Nghiên cứu mức độ tuân thủ các quy định về kiểm soát nguồn gốc gỗ hợp pháp đến sự phát triển của các làng nghề gỗ ở tỉnh bắc ninh

Nghien culi mu'c do
tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat
nguon goc go hcfp phap

den su" phat trien cua cac
lang nghe go of tmh Bac Ninh
HOANG THI HAO*

Tom tat
Bai vii't ddnh gid mffc do tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve kiem sodt nguon go'c gd hgp phdp vd tdc ddng
cda no din sUphdt triin cua cdc ldng nghi go tgi tinh Bdc Ninh. Kit qud nghiin cffu cho thd'y,
CO 4 nhdn to', gdm: Tudn thd phdp lugt cd bdng chffng xdc minh su tudn thu; Tudn thu cdc quy
dinh ve van chuyin budn bdn gd; Tudn thu cdc quy dinh ve chi biin gd; Tudn thu cdc quy dinh
ve thui diu cd tuang quan cdng chieu vdi chd't lugng phdt trien ldng nghe gd d tinh Bdc Ninh.
Tlf khda: tudn thu phdp ludt. ludn thd van chuyen budn bdn. ludn thu chibie'n gd, ludn thd thui
Summary
The paper assesses the compliance with regulations on controlling legal timber sources and
its impact on the development of woodcraft villages in Bac Ninh province. The result identifies
four factors positively correlated with the development quality of woodcraft villages in Bac
Ninh province, which are Compliance with the law with evidence of compliance; Compliance
with regulations on timber transportation and trade; Compliance with regulations on wood
processing; Compliance with tax regulations.
Keywords: compliance with the law. compliance with transportation, compliance with wood
processing, tax compliance
thi trffdng ben ngoai... Dac biet la trffdc bdi canh vl thffc
thi ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap giffa Viet Nam va EU da anh
Nhflng nam qua, cac lang nghe gd tren htfdng trffe tie'p de'n phat trien san xua'l, kinh doanh eua
dia^ban tinh Bac Ninh khdng nhffng gdp lang nghi, do la va'n dl can dffdc sff quan tam cua cap
phan ra't ldn trong viec giai quye't viec uy, chinh quyen va nhan dan trong Tinh, eung nhff trdn
lam, nang cao thu nhap cho ngtfdi lao dia ban cac lang nghe. Vi vay, viec nghien cffu nham
flSng, thu hep khoang each giau ngheo, danh gia mffc dp tuan ihu cac quy dinh ve kidm soal

ma con gdp phan giai quyet eae va'n de nguon gdc gd hdp phap de'n stf phat irien cua cac lang
xa hpi d khu vffe ndng thdn, thuc day ngbl gd d tinh B^c Nirffi la viec lam can thie't.
tang trffdng kinh te' va bao tdn gia di van
hoa truyen thd'ng cua dan tdc. Ben canh
PHaONG PHAP NGHIEN CU'U
nhifng mat tich cffe, lang nghd gd tinh Bac
Ninh, cQng nhff nhieu lang nghe khac
Khi danh gia mffc dd tuan thii cac quy dinh ve
dang dffng bifdc khdng it khd khan, thach kiem soal nguon gd'e gd hdp phap tai tinh BSe Ninh,
thii'c trong vide duy tn phat tridn san xua't, nghien cffu sff dung so'Ueu dieu tra 200 hg gia dinh va
nhff: ngudn vd'n ban hep; edng nghe, thiet cdng ly tai 3 lang nghe gd (Phii Khe, Dong Ky, Hffdng
hi lac hau; kha nang td chffe quan ly cdn Mac) tinh Bac Ninh trong thdi gian tff thang 06/2018
han chg"; tnnh dp tay nghe cua ngffdi lao de'n thang 09/2018. Sau dd, dff lieu dffdc dffa vao phan
dong chffa eao; nguyen lieu dau vao ngay mem SPSS 22.0 de phan lich.
cang khan hie'm; sif canh tranh gay gSt tff
Cac thang do dffdc md ta idiff Bang 1,
GIOI THIEU

TS., TrLfdng Dai hpc Lam nghiep
Ngdy nhdn bdi: 03/03/2019; Ngdy phdn biin: 20/04/2019; Ngdy duyet ddng: 25/04/2019

145


BANG 1: THANG DO DAMH GIA MAC DO TOAN THO cAC QUY DINH
VE KIEM S O A T N G G 6 N GOC G 6 HCiP PHAP TAI TINH BAC NINH
STT

3

Thang do
Tuan thu phap luat cd bang chiJng xac minh sif
man ihu (TTPL)
Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve van chuyen buon ban
gg (TTVCBB)
Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve che bien 20 (TTCBG)

4

Tuan ihu cac quy dinh ve thue (TTTHUE)

5

Danh gia chung ve mile do tuan thu cac quy dinh
SATl, SATZ, SAT3, SAT4
vl kiem soat nguon goc go hdp phdp (SAT)

I
2

BilTn M c biftig
TTPLI,TrPL2,TTPL3,
TTPL4, TTPL5
TTVCBB 1,TTVCEB2,
VCBB3. VCBB4
TTCBGI. TTCBG2. TTCBG3
TTTHUE I.TTTHUEZ,
TTTHUE3

BANG 2: KET QUA KIEM DINH DO TIN CAY CGA THANG DO

Cronbach's BifTn bi
Bi^Q dac triAig
loai bo
Alpha
0,924
Khong
TTPLl. TTPL2. r r P L 3 . TTPL4. TTPLS
TTPL

STT Thang do
I
2

TTVCBB

3

TTCBG

4

TTTHUE

5

SAT

Khong
Khong

TTVCBBl. TTVCBB2. VCBB3. VCBB4
TTCBGI, TTCBG2. TTCBG3

0.848
0.863

TTTHUEI,TTTHUE2,TTTHUE3

0,859

Khong

SATI. SAT2, SAT3, SAT4

0.767

Khong

BANG 3: KIEM DINH KMO VA BARTLETT'S TEST
KMO and Bartlett's Test
0.800

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy.
Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square

1955.335

df
Sig.

0,768
192,666

136

6

0,000

0,000

1. Tinh toan cua nhom i.
BANG 4: KET QUA DAMH GIA S(S HOI TQ CUA CAC NHAN TO
Thang do dflc l^p

Thang do
Tong phu'dng sai trich
Eigen vales

'Thang do phn thuQc

72,877

58,976

2,233 (4)

2,359(1)

•^a„T

KET QUA NGHIEN ClfU VA THAO LUAN
Kiim dmh dd tin cgy cua thang do
Cic thang do deu dUdc danh gia^thdng qua he so' tin
cay Cronbach's .AJpha. Kel qua kiem dinh Cronbach's
Alpha dffdc the hien qua (Bang 2).
Kel qua Bang 2 cho thay, tri so' Cronbach's Alpha
tong the cua cac tbang do TTPL, TTVCBB, TTCBG,
TTTHUE va SAT deu ldn hdn 0,7. He so' tffdng quan
bie'n-tong cua cac bie'n quan sal trong thang do deu dat
mffc cao tren 0,5, do dd, cac bie'n nay deu the hi?n sff
lidn he vdi long the thang do ma cac bie'n bieu dien.
Phdn tich nhdn to'khdm phd (EFA)
Ke'l qua kiem dinh tinh thich hdp cua EFA bang
phffdng phap kiem dinh KMO (Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin)
du'dc neu d (Bang 3) cho tha'y, he so KMO dat mffc kha
cao la 0,8 dd'i vdi bien ddc lap va 0,768 ddi vdi bid'n phu
thupc. Do dd, thda man dieu kien 0,5
146

phan U'ch EFA la diich hdp cho bang dff
lieu tone the.
* Kiem dinh Bartlett's Test xem xel gia
thuye't HO do tffdng quan giffa cac bien
so' bang 0. Bdng 3 cho thay, gia tri ki|m
dinh Sig.= 0,000 < 0,005. Do vay, kiem
dinh Bartlett's Test cd y nghia thd'ng ke
vk cac bie'n cd y nghTa vdi nhau trong
long the', do do cac ket luan tff phan tich

nhan td' dam bao dffdc do tin cay. ^
Kiem dinh mffc do giai thich cua cac
bie'n quan sat dd'i vdi nhan td' dffdc the
Men qua (Bang 4). Theo dd,^chi tieu gii
tri long phi/dng sai trich cua thang do
ddc lap la 72,877% cho tha'y, cac nhan td'
dffdc dffa ra rtf phan tich cd die giai thich
di/dc 72,877% sff bie'n thien cua dff lieu
khao sat ban dau, day la ty le kha. Tff cac
phan tich tren cd thd' kel luan rSng, phan
lich EFA la phu hdp vdi dff lieu td'ng the.
Kel qua Bang 4 cung cho thay, he so'
Eigenvalues the hien s\i hdi lu cua cac
nhan td' cho thay, tai nhan to' thff 4, gia
tri nay cao hdn 1 mffc gan nha't, vdi gia
Iri 2,233 do dd cac bie'n quan sat ban dau
cd sff hoi lu ve 4 nhan to'. Tff do, co the
xac dinh du'dc 4 nhSn Id' difa vao phan
tich EFA.
Ke't qua Bang 5 cho thay, 17 bie'n
quan sat deu cd he sd'tai nhan to'(Factor
oading) ldn hdn 0,7. Nhu' vay, 4 nhan to'
dai didn cho cac nhan Id' anh hffdng de'n
phat trie'n lang nghe gd d tinh Bac Ninh
bao gom:
Nhan to' 1 (Component 1) bao gom
cac bie'n TTPLl, TTPL2. TTPL3.
TTPL4, TTPL5 dat ten cho nhan to' nay
la Fl (Tuan thu phap luat cd bang chffng
xac minh sif luan thu).

Nhan td'2 (Component 2) bao gom cac
bien TTVCBB 1, TTVCBB2, TTVCBB3,
TTVCBB4 dat ten cho cac nhan td' nay la
F2 (Tuan thu cac quy dinh ve van chuyen
va budn ban gd).
Nhan to' 3 (Component 3) bao aom
cac bie'n TTCBGI. TTCBG2, TTCB133,
TTCBG4 dat ten cho cac nhan to' nay la F3
(TuSn diu cac quy dinh ve che bie'n gd).
Nhan id'4 (Component 4) bao gom cac
bie'n TTTHUE 1, TTTHUE2, TTTHUE3,
TTTHUE4 dat ten cho cac nhan td nay la
F4 (Tuan thii cac quy dinh ve thue).
J^JhU v|y, thdng qua viec phan tich
nhan id dd'i vdi dff lieu khao sat cd thd'
thay rang, cac bie'n quan sat bieu didn
cho tffng nhan to' la gid'ng vdi cac bie'n
quan sat dffdc de xuat tff thang do ban
dau. Cac nhan to' dffdc du'a ra iff phan tich


EFA, dffdc dnh gia tri trung bmh cua cac
bi^n quan sat bieu diln nhan to' dd, va sff
dung nhff la bie'n dai dien cho cac nhan to'
trong phan tich hoi quy.
Phdn tick hdi quy bgi
K^t qua ph§n tich hoi quy (Bang 6)
cho thay, gia iri R' hieu chinh dat mffc
kha cao la 0,658. Dilu n^y cho tha'y, cac
nhSn to dffa ra tff md hinh cd the giai

thich dffdc 65,8% sff bie'n thidn cua bie'n
phu thuoc la chat lffdng mffc do tuan thu
cac quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c gd
hdp phap. Day la mdt ty le cao, cho ihS'y
sii phu hdp cua md hinh ly thuye't vdi so'
lieu thu dffdc tff khao sat thffc td'.
Gia tri Durbin-Watson trong phan
tich bang 1,866 nam trong khoang tff
1-3, dieu nay cho thay, cac bid'n ddc lap
khong cd sff tff tffdng quan vdi nhau, dieu
nay dam bao cho kd't qua phan tich h6i
quy la co sff tin cay.
Trong phan tich ANOVA, gia tri F=
93,648; Sig. =0,000 cho thay, ke't qua'cua
phep phSn tich hoi quy da dam bao mffc
y nghia thong ke. Theo ke'l qua iff bang
phk tich hoi quy, gid tri Sig. = 0,000
tai cac dong Iffdng ffng vdi tffng nhSn to'
Irong md hinh, vi the' cac nhan to' deu co
sff anh hffdng tdi bien phu thudc la chat
lu'cfng mffc do luan thu_ cac quy dinh v l
kilm seal ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap.
Phtfdng trinh hdi quy dffdc xay dffng
nhtf sau:
SAT = 0.41*Fl+0,502*F2-\-0,350^
F3+0,234*F4+0,569
tie so' hoi quy dffdc chuan hoa cho
biet tam quan Irong cua cac bid'n ddc lap

Irong md hinh.^Cac he sd' hoi quy chuan hda cd ih^

dffdc chuyen ddi vi dang phan tram dffdc the' hidn tren
(Bang?).
Ke'l qua Bang 7 cho tha'y, bie'n Fl cd he sd' tu'dng
quan chffa dffdc chuan hda la 0,196. Dieu nay cd nghia
la, khi tang them 1 diem danh gia ve tuan thu phap luat
cd^bang chffng xac minh, thi chat Iffdng mffc dp tuan
diu cac quy dinh vi kie'm soat nguon gd'c gd hdp phap
tang them them 0,196 die'm.
Bie'n F2 co hd sd Iffdng quan chffa dffdc chu^n hda la
0,28 L Dieu nay cd nghia la, khi tang them 1 diem danh
gia ve tuan thu cac quy dinh ve v|n chuyen va budn ban
gd, thi chat Iffdng mffc do tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem
soat ngu6n gd'c gd hdp phap tang them 0,281 die'm.
Bie'n F3 cd he so' tiTdng quan chffa dffdc chuan hda
BANG 5: MA TRAN NHAN TO XOAY
Bi^n
TTPLl
TTPL2
TTPL3
TTPL4
TTPL5
TTVCBBl
TTCVBB2
TTVCBB3
TTVCBB4
TTCBGI
TTCBG2
TTCBG3
TTCBG4
TTTHUE 1

TTTHUE2
TTTHUE3
TTTHUE4

NhSn to
1
,888
,877
,843
,876
,891

2

3

4

,890
,800
,794
,805
,864
,810
,819
,860
,900
,792
,864
,766

I, T[nh toan cua nhom tac giLi

BAMG 6: KET QGA MO HINH HOI QUY BQ!

Model
I

R
,81P

,65

Model
1

Regre.ssion
Residual
Total

H^
Model
I

Md hinh hdi ouv (Model Sununarv)
Change Statistics
DnrbjnSig.F
R Square
Watson
F Change
dfl

df2
Change
Change
195
,000
1,866
,65
,658
93,6481
4
,26706
ANOVA"
df
1
Mean Square
F
Sig.
,000"
4
6,679
93,648
26,717
.07!
195
13,908
40,625
199
HA sfl'hi^i niiv rroeffidftnt.sa>
Standardized
Unstandardized

Coliinearity Statistics
Coefficients
Coefficients
t
Sig.
Tolerance
VIF
Beta
B
Std Error
3,715
.000
,569
,153
1,030
9,648
.000
,971
,410
,020
,196
,957
1,045
11,716
,000
,502
,281
.024
,963
1,038

8,206
,000
,350
,240
,029
1,058
,000
,945
,234
5,439
,134
,025

R
Adjustec Std. Error of
Square R Square the Estimate

(Constant)
Fl
F2
F3
F4

;: Tinh toan cua nhom

147


c5c cd quan ban nganh d^ tid'p_ can thi
trffdng mdi dffdc thulln ldi hdn. Dong thdi,

can chu dgng tie'p can thi trffdng ve nguon
0,196
23,03
gd'c gd hdp phap, ap dungcdng nghe so va
F2 (TTVCBB)
0,281
33,02
sff dung cdng cu trffe tuye'n khi thffc hien.
F3 (TTCBG)
0,240
28,20
Vide trien khai ap dung_cac quy dinh
F4 (TTTHUE)
0,134
15.75
ve kiem soat ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap tff
Tong so'
Hiep dinh Dd'i tac Tff nguyen vd Thffc dii
0,851
100
LuSt lam nghiep, quan tri rffng va thffdng
mai Iam san (VPA/FLEGT) chi nen hii
la 0,240. Dieu nay co nghia la, khi tang them 1 di^m dau khi xay dffng dffdc he tho'ng rd rang
danh gia ve lu&n thu cac quy dinh ve che'bid'n gd, thi hd trd doanh nghiep thao gd khd khan
chS't Iffdng mffc dd tuan thu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat khi thffc hidn.
Dd'i vdi viic qudn ly gd nhdp khdu
nguon gd'c gd hdp phap tang them 0,240 diem.
Bie'n F4 cd he so'iifdng quan chffa dffdc chuan hda Can lang cffdng cung cap thdng lin ve
la 0,134. Di^u nay cd nghia la, khi lang them 1 diim vung dia hinh rui ro qua can bo thffdng
danh gia ve tuan thii cic quy dinh ve thud', thi chat vu d nffdc ngoai; H 6 sd cung ca'p cho

Iffdng mffc dd tuan Ihu cac quy dinh ve kiem soat doanh nghidp can chinh xac, dung phap
luai; Cd quan kiem lam xac nhan cho ca
nguon gd'c gd hdp phap lang them 0,134 diem.
mdt hdp ddng ehff khdng xac nhan cho
tffng
Id hang.
KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHj
Ben canh do, can cd sif phd'i hdp
Ke't qua nghien cffu cho tha'y, cac nhan td' anh cdng Iff giffa hai quan, kiem lam, va cac
hifdng de'n mffc dd tuan Ihu cac quy dinh ve kiem soal cd quan cd tham quyen. C(5 quan tham
ngudn gd'c gd hdp phap nhff sau: Nhan td' F2 (Tuan thii quyen phai cdng bd' loai chffng tff chffng
cic quy dinh ve van chuyen budn ban gd) the hidn vai minh go hdp phap cua ddn vi boac qud'c
tro anh hffdng ldn nha'l (33,02%) tdi cha'l Iifdng mffc dp gia xua'l khau gd.
tuan Ihu c^c quy dinh ve kiem soat nguon gd'c go hdp
Dd'i vdi viec cap phep xudt khdu. Viec
phap; Tie'p de'n Nhan Id' F3 (Tuan thii cac quy dinh ve cap phep Thffc thi Luat lam nghiep, quan
chd' bie'n gd) dong gdp 28,2%; Nhan td' bien Fl (Tuan tri rffng va thu'dng mai lam san (FLEGT)
thu phap luat cd bang chffng xac minh su" tuan thu) cho cac doanh nghiep da gdp phSn giup
ddng gdp 23,03%; va Nhan td' bie'n F4 (Tuan tbu cac cac doanh nghiep ddng gdp vao phai
quy dinh ve thud') dong gdp 15,75% the hien sff anh lri€n cdng nghiep phu ird de hien dai hoa
hffdng tha'p.
nganh ndng nghiep va phai trien ndng
Tff ke't qua nghien cffu, de lang nghe gd dap ffng thdn. Tuy nhien, can cap chffng nh|n
cac quy dinh ve kiem soal nguon gd'c gd hdp phap, Bac FLEGT cho cac doanh nghiep theo Id gd,
trff dan khd'i Iifdng theo tffng Id hang san
Ninh can thffc hidn mpt sd giai phap sau:
Do'i vdi cdc to chffc doanh nghiip: Cic doanh nghiep xua't, song chi nen cS'p phep FLEGT cho
vffa va nhd, sieu nho can sff hd ird hua'n luyen tff phia doanh nghiep trong 1 nam.Q
BANG 7: VI TRI QUAN TRONG CGA cAC NHAN TO

Big'n dOc l$p
Fl (TTPL)

_

GiS tri tuygt dfTi

TAI LIEILTHAM KHAD

Ty trong (%)

_

_

1. Chinh phu (2006). Nghi dinh sd66/2006/ND-CP, ngdy 07/07/2006 ve phdl triin ngdnh nghi
ndng thdn
2. Chinh phu (2010). Nghi dinh sd6l/2010/ND-CP, ngdy 04/06/2010 vi chinh sdch khuyi'n khich
doanh nghiip ddu tu vdo ndng nghiep, ndng thdn
3. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phdt trien ndng thdn (2012). Thdng tu so 01/2012/Tr-BNNPTNT, ngdy
04/01/2012 quy dinh vi ho sa ldm san hgp phdp vd kiim tra nguon gd'c ldm sdn
4. Bd Tai nguyen va Mdi trffdng (2016). Thdng tu so 3I/2016/TT-BTNMT, ngdy 14/10/2016 ve
bdo vi mdi trudng cum cdng nghiip, khu kinh doanh, dich vti tap trung ldng nhe vd ca sd sdn xudt,
kinh doanh, dich vu. Ha Ndi
5. Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn (2018). Bdo cdo du thdo vi he thd'ng bdo ddm gd hgp
phdp cda Viit Nam, Ha Ndi
6. Td Xuan Phuc, NguySn Tdn Quyen (2011). Bdo cdo xdc dinh cdc ben Uin quan ELECT, Ha Ndi
7. Nguydn Tdn Quyen, Tran Hffu Nghi (2011). Bdo cdo Nghiin cffu nhffng sdng kiin, kinh nghiim
cda Viet Nam ve viec tdng cudng phdt triin sdn xudt vd thuang mgi gd bin vffng han. Ha Ndi
8. Td'ng cue LSm nghiep (2017). Todn vdn Hiep dinh VPA/FLEGT, Ha Ndi

148