Bình luận khoa học án lệ số 05

BINH LUAN KHOA HOC AN LE SO 05/2016/AL
Tie&ng Duy Lugrng*
Tdm tit: Bai viit binh ludn khoa hgc vi dn li so 05/2016/AL dugc Hpi ddng Thdm
phdn Toa dn nhdn ddn tdi cao thdng qua ngdy 06/4/2016 vd dugc cdng bd theo Quyit
dinh so 220/QB-CA ngdy 06/4/2016 cua Chanh dn Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao.
Abstract: The article provides a commentary on the ease law no. 05/2016/AL
rendered by the Council of the Supreme People's Court dated (f* April 2016 and
publicized under the Decision no. 220/QD-CA dated &^ April 2016 by the President of
the Supreme People's Court.
l.T6mtitdnlf>
Npi dung vu dn
Tgi dan khdi kipn ngay 18/7/2008 vd
Uong qud trinh giai quyfit vy dn, bd Nguyfin
Thj Thudng, bd Nguyfin Thj Xuan trinh
bay: Cha mp cac bd la cg Nguyfin Van
Hung (chit nam 1978), cu Lfi Thi Ngy (chit
ndm 1992) cd 06 ngudi eon Id bd Nguyen
Thj Xfi, dng Nguyfin Chi Trai, bd Nguyen
Thj Xudn, bd Nguyfin Thj Thudng, bd
Nguyfin Thj Trinh vd dng Nguyfin Chi Trai.
6ng Trai cd vg la ba Ong Thi Manh vd ed
05 ngudi con la anh Nguyfin Thudn Ly, anh
Nguyen Thuin Huy, chi Nguyen Thj Qudi
Dudng, anh Nguyfin Chi Dat (sinh nam
1966) vd anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam
1968). Tgi Quyet djnh sd 413/2008 ngdy
31/3/2008, Tda dn nhdn dan Thanh phd Hd
Chi Minh da myfin bd dng Trai, ba Manh,
anh Thuan Huy, chi Qudi Dudng, anh
Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1968) Id da chfit.
Cdn nhd sd 263 dudng Trin Binh

Trgng, Phudng 4, Qudn 5, Thdnh phd Hd
Chi Minh do cu Hung, cu Ngy nhgn chuyin
* Trpng tAi vien Trung tam trpng tai quoc te Vift
Nam (VIAC).
' Toftn van i n 1? s6 05/2016/AL xem tai:
/>tanle?dDocName=TAND01430I, truy cap ngay
5/1/2020.

nhugng dit ciia dng Dao Thanh Phyng nam
1953, den nam 1966 thi hai eu xdy dyng nha
d nhu hifin nay. Nha dat chua dugc cap giay
chiing nhdn quyfin sd huu nhd d, quyin sir
dyng ddt, chi mdi ke khai nam 1999. Cu
Hung, cy Ngy chfit deu khdng dfi Igi di
chlic, can nhd hipn nay do chj Nguyin Thi
Thuy Phugng Id con ong Nguyen Chi Trai
dang qudn ly. Qud trinh quan ly, chj Phugng
cho ba Nguyin Thi Bich Dao thufi mgt phdn
can nha de ldm Id bdnh mi. Khi chj Phugng
d day cd sira chua nha nhung khdng dang
ke. Vg chdng dng Trai khdng cd ddng gdp
gi vdo vipc xdy dyng vd sira chua vi ong
Trdi di cdi tgo, cdn ba Tu vg dng Trdi khdng
cd nghfi nghipp, con cdn be khdng cd thu
nhgp dl cd tien ddng gdp. Nfiu chj Phugng
cd chung cii chiing minh chi phi sira chiia
vd yfiu cau thi cdc bd se tta.
Cac nguyen dan yeu cau chia thira ke
can nha nay theo quy dinh cua phdp luat va
xin dugc nhan liha, hodn lgi bang tien cho

cdc thua kfi khdc. Chi Phugng khdng thugc
dien thira kfi nfin phdi ttd lai nha, khdng
ddng y ho frg chj Phugng di nai khdc.
Bi dan Id chj Nguyfin Thj Thuy Phugng
trinh bay: Chj thdng nhdt vfi quan he gia
dinh. Cha chj Id dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi, mp
chj la bd Nguyen Thi Tu cd 03 ngudi con
gdm chi, anh Nguyfin Chi Diic, chj Nguyen

63


NHA NUdc vA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020
Tin Thuy Loan (anh Diic, chi Loan hipn
sdng d Canada). Can nhd sd 263 dudng
Trdn Binh Trgng la cua dng ba ndi chi mua
tii nam 1953, khi dd Id nhd ngdi, vdch vdn.
Nam 1955, cha chj kfit hdn vdi mp chi va
cha mp ehi d tgi can nha ndy. Nam 1978,
cha chj xuat cdnh sang My, mp chi chfit nam
1980. Chi sdng tgi can nhd nay tir nhd dfin
nay, da sira chiia nha nhifiu lan nhu lam ciia
nhdm, xay tudng phan gdc limg, Idt ggch
men sdn thugng, xdy tudng phia sau nhd.
Chj cd phan thira ke ctia cha chj vi nam
2006 cha chi da lap td eho diit chi tai sdn
thiia ke d Vipt Nam nen chj dugc phan thiia
ke md cha chj dugc hudng ciia cy Hung, eu
Ngy. Chj khdng ddng y yfiu cau cua cae
nguyfin dan, vi thdi hipu chia thua kfi da

hit, hipn tgi chi va 02 con eua ehi dang sdng
tai can nhd nay. Chj cd cho bd Nguyen Tiii
Bich Dao thufi mgt phdn nhd ldm Id bdnh
mi, chj vd bd Ddo se ty giai quyfit vdi nhau
vl vi$c thue nhd.
Bi dem Id dng Nguyen Chi Trai trinh
bay: Tgi van ban ngdy 14/10/2009, dng Trdi
cd dan dl nghi vdi ngi dung ngay 25/4/2006
dng cd giiy eho chi Phugng dugc hudng
phan tai san thira kfi md dng dugc hudng
cua cha mp tgi Viet Nam, nay dng xm buy
bd van bdn ufin va bang van bdn ndy dng
xin uy quyen cho bd Thudng, bd Xuan thay
mat dng tai tda dn, khi tda xet xu xong phdn
tai sdn thira kl cua dng xin dugc trao hfit
cho con trai ong la anh Nguyfin Chi Diic
hipn cu tni tai Canada.
Sau khi xet xii so thdm, ngay
22/4/2010, dng Trdi cd Dan tudng uinh ndi
dung dng khdng ddng y chia thiia kfi nhd
263 Trdn Binh Trgng ma giao cho chj
Phugng tifip tyc ttong nom dfi d, dng vd vg
dng da cd cdng siic ddng gdp tifin ciia vdo

64

can nhd nay. Nhung din ngay 14/7/2010,
dng Trdi lgi cd van bdn vdi ngi dung dng
cho con ti^i la anh Nguyfin Chi Diic phan
tai sdn dng dugc nhgn thira ke ciia cha mp.

Ngdy 11/3/2011, dng Trdi cd Td tudng ttinh
ngi dung dng d^ng y vdi quyet djnh cua Bdn
dn so thim, ong khdng khang cdo.
Ngudi cd quyin lgi nghia vy lien quan:
- Bd Nguyen Thi Trinh (Id con cy Hung,
cu Ngy) trinh bdy: Ba thong nhit nhu trinh
bay ciia cdc nguyfin dan ve quan hp gia dinh
vd nguon goc tdi sdn. Nam 1966 nhd bj hu
dgt, cha mp bd cd siia lgi nhd c6 sy ddng
gdp eua cdc con Uong dd cd ba nhung bd
khdng yeu cau phan bd da ddng gdp. Vipc
chj Phugng eho rang, cha mp chj va chj c6
ddng gdp frong vific siia chua nhd Id khdng
diing. Bd dl nghi ky phan thiia kfi ciia bd
giao eho bd Xuan, ba Thudng quan Iy; dl
nghi bd Ddo, chi Phugng Ud lgi nhd.
- Anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam 1966),
anh Nguyen Thuan Ly trinh bay: Cha m?
cdc anh Id dng Nguyen Chi Trai, bd Ong Thj
Mgnh cung 03 ngudi em ciia cdc anh dfiu da
chit Ufin bien khi vugt hifin vao nam 1982.
Cde anh ddng y vdi y kien eua nguyen don
ve vipc chia thira kfi, xin dugc hudng thira
kfi tai san eua ey Hung, cy Ngy vd giao cho
bd Thudng, bd Xxxdn qudn Iy.
Bd Nguyfin Thj Xe (Id con ciia cg
Hung, cu Ngy) thdng nhat vdi trinh bdy ciia
cac nguyfin don vfi quan he gia dinh vd yfiu
cdu cua cdc nguyen dan, ky phan thira ke bd
dugc hudng cho 02 con ciia bd la Phgm Thj

Vui va Pham Thj Lifin.
Ldi khai ciia chi Nguyfin Thj Thuy
Loan, anh Nguyen Chi Diic theo gidy uy
quyin lap ngay 21/5/2007 (da dugc hgp
phdp hod lanh su) thi chj Loan, anh Diic iiy
quyin cho chi Phugng quyfit djnh mgi sy


BINHLVANKHOA

vipc lien quan dfin nhiing tranh chdp hay
phan chia tai sdn vd nha dat ben Viet Nam
(Giay iiy quyfin nay do chi Phugng xudt
trinh theo dan ciia chj Phugng de ngdy
25/3/2011, sau khi xet xir so tham).
Chj Loan cd don (kem theo van bdn uy
quyfin) vdi ngi dung xin vang mat phien tod
ngdy 13/8/2009. Ve tdi sdn Uanh chap cha
mp chi cd tien ddng gdp, cdn cdc ed chii
khdc khdng ddng gdp gi. Sau nam 1975,
mgi ngudi di het, chi cdn minh chj Phugng
d vdi dng bd, de nghj Tda cho chi Phugng d
lai nhd ddt tranh chap.
Tgi Bdn dn dan sy sa thdm so
3363/2009/DSST ngdy 18/11/2009, Tda dn
nhdn dan Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh quyfit
djnh:
- Xdc djnh nhd ddt tgi 263 Tran Binh
Trgng Id di sdn thira ke ciia cy Nguyfin Van
Hung, cg Lfi Thj Ngy; mdi ky phin thua kl

dugc hudng la 10.655.687.000
6 =
1.775.947.800 ddng.
- Bugc mp con chj Phugng vd ba Ddo
giao lgi nhd dat franh chap cho ba Thudng,
bd Xuan. Bd Thudng, ba Xuan cd Udeh
nhipm frd cho cdc thira kfi khdc bang tifin
ma hg dugc hudng.
- Ghi nhgn vipc dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi
cho con Id anh Nguyfin Chi Diic dugc nhdn
ky phan thiia kl ciia dng.
Ngdy 30/11/2009, chj Nguyfin Thj
Thuy Phugng cd dan khdng cao cd ndi
dung cho ring cy Himg, cy Ngu chfit da
qud 10 nam nen thdi hieu khdi kipn vfi thira
ke khdng cdn.
Ngay 15/3/2011, chj Phugng cd don
khdng cdo bd sung ngi dung:
- Cha chi Id dng Trdi khdng ddng y chia
vd ddng y cho chi qudn ly can nha ndy. Cdc

HQC.

ddng thira ke khdng cd van bdn xdc nhgn
nha tranh chap Id tai sdn chung chua chia.
Cha me chi vd cdc con Uong do cd chi da
sdng dn djnh ban 50 nam tgi can nhd ndy,
da bdo qudn, giu gin can nha nhimg nay lai
budc mp con chi phdi ra khdi nha Id khdng
thau tinh dgt ly.

Tgi Bdn dn ddn sy phiic tham sd
116/2011/DS-PT ngdy 10/5/2011, Tda phiic
thdm Tod dn nhan dan tdi cao tgi Thdnh phd
Hd Chi Mmh quyfit djnh: Giu nguyen Bdn
dn so thdm.
Ngdy 16/6/2011, chj Nguyin Thi Thuy
Phugng cd dan dfi nghj gidm dfic thdm Bdn
dn dan sy phiic tham nfiu fren.
Tgi Quylt djnh sfi 158/2014/KN-DS
ngdy 06/5/2014, Chdnh dn Tda dn nhdn dan
tdi cao da khdng nghj Bdn dn dan sy phiic
thim nfiuttfin;dl nghj Hgi dong Thim phdn
Tda an nhdn ddn tdi cao xet xOr gidm ddc
thim huy Bdn dn dan su phuc thdm nfiu frfin
vd Bdn an dan sy so tham sd
3363/2009/DSST ngdy 18/11/2009 eiia Tda
dn nhan dan Thdnh pho Hd Chi Minh; giao
hd so vy dn cho Tda an nhan ddn Thdnh phd
Hd Chi Mmh xet xir so thdm lai theo quy
djnh ciia phdp Iuat.
Tgi phien tda gidm ddc thdm, dgi difin
Vien kilm sdt nhan dan tdi cao nhat tri
khang nghj ciia Chdnh dn Tda dn nhan dan
tdi cao.
Hpi ddng Tham phdn Toa dn nhdn
dan tdi cao nhgn dinh:
Vg chdng cu Nguyen Van Hung (chfit
nam 1978), cu Le Thi Ngy (chfit nam 1992)
cd 06 ngudi con gdm ba Nguyen Thj Xfi,
dng Nguyen Chi Trdi, bd Nguyfin Thi Xudn,

ba Nguyen Thi Thudng, ba Nguyen Thi
Trinh va dng Nguyfin Chi Trai. Vg chdng
dng Nguyin Chi Trai, bd Ong Thj Manh cd

65


NHA NUdc vA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020
05 ngudi con la anh Nguyfin Thuan Ly, anh
Nguyfin Thudn Huy, chi Nguyen Thi Qudi
Dudng, anh Nguyfin Chi Dgt (sinh nam
1966), anh Nguyfin Chi Dat (sinh nam
1968). Ong Trai, bd Mgnh, anh Huy, chi
Dudng, anh Nguyen Chi Dgt (sinh nam
1968) bjttiyfinbo chit ngay 31/3/2008 theo
Quylt djnh sd 413/2008 ngay 31/3/2008 cua
Tda dn nhdn ddn Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh.
Cy Hung, cy Ngy chfit dfiu khdng dfi Igi
di ehuc. Cdc con ciia hai cy vd chj Phugng
(con dng Trdi) dfiu thira nhdn can nhd sd
263 dudng Tran Binh Trgng, Phudng 4,
Qugn 5, Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh do cu
Hung, cu Ngy nhgn chuyfin nhugng ciia dng
Ddo Thdnh Phyng nam 1953 la tai san ciia
hai eg tgo Igp, hipn tai dang do chi Phugng
qudn ly, sir dyng.
Nam 2008, bd Xuan, bd Thudng khdi
kipn yeu cdu chia thua kfi di san eiia cy
Hung, eu Ngy dfi lgi.
Cdc ducmg sy dfiu xac dinh ong Trdi

djnh cu tgi My trudc ngay 01/7/1991. Tda
an cip so thdm, phiic tham can cii Nghi
quylt 1037/2006/NQ-UBTVQHl 1 ngay
27/7/2006 ciia Uy ban Thudng vy Quoc hdi
xdc dinh thdi hieu khdi kifin thira kfi ddi vdi
di sdn cua cy Hung van cdn Id cd ca sd. Ddi
vdi di sdn ciia cy Ngy thi da het thdi hieu
khdi kipn yfiu cdu chia thira kfi, nhung dng
Trdi va cac ddng thira kfi cua hai cu dfiu
thira nhgn di sdn cua cu Ngy la tdi san
chung ciia cac thira ke chua chia vd dfiu nhat
Ui chia deu cho eac thua kfi. Do dd, Tda an
cdp so thim, phuc tham can cu tieu muc a
dilm 2.4 muc 2 phin I Nghj quylt sd
02/2004/NQ-HDTP ngdy 10/8/2004 ciia Hdi
ddng Tham phan Tda dn nhan ddn tdi cao
hudng ddn dp dung phdp Iuatfrongvific gidi
quylt cac vy an dan sy, hdn nhan vd gia

66

dinh dfi chia phan di sdn ciia cy Ngy cho cdc
thua ke Id cd can cii.
Cy Hung chit nam 1978, theo quy djnh
ciia Lugt Hon nhan vd gia dinh nam 1959
thi dng Trai dugc hudng 1/7 ky phan thira
kl ciia cy Hung. Phin tdi sdn dng Trdi dugc
hudng cua cy Hung la tdi sdn chung cua vg
chdng dng Trai, bd Tu. Bd Tu chit ndm
1980, cde thira kl ciia ba Tu gom dng Trdi

vd 03 ngudi con cua dng Trdi, bd Tu uong
dd cd chj Phugng. Nhu vgy, chj Phugng
dugc hudng mgt phan tdi sdn eua mp la bd
Tu, nhung dng Trdi da djnh dogt toan bg ky
phin thira kl md dng dugc hudng eua cy
Hung cho anh Diic id chua dimg.
Chj Phugng sinh nam 1953 vd cdc
duong sy xde djnh chj Phugng d tgi nhd ciia
dng, ba tir nhd dfin nay. Tir nam 1982, chj
Phugng da Id chii hg khiu tai nhd dat ndy,
cg Ngy cdn sdng nhimg d nai khac, bd
Thudng chuyen hg khdu vfi tgi day td nam
1979 nhung khdng d ddy, nen chj Phugng
da tryc tiep qudn ly, sii dyng nhd ddt Uanh
chip tu sau khi cu Ngy chfit den nay. Cde
duang sy khdc deu cd nai d dn djnh noi
khdc. Khi chia thira kfi va tdi sdn chung, Tda
dn cap so tham vd phuc thdm khdng xem xet
tao dieu kipn cho chj Phugng cd chfi d ma
budc chi Phugng phai giao lai nhd cho cdc
nguyfin dan frong dd cd phdn quyfin tai san
chj Phugng dugc hudng thira kfi cua me Id
ba Tu la chua phii hgp.
Tuy chj Phugng khdng phai thira kl
thugc hang thira ke thii nhat ciia cy Hung,
cy Ngu, nhung la chdu ndi cua hai cy va cd
nhifiu cdng siic qudn ly, da chi tien siia chua
nhd nhung Uong qud trinh gidi quyet vu an,
chj Phugng khdng yfiu cdu xem xet cdng
siic vi chi Phugng cho rang vy dn da hit

thdi hipu chia thiia kfi, khdng ddng y ud nhd


BINH L VAN KHOA

dat cho cdc thira kfi. Nhu vgy, yfiu cdu cua
chj Phugng dl nghj xac dinh quyin lgi la
Idn hgn yeu cau xem xet ve cdng siic,
nhung Tda dn c ^ so tham, phiic tham chua
xem xet cdng siic cho chj Phugng Id gidi
quyet chua tript de yeu cdu cua ducmg sy.
Vi cac lefrfin,can cii vdo khodn 3 Dieu
297, khodn 1, 2 Dilu 299 Bd lugt Td timg
Dan sy da dugc siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011;
Quyet dinh
Huy toan bg Bdn an dan sy phiic tham
so 116/2011/DS-PT ngay 10/5/2011 ciia
Tda phuc tham Tda dn nhan ddn toi cao tai
Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh vd buy todn bg
Bdn dn dan sy so thim so 3363/2009/DSST
ngdy 18/11/2009 cua Tda dn nhdn dan
Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh vfi vy dn ttanh
chap thira kfi tdi sdn giiia nguyen dan Id bd
Nguyen Thj Thudng, bd Nguyen Thi Xuan
vdi hi dan Id chj Nguyfin Thi Thuy Phugng
vd nhimg ngudi cd quyin lgi, nghTa vy lifin
quan khdc.
Giao ho sa vy dn cho Tda dn nhan dan
Thanh phd Hfi Chi Minh xet xii so thim lgi
theo quy djnh cua phdp ludt.

Npi dung dn 1$
"Cu Hung chit ndm 1978, theo quy
djnh cua Ludt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ndm
1959 thi dng Trdi dugc hu&ng 1/7 ky phdn
thica ke cua cu Hung. Phdn tdi sdn dng Trdi
dugc hu&ng cua cu Hung Id tdi sdn chung
cua vg chdng dng Trdi, bd Tu. Bd Tu chet
ndm 1980, cdc thira ki cua bd Tu gdm dng
Trdi vd 03 ngu&i con cua dng Trdi, bd Tu
trong do cd chf Phugng.
Tuy chi Phugng khdng phdi thica ke
thupc hdng thira ki thu nhdt cua cu Hung,
cu Ngu, nhung Id chdu ndi cda hai cu vd cd
nhiiu cdng sire qudn ly, dd chi tiin sua
chira nhd nhung trong qud trinh gidi quyet

HQC...

vu an, chi Phirgng khdng yeu cdu xem xet
cdng sue vi chi Phugng cho rdng vu dn da
hit th&i hieu chia thica ki, khdng ddng y trd
nhd ddt cho cdc thira ke. Nhu vgy, yeu cdu
cua chi Phugng di nghi xdc dinh quyen lgi
Id l&n han yeu cdu xem xet vi cong sue,
nhung Tda dn cdp sa thdm, phuc thdm chua
xem xet cdng sire cho chi Phugng la gidi
quyet chua triit de yeu cdu cua duang su ".
2. Binh luan
2,1, Xdc dinh di sdn thira ke, th&i
diem m& thira ke, difn dugc hu&ng di sdn

thira ki cua c^ Nguyen Vdn Himg vd ey
Le Thi ^gV
Cu Hung chit nam 1978, cy Ngy chfit
nam 1992 dfiu khdng dfi lgi di chiic. Hai cy
cd 6 ngudi con Id bd Nguyfin Th; Xe, dng
Nguyfin Chi Trdi, ba Nguyfin Thi Xuan, bd
Nguyin Thi Thudng, ba Nguyen Thi Trinh
vd dng Nguyen Chi Trai. Trong sd cdc con
hai cy cd dng Nguyfin Chi Trdi djnh cu tgi
My ttudc ngdy 01/7/1991. Ngdy 18/7/2008,
nguyen dem khdi kifin yeu cau chia di sdn
thira kfi ciia hai cy nfin Tda an cap sa thdm,
Tda an cdp phiic thdm dp dyng Bg ludt Dan
sy nam 2005, Nghj quylt sd 1037/2006/
NQ-UBTVQHll ngdy 27/7/2006 eua Uy
ban Thudng vu Qude hgi xdc djnh thdi
hieu khdi kifin chia di san thira kfi ciia cy
Hung vdn cdn, nhung ddi vdi di sdn ciia cy
Ngy thi da het thdi hipu khdi kifin chia
thira kfi la dimg^.
Trong phdn ndi dung vu an chua cd
thdng tin ve phdn di san ciia cy Ngy da hfit
^ Thdi hi?u Idioi ki$n vfi quyen thua ke la 10 nam ke
tii thoi difim m a thira kfi (Dieu 648 Bp luat Dan sy
nam 1995, Difiu 645 Bp luat Dan sy nam 2005); Bp
lu^t Dan su nam 2015 quy dinh thai hieu khai kien
vfi thiia ke doi vcri di san la dpng san la 10 nam,
nhung neu la bat dpng san thi thai hifu khdi kien la
30 nam (Dieu 623).

67


NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020
thdi hipu khdi kifin thi cac thira kfi cua cu
Ngy ed y kien nhu the ndo (vi dy nhu thdng
nhat hogc khdng thdng nhdt Id tdi sdn
chung), ldm cho phdn mo td ngi dung vy
vipc chua day dii, gidm tinh khach quan ve
vipc phdn dnh dien bifin thue te ciia vy viec.
Mac du trong phdn nhdn xet cua quyfit dinh
gidm ddc tham da nfiu ro: "Ong Trdi vd cdc
ddng thica ke cua hai cu diu thica nhdn di
sdn cda cu Ngu Id tdi sdn chung cda cdc
thira ki chua chia vd nhdt tri chia diu cho
cdc thica ki. Do dd, Tda dn cdp sa thdm,
phuc thdm cdn cic tiiu muc a diem 2.4 muc
2 phan I Nghi quyit so 02/2004/NQ-HDTP
ngdy 10/8/2004 cua Hdi ddng Thdm phdn
Tda dn nhdn ddn tdi cao hu&ng ddn dp
dgng phdp ludt trong vi^c gidi quyet cdc vu
dn ddn su, hdn nhdn vd gia dinh di chia
phdn di sdn cua cu Ngu cho cdc thira ki la
cd cdn cu". Tuy nhien, khi da Id nhdn xet
(chir khdng phdi phdn dnh lai tdm tat difin
biln sy vific) thi tinh chii quan chiia dyng
Uong phdn nhgn xet se nhieu ban, nhung
cung nhd cd dogn nhan xet nay mdi biet
them ve difin bifin su vipc.
Tda an cdc cdp ciing da xdc djnh diing

di sdn cua hai cy Id nhd ddt tai 263 Trdn
Bmh Trgng va chia cho 6 ngudi con cua hai
cy. Tuy nhifin, vific xdc djnh todn bg gid tri
nhd dit 10.655.687.000 ddng Id di sdn hai
cy vd chia cho 6 ngudi con ciia hai cy, mdi
thira ke dugc hudng ky phan cd gid trj
1.775.947.800 ddng la chua chmh xac.
Theo trinh bdy ciia cdc duang sy thi chj
Phugng (con dng Trdi) sdng tu nhd tgi nhd
dat di sdn ciia hai cu. Sau khi hai cy mat thi
chi tifip tuc qudn ly, sii dyng di sdn vd chj
cho rang minh "da sira chira nha nhifiu lan
nhu lam eua nhdm, xay tudng phdn gdc
lung, Idt ggch men san thugng, xdy tudng

68

phia sau nha". Phia nguyfin don cimg thira
nhan ldi khai cua chi Phugng nhung cho
rang chj chi siia chiia nhd.
Nhu vdy, trong khdi tdi sdnfrfincd phin
cong sue qudn Iy, sira chiia eiia chj Phugng.
Tda dn cap so tham, Tda an cap phiic tham
mac nhifin coi toan bg gia trj tdi sdn (Uong
dd cd cdng siic bao quan, chi phi siia chiia
nang cao gid trj di sdn) deu thugc di san ciia
hai cy, ddng thdi chua xem xet nhu cdu cho
d cua chj Phugng da xir huge chj ra khdi
nhd vd giao toan bg hipn vgt cho nguyen
don, frong khi nhd ddt cd thfi phan chia

dugc cho nhiing ngudi ed quyfin lgi, ed nhu
cdu vl ch6 d Id sai lam nghifim Ugng.
2,2. Ve Quyet dfnh gidm doc thdm so
39/2014/DS-GBT ngdy 09/10/2014 cua Hpi
dong thdm phdn Toa dn nhdn ddn toi cao
Tren ca sd ngi dung vy an, nhgn djnh
eua Hgi ddng thdm phdn Tda an nhan dan
tdi cao cd the nhdn thdy vipc Hgi dong
thdm phdn cho rang, phdn quyfit ciia Tda an
nhan dan cap so thdm, cdp phiic tham cd
sai lam nghifim Ugng khi xdc djnh todn bg
gia tri nhd dat Id di sdn ciia hai ey, nen
phdn quyfit da xdm phgm quyen, lgi ich
hgp phdp ciia chj Phugng Id hodn todn
dimg dan. Tuy nhifin, tdc gid cd y kiln vfi
ba ndi dung dugc de cap trong Quylt dinh
giam ddc thdm nhu sau:
a) Di sdn thira kfi chua dugc phdn chia
cho cdc thira kfi (theo thda thudn cua cdc
thira ke hay thong qua phdn quyfit ciia co
quan cd tham quyen) thi co duang nhien tr&
thdnh tdi sdn chung cua vg hogc chdng cdc
thica ke?
Tgi Quyet djnh giam doc thim sd
39/2014/DS-GDT ngdy 09/10/2014 Hgi
ddng tham phan da cho rang, di san ciia cy
Hung dii chua chia, phdn di san cua eg


BINH L VAN KHOA HQC..

Hung md dng Trai cd thfi dugc hudng mac
nhien ttd thdnh tdi sdn chung vg chdng dng
Trdi, bd Tu (vg dng Trdi) vdi nhdn dinh:
"Nhu vgy, chj Phugng dugc hu&ng mdt
phdn tdi sdn cua me la bd Tu, nhung dng
Trdi da dinh dogt todn bg ky phan thua kfi
ma ong dugc hu&ng cua cu Hung cho anh
Diic la chua diing".
Khi dua ra dudng loi ndy, Hgi ddng
tham phdn vipn dan Lugt Hdn nhan vd gia
dinh nam 1959, song khdng chi rd dya vao
quy djnh tai dieu ndo cua Lugt ndy, nhung
theo tde gid, cd le Hgi ddng thdm phdn can
cii vdo Dieu 15.
Dilu 15 Lugt Hdn nhan vd gia dinh nam
1959 quy djnh: "Vg va chong dfiu ed quyfin
sd huu, hudng thy va sir dyng ngang nhau
doi vdi tdi san cd trudc va sau khi cudi".
Mgc du Luat Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh nam
1959 quy djnh chi cd mgt chfi do tdi san, dd
la tai sdn chung ciia vg chdng, khdng cd che
dg tai sdn rifing cua vg hay chdng, ciing
khdng cd nhifiu che dg tdi san (tdi sdn
chung, tdi san rieng, tdi sdn theo thda thugn)
nhu Ludt Hdn nhdn va Gia dinh nam 2014.
Mgi tdi san eiia vg hay chdng cd trudc hay
sau khi cudi diu la tai san chung, nhung can
phdi thay Luat Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh nam
1959 da quy djnh tdi sdn dugc coi Id tdi sdn

chung thi nd phdi thda man yfiu td "co"
tru&c vd sau khi cudi. Yeu td "cd" dugc
hifiu la da thugc quyen sd hiiu, quyfin sii
dyng ddt... cua mdt hay cd hai bfin vg vd
chdng. Luat khdng quy djnh vfi trudng hgp
tai sdn cd thfi cd (ciia vg hay chong- mdi d
dang khd nang) cung Id tai sdn chung vg
chong. Ndi khac di, lugt khdng quy dinh tdi
sdn cd the cd frong tuong lai Id tdi san
chung cua vg chdng, md chi xdc dinh tai sdn
dd la tdi sdn chung ciia vg chdng khi tai san

dd da "hipn huu" thugc quyen ldm chii (thfi
hifin quyfin nang ciia chu sd huu) ciia vg
hay chdng thi mdi thude tdi sdn chung-'.
Trong quan he thua ke thi khdc, khi mgt
quan he thira ke md ra, nhimg ngudi ttong
difin thira kfi mdi chi ed "cdi" dugc ggi Id:
"Quyen hudng di sdn thua kfi" ddi vdi di
sdn, hay mdt phdn di sdn. Cd quyfin hudng
di sdn thiia kfi thi ngudi thira ke mdi chi cd
khd nang Ud thdnh chu sd huu tdi sdn thugc
di san dd. Ngudi cd quyfin hudng di sdn
thira ke chua ed quyen sd huu ngay tai sdn
thugc di sdn hay sd huu mgt phdn tdi sdn
thugc di sdn. Mudn Ud thdnh ehii sd hiru tdi
sdn thugc di sdn hay mgt phan tai san thugc
di sdn can phdi thda man mgt so yeu to, dd
la ngudi thiia kfi khdng bi tnidt quyen
hudng di sdn, cdc ngudi thua kfi khdng cd

Uanh chap va cimg nhau xdc djnh sd hiru
chung ddi vdi tdi sdn thugc di sdn hogc ty
phan chia di san... Chi tu thdi diem cdc thira
kl thda thudn di san la tdi san chung hogc
viec phan chia di sdn cho moi thira ke da
thyc hien xong thi di sdn dd hay mgt phan
di san dd mdi thugc sd hiiu cua cdc thira ke
hay cua mdi thira ke. Khoi tdi sdn dd dugc
chuyin tu quan he phdp Iuat thira kfi thanh
quan he phdp ludt sd hihi (dd la xet dudi
gdc do bdn chat, cdn ddi vdi nhung tdi sdn
phdi dang ky nhu quyfin su dyng dat, quyfin
sd hiiu nhd, dat..., chi khi iNha nudc cap
} Tu hien huu va lam chii ma tac gia dung se dupe
hieu mpt each tuong doi, phan anh tinh thyc te. Vi
du, mpt ngudi gay thiet hai ve tai san cila mpt c$p vp
chong, tiic lam mat di mpt luong tai san ciia hp, dii
tai thdi diem ngudi vp (hay chong) chfit van chua
dupe ngudi gay thiet hai boi thudng, chi sau khi mpt
ben vp hay chong chet ngudi gay thi?t hai mdi boi
thudng thi phan boi thudng do vin la tai san chung
vp chong - do vific boi thudng chi la "khoi phuc" lai
cai vp chong da co, nfin van thupc mpt phan di san
cua ben da chet.

M


NHA NUdc VA PHAPLVATSd 7/2020
giay chiing nhan quyen sir dyng ddt, quyfin

sd hiru cho tdi sdn dd thi tir thdi difim dd
quyen sd huu mdi dugc xdc lap Ugn vpn).
Trudng hgp cd tranh chdp vd cdn thai hieu
thira kfi thi chi khi phan quyet phan chia di
san cd hipu lye, cac tai san cua khdi di sdn
dd mdi thugc quyfin sd hiiu cua cdc thua kfi
theo phdn quyfit. Trudng hgp hfit thdi hieu
khdi kipn mdi yeu cdu chia thua ke vd thdi
diem Bg lugt Dan sy nam 2005 cdn hieu luc
thi cac thua ke ciing khdng duang nhifin
dugc hudng di san; hogc thdi difim Bg luat
Dan sy nam 2015 cd hipu lyc md ngudi
dang chiem hiiu di sdn dfi ngh) ca quan tdi
phdn xem xet ve thdi hipu thi ngudi cd
quyfin hudng di sdn thua kfi ma khdng quan
ly di sdn d thdi difim hfit thdi hieu khdi kifin
ciing se khdng bao gid Ud thdnh chii sd huu
ddi vdi tai sdn thugc di san hay mgt phan di
san thira ke do.
Binh lugn ndi ttfin eho phep nit ra rang,
thdi difim Bfi lugt Dan sy nam 2005 ttd vfi
trudc tir thdi difim md thira kfi, quan he
phdp ludt thiia kfi xudt hipn, khdi tai san do
ngudi chet de Igi ud thdnh di sdn ciia ngudi
chfit de lgi (dugc ggi Id di sdn thira kfi, thugc
quan he phap luat thira ke), chii khdng
ducmg nhifin frd thanh sd huu cua nhiing
ngudi thira kfi hay ciia ngucri dang chiem
hiru thye te di sdn"*.
Tuy nhien, vdi ngi dung dugc neu ra

Uong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham thi tir thdi
difim md thira kfi mdt phan di sdn ciia cy
Hung da Id tdi sdn cua dng Trdi, thugc
•* Trudc thdi diem Bp luat Dan su nam 2015 co hieu
lyc, khong it ngudi cho rang, khi het thdi hieu khdi
kien thi di san thupc sd hihi ciia cac thiia kfi hoae ciia
ngudi dang chiem hiiu di san. Trong so nhimg ngudi
CO y kien nhu tac gia vira neu da viet, dang trfin tap
chi. Ban dpc cd the tham khao bai viet tai Tap chi
Toa an s6 9 nam 2003, tr. 20.

70

quyen sd hiru ciia vg chdng dng Trdi urcmg
ling vdi ky phan dng Trdi dugc hudng. Neu
khdng xdc djnh ±di dilm hmh thdnh tdi sdn
chung vg chong (tuang Omg vdi ky phdn ciia
dng Trai) td khi md thira kl thi xdc djnh
thdi difim hinh thdnh tdi sdn chung vg chdng
vdo thdi difim nao? Se khdng cd lya chgn
khde ngodi thdi dilm md thua kfi va nfiu
khdng thugc quyfin sd hiiu cua dng Trdi
(cung vdi vg dng, nhu ttong Quyet djnh) thi
tai sao ttong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham lgi
vifit: "Phin tai sdn dng Trdi dugc hu&ng
cua cy Hung Id tdi sdn chung ciia vg chong
dng Trdi, bd Tu. Ba Tu ehit nam 1980".
Nhu vay, ba Tu (vg dng Trdi) chfit trudc khi
chia di sdn thua kfi do cy Hung dfi Igi,
nhung nghifim nhifin bd Tu da cd quyen sd

hiiu chung doi vdi phdn di sdn md dng Trdi
(se dugc huomg) dii den nay van chua phan
chia xong?
Tac gia cho rang, trudc thdi difim phdn
quyet eiia ca quan cd tham quyin dugc ban
hanh va cd hipu lyc thi chinh cac thua ke
cung ehua biet ehinh xac minh dugc sd hihi
tdi sdn, phan tdi sdn cg the ndo. Do do, ngi
dung ndy duge cdng nhgn Id dn Ip se phdt
sinh rat nhifiu he luy, ldm rdi logn mgt so
nguyfin ly trong dan sy tir quyin ty djnh
dogt cua ngudi hudng di san thira kfi, ve
thdi hieu thira ke, vfi quyen khoi kipn yeu
cdu chia thira kfi ciia nhiing ngudi con ddu,
con rfi ddi vdi phan di san cua bd mp vg, bo
me chdng, vfi thira ke the vi, ve xac djnh
quan he phap Iuat Uanh chap (tac gid se ldm
rd ban ngi dung nay d phdn binh ludn ngi
dung an lfi).
b) Quylt djnh gidm ddc thdm da cho
ring: "Chj Phugng khdng yeu cdu xem xet
cdng siic vi chi Phugng cho rdng vu dn dd
hit th&i hi?u chia thica ki, khdng ddng y trd
nhd ddt cho cdc thira ke"


BINH L i 'A\ KHOA HQC...

Neu trong hd so cd dii can cii kfit ludn
Id: "Chj Phugng khong yeu cdu xem xet

cdng siic", thi dii vipc "chi Phugng khdng
yeu edu xem xfit cdng sire" bat kfi vi Iy do gi
(vi gia trj it nfin khdng yfiu cau, hogc gid tri
nhieu nhung khong mudn lay, tir bd quyen
lgi, da ndi rd khdng yeu cau...). Day Id
quyen ty djnh dogt cua ducmg sy duge quy
djnh tgi Difiu 5 cua Bg ludt Td tung Dan sy
nam 2004, Bg ludt Td tyng Dan sy nam
2015 vd Dilu 7 Bd lugt Dan sy nam 1995,
Dilu 4 Bg lugt Dan sy nam 2005, Difiu 3,
Dilu 9 Bg ludt Dan sy nam 2015. Do dd,
vipc tda dn cap so tham, phiic tham khong
xem xet, gidi quyet cdng siic cua chi
Phugng la diing.
Tuy nhien, vdi Iy gidi sau tir "vi..."
Uong Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham cd le phdi
gidi thich vipc sd dung cym tir "chj Phugng
khdng yeu cau xem xet cdng siic" la khdng
chlnh xdc so vdi dien bien thyc tl cua vy
vipc, dugc thfi hipn frong cdc tdi lipu chiing
cii da thu thgp Uong hd so vy ttanh chap.
Tgi phdn ngi dung vy dn khdng thdy the
hipn chj Phugng tu bd quyen lgi ndy, nen
tdc gid cho rang, khdng phdi Id "chj
Phugng khong yiu cdu xem xfit cdng
siic..." ma do hifiu bifit phdp Iuat cdn hgn
chl, chj chua trinh bay day du, rd rdng ve
cac van de, nhung tda dn hai cap khdng
hdi, khdng ldm rd chj Phugng cd yeu cau
gidi quylt hay khdng vd yfiu edu ve van de

ndy nhu thi ndo.
Viec tda an chua hdi, duong sy (chi
Phugng) chua trinh bdy, hay ndi ngan ggn
Id tda dn chira lam ro chj Phugng tir bd
quyfin lgi hay cd yfiu cau gidi quyet hogc
chua yeu cau gidi quyfit (vfi cdng siic) thi
khdng dugc cho rang "chj Phugng khong
yeu cau xem xet cdng siic".

Theo quy dinh ciia Bd ludt Td tyng Dan
sy nam 2004 (sua ddi, bd sung nam 2011)
vd Bg lugt Td tung Dan su nam 2015, thdm
phan phdi lay ldi khai ciia duang sy khi bdn
khai chua ddy du, ro rdng^; phdi yfiu ciu
duang sy eung cap tai lieu chiing cii; thdm
phdn cd the tifin hdnh mdt sd bipn phdp de
thu thgp tai lipu, chiing eii^...
Ve td tyng tai phifin tda, ca hai BO luat
Td tyng Dan sy ciing cd quy djnh ddnh cho
Hdi ddng xet xu ldm rd nhung vdn de ho so
chua rd, cdc ben trinh bdy chua rd rdng.
Ben egnh dd, tham phan cd trdch nhi^m
hudng ddn, giai thich phap luat (Uong vy
an nay trudc tifin Id Bfi lugt Td tyng Ddn
sy, Bg luat Ddn sy) cho ducmg sy bifit dfi
hg thyc hipn quyen, nghTa vy do Bg lugt
quy djnh. Cd thfi do chi Phugng chua hieu
rd quy dinh eiia Bg lugt Dan sy, Bg lugt Td
tyng Dan sy, nfin chua trinh bay hfit, chua
nfiu rd nhung van dfi lifin quan dfin lgi ich

ciia minh can dugc tda an giai quyet, md
chi tap trung vdo van dfi thdi hipu; trong
khi thdm phdn, Hdi ddng xet xu so thdm,
Hgi ddng xet xii phiic thdm ehua lam tdt
vai ttd ciia minh theo quy djnh tgi cdc Bd
ludt, dan dfin hd sa chua dii tai lieu, chiing
cii dfi dua ra phdn quyfit phu hgp.
Cd thfi khang djnh sai sdt ndi tten Id sai
lam nghifim ttgng vfi td tyng, vfi luat ndi
dung Id CO sd cho khang nghi vd xet xtr
giam ddc tham (vfi khia canh vi pham td
tung), cdn ca sd cho viec khdng nghi, xet xii
vfi ndi dung chinh la cdng siic qudn ly, chi
phi siia chiia... ciia chi Phugng. Quyfin lgi
* Dieu 86 Bp luat To tung Dan sy nam 2004 (siia doi,
bo sung nam 2011); Dieu 98 Bp Iuat To tyng Dan sy
nam 2015.
* Difiu 85, Difiu 173 Bp luat To tyng Dan sy nam
2004 (sua doi, bo sung nam 2011); Dieu 97, Difiu
198 Bp Iuat T6 tyng Dan sy nam 2015.

71


NHA NUdc VA PHAP LVATSd 7/2020
nay ciia chi Phugng chua dugc tda thu thap
tdi lipu, chiing cir xem xet, gidi quyfit.
Nhu vgy, le ra frong Quyfit dinh khdng
nghi va Quyfit djnh gidm ddc thim it nhat
phdi chi rd hai can cii ndi tren thi sfi phu

hgp vdi thyc tfi vd quy djnh cua phap ludt.
c) Theo Quyfit djnh gidm ddc tham thi:
"...Chj Phugng cho rang vy dn da hit th&i
hipi chia thira kfi, khdng ddng y trd nhd ddt
cho cac thira kfi. Nhu vay, yfiu cau cua chi
Phugng di nghj xdc dinh quyin lgi Id l&n
hgn yeu cdu xem xet ve cdng sue, nhung
Tda dn cap so tham, phiic thdm chua xem
xfit cdng siic cho chj Phugng Id gidi quyfit
chua tript dfi yfiu cau cua ducmg sy".
Theo tdc gid, cdch tifip can ndy ciia
Quylt djnh gidm ddc tham Id chua hgp ly,
nfiu khdng mudn ndi Id khifin cudng khi d
phdn ddu eiia dn Ip cho rang: "Quy dinh cua
phdp lu^t Uen quan den dn I^: Khodn 1
Diiu 5 vd Diiu 218 cua Bg ludt Td tung
Ddn su ndm 2004".
Co sd eho kfit ludn Ufin:
Mgt la, vfi vin dfi ty djnh dogt tdc gid da
binh ludn d difim b tifiu myc 2.2.
Chi Phugng khdng phdi nguyen dan
nfin tdc gia khdng binh ludn ve phgm vi khdi
kipn. Vdn dl hit thdi hipu ma chj Phugng
nfiu ra khdng phdi thugc ndi hdm ciia khdi
niem phdn td md chi Id phdn ddi yfiu cau
khdi kipn chia thira kfi, khdng mudn vu kifin
chia thira kl difin ra, nen ciing khdng lifin
quan dfin pham vi khdi kifin; do dd, khdng
lifin quan dfin Dilu 218 Bg luat Td tyng Dan
su nam 2004 (sira ddi, bd sung nam 2011).

Hai Id, d thdi difim khdi kifin va gidi
quyfit tranh chap thi Bg Iuat Dan sy nam
2005, Bd ludt Td tiing Ddn sy nam 2004
(siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011) dang cd hipu
lyc. Trong hai Bg lugt ndy khdng quy djnh

72

khi hfit thdi hipu khdi kipn vl thua ke thi di
sdn thugc vl ai (khdc vdi quy djnh tgi Dieu
623 Bg lugt dan sy nam 2015), \a ciing
chua cd quy djnh ca quan giai quyfit tranh
chip chi xem xfit thdi hipu khi cd yfiu ciu
nhu quy djnh tai khodn 2 Dilu 149 Bg lugt
Dan sy nam 2015. Vi vgy, du cd hit thdi
hifiu khdi kipn vl thiia kl, theo quy dinh
cua Bg ludt Dan sy 2005, chj Phugng ciing
khong cd quyfin Igi gi doi vdi khdi di san
khi het thdi hipu, tni edng siic bdo qudn,
duy tti vd chi phi siia chiia, tdn tgo... di
sdn (tae gid se lam ro thfim nOi dung dudi
ddy), nen khdng hinh thdnh moi tuang
quan vfi quyfin Igi tdi sdn - dd Id so lugng
tdi sdn "hay gid trj tdi sdn" chj se dugc hay
se mat khi hfit thdi hipu de so sdnh Id "Idn"
hay "nhd".
Theo quy djnh cua Bg Iuat Dan sy
(nam 1995, nam 2005, nam 2015), doi vdi
cong siic bdo qudn di sdn, ehi phi sira
chiia... cua chj Phugng, vipc cdn thdi hi^u

hay hfit thdi hipu khdi kipn chia thira kfi md
chj Phugng yfiu cau tda dn xem xet vfi cong
siic bdo qudn di sdn, chi phi sua chiia... thi
tda dn deu phdi xem xet. Dii thdi hifiu khdi
kipn chia thira kfi da het thi cdng sire bdo
qudn, chi phi sira chira... ciing khdng bj hit
thdi hipu, tda an khdng xem xfit, giai quylt
khi cd yeu cau Id sai, vi phgm quyin dan
sy, quyfin td tyng dan sy ciia duong sy
dugc quy djnh trong Bg Iuat Ddn sy, Bg
lugt Td tyng Ddn sy. Trudng hgp chj
Phugng tir bd quyfin Igi, khdng yfiu ciu
gidi quyfit ve cdng sire bdo qudn di sdn, chi
phi siia chira... thi Tda khdng xem xet
[Difiu 5 Bd ludt Td tyng Dan sy nam 2004
(siia ddi, bd sung nam 2011)].
Tir cdc phdn tich, binh lugn ndi ttfin ed
thfi thdy, khdng hmh thanh mdi quan hp


BiNHLVANKHOA HQC...

"Idn" vd "nhd" ve quyen Igi khi chj Phugng
dua ra vin de hit thdi hipu nhu Quyet dinh
gidm ddc ±am nfiu ra va nay dugc chgn la
dnlp.
Ba Id, theo quy djnh cua Bg Iuat Dan sy
ndm 2005 vd Bg lugt To tyng Dan sy nam
2004 (sira ddi, bo sung nam 2011), dii hfit
thdi hipu yfiu ciu chia thua ke md tit cd cdc

thira kfi khfing cd Uanh chip vfi thua kfi,
Cling nhau thong nhat vd khdi kifin ddi tdi
sdn do ngudi khdng thugc dien duge huong
di sdn thiia ke (chj Phugng thugc truong
hgp ndy - chj khdng phdi thugc hdng thiia
kl thii nhat - khdng duge hudng thiia kfi)
dang chiem hiiu, qudn Iy thi tda an phdi thy
\Ud di sdn cho ede thua kl (ngudi khdi kipn),
nlu ngudi dang chiem hihi khdng cd cdng
siie bdo qudn, siia chua... di sdn. Trudng
hgp ngudi dang chiem hiru, quan Iy cd cdng
siic... va ed yeu eau thi tda dn giai quyet
quyin Igi nay, phan cdn lgi thugc di sdn thi
ngudi dang chilm hiiu, qudn Iy di sdn (chi
Phugng) vdn phdi trd lai cac thiia kl. Nfiu
cdc thiia ke thfing nhit di sdn la tdi sdn
chung ciia cdc thiia kfi va kipn ddi ngudi
dang chifim hiiu, qudn ly di sdn Ud lgi thi
ngudi nay ciing phdi trd lgi tai san dd... Nfiu
cdc thira kl vira kipn ddi tdi sdn vira yeu cau
chia tai sdn chung thi tda dn chia tdi sdn
chung theo thda thugn vd quy djnh ciia Bg
lugt Dan sy vfi sd hiiu chung^.
Nhu vay, chi ddi net phae hga ciing du
de nhgn thay cdch tifip egn chua chinh xac
ciia Quyet djnh gidm doc tham.
Tdc gid dong y Id bdn dn so thim, bdn
an phuc thim cd sai lim nghiem Ugng (vl
^ C6 thfi tham khao cac bai trong cuon 'Thdi hieu,

thiia ke \k thyc tiln xet xu" ciia tac gia Tudng Duy
Lupng do Nxb. Tuphap anhanhth^g 9/2017.

td tyng va Iuat ndi dung nhu phan tich d
Uen). Do dd, vipc khang nghi, xfit xii giam
ddc tham dfi buy ca hai ban an, giao vfi cho
cap sa thdm xet xu lai la hoan toan can
thifit, tac gia chi cd quan diem khdc vfi cdch
tilp can cua khdng nghi va Quyfit djnh giam
ddc tham. Bdi le cdch tifip egn dd vua
khdng phu hgp vdi quy djnh cua phdp ludt
thyc djnh vira khdng phii hgp vfi ly lugn.
2.3. Ve npi dung dn If
An Ip chiia dyng hai ngi dung:
- Ngi dung thii nhat: Yeu cdu cua chf
Phugng di nghi xdc dinh quyen lgi la l&n
horn yeu cdu xem xet vi cdng sue, nhung
Tda dn cdp sa thdm, phuc thdm chua xem
xet cdng sire cho chf Phugng Id gidi quyet
chua triet de yeu cdu cua ducmg su (dd
phdn tich tgi diem c tieu muc 2.2).
- Ngi dung thii hai: "...Phdn tdi sdn dng
Trdi dugc hu&ng cua cu Hung Id tdi san
chung cua vg chdng dng Trdi, bd Tu... "
Di sdn cua cu Hung chua chia, phan di
sdn cua cu Hung ma dng Trai cd the dugc
hudng cd duang nhien Ud thdnh tdi sdn
chung vg chdng dng Trdi, bd Tu (vg dng
Trai) khdng vd thdi difim hinh thdnh tdi san
chung ndy?

Tgi dilm a tifiu myc 2 tac gid da budc
ddu phan tich ve ngi dung thir hai eiia an le,
d phdn nay tac gid se lam rd hem cae lugn
difim da neu d trfin.
Khi xac djnh mdt di sdn chua chia da
thugc tdi san chung cua vg chdng sfi phai
xac djnh tir thdi difim md thira ke thi phan
di sdn (tuang ling vdi ky phdn dng Trai
dugc hudng thua kfi) da thugc quyen sd hiiu
cua dng Trdi, ddng thdi eiing dugc coi Id tai
san chung cua vg chdng dng Trai ba Tu.
Nhu vdy, thay vi id quan he thiia kfi nhu Iuat
quy djnh, vdi ngi dung nay eua an le thi tu

73


NHANUdC VAPHApLVATSd 7/2020

thdi diem md thira kfi khdi di san mac nhifin
chuyfin thanh quan he sd huu cua cac thira
kfi (neu khdng phdi vay thi sao xdc dinh
dugc tdi sdn chung ciia dng Trai, bd Tu nhu
an Ip?). Vdi ndi dung nay ciia dn lfi thi quan
he thira ke da bj triet tifiu ngay khi md thiia
kl, quy djnh vfi thdi hifiu thiia kl (Dilu 645
frong Bfi lugt Ddn sy nam 2005 vd Dilu 623
Bd ludt Dan sy nam 2015) khdng cdn y
nghTa, nhu vdy, vfi logic, cdn bd quy djnh ve
thdi hifiu thua kfi.

Mac dli bd Tu (vg dng Trai) da chit,
nhung theo ndi dung an lfi phdi gidi thich Id
ba Tu duong nhien dugc hudng mgt phin di
san cua cy Hung thdng qua quyfin hudng di
sdn cua dng Trdi (do chuyen sang sd hiiu
chung). Tii quy ngp ndy, logic tiep theo du
dng Trdi tii chdi huong di sdn cua cy Hung
thi ba Tu khdng mdt quyen dugc huong 14
(ky phan) tuong ling vdi ky phdn di san ma
ong Trdi cd the dugc hudng (dng Trdi mit
Va quyfin ty dinh dogt vfi hudng di sdn).
Trudng hgp dng Trdi chet trudc eg Himg
hogc chet cimg mdt thdi difim cy Hung chfit
vd bd Tu cdn sdng, thi con dng Trdi ciing
chi dugc hudng '/i ciia 1 ky phdn thira kfi
(thiia kfi thfi vj), cdn '/a thugc quyfin sd hihi
ciia ba Tu. Ndi khae di, ky phdn thua kfi ciia
dng Trdi da ttd thdnh tdi sdn chung vg
chdng, nfin dng chi cd Vi ky phan dd - ndi
theo an lfi la 14 tai sdn chung dd.
Gid thifit dng Trdi khdng cd con, dng
Trdi chet trudc hogc sau cy Hung thi bd Tu
cd quyen khdi kifin yeu edu chia khdi tai sdn
do cu Hung de Igi va ba duge nhdn todn bg
phan tai sdn tuang ling vdi ky phan cua dng
Trai cd dugc Uong quan he thira kfi (bd Tu,
ngudi khdng cd quan hp buyfit thdng, nudi
dudng, chi la quan he con ddu cua cy Hxmg,

74

nhung cd quyfin khoi ki^n chia tdi sdn md
cy Hung dfi lgi - do theo an lfi da mgc nhien
di san dugc chuyfin thanh tdi san chung vg
chdng tii thdi diem md thua kfi).
Khi da xdc dinh quyin hudng di sdn
chuyin thdnh quyfin sd hihi chung vg chdng
theo Dilu 15 Luat Hdn nhan vd Gia dinh
nam 1959 thi se xuit hipn cd trudng hgp dd
vipc kit hdn ciia ngudi thira kfi difin ra sau
thai diem ngudi dfi Igi di sdn thiia kl chit
thi ngudi vg hay chdng mdi ket hon (nlu
Luat Hdn nhdn vd Gia dinh nam 1959 cdn
hifiu lyc) vdi con cua ngudi dfi lai di sdn
Cling se dugc huong mgt phdn tdi sdn Id di
sdn, do ky phan thiia ke ma nguoi con ndy
dugc hudng chuyfin thanh tai sdn chung vg
chdng. Bdi le, Dieu 15 Lugt Hdn nhan vd
Gia dinh nam 1959 quy djnh tdi sdn cd
trudc, Uong, sau khi kit hdn deu la tdi san
chung vg chong.
Vdi cdc binh lugn Ufin, cd thi thay
nguon cua dn Ip chiia dyng sai ldm, nhung
don vi tham muu chua phdt hifin sy khdng
hgp ly va Hgi ddng Thdm phan chua thiy
bet nhiing hp lyy vfi ly thuyit vd thyc tifin
nfin da lya chgn ngi dung nay Uong Quylt
dinh gidm ddc tham la dn Ip.
Nfiu an lfi sd 05 dugc duy tri, thi cd
nguy ca Id ngudi vg hay chdng, ludt su bao

v% quyen lgi cho nhung duang sy ndy hoan
todn cd the dp dung dn le dfi yeu cau (nlu
da cd ehu the khdc khdi kipn) hoae ehu
dgng khdi kien chia di san cua bfi, me bfin
vg hay chdng dfi yfiu ciu hudng Vi. ciia mgt
ky phin thua kfi (tuong ling vdi suit thiia
ke) md ngudi vg hay chdng minh se dugc
hudng; cdc tda an thu ly, gidi quyfit vd dp
dyng dn lfi ndy khi ra phan quyfit se Id dilu
rdt dang suy nghi.