di giup cde bgc cha me cd con mde HCTK
Trong cupc sdng cd rd't nhleu bidn phdp d l
gldl tda sh-ess, nhd't Id h-ong eupc sd'ng hidn dpi phdng ngu-o vd gidm stress, h-dn co sd k i t qud
ngdy nay, cdc bidn p h d p cang phong phu vd do nghidn cuu chOng tol k i l n nghj nhu sou: D67 vdi
dgng. Mue do su dyng cdc bidn phdp gldl Ida phu huynh: cdn h/ ndng eao nhgn thuc v l HCTK,
stress Id khde nhau. Phuong phdp si> dyng n h l l u kien tri vd q u y l t tdm coo trong can thidp, gido
nha't d d Id v l kT ndng chdm sde vd gido dye cho trd, phdl
2,97) mue su dyng chu yd'u Id coo vd thudng
hgp vol cdc thdv cd v l nguydn tdc vd phuong
xuydn {82,6%). Ddyld mpt cdch phdn ung ly nhlen
phap can thiep cno h-d; cdn bdng cuge sd'ng bdng
cOo CO t h i . Khi CO the met mdi he thdng than kinh,
(Xem tiip trang 43}
cdc CO quon cOa co t h i se h/ phdn ung ro ben

Tap chi Glao due s6 2 8 8 tkia-d/aoia)

hidp djnh tfiucng mgi \y d o song phuong vd d a
phuong vdi mdt sd dd'i hSc quan trgng; m d rdng
vd tdng eudng quon h^ h c ^ hSe vdi cdc ddl tdc;
gdp phdn quan frgng vdo vl#e tgo dyng vd m d
rgng thj frudng hdng hda, djeh vy vd ddu tu cOo
Vidt N a m , tfiu hut ddu tu frye Hip nudc ngodi,
franh tfiO vd'n hd frg phdt friln chfnh tfiiic (ODA)
vd cdc ngudn tdi her QT khde.
Bdn cgnh d d , cdng tde nghidn etiu, d y b d o
chlln lugic v l D N cdn ed mdt hgn c h l . Sy phd'i
hgp gitJa D N cOo Ddng, ngogi gioo N h d nudc
vd ngogi giao nhdn ddn, gli/a cdc linh vyc chinh
trj, kinh t l v d vdn hdo D N ehua tfidt ddng b d .
Trong bdi ednh QT vd trong nudc ed rdt n h l l u
khd khdn, thdch thue, nhd't Id dnh hudng cuo
cu$c khOng hodng tdi chfnh, suy riiodi kinh t l
todn cdu, nhirng thdnh tyu cOo cdng hie O N ed
y nghTa rd't quon frgng, gdp phdn riiyc hi^n tfidnh
cdng edng cude d d i m d i , vj the, uy tfn cOo Vidt
Nom frdn frudng QT dugc ndng c o o ; tgo t i l n
d l d l nudc ta t l l p tyc phdt t r i l n mgnh md trong
giai dogn m d i .
Cudi eOng, cdn khdng djnh d l ngudi hgc nhdn
tfiuc rd: vdi h^ thd'ng quan d i l m , chinh sdch, myc
tidu, nhi^m vy D N dung d d n , phO hgp, Dgi hdl XI
dd nhdt qudn DLDN ddc Igp, t y chO, hod binh,
hgp tde vd phdt friln. Thye h l | n tfidng M DLDN
dd, Ddng vd nhdn ddn Vidt N a m khdng chi hodn
tfidnh trgng frdeh trudc qudc gio, DT md edn gdp
phdn Heh cyc vdo cude dd'u fronh chung cOo nhdn

ddn cdc nudc frdn tfil gidi vl hod binh, ddc Idp
DT, ddn ehu v d Hin b d x d hdi. 0 6 Id sy H i p ndi
cOa n l n ngoai glao Vl?t N a m frong tfidi dot

Nghien cihi stress...
(Tli'p theo trang 14)
cdch h/ d i l u chinh bdn tfian, qudn li tfidi glon
mgt cdch hidu qud vd tgp luydn sy tTnh tdm riidng
qua cdc phucmg phdp riiu gidn d l duy fri dugc
cude sd'ng khde mgnh Idu ddl. Dot vol cdc ca sd
chan dodn, can thiip vd gido dye cho fri h/ ki:
cde ehuydn gio v d gido vidn tfiudc tinh vyc ndy
cung edn h/ ndng coo nhdn tfiOc v l HCTK, v l frd
vd gio dinh frd di cd tfil giOp d o frd t i l n bg vdt
Idng nhiet tdm cua ngudi thdy tfiud'c, ngudi tfidy
gido, ehio sd vdi cde cho me frd ty kf nhimg vdn
d l lldn quon d i n qud frinh ehdm sde vd gido dye
frdrngtedchtgntinh.
Dd'i vdi cdc to chuc xa hdl:
fruyin tfldng d l ede td chuc, edng ddng trong x a
hdl h i l u v d chia sd v6l ede gio oinh cd con mdc
HCTK, ndng coo nhgn tfitic edng ddng d l khdng
edn hi^n frrgng kl tfij ddl vdi ede vd'n de cuo frd \y
ki. M d rdng cdc eo sd d d o tgo gido dye hdo
nhdp (31 frd h/ ki ed nhilu eo hdl ndo nhdp vdi
cgng ddng, tgo khd ndng t i l n bd eho ede em.
Odng tfidi ddu tu ngdn sdch cho vide chdm sdc
Stic khde tdm tfidn trong x d hot, ddc b i f t Id cde
vd'n d l ve stic khde ldm thdn frd em d l cdc cho
me gidm duge sy lo tdng, d p lyc dd'i vdi vide

ehua frj b^nh tinh cho con. •

Tdi li^u tham khdo
1. VO Van Ban. Thyc hdnh di£u trt tdm li. NXB Yhpc,
H2002.
2. Nguydn Thj Hh. Nghiin ciiu stress d ngudi trudng
thdnh. Lu^n van th^c si Tam If hpc, Truiyng Dai hpc
su pham Ha NOi, 2008.
3. Dang Phuang Ki$t. Stress vd siiv: khde. NXB Thanh
Hd Chf Mini, b
niin H 2004.
4. Nguydn COng Khanh. "Stress va chung km sy lln
(1) GiAo trinh mOn Ducliig VSi cdch mang cda Ddng tranh xa hOi" Ki y^u HOi thSo Vi^t - Phap vd Tam li
c^Dg sdn Vi$t Nam (danh cho sinh vien d^i hpc, cao hpc: Tri em. Vdn hda, Gido due. Ha NOi 17-17/4/
ding khO'i khOng chuyen nginh Mac-Lfinin, tu tudng 2001. NXB Thi gidi, 2004.
m Chi Minh). NXB Chinh tri qudc gia, H. 2009 (tai 5. Nguydn Thanh BChSi. Nghiin ciiu stress & cdn bd
bin 2010. 2011).
qudn ll. Lujn an Ti^n si Tam li, Trufimg Dai hpc su
(2) Ding cOng skn Viet Nam. Vftn ki$n D^i h0i d^i pham Ha NOi. 2001.
bilu to&n qutfc ldn thi^ XI. NXB Chinh trf qudc gia SUMMARY
Suthdt,U. 2011; ti.SS.
The more society is growing, the more mentc^ health
problems arise such as stress, depression and anxiety.
SUMMAItY
The XI Congress of Vietnamese Comunlst Party has Together with the growth, the number of people
seen through many Important documents which have known to have autism, especlally children, is increasing
pointed diplomatic policies in the new developing dramatk;ally. Parents who discover their child is autistic
period. These policies are the continuing of the know that autism in any form can not be treated
congresses in ttier^ewrenovafing stage. AJso tt^eyhave completely, they experience the whole gamut of
developing steps that ore suitable for the mission to

emotions and most of them feelsiressed. To help those
build and protect our country in the periods offisian
parents regain their emotional balance, it is t^etter
area Integration and International integration.
and more effective to use meditation therapy.

Tap chi Glao due s6 2 8 8 (k* a • •/aoia)