Xây dựng bộ tách sóng DS CDMA dùng mạng noron trên KIS DE2

B O
I HM K THUT TP. HCM
N - N T
B N T - VI







-



Ñeà taøi:

-


TP. H  1/2011
GVHD :THS.
SVTH 
MSSV :06117066
SVTH :
MSSV :06117028


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






                

-




.


N

-g






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
QUY 
H   MSSV: 06117066
 MSSV: 06117028
 -
 -
1)  u:

2) Nn thuy
1. 
2. -CDMA.
3. -
4. -
5. 
3) n v:



4) ng dn: 
5) nhim v: 27/9/2010
6) m v: 10/1/2011








B O
I HM K
THUT TP. H 

CI CH T NAM
c lp  T do  H
ng dn
.
Ch nhim b 

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

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



TP.HCM, N


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








TP.HCM, 
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











 



      

I (Multi access Interference)
                 
Walsh-hardamard


MAI.

can  MAI




 thu 
Matched filter


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           BER      




  . 
 (Optimum Multiuser Detector

 user.
neuron
, 
neuron
(Sub-Optimum).

neuron K
l 




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
1
 


DS-CDMA.
-CDMA
G DS-CDMA: Matched filter

MMSE(Minimun Mean Square Error)        
Simulink.
3: -
              

.
Ch -CD DE2





Simulink, v

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MC LC

PHN A: GII THIU
trang
 ii
 iii
 iv
 v
 vi
 vii
 x
 xiii
 xvii

PHN B: NI DUNG 1
:  2
1.1  2
1.2  4
 4
 9
1.3 K 14
 14
1.3 16

 16
1.4  20
 21
MA 21
ruy 22
1.5  DS-CDMA 23
1.5.1  24
1.5.2  25
1.5.3  28
1.5.4-CDMA 34
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-CDMA 37
2.1 BMatched filter 37
2.2  40
 40
 44
2.3  48
thu t 48
 50
2.4  52
2.5  58
 61
- 68
3.1  68
3.2  70
 71
3.2. 74
 76
3.3  79

3.3.1  80
 80
 81
3.4  82
 82
-Forward 83
3.5 G 88
 89
-Marquardt 90
3.6  91
3.7 - 93
3.7 93
3.7.2  96
 97
3.8  Simulink 99
- 104
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 104
4.1  104
4.1.1  104
4.1 109
4.2  116
4.3 -  121
c 121
  123
-C 124
4.4  139
4.4  141
 144

 144
 145
PHN C : PH LU THAM KHO 146
PH LC A 147
PH LC B 146
U THAM KHO 183
















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LIT 

1:
1.1:  khi cha mt h th 2
1.2:  khi cha h th 3

1.3: Du ch BPSK 5
1.4: Gi vector pha cn ca v
BPSK
(t) 6
1.5: Ph tn s cu V
BPSK
(t) 7
1.6: Mu ch BPSK 8
1.7: Mch giu ch BPSK 8
1.8: C .8
1.9: M 9
 1.10: Du u ch QPSK. 10
 1.11: Gi vector ca QPSK. 12
 1.12:  khi mu ch QPSK. 13
 1.13:  khi mch giu ch QPSK. 14
4:  v mng 17
  19
n s 21
i gian 22
 23
D 24
 thu-i ph ca DS 25
: Mng b  .26
Mch tinh chng b DS. 26
. 27
 a chui ng 29
 a chui gi ng 29
M ph sut ca chui gi ng 30
B to chui ghi dch tuy 31
c sinh ng tra 31

 36
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 u khit CLPC 36

B Matched filter 38
B ng b 42
Matched filter 43
B  46
B ng hp hai user 47
B thu trit nhiu ni tip cho hai user 49
 khi ca b thu trit nhiu song song hai tng 50
nh ca b t hp .53
B i mt can nhing b 54
Gi 55
B thu Rake. 60
B thu Rake vi L
s
 60
t . 60
Matched filter 61
 62
 62
 63
 63
 64
 64
 .65
 65
 66

Matched filter 67

3.1: neuron 68
3.2:  69
3.3:  69
3.4:  70
3.5:  70
3.6:  71
3.7:  72
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3.8:  .72
3.9:  73
3.10:  73
3.11:  74
3.12:  75
3.13:  76
3.14:  77
3.15:  77
3.16:  78
3.17:  78
3.18:  79
3.19: n 79
3.20:  80
3.21:  .82
3.22: . 83
nh 3.23: . 84
3.24:  84
3.25:  87
3.26:  89

3.27:  89
3.28: Nhu thu CDMA 94
3.29: m d li 94
3.30: nh ci SNR = 7dB 95
Mahalanobis .96
 97
. 97
 99
- . 100
 100
- CDMA 5 user 101
b
 101
neuron
 102
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
 103
ng 4:
Ca PAL 104
Ca GAL 105
 khi ca CPLD t 106
Cn ca FPGA 107
i CLB ca FPGA 108
 khn ca mt module logic trong FPGA 108
Ca Cyclone 110
u khin LAB-rng .110
LE ca Cyclone 111
Kt n 113

t n 114
t ni C4 115
Ca Cyclone 116
Board DE2 117
 khi ca board DE2 117
Mt mng t nhiu phn t m
t p) 122
 123
 124
- 124
-
DE2 125
 32 bit .127
 129
. 132
 136
h 4.25:  139

 142

 143
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LI

1:
 1.1:  (t) cng vi mu 2 bit 9
 1.2: Bc sinh 31

3.1: r 75

 3.2:  88


 Trang 2
: 


C 1

1.1 h th
Trong cuc sng t i vi nhau nh
m, nhng kinh nghim trong cuc s ng nhu c
n nhiu h thNhng h th th
 dng. C th khi
ch

  

Hình 1.1:  khi cha mt h th

Ngun sinh ra hay chn truy 
ngu hu hng vi ngun tin ri rc.
ng truy  truyn trong mng vt
 thc chuych hp v ng
truy c t
t nhiu d
Nhc lu t u ly  u ra c
tin.
  m c       th 


 H th
 H th.
i hn c   th v h th
tin s. n trong mt h th . Thc
t i tt c  th  
 Trang 3
: 















i
i

i








nh
ng











tin
t


truy





Hình 1.2: S khi cha h th
 Khnh dng: hu h th (ti
 nh d chuyn
u t   dng s. C c biu din

b , rng dng c th u di
bit  dng thp. Vic chuy sang s trong h thng
thng tin s  u ch   
Modulation). Khi ginh dng thc hic ngc li i
u t s .
 Khm s bit nh  truyn bn tin. Vic
 i b n thi
ng truyc s dng hiu qu 
 Khi mt m v mn tin gc nhm m
 m c   m bo ch  n vi tin
m bo ch u
c nhn tin).
 Khhim v u s theo mt
quy luy, nh c
c li xn.
 Gin, gii mc thc hin  b 
c v 
 Khu tuy  ng
truyn vng  
 Trang 4
: 
 Khu chu s  truyn
v th theo mt t c, vi m p nh
cu mn s u ch  i dng xung,
dch chuyn ph tn s cn mu
a b u ch u ra ca b u ch 
hii.
 K

 Khp: l thut ho

nhiu c mn vt 
quang, mt b a v u hi
chia s n ch ca cn truyn dt s
kip, mi ki 
 h thi
 thay th d th hin t
k ra m
 Thun l liu
   gim ng ca nhi
 c s dp
 Gu bt k kiu, ngun gc, dch v
1.2 iu ch dch pha PSK
u ch s dch pha PSK, pha cn s cao s bin
a chui s. Vc truyn tng bit nh 
mng chn hai trc pha nhau (dch pha 180
0
) c
 ng v  u ch  c g u ch s 2-PSK hoc
c li, nc truyng t hp
hai bit mc gi ta phn trng thh
u nhau 90
0
(dch pha 90
0
ng vi bng hp ca hai bit nh u
u ch  c g   u ch 4-PSK hoc QPSK (quarternary phase shift
keying).
u ch PSK
Pha ci dch chuyn lt 180
0

c
luc 1 ca chui s c v minh ha  
 Trang 5
: 
t
t
1 10 0 01 0 11 0 01
Binary
NRZ
polar
Carrier
BPSK
Signal
+v
-v

Hình 1.3: Du ch BPSK
 Biu thc ca BPSK

     
. .coscos
BPSK o
v t Ad t t Ф


(1.1)
; w
o
n s  u c
lung bit nh n truyn, vc d(t) = +1 nu bit nh c lu

-1 nc lu
 u thMi quan h gi
A cng mang v
S


2
S
AP
(1.2)
u thc (1.1) tr 

     
2 .cos
BPSK S o
v t P d t t


(1.3)
Nu lung bit nh  
b
 
b
=1/f
b
y
i bit chuyn t

b S b
E PT

(1.4)
 Gi vector ca BPSK
 Trang 6
: 
  biu diu v
BPSK
   
 trc chun ca h thng. hiu v
BPSK
 m hai
t

10
( ) 2 cos
S
s t P t


(1.5)

00
( ) 2 cos
S
s t P t


(1.6)
 chc chun ca h th

10

2
( ) cos
b
u t t
T


(1.7)

10
2
( ) sin
b
u t t
T


(1.8)
t s
1

0
c vi trc chun

11
( ) . ( )
sb
s t PT u t
(1.9)

01
( ) . ( )
sb
s t PT u t
(1.10)
Hai tr
1

0
 c biu di






.
1
()ut
Sb
PT
Sb
PT
1
()st
0
()st

Hình 1.4: gi vector pha cn ca v
BPSK

(t)
a hai tr

10
( ) ( ) 2 2
S b b
d s t s t PT E   
(1.11)
Vi E
b
ng bit cd gia hai tr ca
 t gia tr tr
n s quynh mc logic ca chui s nhc bit
quan tru ch v
BPSK
c truyng b
ng bn kh 
nhc. T ng bit E
b

sun hoc t 
l.
 Ph tn s ca BPSK
 Trang 7
: 
T biu thc (1.11u v
BPSK
  cu xung








v



khi g ph t
ca









 
2

b
Sb
b
sin fT
G f P T
fT







(1.12)
 ph t ca v
BPSK


 
 
 
 
 
22
2
o b o b
Sb
BPSK
o b o b
sin f f T sin f f T
PT
Gf
f f T f f T



   




   
   


   

(1.13)

b
 bit.
f
2
b
f
b
f
 
Gf
3
b
f
b
f
2
b
f
3
b

f
o
o
 
BPSK
Gf
o
f
ob
ff
ob
ff
o
f
ob
ff
ob
ff
2
b
f

Hình 1.5: Ph tn s cu v
BPSK
(t)
Do ph ca v
BPSK
(t) tri rng v n chung quanh tn s 
f
o

rong thc tu t (t
f
0
-f
b
n f
0
+f
b
)  xem di tn ph c
b
.
 Mu ch iu ch BPSK
Mu ch BPSK dc ma m
o
t
vi chui s u nh 1).
 Trang 8
: 

 
BFSK
vt
cos
o
At





d(t)

Hình 1.6: Mu ch BPSK
Mch giu ch BPSK dc ma u v
BPSK
(t) vi
o cos 
o
n s ng b vc.



V
BPSK
(t)
d'(t)

mang
2cosw t
o
v (t)2cosw t
o
BPSK

Hình 1.7: Mch giu ch BPSK
  n s 
0
t
u v
BPSK

(t) s   o
n s n tr 
0
. Sau khi qua b lc tn s 2f
0
 tri
ua mt b n s  lc tn s f
0
, nh
v
0
o t u v
BPSK
c.

(
)


Chia 2


0
f
0
2 f
()
BPSK
vt
0

cos t


Hình 1.8: C
m ca m o 
lch pha 0
0
hoc 180
0
i vu ca b chia
n s.  khc pht k thuc
 n s tru
0

s chng hiu chnh c
m
=-A
2
/4sin2  n trnh
pha  gio vc b
 Trang 9
: 
 t lch =180
0
(tc 2=360
0
) n gi  tr
bng.  c pha vc.

(LPF)

VCO

(Loop Filter)

(LPF)
/4


2
()
PSK
vt
20
( ) cos( )
PSK
v t t


20
( ) sin( )
PSK
v t t


0
cos( )t


0
sin( )t



2
/ 4sin(2 )
M
VA

  
/ 2 ( ) cos( )A d t

  
/ 2 ( ) sin( )A d t

  

Hình 1.9: M
u ch QPSK
u ch s QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift u ch 4-
u ch pha ci b 
vi bit s liu ch.
 Biu thc ca QPSK
u ch s QPSK, lung s liu d(t) s c truy lt tng b gm
p, mi b c gng vi mt trng
  n tr
c gi l
1
(t), s
2
(t), s
3


4
(t). Gi b
e

b
o
(t) l  trong mu thc cu
 c vii dng

 
( ) 2 cos ( )
QPSK o
v t A t t


(1.14)
(t) c trong bng sau
Bảng1.1: G (t) cng vi mu 2 bit
b
o
(t)
b
e
(t)
(t)
1
1
/4
 Trang 10

: 
1
0

0
0
5/4 hoc -
0
1
7/4 hoc - /4
Du QPSK s 
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
Binary
-V
+V
NRZ
Polar
Carrier

QPSK
t
t
t

Hình 1.10: Du ch QPSK
 Gi vector ca QPSK
Dng tru QPSK, nu hai trc t c xem ln

0

sin (
0
t+i u thc c
c vit li dng

 
00
( ) ( )cos ( )sin
QPSK e o
v t Ab t t Ab t t
  
  
(1.15)

e

o
  ca chui s.
Gi P
S

S
 

S
=A
2

(do t

 
00
( ) ( )cos ( )sin
QPSK S e S o
v t P b t t P b t t
  
  
(1.16)