PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT potx

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Personal Protective
Equipment

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OSHAcademy Course 709 Study Guide
Personal Protective Equipment
Copyright © 2013 Geigle Safety Group, Inc. No portion of this text may be reprinted for other
than personal use. Any commercial use of this document is strictly forbidden.
Contact OSHAcademy to arrange for use as a training document.
This study guide is designed to be reviewed off-line as a tool for preparation to successfully
complete OSHAcademy Course 709.
Read each module, answer the quiz questions, and submit the quiz questions online through
the course webpage. You can print the post-quiz response screen which will contain the correct
answers to the questions.
The final exam will consist of questions developed from the course content and module quizzes.
We hope you enjoy the course and if you have any questions, feel free to email or call:
OSHAcademy
1915 NW Amberglen Parkway, Suite 400
Beaverton, Oregon 97006

www.oshatrain.org

+1.888.668.9079


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Contents
Course Introduction 7
What is the purpose of this course? 8
The Requirement for PPE 9
Module 1: 1910.132 General Requirements 10
What is required? 10
What is proper use? 10
What are the different categories of PPE? 10
When and where is PPE required? 11
Who pays for PPE? 11
PPE Design 12
What should not be worn? 12
What about back belts? 12
Work Clothing 13
Defective and Damaged Equipment 13
Hazard Assessment 13
PPE Assessment Form Sample 15
PPE Selection - One does not fit all. 15

Controlling Hazards 16
Elimination and Substitution 17
Engineering Controls 17
Administrative Controls 18
Personal Protective Equipment 18
Final Thoughts 18
Module 1 Quiz 19
Module 2: PPE Training Requirements 22
Introduction 22
What subjects must be trained? 22
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Educate the "why" as well as train the "how"! 23

Demonstration is the key 23
On-The-Job Training Strategy 24
What about online training? 26
When is retraining required? 26
Who should conduct the training? 26
If it isn't in writing it didn't happen! 27
Last Words 28
Module 3: Eye and Face Protection 31
Introduction 31
What contributes to eye injuries at work? 31
What causes eye injuries? 31

Where do accidents occur most often? 31
How can eye injuries be prevented? 32
Description and Use of Eye/Face Protectors 32
General Requirements 34
Criteria for Protective Eye and Face Devices 34
Lasers 34
What about emergencies? 35
Selection chart guidelines for eye and face protection 36
Notes to Eye and Face Protection Selection Chart: 38
Module 3 Quiz 40
Module 4: Respiratory Protection 42
Introduction 42
First Priority - Engineer it Out 42
Respiratory Protection Program Requirements 43
Inspection Requirements 44
Inspecting respirators 44
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Training 44

Selecting Respirators 45
Respirators for atmospheres that Are IDLH 46
Respirators for Atmospheres that Are Not IDLH 46
Using Respirators 47
Maintaining Respirators 48

Storing Respirators 48
Emergency Procedures 49
Medical Evaluation 49
Medical Evaluation Procedures 50
Follow-up Medical Examination 50
Medical Determination 50
Additional Medical Evaluations 51
Identification of Filters, Cartridges, and Canisters 51
Where respirator use is not required 51
Last Words 52
Module 5: Head, Hand and Foot Protection 55
Head Protection 55
Criteria for Protective Helmets 56
Selection Guidelines for Head Protection 56
What the Rule Says About Head Protection 57
Hand Protection 58
Hazards Requiring Hand Protection 58
Selection of Hand Protection 59
Hand Protection When Working With Tools 60
Glove Guide 61
Glove Chart 63
Foot protection 64
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Criteria for protective footwear 64

Steel-Reinforced Safety Shoes 64
Safety Boots 65
Selection guidelines for foot protection 65
Last Words 66
Module 6: Electrical Protective Equipment 69
Care and Use of Electrical Protective Equipment 69
Voltages 69
Inspecting Equipment 70
Defects 70
Gloves 71
Testing 72
Certification 73
Module 6 Quiz 74
Module 7: Hearing Protection 76
What's the noise all about? 76
Sound and Noise 76
How is sound measured? 77
When is workplace noise dangerous? 77
When Employees Need Protection 78
Noise Hazard Controls 79
Elimination and Substitution 80
Engineering controls 80
Administrative Controls 80
Personal Protective Equipment 81
Hearing Conservation Program 81
Hearing Protectors 81
More Employer Responsibilities 82
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Education and Training 83

Last words 83



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Course Introduction
Hazards exist in every workplace in many different forms: sharp edges, falling objects, flying
sparks, chemicals, noise and a myriad of other potentially dangerous situations. The
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) requires employers to protect their
employees from workplace hazards that can cause injury.
Controlling a hazard at its source is the best way to protect employees. Depending on the
hazard or workplace conditions, OSHA recommends the use of engineering or work practice
controls to manage or eliminate hazards to the greatest extent possible. For example, building a
barrier between the hazard and the employees is an engineering control; changing the way in
which employees perform their work is a work practice control.
When elimination, substitution, engineering, and administrative controls are not feasible or do
not provide sufficient protection, employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE)

to their employees and ensure its use. Personal protective equipment, commonly referred to as
"PPE", is equipment worn to minimize exposure to a variety of hazards. Examples of PPE include
such items as gloves, foot and eye protection, protective hearing devices (i.e., earplugs, and
muffs), hard hats, respirators, and full body suits. Remember, PPE is the last resort in hazard
control, not the first choice. Some employers may mistakenly believe PPE is the end all to be all.
They might do too much, not too little (see illustration below).

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This course will help both employers and employees do the following:
• understand the types of PPE;
• know the basics of conducting a "hazard assessment" of the workplace;
• select appropriate PPE for a variety of circumstances; and
• understand what kind of training is needed in the proper use and care of PPE.
What is the purpose of this course?
The information in this course is general in nature and does not address all workplace hazards
or PPE requirements. The information, methods and procedures in this course are based on the
OSHA requirements for PPE as set forth in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) for general
industry at:
• 29 CFR 1910.132 (General requirements)
• 29 CFR 1910.133 (Eye and face protection)
• 29 CFR 1910.135 (Head protection)
• 29 CFR 1910.136 (Foot protection)
• 29 CFR 1910. 137 (Electrical protective equipment) and

• 29 CFR 1910.138 (Hand protection)
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The Requirement for PPE
To ensure the greatest possible protection for employees in the workplace, the cooperative
efforts of both employers and employees will help in establishing and maintaining a safe and
healthful work environment.
In general, employers are responsible for:
• performing a "hazard assessment" of the workplace to identify and control physical and
health hazards;
• identifying and providing appropriate PPE for employees;
• training employees in the use and care of the PPE;
• maintaining PPE, including replacing worn or damaged PPE; and
• periodically reviewing, updating and evaluating the effectiveness of the PPE program.
In general, employees should:
• properly wear PPE;
• attend training sessions on PPE;
• care for, clean and maintain PPE; and
• inform a supervisor of the need to repair or replace PPE.
Specific requirements for PPE are presented in many different OSHA standards, published in 29
CFR. Some standards require that employers provide PPE at no cost to the employee while
others simply state that the employer must provide PPE.
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Module 1: 1910.132 General Requirements
What is required?
OSHA requires the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce
employee exposure to hazards when engineering and administrative
controls are not feasible or effective in reducing these exposures to
acceptable levels. Employers are required to determine if PPE should be
used to protect their workers and have an obligation to provide PPE,
including personal protective equipment for eyes, face, head, and
extremities, and protective clothing and barriers. Employers must also
make sure employees use and maintain PPE in a sanitary and reliable
condition.
What is proper use?
Personal Protective Equipment must be worn and used in a manner which will make full use of
its protective qualities.
Low rates of compliance in wearing PPE usually indicate the safety management system is
failing in some way. Any one of the following root causes may result in general non-compliance:
• the employer does not provide quality PPE;
• the employer does not properly supervise the use of PPE;
• the employer fails to enforce the use of PPE; or
• the employer does not properly train employees on the use of PPE.
What are the different categories of PPE?
Categories of PPE
• Face and eye protection
• Head protection
• Foot protection
• Hand protection

• Protective clothing
• Protective ointments
• Shields
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• Barriers
• Restraints
When and where is PPE required?
PPE is required wherever the conditions listed below are encountered that are capable of
causing injury or impairment by being absorbed, inhaled, or physically contacted.
• hazards of processes
• environment hazards
• chemical hazards
• radiological hazards
• mechanical irritants
Who pays for PPE?
Personal protective equipment (PPE), used during work must be provided by the employer at
no cost to employees. However, the employer is not required to pay for non-specialty safety-
toe protective footwear (including steel-toe shoes or steel-toe boots) and non-specialty
prescription safety eyewear, provided that the employer permits such items to be worn off the
job-site.
When the employer provides metatarsal guards and allows the employee, at his or her request,
to use shoes or boots with built-in metatarsal protection, the employer is not required to
reimburse the employee for the shoes or boots.
In addition, the employer is not required to pay for:

• the logging boots required by 29 CFR 1910.266(d)(1)(v);
• everyday clothing, such as long-sleeve shirts, long pants, street shoes, and normal work
boots; or
• ordinary clothing, skin creams, or other items, used solely for protection from weather,
such as winter coats, jackets, gloves, parkas, rubber boots, hats, raincoats, ordinary
sunglasses, and sunscreen.
The employer must pay for replacement PPE, except when the employee has lost or
intentionally damaged the PPE. Where an employee provides adequate protective equipment
he or she owns, the employer may allow the employee to use it and is not required to
reimburse the employee for that equipment. The employer can not require an employee to
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provide or pay for his or her own PPE, unless the PPE is one of the exceptions listed in the OSHA
PPE standard 1910.132(h)(2) through (h)(5).
PPE Design
All personal protective equipment must be of safe design and construction for the work to be
performed.
What should not be worn?
The PPE rules require that rings, wristwatches, earrings, bracelets, and other jewelry must not
be worn if it's possible for it to come into contact with power driven machinery or electric
circuitry.
Why this rule? Read how this rule might have prevented some serious injuries:
De-gloving of a finger caused by a ring. From Bob F.
The accident occurred when the individual was jumping off the side of an Army tow truck. He
placed his hand on the railing of the bed and jumped off. The ring caught on the side of truck

bed. Upon reaching the ground, the ring had removed all the skin from the finger, leaving the
muscles, bone and fingernail exposed.
The individual was rushed to an emergency room where the finger was inserted into the wall of
the stomach area. A pedicle graft was performed using the skin from the stomach area. After
more than eight operations and over 100 plus days in the hospital the finger is semi-useable.

Nothing but air? NOT! From Joan R.
I took care of a man who got his ring caught on a basketball hoop as he made a dunk and pulled
his whole finger off skin, bone, and all at the knuckle: Not a pretty sight.
What about back belts?
It's important that you understand that back belts should not be considered personal protective
equipment in that they physically "protect" you from back injuries.
Devices such as back belts are not recognized by OSHA as control measures to prevent back
injury. While they may be accepted by individual workers because they feel as if they provide
additional support, if used improperly, they may restrict the body's range of motion and
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possibly aggravate other ergonomic stressors in the job. Research indicates that the primary
value in back belts, when used properly, is that they "remind" the employee to use proper
lifting techniques. As a result, fewer back injuries occur. Thus, OSHA does not forbid the use of
back belts and similar devices, nor does it endorse their use.
Work Clothing
Clothing must be worn which is appropriate to the work performed and conditions
encountered.
Loose sleeves, ties, lapels, cuffs, or other loose clothing must not be worn near moving

machinery.
Make sure that you immediately remove clothing that becomes saturated or impregnated with
flammable liquids, corrosive or toxic substances, irritants, or oxidizing agents. Don't wear it
again until it's properly cleaned.
Defective and Damaged Equipment
Of course, defective or damaged personal protective equipment must not be used. It's
important to inspect PPE regularly, and before each use to make sure it's capable of adequately
protecting an employee from exposure to hazards. Remember, PPE that is defective is not
PPE.
Hazard Assessment
A first critical step in developing a comprehensive safety and health program is to identify
physical and health hazards in the workplace. This process is known as a "hazard assessment."
Potential hazards may be physical or health-related and a comprehensive hazard assessment
should identify hazards in both categories. Examples of physical hazards include moving
objects, fluctuating temperatures, high intensity lighting, rolling or pinching objects, electrical
connections and sharp edges. Examples of health hazards include overexposure to harmful
dusts, chemicals or radiation. The hazard assessment should begin with a walk-through survey
of the facility to develop a list of potential hazards in the basic hazard categories below.
• Impact
• Penetration
• Compression (roll-over),
• Chemical
• Heat/cold
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• Harmful dust
• Light (optical) radiation
• Biological contaminants
In addition to noting the basic layout of the facility and reviewing any history of occupational
illnesses or injuries, things to look for during the walk-through survey include:
• sources of electricity;
• sources of motion such as machines or processes where movement may exist that could
result in an impact between personnel and equipment;
• sources of high temperatures that could result in burns, eye injuries or fire;
• types of chemicals used in the workplace;
• sources of harmful dusts;
• sources of light radiation, such as welding, brazing, cutting, furnaces, heat treating, high
intensity lights, etc.;
• the potential for falling or dropping objects;
• sharp objects that could poke, cut, stab or puncture; and
• biological hazards such as blood or other potentially infectious material.
When the walk-through is complete, the employer should organize and analyze the data so that
it may be efficiently used in determining the proper types of PPE required at the worksite. The
employer should become aware of the different types of PPE available and the levels of
protection offered. It is definitely a good idea to select PPE that will provide a level of
protection greater than the minimum required to protect employees from hazards.
The workplace should be periodically be reassessed for any changes in conditions, equipment
or operating procedures that could affect occupational hazards. This periodic reassessment
should also include a review of injury and illness records to spot any trends or areas of concern
and taking appropriate corrective action. The suitability of existing PPE, including an evaluation
of its condition and age, should be included in the reassessment.
Documentation of the hazard assessment is required through a written certification that
includes the following information:
• identification of the workplace evaluated;
• name of the person conducting the assessment;

• date of the assessment; and
• identification of the document certifying completion of the hazard assessment.
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PPE Assessment Form Sample

If the person conducting the hazard assessment discovers that hazards requiring PPE are
present, or likely to be present, then management must:
• select, and have each affected employee use, the types of PPE that will protect the
affected employee from the hazard identified in the hazard assessment;
• communicate selection decisions to each affected employee; and,
• select PPE that properly fits each affected employee.
PPE Selection - One does not fit all.
All PPE clothing and equipment should be of safe design and construction, and should be
maintained in a clean and reliable fashion. Employers should take the fit and comfort of PPE
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into consideration when selecting appropriate items for their workplace. PPE that fits well and
is comfortable to wear will encourage employee use of PPE. Most protective devices are
available in multiple sizes and care should be taken to select the proper size for each employee.

If several different types of PPE are worn together, make sure they are compatible. If PPE does
not fit properly, it can make the difference between being safely covered or dangerously
exposed. It may not provide the level of protection desired and may discourage employee use.
OSHA requires that many categories of PPE meet or be equivalent to standards developed by
the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). ANSI has been preparing safety standards
since the 1920s, when the first safety standard was approved to protect the heads and eyes of
industrial workers. Employers who need to provide PPE in the categories listed below must
make certain that any new equipment procured meets the cited ANSI standard. Existing PPE
stocks must meet the ANSI standard in effect at the time of its manufacture or provide
protection equivalent to PPE manufactured to the ANSI criteria. Employers should inform
employees who provide their own PPE of the employer's selection decisions and ensure that
any employee-owned PPE used in the workplace conforms to the employer's criteria, based on
the hazard assessment, OSHA requirements and ANSI standards. OSHA requires PPE to meet
the ANSI standards listed below.
• Eye and Face Protection:
ANSI Z87.1-2010 (USA Standard for Occupational and
Educational Eye and Face Protection).
• Head Protection:
ANSI Z89.1-2009.
• Foot Protection: ANSI Z41.1-1999.
For hand protection, there is no ANSI standard for gloves but OSHA recommends that selection
be based upon the tasks to be performed and the performance and construction characteristics
of the glove material. For protection against chemicals, glove selection must be based on the
chemicals encountered, the chemical resistance and the physical properties of the glove
material.

Controlling Hazards
To control hazards, a hierarchy of controls has been used as a means of determining how to
implement feasible and effective controls.
ANSI Z10-2005, Occupational Health and Safety

Management Systems, encourages employers to employ the hierarchy of hazard control
strategies listed below.
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• Elimination
• Substitution
• Engineering controls
• Administrative controls
• Personal protective equipment
The idea behind this hierarchy is that the control methods at the top of the list are potentially
more effective and protective than those at the bottom. Following the hierarchy normally leads
to the implementation of inherently safer systems, ones where the risk of illness or injury has
been substantially reduced. Let's take a closer look at the hierarchy of control strategies.
Elimination and Substitution
Elimination and substitution, while most effective at reducing hazards, also tend to be the most
difficult to implement in an existing process. If the process is still at the design or development
stage, elimination and substitution of hazards may be inexpensive and simple to implement. For
an existing process, major changes in equipment and procedures may be required to eliminate
or substitute for a hazard.
These strategies are considered first because they have the potential to completely eliminate
the hazard, thus greatly reducing the probability of an accident. Redesigning or replacing
equipment or machinery may be expensive, but remember that, according to the National
Safety Council, the average direct and indirect cost of a lost work time injury is $34,000 and
$1,115,000 to close a fatality claim.

Below are examples of these two strategies.
• Removing the source of excessive temperatures, noise, or pressure
• Substituting a toxic chemical with a less toxic or non-toxic chemical
Engineering Controls
Workplace hazards may be corrected using engineering controls which may be
thought of as replacing or redesigning machinery, equipment, and tools,
and/or substituting materials. Engineering controls are the "first line of
defense" against injury/illness, because they have the potential to completely
eliminate a hazard, and do not rely on human behavior to be effective. For
instance, rather than require employees to wear respiratory protection which
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must be monitored, inspected, trained, managed, it's much more effective to install a
ventilation system that does not require any of those management activities.
Administrative Controls
Administrative controls can be accomplished with the stroke of the pen. It
involves changing or redesigning work procedures, rescheduling breaks,
changing the number of workers doing a job, and using personal protective
equipment to reduce the frequency and duration exposure to the hazards of
tasks. Using administrative controls alone is not as effective as engineering
controls because, in most cases, they only reduce exposure - they don't
eliminate the hazard. And even more importantly, administrative controls rely
on human behavior (which introduces many variables in the long run) that must be continually
managed.
Personal Protective Equipment

The important thing to remember here is that PPE alone should not be relied on to provide
protection against hazards, but should be used in conjunction with engineering controls and
other administrative controls.
Final Thoughts
That's a lot to remember, isn't it? Not to worry. You can always refer back to this information.
It’s time now for your first module quiz. Remember, final exam questions come from the
quizzes, so be sure to complete each quiz.

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Module 1 Quiz
Use this quiz to self-check your understanding of the module content. You can also go online
and take this quiz within the module. The online quiz provides the correct answer once
submitted.
1. Which of the following root causes may result in general non-compliance with PPE
requirements?
a) the employer does not provide quality PPE
b)
the employer does not properly supervise the use of PPE
c)
the employer does not properly train employees on the use of PPE
d)
all of the above
2. According to OSHA law, who is obligated to provide and to pay for required personal
protective equipment?

a) the employee
b) the employer
c) the insurer
d) the government
3. PPE is required wherever which of the following conditions are encountered that are
capable of causing injury or impairment by being absorbed, inhaled, or physically contacted?
a) radiological hazards
b)
chemical hazards
c)
mechanical irritants
d)
any of the above

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4. Are devices such as back belts recognized by OSHA as control measures to prevent back
injury?
a) yes
b) no
5. A ______________________ is an important element of a PPE program because it produces
the information needed to select the appropriate PPE for any hazards present or likely to be
present at particular worksites:
a) observation program
b)

feedback mechanism
c)
training program
d)
hazard assessment
6. Personal protective equipment is most often used ______________ engineering and
administrative controls.
a) as a replacement for
b) in conjunction with
c) prior to the use of
d) to reduce the need for
7. If the person conducting the hazard assessment discovers that hazards requiring PPE are
present, or likely to be present, management must do which of the following?
a) select PPE for the affected employee for the specific hazard
b) communicate selection decisions to each affected employee
c) select PPE that properly fits each affected employee
d) all of the above
8. When it comes to PPE, "One does NOT fit all!"
a) true
b) false

9. The most important strategy for surveying the work area is to conduct a hazard
assessment.
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a) true
b) false
10. Workplace hazards may be most effectively corrected using: _____________________.
a) administrative controls
b) personal protective equipment
c) engineering controls
d) education controls




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Module 2: PPE Training Requirements
Introduction
You are told to mix a certain chemical with water to use as a cleaning agent to wash down your
company trucks. You check out the chemical. It looks like water, doesn't feel any different than
water so you assume PPE isn't really necessary. So, you go about washing the trucks. Your
hands and arms get pretty wet with the solution you've mixed, but, heck no pain, no
sting must be safe. No worse than water, right? Wrong, very wrong.
You've been using a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and water. By the time you get home your
arms are hurting like crazy. You hurry off to the hospital, but by the time you arrive, it's too
late. The hydrofluoric acid has penetrated your skin on both of your arms, clear through to the
bone. Fluorine ions have replaced calcium ions in the bone, effectively turning it into a sponge-
like consistency. But, you are lucky; only one arm must be amputated. The doctors were able to

save the other arm.
This scenario would not have occurred had you been properly trained in using PPE. The PPE
standard mandates that the employer must provide training to each employee who is required
to use Personal Protective Equipment. But, what is effective PPE Training? What methods work,
and what are the goals of training PPE? We'll try to answer these questions, and others,
throughout this module so that you'll be better able to participate in, conduct, or manage PPE
training that is beneficial to the employee and cost effective for the employer.
What subjects must be trained?
According to the standard, to meet the minimum training requirements, each employee
receiving PPE training must be trained to know at least the following:
1. when PPE is necessary;
2. what PPE is necessary;
3. how to properly don, doff, adjust, and wear PPE;
4. the limitations of the PPE; and
5. the proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the PPE.
So far, we meet minimum OSHA requirements but one very important element is missing:
1. The PPE standard does not specifically require education on "why" PPE is necessary
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So, why is this element so important? Because study after study tells us the most common
reason employees don't follow rules in the workplace is because they don't know why the rules
are important.
Educate the "why" as well as train the "how"!
It's important to understand that whenever we conduct PPE training, educating the "why" and
training the "how" must always occur. If we neglect the educational component, we jeopardize

the long-term effectiveness of the overall training.
The first five elements in the list describe the what, when, and how about PPE use. The goal is
to increase both knowledge and skill so that the employee is better able to properly use PPE.
The methods used to train the employee are primarily discussion and demonstration. To
measure knowledge and skill, the instructor usually tests the employee by asking them to do
something.
The final "why" element addresses the importance of using PPE and what the consequences of
behavior (compliance and failure to comply) will be. The natural consequences include some
form of resulting injury or health to the employee. The system consequences describe the
nature of the discipline or recognition that will result from performance. The goal of this last
element is to increase employee motivation to use PPE so that the employee is more likely to
use PPE properly. The method used to educate is primarily classroom lecture or discussion. To
measure motivation, the instructor usually tests the employee by asking them to write or say
something.
Demonstration is the key
Before an employee is allowed to do work requiring PPE, the employer must require each
affected employee to:
• demonstrate an understanding of the training elements listed above; and
• demonstrate the ability to use PPE properly.
Demonstration is really the most common and probably the most efficient method to
determine employee knowledge and skills. How does the employee demonstrate an
understanding of the six PPE training subjects listed above? Simple, their level of knowledge is
measured by asking the employee questions similar to those listed below.
1. What PPE is required for your particular job?
2. When is the PPE required to be used in your job?
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3. What are the possible defects your PPE might have?
4. How do you properly care for and maintain/store your PPE?
5. What is the useful life of your PPE?
6. From what hazards does the PPE protect you?
The form of the "test" may be either written or oral. If you are training a number of employees,
you should give them a written test to best measure individual knowledge. It's also the intent of
most OSHA law that knowledge be measured by written exams. In addition to the oral or
written test, the standard requires some kind of method that provides an opportunity for the
employee to demonstrate adequate skills. Here is a simple training strategy that ensures the
student will have an opportunity to demonstrate.
On-The-Job Training Strategy
On-The-Job (OJT) is the most common training strategy used in the workplace and for a good
reason. OJT can be very effective because it tests both knowledge and skills during the training
process. Let's take a look at the OJT steps.
Step 1: Introduction State and discuss the learning objectives and answer any questions the
employee may have. Discuss the acceptable standards of knowledge and performance. Tell the
trainee what you’re going to train. Emphasize the importance of the procedure to the success
of the production/service goals. Invite questions. Emphasize the natural and system
consequences of their performance. The natural consequences describe the hurt or health that
automatically results. The system consequences are those consequences the organization
applies as a result of an employee's performance; discipline or positive recognition.
Step 2: Trainer tells and does. In this step the trainee becomes familiar with each work practice
and why it is important. Review the initial conditions for the procedure. Demonstrate the
process, carefully explaining each step as you go. Answer questions and continue to
demonstrate and explain until the employee understands what to do, when and why to do it,
and how to do it.

Trainer:

EXPLAINS and PERFORMS each step.

Learner:
OBSERVES each step and QUESTIONS the trainer.