Tâm trạng của thanh niên nông thôn với vấn đề việc làm

TAM TRANG CUA THANH NIEN
NONG THON VOI VAN DE VIEC LAM
ThS. Mai V§n H^i

Viin Tdm ty hgc.
T6M TAT
Viic ldm td mdt Irong nhOng vdn di cd ldm quan trgng hdng ddu Irong cudc
sdng cua Ihanh niin; luy nhiin, ddi vdi ihanh niin ndng thdn, viic ldm lai chua mang
Igi cho hg Idm trgng tich cue. Kit qud nghiin cdu dd cho thdy, mdt ty li khd cao
Ihanh niin ndng thdn cdn chua cd viic ldm. NhOng ngudi dd cd viic ldm thi thu nhdp
cdn thdp vd nhin chung cdn chua thoa man dugc cdc mong mudn, nguyen vgng vdi
cdng viic cia hg. Chinh vi thi, ty li khd cao cdc khdch the dugc hdi cd y dinh lim
kii'm cdng viic khdc. Tuy thanh niin ndng thdn cdn gdp nhiiu khd khdn Irong qud
trinh ldm viic, nhung hg vdn ddnh gid tich cue vi trien vgng cdng viic cua bdn thdn
trong tuang lai.
Ttt khfla: Thanh niin; thanh niin ndng thdn; viic tdm; tdm trgng.
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 11/5/2012; Ngdy duyet ddng bdi: 20/9/2012.
1. Dit vi'n de
Thep Ttt didn tifl'ng Viflt, viflc lam la cflng viflc dupe giao cho lim va
dttpc tri cflng. DflT vdi thanh nifln, viflc lim vi thu nhip li vin dd ed tim quan
trpng hang diu trpng cu6c sdng cua hp bdi trfln co sd cd viflc lam, thanh nifln
mdi ed thd dim bap cufle sfl'ng cia bin thin vi gia dinh, khing djnh mflt each
manh me gii tri va su ddng gdp cia bin thin ddi vdi xa hfli. Chinh vi thfl',
nghifln cttu vd viflc lim cua thanh nien ndi chung vi thanh nifln nflng thfln ndi
riflng li rit cin thidt dd dtta ra nhttng ehlnh sich hd trd thanh nifln ed thd taa lip
dttpc cuac sdng, su nghiflp mflt cich dn djnh, vung chic.
Khich thd nghifln cttu dttpc lua chpn li 650 thanh nifln nflng thfln dfl
tudi ttt 16 dfl'n 30 tudi thuflc 4 tinh Thii Binh, Hda Binh, Khinh Hda vi Tifln
Giang. Diy li cic tinh dai difln cha cic vttng midn Bic - Trung - Nam, ddng
bing, trung du midn nui vi ven bidn.
Cic phucmg phip chinh duac s i dung trang nghifln cttu nay la: didu tra

bing bang hai vdi thanh nifln nflng thfln, phdng vSn siu vdi cic can be tren dia

70

TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012


bin nghifln cttu, fim hidu cic tii liflu lifln quan nhim khai thic thflng tin phuc
vu kdt qui nghifln cttu.
Chung tai che ring, tim trang cia thanh nifln nflng thfln vdi viflc lim li
mat dang tim trang xa hai, phin anh trang thii cim xttc cia thanh nifln nflng
than vdi viflc lim cua hp vi ed lifln quan dfl'n nhu ciu, di5ng co cia bp trong
cflng viflc. Ttt quan didm dd, bii vidt tip trung lim ro tim trang cia thanh nien
nflng than vdi viflc lim d cic nfli dung sau: Thuc trang viflc lim vi thu nhip
cia thanh nifln nflng thfln; mang mudn, nguyen vpng cia thanh nien nflng thfln
vdi cflng viflc cia minh vi su dip ttng cua cflng viflc dang lim vdi mang mudn
da; su hai ldng cua thanh nifln nflng thfln vdi cflng viflc; nhttng rui rp, cing
thing trang qui trinh lam viflc; danh gii cia thanh nifln nflng thfln vdi tridn
vpng cflng viflc trang thdi gian tdi.
2. Kfl't qua nghifln cutu
- Tinh trang viec ldm vd thu nhgp cua thanh niin ndng thdn
Tinh trang viflc lam cia thanh nifln nflng thfln li nfli dung diu tifln chttng
tai quan tim tim hidu vi cho kflT qua nhu sau: trong sd 633 thanh nifln nflng
thfln tri Idi ciu hdi vd tinh trang viflc lam ngoai trtt 39,2% sd khich thd dang
hpc tip, hiDC nghd, chi cd 25% thanh nifln nflng than tham gia dd tai ed viflc lam
dn dinh; trong khi dd, ty le thanh nien nOng than chua cd viflc lim dn djnh (lam
theo thdi vu, Itte ed viflc Itte khflng cd, ai thufl thi lim...) vi chtta ed viflc lim
chidm tdi 35,8%.

E Dang S\ hoc

n Khong co viec lam on dinh

Q Da co Mec !am on dinh
n Chi^a cfl viec lim

Bieu dS 1: Tinh trgng viic ldm cua thanh niin ndng thdn hiin nay

TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012

71


Thuc td tren chi ra viec lim cha thanh nifln nflng than dang li met trong
nhttng vi'n dd btte thiflT. Trong bit ctt xa hfli nio, thanh nifln vdi nhttng thfl
manh nhu ed stte khde ddi dio, tri tufl vi khi ning sing tao cap, giiu kbit
vpng, hpii bap... lufln li lire luiJng tifln phong trong xiy dung, phit tridn dit
nttdc. Vi thfl', mflt sd lupng Idn thanh nifln n6ng then chtta cd viflc lim 6n djnh
hoic thit nghiep mflt mit cho thi'y su lang phi vd nhin lire, stte lao dOng trong
xa hoi, mil khac cdn ed thd tidm in nhidu nhttng bit cip, tfl nan xa hOi khic.
Trfln CP sd nhttng khich thd da cd viflc lim (dn djnh hpic chua dn djnh),
chung tai tim hidu vd thu nhip cua be.
Bdng 1: Thu nhdp cua ihanh niin ndng thdn hien nay
STT
1
2
3
4
5
6

Mttc thu nhip
Dudi 1 triflu ddng
Ttt 1 - 2 Iridu
Ttt 2 - 3 trieu
Ttt 3 - 4 trieu
Ttt 4 - 5 trieu
Tren 5 trieu
Tdng

Sdlupng
117
147
64
32
8
3
371

Phin trim
31,5
39,6
17,3
8,6
2,2
0,8
100

Bang sd lieu tren phan anh thu nhip cua thanh nien nang thfln nhin
chung cdn rit thi'p. Hai mttc thu nhip cd ty IS thanh nifln nflng thfln lira chpn
cao nhit la ttt 1 - 2 trieu ddng/tbing vi dudi 1 trieu ddng/thing ehifl'm tdi

71,1% tdng sd thanh nifln tham gia khao sat. Vdi didu kifln sfl'ng va gia ca sinh
heat lee thang nhu hifln nay, mttc thu nhip tren khd cd thd dip ttng dupe nhu
ciu cufle sfl'ng cia thanh nifln. Thanh nifln ndi chung va thanh nifln nflng thfln
ndi riflng thudng chua taa lip dupe nhttng ndn tang cin thiflT trong cufle sfl'ng
nhu vin phai di thufl nhi, diu tu cho viflc hpc tip cia ban thin, nufli eon nhd,
tham gia cic heat dang giao luu, giai tri... Tit ci nhttng yflu ciu do ddu trflng
chd vie ngudn thu nhip It di nhu da ndi d trfln thi khd cd thd d i dam bao cho
cudc sdng cia hp chtta kd tdi cic trttdng hijp dm dau, gittp dd cha me gia. Tra
Idi ciu hdi vd mttc thu nhip cia thanh nifln trfln dia ban, mflt can bfl da cho
biet: "Hiin nay, mUc thu nhgp ciia Ihanh niin cdn rd't Ihd'p, ke cd cdc em dang
ldm ndng nghiip Igi dig phuong hay di ldm cdng nhdn Irong cdc khu cdng
nghiip Ihi mtic thu nhgp cung chi tii I trieu di'n han 1 trieu ddnglthdng. Ddy Id
mtic thu chi du nudi sd'ng bdn than (B.V.D, Phd bi thu Dang uy xa I^ng
Khanh, huyfln Cai Liy, tinh Tidn Giang).

72

TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012


Cung chinh ttt thuc trang cflng viflc va thu nhip nhu trfln mi cd tdi
61,4% thanh nifln nflng then da va dang di lim cho biflT, mttc thu nhip cia hp
khflng du cho cuOc sdng ban thin; trong khi dd, ty Ifl thanh nifln cho bidt thu
nhip cia hp d mttc thoai mii va du dit chi ehifl'm 4,8%.
- Mong mudn cua thanh niin ndng thdn vdi cdng viic vd sit dap Ung
cua cdng viec hiin tai
Bdng 2: Mong mud'n khi lua chgn vd sil ddp Ong ciia cdng viic hiin Igi
TT

Nguydn vong

DTB
Xdp hang

Su dip limg
DTB Xep hang

Khdng cdng thdng, dp luc

2,53
2,36

2,21

Ndi dung

1
2
3

Cdng vide cd thu nhdp cao
On dinh, Idu ddi

2,78

4
5

Duoc moi ngudi ddnh gid cao
Cd nhidu didu kien phdt huy ndng luc
ban thdn

Cd nhidu co hdi thdng tid'n
Cflng vide thu vi, ha'p din

2,17

6
7
8
9
10
11

Cd nhidu cd hdi hpc hdi, tich IQy kinh
nghidm
Mdi tnrdng lam vide vui ve, thdn thidn
Cdng vide giup dd duoc nhidu ngudi
Dd tim vide lam

2,65
2,31
2,29
2,77
2,53
2,55
2,32

5
7
1
11

3
9
10
2
5
4
8

1,82
2,33
1,89
2,17
1,81
2,00
2,47
2,51
2,17
2,19

10
4
3
9
6
11
8
2
1
6
5

Ghi chu: DTB duac linh theo 3 mUc dd; trong dd: 1. Khdng dung, 2. Diing mdt phdn
vd 3. Rat dung.
Bang sd Ueu trfln chp thiy, sir chflnh ISnh rp net trong didm trung binh
(DTB) hai npi dung tieu chi lua chpn cflng viflc va su dip ttng cua cflng viflc
thanh nifln nflng then dang lim. Neu nhu d cic tiflu chi khi lua chpn cflng viec,
DTB cia cic npi dung deu tUPng ddi cap va hiu hdt nim trpng khping danh gii
"rit dung" (ttt 2,35 - 3,00) thi d phin sir dip ttng cia cflng viflc bien tai vdi
mpug mufl'n, dpng co lim viflc cua thanh nifln nflng tbfln, DTB cic nfli dung
deu tupng ddi thip va hiu hdt nim trpng khoang danh gii (ttt 1,68 - 2,34). Mat
khic, d tit c i cac tieu chi dtta ra, DTB mong mufl'n vdi viflc lim cia thanh nifln
nflng then ddu cao hem su dip ttng ttt cOng viflc cia hp. Didu dd chp thiy, cflng
viflc hifln tai cua thanh nifln nflng than vin chua thile su dip ttng dttpc nhu ciu
cia hp.
Cd the ndi, thanh nien li nhttng ngttdi ludn ed mang mudn dupe mpi

TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012

73


ngudi tan trpng, thtta nhin, luan mudn ed cp hfli dupe thd hien ning luc cia
bin thin, trang khi kflT qua nghifln cttu da cha thiy, nhttng mang mudn dd cdn
chtta dupe dap ttng It nhiT li trang khia canh cang viec cia hp. Phii ching didu
niy din ddn viflc thanh nifln ndi chung vi thanh nifln nfln then ndi riflng thudng
cd met sd bidu hifln nhtt thich dupe tham gia dua xe, cd nhttng binh vi phi
phieb, Iflch lac... dd dupe thi'y minh manh me, cd bin ITnh? Ro ring, viflc dtta
ra ket luin trong trttdng hpp niy lit v6i ving, bdi cin ed nhttng nghifln cim mflt
each diy d i hem. Tuy nhifln, kST qua dd chp thiy, viflc dip ttng mong mufl'n cia
thanh nifln, tao cho bp co hfli dttpc cdng bidn kha ning cua bin thin li didu rit

cin thidt.
- Cdm xdc ciia thanh niin ndng thdn trong qud trinh ldm viic
Kdt qua nghifln cuu cha thi'y, cd 65,8% thanh nifln nong then dttpc hdi
cd y djnh tim kifl'm met cflng viflc khac. Httng thtt trong cflng viflc cung nhu su
yen tim, bii long vdi vdi cflng viflc li mflt trong nhttng yfl'u td quan trpng bic
nhit trong qua trinh lim viflc, bdi nd li dflng luc thttc diy ngudi lap d6ng lim
vice, mang lai sir sing tao, biflu qua vi ning suit lap dOng cao cflng nhu tich
cue ren luyen tri thttc, ky ning lien quan ddn nghd nghiep cia minh. Ty le cao
thanh nien nOng then chua thirc sir yen lim gin bd liu dii vdi cOng viflc hifln
tai cia minh che thi'y, thirc trang btte tranh ve nghd nghiflp viflc lam cia thanh
nifln nflng tbfln cdn nhidu bit cip, chua tao dupe dOng luc lam viflc, sang tao
cho thanh nien nflng then.
Bdng 3: Ly do Ihanh nien ndng thdn cd y dinh lim kii'm cdng viec khdc
STT

So' iupmg

Tyle

150

64,6

27

11.6

10

4,3

9

3,8

7

3,0

Vi cdng vide hidn tai qud vdt va, ndng nhpc, stte khde khdng
dam bao

11

4,7

Mudn tim cdng viec tdt hdn

7

3,0

Mudn Idm thdm ngodi gid
Vl ap luc cdng vide hidn tai qud cao, mdi quan hd cdng vide
cdng thdng

8

3,4

3

1,2

Ly do tim vide khac

(%)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

74

VI cdng vide hidn tai thu nhdp ihd'p, khdng dtt nudi sdng ban
than vd gia dinh
Cdng vide khdng dn dinh, mudn tlm cdng viec dn dinh
Mudn phat huy hdt ndng lire, mudn tim cdng viec phd hop vdi
ndng luc
Mudn duoc tfch lOy thdm kinh nghidm, hoc hdi thdm
Mud'n tim cdng viec minh ydu thfch, khdng thfch cdng vide
hidn tai, cdng vide hidn lai nhdm chdn

TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012

Bang sd liflu trfln la su tdng hpp cua 232 S kidn cia cic khich thd nghifln
cttu khi tra Idi ciu hdi md vd 1^ do khidn hp mufl'n tim kidm cOng viflc khic. Ttt
bing trfln, cd thd thiy ly do dttpc thanh nien nflng thfln dua ra nhidu nhit de
giai thich chp y dinh tlm kifl'm cflng viflc khic li vi thu nhip ttt cflng viflc hien
tai cdn qui thip. Trpng didu kifln kinh td gip nhidu khd khin, gii ci lee thang
nhu hifln nay, vdi mttc thu nhip binh quin nhu da dd cip d phin trudc thi viflc
thanh lufln nflng then mong mufl'n tim kifl'm cflng viflc ed thu nhip cao hon
cung la didu dd hidu. Dudi diy li mflt sd ciu tra Idi tiflu bidu:
- Vi hodn cdnh gia dinh vd mOc sd'ng xd hdi nin cdn lim viic ldm khdc
dedii trang trdi cho gia dinh (nam thanh nifln, xa Ninh Binh, Nuih Hda, Khinh Hda).
- Vi nghi ndng vdi vd, thu nhgp khdng cao (nam thanh nifln, xa Tin
Phong, Cao Phong, Hda Bmh).
- Vi miic luong khdng cao di ddm bdo cudc sd'ng sinh hoat trong gia
dinh (ntt, xa Quynh Giao, Quynh Phu, Thai Binh).
Thuc td trfln dat ra vi'n dd phai ning cap thu nhip ttt cflng viflc cia thanh
nien nflng tbfln gittp hp yfln tim gin bd liu dii vdi cflng viflc. Tuy nhifln, de cd
thd tun kifl'm mflt cflng viflc tflT, cd thu nhip cao ddi hdi ngudi lao dflng phai cd
tay nghd, ky ning nghd nghiflp viing chic, dupe dio tao mflt cich bai ban, khoa
hpc. Diy la yflu ciu m i khflng nhidu thanh nien nflng thfln ed thd dip ttng dupe.
- Nhiing khd khdn, rui ro thanh niin ndng thdn gap phai trong qud
trinh ldm viic
Nhttng rui rp, cang thing trpng qui trinh lam viec la mot trong nhflng
vin dd rit cin dupe quan tim tim hidu nhim mang lai tim trang tich cue ebo
thanh nifln nflng thfln trong qui trinh lam viec, giam thidu di ip luc thim chi li
tai nan lap dflng cd thd xay ra.
Sd hflu thd hifln d bang 4 chp thiy, nhttng anh hudng tim ly tieu cue ttt
cflng viflc cia thanh nifln nflng thfln ddu cd DTB tuang ddi thip, hiu hflT nim
trang khping dinh gia 1,67 - 2,34 didm. Tuy DTB cic rii ro ndi trfln khflng cae
nhttng ro ring nbitag rii ro dd vin cd thd xuit hifln trong qui trinh lim viec cia

thanh nifln nflng tbfln vi diy la didu thuc su cin pbii khic phuc tdi da trong
qua trinh lam viflc.
Vdi die thu cflng viflc chi yfl'u li lae dang phd thong nfln thanh nifln
nflng then phii nd luc cae ve mit thd luc, vi viy, bidu bien niy ed DTB cae
nhit vdi 2,28 didm xep vj tri sd 1. DTB thip nhit thuOc vd bieu hien de xiy ra
cae tai nan ve lae dflng DTB 1,64. Ca the ndi, nhttng rui ro trang qui trinh lim
viec la it xay ra nhung khang thd vi thd ma chi quan, khang dd phdng bdi die
thtt lao dpng cia thanh nien nOng than thudng lam nhttng cflng viflc nang nbpt;
nhtt khuin vie, tho phu tai cic cflng trinh xiy dung trong khi ky ning nghd
nghiep, chd de bao hidm... thanh nifln nflng thfln thttdng khflng dttpc dam bao.
TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012

75


Bdng 4: Nhiing cdng thing, rui ro trong qud trinh ldm viic
cua Ihanh niin ndng thdn

Cdc bidu hidn

DTB theo nhdm
Tidu hpc
TH
PT
THCS

DTB
chung

Trung

cdp

CD,
DH

1,97

1,93

2,02

2,00

2,36

2,04

2,14

2.28

1,93

1,97

2,00

1.96

1.91

1,79

1,58

1,76

1.80

1,56

1.69

1,72

1,43

1,21

1.64

1,93

1,96

1.39

1,50

2,06

1,90

1,77

1,96

2,00

1.81

1,53

1.59

1.82

1,92

2,12

1,97

1,95

2,06

1,92

1.97

Nam

Not

Cdng thdng. tnei mdi vd tdm 1^

2,00

2,02

2,08

Phdi nd luc rdt nhidu vd tlid lire...

2,33

2,16

2,28

Ap luc cao vd thdi gian hodn
thdnh

1,96

1,96

2,00

Didu Iclen Idm viec (dnh sdng, dp
6n. .ikliOngtdt

1,81

1,77

Dd xdy ra tai nan lao dpng

1,67

Anh hirdng khpng tdt tdi stic khde

1,89

Cdc mdi quan he xd hpi bi thu
hep. .
It cd thdi gian cho gia dinh, nghi
ngoi..

Ghi chi: DTB dugc tinh theo 3 mOc dd; Irong dd: 1. Khdng dung, 2. Dung mdt phdn
vd 3. Rd't ding.
Trong qui trinh didu tra sd liflu tai dja ban nghifln cttu, chttng tfli cttng
da khao sat tai mflt cO sd may mic tai xa An Ddng, Quynh Phu, TThai Binh. Co
sd may mac nay thu httt kbi dflng lao dflng ntt thanh nifln nflng thfln, nhttng
ngttdi tan tit hoac ed bean canh khd khin. Didu dang ndi li nbitag ntt cflng
nhin lim viflc tai co sd may xuit khiu nay vin cd nhitag ngudi khflng deo khiu
trang bao bfl trong qui trinh lim viec, vtta lam vtta ndi chuyfln, pha trd... rit dd
din de'n nhttng tai nan trong qui trinh thao tic viSi may mde.
Kdt qua nghien cttu d tren mflt lin ntta chi ra nhimg nguy co tidm in ma

thanh nifln nflng then phai ddi mat trang qua trinh lao dOng cua minh vi thuc td
tai cac cOng trinh xiy dung tai cic thanh phd ldn, nhttng ngudi gip tai nan lao
dOng nhtt dien giit, nga ttt de cao, bdng do chay nd... phin Idn rdi vao nhttng
thanh nifln ttt cic vttng qufl ra thanh phd lam viflc tam thdi. Phin tich nhu viy
se thiy dupe su cin tbiflt phai cd cac chd dfl chinh sich he trp thanh nifln nflng
thfln trong qui trinh lam viflc nhu ddng bao hidm, die tao nhttng ky ning co
ban che ngudi lao dflng ndi chung va thanh nifln nflng then ndi riflng dd hp ee
thd nhin thttc dttpc nhttng rii ra cd thd xay ra va cd S thttc bao vfl chi'nh minh.
So sinh nhdm khich thd thee gidi ti'nh va theo trinh dd hpc vin khang
cd su khic biet Idn, nhung trpng mflt sd nai dung vin cd su khic biflt nhit djnh.
Cu thd vdi cae niSi dung phin thep gidi tinh, nhdm khich thd nam thudng lam
cae cang viflc nang nhpc han nfln DTB cic nfli dung nd luc nhidu vd thd luc vi
dd xay ra tai nan lap dOng cap hem sp vdi nhdm khich thd ntt.

76

TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012


_ Nhttng nai dung nhu nd luc nhidu vd stte khde, didu kien lim viec (dd
an, anh sang,^ bui...) khOng tdt vi dfl xay ra tai nan lae dflng D'TB ed xu hudng
giam xudng d cic nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cao. Thuc td cflng viflc
cia nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cap thudng It phai lao dflng true tifl'p
hon nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n thi'p. Vi thfl', nhttng vin dd nhu phai
vin dung nhidu vd stte khde, xiy ra tai nan lae dflng, nhdm cd trinh dfl hpc vin
cao cung ed It nguy co xay ra bon.
- Ddnh gid cua thanh niin ndng thdn ve triin vgng cdng viec
Bdng 5: Ddnh gid cia thanh niin ndng thdn ve triin vgng cdng viic
trong thdi gian 105 - W ndm tdi
Cdc ndi dung

DTB theo nhom
Tidu hpc
Trung
THPT
THCS
cdp

CD,
DH

DTB
Chung

Nam

NCr

Thu nhdp

2.80

2,86

2.78

2,82

2,91

2,84

Miic dp dn dinh

2.56

2.67

2,51

2,60

2,70

2,66

2.59

Co hdi lien than

2,53

271

2,46

2,60

2,70

2,71

2.58

2,82

Mpi trucmg lam viec

2.64

2,78

2,68

2,68

2,66

2,73

2,68

Dieu kien thie't bi phuc vu cdng viec

2,71

2,80

2,60

2,77

2,91

2,80

2,74

Ca hpi ndng cao trinh dp chuyen
mdn

2,70

2,87

2,69

2,74

2,83

2,80

2,74

Ghi chu: DTB dugc tinh theo 3 mice do; Irong dd: 1. Kem hon, 2. Khdng thay ddi vd 3.
Tdt hem.
Nhin chung, thanh nifln nflng tbfln dinh gia kha tich cue vd tridn vpng
cflng viflc cua bp trong thdi gian 5 - 10 nim tdi: DTB cic phupng in cung lufln
nim trong khoing danh gii ttt 2,35 - 3,00 diem. Sd liflu nay cho thi'y, cii nhin

lae quan ve cflng viec cia thanh nien nflng thfln, the hien ro die diem tim ly
lufln httdng tdi tttang lai, tridn vpng tupi sang cia ngudi trd tudi.
Trpng cic npi dung dtta ra, thu nhap li nOi dung dupe cac khich thd
danh gii tich circ nhit vi co hpi thing tidn li nai dung ed didm dinh gii thip
nhit vdi DTB tuang ung li 2,82 va 2,58. Dieu dd cd the xuit phat ttt cang viec
cia thanh nien nflng than chi ydu li trang linh vuc nang nghiep, lap dpng ttt
do... nen hp httdng tdi mije dich thu nhip nhidu hen li dat dupe cac vj tri,
thing tifln trong td chtte.
So sanh didm sd dinh gii vd tridn vpng cflng viSe cia cic nhdm, cd the
thiy xu hudng khi ro ndt: trinh dO hpc vin cua cac khich thd cing cao thi sU
danh gii cing tich cue. Thttc te hifln nay, nhttng ngudi cd trinh dp hpc vin cae
TAP CHfTAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012

77


tbi co boi tim kifl'm viflc lim, kbi ning thing tifl'n cung cae hon. Vl thd, stt danh
gii vd tridn vpng cflng viflc cua nhdm khich thd cd trinh dfl hpc vi'n cao thttdng
tich cue bon nhdm ed trinh dfl hpc vin thip hdn.
Kdt luan
Ttt kflT qui nghifln cttu trfln, cd thd thiy thanh nifln nflng thfln vin chua
thirc su yfln tim vdi cflng viflc cia minh. Didu dd khflng chi thd hifln 6 ty Ifl
ngudi chua ed viec lim dn djnh vi thit nghiep cap, thu nhip thip m i ngay ca
nhung thanh nifln da di lam tbi cflng viflc cflng chtta thirc sir dap ttng dupe su k^
vpng cia hp. COng chinh vi thfl', da sfl khich thd nghifln cttu ed S djnh tim kidm
cflng viflc khic dd lim nhim cii thifln thu nhip vi hudng tdi mdt cdng viflc dn
djnh hem. Du didm sd danh gii khflng thiic su cae nhung nhitag cing thing, ip
luc ettng nhu nhttng rui re tidm in khic trpng qui trinh lim viflc vin xuit hifln
trong qua trinh lim viec cia thanh nien nflng thfln. Tuy ed nhitag khd khin
nhit dinh trong cflng viflc, chua thirc .sir bii Idng vdi cflng viflc hien tai minh

dang lim nhimg thanh nien nflng tbfln vin thd hifln sir lac quan khi dinh gii vd
tridn vpng cflng viflc trong tuong lai cia ban thin minh. Diy li didm manh, la
CO sd tflT dd cic chinh sich hfl trp thanh nifln nflng thfln trong viflc lim dupe
thuc hifln mflt cich hifiu qua. KflT qua nghifln cttu tim trang cua thanh nien
nflng thfln vdi viflc lam cflng ddng thdi chi ra cin ed nhttng chinh sach hd trp
hpn ntta chp thanh nifln nflng thfln trpng qui trinh lip nghiflp, mOt mat tranh
ling phi ngudn nhin luc trd cia dit nude, mit khic, ban chd dupe nhttng te nan
xa bei xay ra do tinh trang thanh niSn thit nghiflp, thidu viflc lim. Bfln canh dd,
thanh nien nflng thfln ettng rit cin cd cic chd dfl chinh sich hfln quan den dio
tao nghd, ky ning lam viflc dd ban chd tflT da nhitag rii ro ed thd xay ra trong
qui trinh lae dflng, gittp hp yfln tim gin bd liu dii vdi cflng viflc cua minh.
Tai lieu tham khao
X.TOdiin Tiing Viil, NXB Da Ning, 2007.
2. VQ Dung, TOdii'n Tdm ly hgc, NXB Ttt didn Bach khoa, 2008.
3. Trin Hiep, Tdm ly hgc xa hdi, NhOng vdn de ly ludn, NXB Khoa hpc Xa hfli, 1997.
4. Chu Manh Sinh, Xdy dung chiin luge Iruyen thdng qudc gig vi dinh hudng nghe
nghiip, viic Idm cho thanh nien. Ban Thanh nifln cflng nhin va dfl thi Trang uong
Doin, 2009.
5. Bdo cao nghiin cOu ddnh gid tinh hinh thanh niin 2010, Vifln Nghifln cttu Thanh
nien, 2010.

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TAP CHf TAM LY HOC, Sd 10 (163), 10 - 2012