Các nhân tố ảnh hưởng tới sự hài lòng của người dân về chương trình xây dựng nông thôn mới trên địa bàn tỉnh thái nguyên

TAPCHiGQNeTHIfdIVG

CAC NHAN TO ANH Hl/OfNG
TCfl SlJ HAI LONG CUA NGlJOfl DAN VE
CHlJCfNG TRINH XAY D U N G NONG THON MCfl
TREN DIA BAN TINH THAI NGUYEN
• HO CHI DIEN

TOM TAT:
Nghidn edu dUdc thUc hidn nham xac dinh cac yd'u td' anb hUdng dd'n mdc dd hai long eda
ngddi dan khu vdc ndng thdn tinh Thai Nguydn. De tbdc hien nghien edu, 10 ngUdi dan va
cdn bp khu vdc ndng thdn tJnb Thai Nguydn da dUde phdng va'n dinh tinb cung vdi 300 ngddi
dan da tham gia vae qua trinh khao sat nay. Dda trdn phUdng phap phan tich nhan to (EFA)
va pbUdng phdp hdi quy tuyd'n tinh, nghidn edu da tim ra bang chdng thdc ngbidm cho tha'y
cd sd tac ddng eua yeu td thu nhap, trinh dp hpc va'n, chinh quyln... tdi mdc dp hai long ci^a
ngUdi dan, Mdt so'khuyd'n nghi dd dUde dl xud't ttdn cd sd kd't qua nghien edu.
Tiif khoa: Xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi, ddnh gia, ngddi dan, tinh Thai Nguydn.

1. Gidi thieu
Ndng nghidp, ndng dan, ndng thdn ed vi tri
chid'n Iddc trong sd nghiep cdng ngbidp hda, bidn
dai hda, xdy dUng vd bao vd td qud'c, la cd sd va
ngudn Idc quan trdng cho phdt trien kinh td' - xa
hdi Viet Nam, Dd' phat triin ddng bd ndng ngbidp
ndng thdn, tdng budc nang cao ddi sd'ng vat chat
tinh than cua ngUdi ndng dan. Dang vd Nha nddc
Viet Nam da cd nhieu chu ttddng, chinh sach quan
trong trdng do cd ChUdng trinb muc tieu qudc gia
ve xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi (XDNTM). Sau gan
10 ndm thUe hidn (2010-2019), tinh dd'n cud'i nam
2018, ca nude da ed 3 420 xa chie'm 38,32% xd

dUdc cdng nhan dat tidu chuan ndng thdn mdi, 53
ddn vi cd'p huydn thupc 27 tinb, thanb pbd trdn ca
nddc d\i(ic cdng nhdn dat chuan ndng thdn mdi.
ChUdng nTnb XDNTM da dem lai nhieu tbay doi
rd net, cd ca'u kinh td' ndng thdn ed nhieu chuyen

40

S d 4 - T h a n g 3/2019

dich tich cdc, nganh ngbl d ndng thdn phat trien
tddng dd'i da dang, ndng nghidp - nganh kinh td'
ebu ye'u cua khu vUe ndng thdn dang chuyin manh
sang sdn xud't hang hda, kd't ca'u ha tang phat trien
manh, nhilu md hinh phdt trien san xua't da tao
ndn ddng lUc mdi cho phat ttien kmb td' khu vdc
ndng thdn... Ben canh dd, ke't qua XDNTM gida
cac vung cdn ed sd chenh Idcb, nhieu ndi trien khai
cdn mang tinb binh tbdc, tbUe hidn de Id'y thdnh
tich, chira cd cac boat ddng mang tinh kidn tao,
ehUa khai thac dddc bd't tiem nang the' manh cua
khu VUc ndng thdn, thu nhdp, ddi sd'ng cua cdc
vung ndng thdn cdn tbd'p. Theo bao cdo kd't qua
tdng dieu tta cua Bp Ndng nghidp va Phdt trien
ndngthdn(nam2017)chotba'y, tyle xa dat chuan
ndng thdn mdi cd sU khac bidt Idn gida cdc vung
trong ed nUdc, vung Ddng Nam bd dat cao nha't
(47%), gd'p gan 5 Ian ty Id cua viing dat thap nba't

KINH IE

la TDMNPB (TDMNPB) (9,5%). Ly do ebo ty Id
dat tbd'p nhd't cua vung TDMNPB la vung cd dia
hinh chii yd'u la ddi nui tbd'p va nui cao gay khd
khan cho ngUdi dan di lai, sinh boat va san xud't,
ddi sd'ng vat chd't tinh thdn cua ngUdi ddn ndng
thdn cdn tha'p; ti Id bp ngheo cao, nha't Id vung
ddng bao dan tdc thieu so, viing sdu, vung xa; san
xua't ndng ngbidp nbd le, manh mun; kd't ed'u ha
tang kinh t e - xa hdi cdn khd khan...
Thdi Nguydn, mdt dnh thudc ttung tdm chinh
tn, kinh td' cua khu Vidt Bae ndi rieng, cua viing
TDMNPB ndi chung, la cda ngd giao luu kinh te' xa
hdi gida vung Trung du mien nui vdi vung ddng
bang Bac Bd. Thai Nguydn la tinb da trien khai
chUdng trinh XDNTM ngay td ra't sdm (nam 2010),
tinh dd'n bd't ndm 2017, toan tinh da cd 68 xa cd
quyd't dinh cdng nhan dat chuan; trong dd, ndm
2017 cd them 12 xa dat chuan (Sd NN&PTNTTN,
2018). Kd't qua eua tinb ddng gdp mdt phan tao
nen ty Id xa dat ndng thdn mdi cua vung
TDMNPB tbd'p nha't ttong cdc vung cua ca nddc.
Do dd, can thie't phai ed nghidn edu danh gia
chddng trinh XDNTM, dac biet can ed danh gia
eua ngUdi ndng ddn, dd'i tUdng quan trpng eua
chUdng tiinh va cung la thanh phan chu ye'u sinh
sd'ng tai khu vdc ndng thdn (chid'm gdn 70%). VI
vay, nghidn edu "Cae nhan td' anh hddng dd'n kd't
qua danh gia cua ngddi dan vdi chddng trinh

XDNTM trdn dia ban tinh Thdi Nguydn" dddc thUe
hien nham khao sat kd't qua ddnh gia eua ngUdi
ddn ve chddng trinh XDNTM, ddng thdi xac dinh
cae yd'u td'dnh bddng dd'n kd't qua ddnh gid ndy, td
dd cd nhdng khuyd'n nghi nham gdp phan ndng cao
cha't Iddng chddng trinh XDNTM trdn dia ban tinh
Thai Nguydn ndi rieng vd gdp phan cdi thien kd't
qua XDNTM vung TDMNPB ndi chung.
2. £>ac diem dia ban nghien ciiu
Thai Nguyen la tinh thupc trung tam vung
Trung du miln nui Ddng bdc; phia Bac tie'p gidp
vdi tinh Bae Kan, phia Tdy giap vdi cdc dnh VTnh
Phuc, Tuyen Quang, phia Ddng giap vdi cdc tmh
Lang Sdn, Bac Giang vd phia Nam tid'p giap vdi
tbu dd Ha Ndi (cdch 80 km); didn ticb tU nhidn
3.562,82 km^. Tinb Thai Nguyen ed 9 ddn vi hdnh
chinh gdm: 2 thanh phd' (Thdi Nguydn va Sdng
Cdng), I thi xa (Pho Ydn) va 6 huydn Id Phu Binh,
Dong Hy, Vo Nhai, Dinh Hda, Dai Td, Phu LUdng.
Tong sd gdm 180 xa, ttong dd cd 125 xa vung cao

va mien nui, cdn lai la cae xa ddng bang vd trung
du. Ddi sd'ng ngUdi ddn ndng tbSn cdn gap nhilu
khd khan, phu thupc chu ye'u vao san xua't ndng
ngbidp, thu nhap binh qudn eua ngUdi dan ndng
thdn tha'p dat 26,2 ttidu ddng/ngudi/nam. Thai
Nguyen la mdt trong nhdng tinh di dau ttong phong
trao XDNTM cua vung TDMNPB, cung la tinb cd
ke't qua xay dUng NTM cao nha't cua vung, tinh
dd'n thdi dilm nam 2018.

Hinh 1: Vj tri tinh Thai Nguyen trong
vung TDMNPB

Vdi sU tUdng ddng trong mdc sd'ng, dilu kidn
va tap qudn san xud't vdi cdc dnh khde thudc vdng
TDMNPB, vide lUa ebon Thai Nguydn la dia ban
nghien edu dam bdo dUdc tinh dai didn cho cae dia
phddng khde trong vung. Ddng thdi ke't qua nghidn
edu d Thai Nguyen cd triin vpng md rdng cho cac
tmbkhae trong vung, cung nhd mdt so dnh ed dilu
kien san xua't tUdng ddng trong ca nUdc.
3. Phddng phap nghien edu
3.1. PhUdng phdp thu thap solieu
3.1.1. Sd lieu sO cdp
Sd' lieu dddc sd dung trong nghien edu la sd lieu
sd ca'p dUde thu thap thdng qua khao sdt bdng hdi.
De phan dnh dddc chinh xac cdc y kien cua ngddi
dan, cudc phdng vd'n dinh tinb vdi 10 ngddi ddn da
dddc tid'n hanh, treng sd' dd ed 2 cdn bd lanh dao
thudc Sd Ndng nghidp va Phdt trien ndng thdn
(NN&PTNT) va 8 ngddi dan sinh sdng tai khu vUe
ndng thdn trdn dia ban linh Thai Nguyen, Ndi dung
phdng vd'n vl y kid'n danh gia chddng trinb xdy
dung ndng thdn, qua cupc khao sdt ndy, tac gia
nhan tha'y cdc dd'i tUdng dIu danh gid d hai khia

So 4 - T h a n g 3/2019

41

TAP CHi CONG THlffllNG

CAC NHAN TO ANH HlTCJNG
TCfl SlJ HAI LONG CUA NGUOfi DAN VE
CHlJCfNG TRINH XAY Dl/NG NONG THON M 6 I
TREN DIA BAN TINH THAI NGUYEN
• HO CHI DIEN

TOM TAT:
Nghidn edu dUde thuc hidn nham xac dinh cdc yd'u td anh hddng den mdc dd bdi Idng cda
ngddi ddn khu vdc ndng thdn dnh Thdi Nguyen. De tilde hidn nghidn edu, 10 ngUdi dan va
cdn bp khu vUc ndng thdn tinb Thai Nguydn dd dUpe phdng va'n dinh tinh cung vdi 300 ngUdi
ddn da tham gia vdo qua trinh khao sat nay. Dda tren phUdng phdp phan tich nhan to (EFA)
va phddng phap hdi quy tuyen tinh, nghidn edu da tim ra bang chdng tbdc ngbidm cho thd'y
cd su tac ddng ciia yd'u td' thu nhdp, trinh dp hpc vd'n, cbinh quyen... tdi mdc dp hai long cua
ngddi ddn. Mdt so' khuyd'n nghi da dddc dl xua't trdn cd sd ke't qua nghien edu.
Tuf khoa: Xdy ddng ndng thdn mdi, ddnh gid, ngUdi ddn, tinh Thai Nguydn,

1. Gidi thidu
Ndng ngbidp, ndng ddn, ndng thdn cd vj tri
chid'n lUdc ttong sU nghidp cdng nghidp hda, hidn
dai boa, xdy dUng va bdo vd to qud'c, Id cd sd va
ngudn lUc quan trong cho phdt triin kinh td' - xa
hdi Viet Nam, De phdt triin ddng bd ndng nghiep
ndng thdn, tdng budc nang cao ddi sd'ng vat cha't
tinh thin cua ngddi ndng dan. Dang va Nha nddc
Viet Nam dd cd nhieu chu trddng, chinb sach quan
trpng trong dd cd ChUdng trinh muc tidu qud'c gia
ve xdy dUng ndng thdn mdi (XDNTM). Sau gan

10 nam thUc bidn (2010-2019), tinb dd'n cud'i ndm
2018, ca nude dd ed 3.420 xa chid'm 38,32% xd
dUdc cdng nhan dat tieu chud'n ndng thdn mdi, 53
ddn vi ca'p huyen thudc 27 tinh, thanh phd' ttdn ea
nddc dddc cdng nhdn dat chuan ndng thdn mdi.
Chddng trinh XDNTM da dem lai nhilu thay ddi
rd net, cd ca'u kinh te' ndng thdn ed nhilu chuyen

40

S o 4 - T h a n g 3/2019

dich tich cdc. nganh nghe d ndng thdn phdt triin
tddng dd'i da dang, ndng ngbidp - nganh kmb td'
ebu yd'ucuakhuvUc ndng thdn dang chuyen manh
sang san xud't bang hda, ke't cd'u ha tang phdt tridn
manh, nbilu md binh phdt trien sdn xud't da tao
ndn ddng lUc mdi cho phat triin kinh te' khu vdc
ndng thdn... Bdn canh dd, kd't qud XDNTM gida
eac vung cdn cd sd chenh Idcb, nhieu ndi trien khai
cdn mang tinb binh tbdc, tbUc hien de la'y thanh
tich, ehUa cd cac hoat ddng mang tinb kie'n tao,
chua khai tbdc dUpc hd't tilm nang the' manh cua
khu vdc ndng thdn, thu nhap, ddi sd'ng eua cac
vung ndng thdn cdn tbd'p. Tbeo bao cao ke't qua
tdng dieu tra cua Bd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien
ndng thdn (nam 2017) eho tha'y, ty le xa dat chuan
ndng thdn mdi ed sd khde bidt Idn gida cdc vimg
trong ca nUdc, vung Ddng Nam bd dat cao nha't
(47%), ga'p gan 5 lan ty le cua vung dat tbd'p nha't

KINHTE

la TDMNPB (TDMNPB) (9,5%). Ly do cho ty Id
dat tha'p nba't cua vung TDMNPB la vung ed dia
hlnb chu yd'u Id ddi ndi thd'p va nui cao gdy khd
khan cho ngddi ddn di lai, sinh boat va san xua't,
ddi sd'ng vat cha't tinh than cua ngddi ddn ndng
thdn cdn tbd'p; ti le bp ngheo cao, nha't la vung
ddng bao dan tdc thieu sd', vung sdu, vung xa; san
xua't ndng nghiep nho le, manh mdn; ket cd'u ha
tang kinh te'- xa bdi cdn khd khan...
Thai Nguydn, mdt tinh thupc trung tdm cbinh
tri, kinh td'cua khu Viet Bac ndi ridng, cua vung
TDMNPB ndi chung. Id eda ngo giao Idu kinh td' xa
hdi gida vung Trung du mien nui vdi vung ddng
bang Bac Bp. Thai Nguyen la tinh da ttien khai
chddng trinh XDNTM ngay tdrd't sdm (nam 2010),
tinb dd'n bd't nam 2017, toan tinh da cd 68 xa cd
quye't dinh cdng nhdn dat chuan; trong dd, nam
2017 ed thdm 12 xd dat chudn (Sd NN&PTNTTN,
2018). Kd't qua cua dnh ddng gdp mdt phan tao
nen ty le xa dat ndng thdn mdi eua vung
TDMNPB thd'p nba't trong eac vung eua ca nUdc.
Do do, can thid't phai cd nghidn edu ddnh gid
chddng trinh XDNTM, dac bidt can ed danh gia
eua ngUdi ndng dan, ddi tddng quan trpng cua
chddng trinh va cung la thanh phan ebu yd'u sinh
sd'ng lai khu vUe ndng thdn (chie'm gan 70%). VI

vay, nghidn edu "Cac nhdn to' anh hddng dd'n kd't
qua danh gid eua ngddi ddn vdi chUdng trinh
XDNTM trdn dia ban dnh Thai Nguydn" dUdc thiic
hien nham khao sat ke't qua ddnh gia cua ngddi
ddn vl chddng trinb XDNTM, ddng thdi xdc dinb
cac yd'u td' anb hUdng ddn kd't qua danh gia nay, td
do cd nhdng khuyen nghi nham gdp phan ndng cao
chd't Iddng cbUdng trinh XDNTM trdn dia bdn tinb
Thai Nguydn ndi ridng va gdp phan eai tbien kd't
qua XDNTM vung TDMNPB ndi chung.
2. D^c didm dja ban nghien cvtu
Thai Nguydn la tinh thupc trung tdm vung
Trung du mien nui Ddng bae; phia Bae tid'p giap
vdi tinb Bae Kan, phia Tdy gidp vdi cdc tinh VTnh
Phdc, Tuyen Quang, phia Ddng gidp vdi cae dnh
Lang Sdn, Bac Giang vd phia Nam tid'p gidp vdi
thu dd Hd Ndi (each 80 km); didn ticb tU nbidn
3.562,82 km^. Tinh Thai Nguyen cd 9 ddn vi banh
cbinh gdm: 2 thanb phd' (Thai Nguydn vd Sdng
Cdng), 1 thi xa (Pbd Yen) va 6 huydn Id Pbu Binh,
Ddng Hy, Vo Nhai, Dinh Hda, Dai Td, Pbu Lddng.
Tdng sdgdm 180 xa, trong dd cd 125 xa vung cao

vd miln nui, cdn lai la cdc xa dong bang va ttung
du. Ddi sd'ng ngddi dan ndng thdn cdn gap nhieu
khd khan, pbu thudc ebd ye'u vao sdn xud't ndng
ngbidp, thu nhap binh quan eua ngUdi dan ndng
thdn tha'p dat 26,2 tridu ddng/ngudl/ndm. Thai
Nguyen la mot ttong nhdng tmh di dau trong phong
ttdo XDNTM cua vung TDMNPB, cung la tinb cd

kd't qua xdy ddng NTM cao nba't cua vung, tinb
dd'n thdi diem nam 2018.
Hinh 1: Vi tri tinh Thdi Nguyen trong
vung TDMNPB

Vdi sU tUdng ding trong mdc sdng, dilu kidn
vd tdp quan san xua't vdi cac tinb khac thupc vung
TDMNPB, vide Ida chon Thdi Nguydn la dia ban
nghidn edu ddm bao d\i6c tinh dai dien cho cdc dia
phUdng khde trdng vung. Dong thdi kd't qua nghien
edu d Thai Nguyen cd triin vpng md rpng cho cdc
tinh khac trong viing, cung nhd mdt sd' tinh ed didu
kidn san xud't tddng ddng trong ca nUdc.
3. Phiftfng phap nghien edu
3.1. Phddng phdp thu thap solieu
3.1.1. Sd lieu sa cdp
So lidu dUdcsd dung ttong nghien edu la sd'hdu
sd ca'p dddc tbu thdp thdng qua khao sal bang hdi.
De phan anh dddc chinh xac cdc y kie'n eua ngddi
dan, cudc phong va'n dinb tinh vdl 10 ngddi ddn da
dUdc tie'n hanh, treng sd dd cd 2 can bd lanh dao
thupc Sd Ndng ngbidp vd Phdt triin ndng thdn
(NN&PTNT) va 8 ngUdi ddn sinh sd'ng tai khu vUc
ndng thdn trdn dia ban tinb Thdi Nguydn. Ndi dung
phong va'n vl y kid'n ddnh gia cbUdng tnnh xdy
dung ndng thdn, qua cudc khao sat nay, tac gia
nhdn tha'y cdc dd'i tUdng dIu ddnh gid d bai khia

So 4-Thang 3/2019

41


lAPCHlCONClUlfllNe

canh: sd quan tdm va triin khai eua chinh quyen,
kd't qua chUdng trinb XDNTM (kd't qua ve cd sd
vat cha't eac cdng trinh phuc vu ddi sd'ng ngddi ddn
(trddng hpc, bdu didn..), kd't qua ve cd sd ba tang
phuc vu smh boat vd san xua't ndng ngbidp cua
ngddi dan (didn, dudng, thuy ldi), ke't qua vl van
hda-y td'-giao due, ke't qua cdng tac quy hoach,
Dda vao cac thdng tin dinh tinh ndy, tac gia tien
hanb xdy ddng phid'u edu hdi phuc vu cupc khao
sdt la'y y kid'n ddnh gia eua ngUdi ddn vdl chddng
trmh XDNTM.
Mot cudc dilu tra khao sat da dUdc tie'n hanh
nhdm la'y y kid'n ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng thdn
tinb Thai Nguyen ve chddng trinb XDNTM cua
tinb. Quy md mdu dUde xdc dinh tbeo cdng thdc
eua Hair&Ctg (1998). Theo Hair&Ctg (1998), dl
sd dung phUdng phap phan tich nhdn td', kich
thudc mdu td'i thilu Id 50, td't bdn Id 100 vd ty Id
quan sat/bid'n dd lUdng la 5/1, nghia la mdt bie'n
do ludng can td'i thilu la 5 quan sat. D l phuc vu
cho nghidn edu nay, tdc gid da tie'n bdnh didu tra
300 ngUdi dan sinh sd'ng tai khu vUc ndng thdn
dnh Thai Nguyen. Thdng tin thu thap dam bao
dddc yeu cau vl dung lUdng mdu eho md binh
nghidn edu.

3.1.2. Solieu thd cdp
De cung cd'p day du bdn vl bd'i canh, ke't qua
XDNTM cua tinb Thai Nguydn, nghidn edu sd
dung cac thdng tin thd cd'p td nien giam thd'ng kd
tinh, cdc bdo cdo eua Sd Ndng nghiep va Phat trien
Ndng thdn Thai Nguydn, Bd Ndng nghidp va Phdt
ttien Ndng thdn Viet Nam,
3.2. PhUdng phdp phdn tich dUlieu
3.2.1. Phucfng phdp phdn tieh nhdn to'
Tbue bidn nghien edu danh gid chUdng trinh
XDNTM qua ddnh gid cua ngddi dan khu vUc ndng
thdn tinh Thdi Nguydn, tdc gia sd dung pbUdng
phap phdn tich nhan to' EFA dl danh gid dd tin cay
eua thang do thdng qua kiem dinb be sd'Cronbaeb's
Alpha, kilm dinh sU phu hdp cua pbUdng phdp EFA
qua kiem dinh tddng quan cua cac bid'n quan sdt
(kiem dmh KMO va Barttiet's), kilm dinb mdc do
giai thich eua cdc bid'n quan sdt trong md hinh va
tbUc hien phep quay (rotattion) de nhdm cdc cbi
bdo thanh cae nhdm nhdn to nghidn edu.
3.2.2. Phuang phdp phdn tich hoi quy
Sau khi phan tich nhdn to' dd kiem dinh dp tin
cay, sd phu hdp, mdc dp giai thich cua cdc nhdn td

42

So 4-Thang 3/2019

trong md hinh, nghien edu tid'p tuc sd dung phddng
phap hdi quy tuyd'n tinh de nham ddc Iddng dnh

hudng cua eac nhdn td' tdi sU danh gid (mdc dp hai
Idng) eua ngUdi dan.
Md hinh ed dang:
Y = Po + P|Xi + P2X2 + ^3X3,+ ... PnX„ + ej
Trong dd Y Id bid'n pbu thudc, phu thudc vdo
cdc loai bid'n X,, Xj, X3...Xn.
Trong md hinh nay, bid'n Y la bie'n the hidn kd't
qua ddnh gid chUdng trinb XDNTM. thdng qua do
ludng mdc dp bdi Idng cua ngUdi ddn ve chUdng
trinh XDNTM.
Cac bid'n X], X2. X3...X2 la cdc bie'n ddc Idp tac
dec dd'n bid'n phu thudc, la nguyen nhan gay ddn
de'n kd't qua la tae ddng dd'n bid'n Y..
He so' Po la tung dp gd'c cua md hinh, he so p,,
p2, P3... an dUdc xac dinh qua md hinh Udc Iddng,
nd phan anh mdc dp tdc ddng cua cdc ye'u to de'n
bid'n y,
3.2.3. Phuang phdp phdn tich tdng hgp - so sanh
PhUdng phap nay dUde sd dung trong bai viet
nham danh gia y kid'n eua ngUdi dan vl cdc khia
canh dUdc hdi tren cd sd cdc nhdn td' da dddc xdc
dinh td phddng phdp phdn ticb nhdn td'. Kd't qua vl
mdc dd anh bddng eua ede yd'u td' nay tdi sd hai
Idng cua ngUdi ddn va mdc dp ddng y cua cac nhan
td' se la bang chdng tbue ngbidm, de td dd tac gia
dl xud't mdt sd giai phap day manh chddng trinh
XDNTM ttdn dia ban tinb Thai Nguyen ndi rieng,
vijng TDMNOB ndi chung.
3.3. Bien ngliien ciiu
Md hlnb nghidn edu ed dang:

Y = p„ + P,X, + P,X2 + ^3X3,+ ... P„X„ + e, ^
Trong dd: Y la bid'n hdi Idng (Hailong) cua
ngUdi dan ve chUdng trinh XDNTM trdn dia ban
tinh Thdi Nguyen va pbu thupc vdo cae bid'n ddc
lap: X|, X2, Xj-.-Xj,, idnluptld cdc bid'n luoi, gidi
tinb, tbu nhap, hpc va'n, cbinh quyen, ed sd vat
cha't, cd sd ha tang, van hda y td' giao due, quy
hoach. Cac bie'n dUdc dinh nghTa cu the trong
Bangl.
4. Kd't qua nghidn ctfu
4.1. Ket qud ddnh gid chUOiig trinh XDNTM
cda ngUdi ddn Ichu vUc nong thdn tren dia bdn
tinh Tlidi Nguyen
Sau 10 nam trien khai, chUdng trinh XDNTM
da dem lai nhieu kd't qua, cung la khodng thdi gian
du ddi dl cbUdng trinb bdc Id cdc nbUde diem hay


KINH TE

Bang 1. Djnh nghia bien SLT dung trong nghien cCfu
Dinh nghTa
Ket qua danh gia chUdng trinh XDNTM dUOc do ludng mile dd hai Idng ciia ngudi dan vdl chUdng trinh
xay dung NTM, sd dung thang do likert

Haliong

1 neu gidi tinh la Nam, bang 0 neu gidi tinh la nd
Tudi cua ngudi tham gia phdng van, bang 1 neu tren 40 tuoi, bang 0 neu td 40 tuoi trd xud'ng
Trinh dp hoc van cua ngudi dupc phdng van, bang 1 neu ngUdI dupc phdng van ed bang trung cap !rd

len, bang 0 neu khong cd bang cap
Thu nhap ciia ngudi dupc phdng van, bang 0 neu dudi 5 tneu, I
15 trieu trd len

Thu nhap

31 neu td 5-15 trieu, bang 2 neu td

Danh gia cua ngUdi dan ve ket qua cdng tac quy hoach, dupc do ludng bang thang do likert
Danh gia cua ngudi dan ve ket qua co sd ha tang, dupc do ludng bang thang do likert
Danh gia cija ngUdI dan ve cd sd vat chat, dUOc do ludng bang thang do likert
Danh gia ci!ia ngudi dan v l van hda- y te - giao due, dupc do ludng bang thang do iiicert
Danh gia cua ngudi dan ve nang luc, trach nhiem va sd quan tam cua can bp chinh quyen

Nguon: Tdc gid xdy dUng
phat buy hieu qua va ngUdi ddn cung du thdi gian
chiem nghiem dl dUa ra cdc ddnh gid cbinb xdc, ed
dp tin cay cao ve cha't Iddng chddng trinh.
De thdc Men Id'y y kid'n ngUdi ddn, mdt cudc
dieu tra da dupe tid'n hanh vdi 300 ngUdi ddn sinh
sdng d khu vdc ndng thdn tinh Thdi Nguydn, trong
do cd 62% ngudi dUdc bdi la nam gidi, 54% cd dp
tudi trdn 40 va 65% cd bang trung cd'p trd Idn.
Khao sat la'y y kid'n ngddi ddn vdi 5 mdc: rat hai
long, hdi Idng, binh thddng, khdng hai long va rd't
khdng hai Idng, ke't qua tim dddc the bidn trong
Bang 2,
Bang 2. Danh gid c u a ngt/di ddn ve
ChUdng trinh tql tmh Ttidl Nguyen
TyiS(%)

MOc (]$ hai long

So ngiidi lira chpn

1 Rat khong hai long

0

0

2. Khong hai long

2

0,7

3. Binh thudng

130

43,33

4 Hai long

151

50,33

5. Rat hai iong

17

5,7

Nguon: Tinh todn khao sdt cua tdc gid

Kd't qua ttong Bdng 2 eho tbd'y, ty le cao nhd't
thupc vl y kid'n danh gid cha't lUdng chUdng trinh
ndng thdn mdi la binh thudng vdi 50,33% sd'ngudi
danh gia, ddng thd 2 la 43,33% sd' ngddi ddnh gid
hai long vdi ebUdng trinh XDNTM, ddng d vi tri thd
3 la ra't hai long vdi 5,7% sd ngUdi danh gia, ddng
thd 4 la danh gia klidng hai long vdi ty Id 0,7% va
khdng cd ai la rd't khdng hdi long vdi chddng trinh.
Td ke't qua cd 56,03% sd' ngUdi dUdc hdi la cam
thd'y bai Idng hoac rd't hai long, nhu vdy cbUdng
trinb XDNTM cung da bdc Id hieu qud, phan nao
dem lai chat lddng cudc sdng ebo ngUdi dan, bddc
dau da nhdn dUdc sd hdi long id phia ngUdi dan.
Con so'43,33 % sd'ngUdi danh gid hlnb thddng eho
tbd'y eon mot bd phan khdng nho ngUdi dan cho
rang chddng ttinh XDNTM chua tbdc sd phdt huy
he't dddc vai trd cung nhd y nghia cua cbUdng tiinb.
Ty Id chUa hai Idng ehi chie'm 0,7%, la mdt ty Id
nbd, nhdng ciing vdi ly le chua tbdc sU hdi Idng Id
43,33% thi day la cdn sd khdng h i nhd can pbai ed
eac bidn phdp khac phuc tinh trang tren,
4.2. Ket qud EFA
4.2.J. Ket qud kiem dinh thang do vdi he sd

Cronbach's Alpha
De tbdc bien nghidn edu ndy, thdng qua phdng
van dinh tinh, tdc gia nhdn tha'y ngoai dac diem
So 4 - T h d n g 3/2019

43


lAPGHJCDNClHIflfNG

cua ngudi dddc phdng va'n, mdt sd' cdc nhdn td'
khac cd the cd anb hudng dd'n sU hai long eua
ngudi dan nhd trdch nhiem va sU quan tdm cua
chinh quyen (CQ), ke't qua cd sd vat chd't (CSVC),
ke't qua cdng lac quy hoach (QH), kd't qua trong
vdn hda - y t l - gido due (VYG), kd't qua vl cd sd
ha lang (CSHT), 5 nhdn td nay dddc do lddng bang
35 chi bao (items) dupe tac gia xdy dUng dUa trdn
nghidn edu dinh tinh. Bi kilm dinh dp tm cay cua
cdc thang do nay, kiem dmh Cronbach's Alpha da
dUde thuc hien. Sau kbi kiem dinb, cd 34 ehi bao
dat dilu kidn dupe sddung de phan dnh cdc nhdn
td'va he sd'Cronbaeb's alpha cho nhdn td'dUdc the
hidn d Bang 3. Kd't qua cho tbd'y he sd' Alpha eua
cdc nhdn to tdng deu Idn bdn 0,6 dddc xem Id chap
nhdn dddc va thich hdp de dda vao phdn tich
nhdng bUde tid'p tbeo.
Bdng 3. Kiem djnh he so Cronbach's Alpho
STT

Nhan to tong

1

Trach nhiem va SLf quan tam
cua chinh quyen

2

Ket qua co sci vat chat

3
4
5

Kfhiiu

Alpha

CQ

0.952

CSVC

0.891

Ket qua cong tac quy hoach

QH

0.954

Ket qua trong van hoa - y te
- giao dye

VYG

0.902

Ket qua cd sd ha tang

CSHT

0.979

Nguon: Tinh todn eua tdc gid vdi sif trg giiip
cua phdn mem SPSS 22
4.2.2. Kit kiem dinh suphii hgp cua mo hinh
De kiem dinh sU pbu hpp cua phUdng phap
EFA cho md binh, kiem dinh he sd' KMO va
Barriell's da dddc thuc bidn. Kd't qua kiem dinh
nhu sau:
Bang 4. Ket qud kiem djnh KMO vd Bartlett's
Kiem dinh

Giatn

Kaiser-Meyer^Okin (KIVIO)

0,938

Bartlett's Approx Chi-Square
Sig

14682,645
0,000

Ngudn: Tong hap cua tdc gid

44

So4-Thang 3/2019

KMO: 0,938 > 0,5: Phan tich nhdn td phii hdp
vdi dd lieu nghidn edu
Ket qua kiem djnh Bariett's la 14682.645 vdi
mdc y nghia Sig = 0.000 < 0.05: dd lieu phdn tich
nhan td' Id hodn tean phu hdp.
4.2.3. Ket qud xoay nhdn to
Sau kbi cac chi bao dupe kiem dinh vl dp tin
cay va sU pbu hdp, dam bao de tbdc hien phdn tich
nhdn td', nghidn edu tid'p tuc ibUc bidn nbdm nhdn
td thdng qua phep quay ma Iran. Kd't qua cho thd'y
cdc ebi bao da hdi tu vdo hd'n nhdn td' quy hoach
(QH), cd sd ha tdng (CSHT), ed sd vat chd't
(CSVC), vdn hda y td' giao due (VYG) va cbinh
quyen (CQ).
Dua trdn he sd' tai cua eac thang do trong bdng
quay ma tran, gid tri cua eac nhan td' dddc xdc dinh

nhu sau:
QH = 0, 59.QH1+ 0,571.QH2 + 0,633.QH3
+ 0,656.QH4 + 0,631.QH5
CSHT = 0,783,CSHT1 + 0,843.CSHT2
+ 0,849.CSHT3 + 0,836 CSHT4
+ 0,775.CSHT5
CSVC = 0,746. CSVC1+ 0,769.CSVC2
+ 0,786.CSVC3 + a,786CSVC4
+ 0,798.CSVC5 + 0,798.CSVC6
+0,781.CSVC7 + 0,790.CSVC8
+ 0,792.CSVC9
VYG = 0,879.VYG1 + 0,900.VYG2
+ 0,875.VYG3+ 0,875.VYG4
+ 0,889.VYG5
CQ = 0,781.CQ6 + 0,823.CQ7 + 0,832.CQ8
+ 0,858.CQ9 + 0,821.CQ1 + 0,861,CQ2
+ 0,831.CQ3+0,827,CQ4
+0,854.CQ5 +0,844.CQ10
4.3. Kit qud hoi quy
Dd lieu dieu tra sau khi da lam sach, EFA, dddc
dUa vao md hlnb bdi quy tuyen tinh dd ddc lddng
mdc dp anh hudng cua cac yd'u to dd'n sd hdi Idng
cua ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng thdn tren dia bdn dnh
Thai Nguyen.
Ke't qua Udc lUdng mdc do giai thich eua md
hlnb, R' bidu cbinh =0.771 cho tbd'y 77,1% sU tbay
ddi cua bie'n pbu thudc (bid'n bdi long) dddc giai
thich bdi sU tbay dd'i eua bid'n ddc lap trong md binh,
Kd't qua kilm dinh gia thuyd't vl dd phu hdp
vdi tdng tbi cua md binb, gid tri F=202.525 vdi

sig^O.OOO <5%, md hlnb bdi quy tuye'n tinb xdy
ddng dddc la phu hpp vdi long the.


KINH TE

Kd't qud trong Bang 5 cho tbay cac bie'n ddc
Idp khdng ed bidn tUdng tddng quan chat hay da
cdng tuyd'n bdi be sd'VIF< 10. Do vay, cae bid'n
du dieu kien de ddnh gid tac ddng ldi mdc dp
hai long cua ngddi dan, Dong thdi, ke't qua trong
bang cijng ehi ra, mdc do hai Idng eua ngUdi dan
chiu tac ddng cd y nghTa tbd'ng ke cua cae bie'n
la bie'n: Thunhap, hocvan, QH, CSHT, CSVC,
CSHT, VYG, CQ. Ye'u to gidi tinb, dp tuoi
khdng cd tac ddng cd y nghTa thd'ng ke tdi bid'n
hai long.

cdng khat khe hdn ttong viec danh gid va mdc hdi
Idng cung giam di.
Trinh dp hpc va'n (Hocvan) eua ngddi dan lai
cd dnh bddng ticb cdc tdi mdc dd hai long, d mdc
y nghia thd'ng ke 95%, hpc va'n cua ngUdi dan
dUdc tdng Idn 1 bdc, thi sU hai Idng vl chUdng
trinb xay dUng ndng thdn lai cang cao. Dilu nay
ebo thay, cang ed trinh do hpc va'n cao, cdng hieu
rd ve ndi dung, y nghTa ciia chUdng trinh cung nbU
cdc vd'n dl gap phai kbi triin khai chUdng trinh
xay ddng ndng thdn cua cbinh quyen, chinh vl

Bdng 5. Ket qud hdi quy

Mo hinh

H6 so hoi quy
Idiong chuan hoa

H$ so hoi quy
chuan hoa

B

DQ i$ch chuan

(Constant)

.036

.221

Thong i^e da cOng tuy^n
T

Sig.

163

.870

Beta

D$ chsTp nh3n cija bien

VIF

1.689

QH

.152

.034

.198

4.423

.000

.372

CSHT

.152

.036

.124

4.266

.000

.878

1 139

CSVC

.321

.038

.355

8.344

.000

.413

1.420

VYG

.081

.024

.097

3 317

.001

.874

1.145

CQ

.248

.033

.327

7.608

.000

.404

1473

Tuoi

.001

.017

.002

.059

.953

805

1.242

1

Gioitinh

-.028

.035

-.022

-.784

.434

.958

1.044

Thunhap

-.049

.020

-.069

-2.445

.016

.936

1.069

Hocvan

.046

.022

057

2.067

.040

.986

1.014

Nguon: Tinh todn cua tdc gid vdi sU tra giup cua phan mem SPSS 22
Thu nhap (Thunhap) dddc tim tha'y la ed anb
hddng ed y nghTa thd'ng ke tdi mdc dp hdi long
cua ngUdi dan khu vUe ndng thdn tinh Thai
Nguydn vl chUdng trinh XDNTM. Kd't qua cho
tha'y tai mdc y nghia 95%, nd'u thu nhdp cua
ngUdi ddn tdng Idn 1 ddn vi, mdc dd hai Idng vl
chddng trinh giam di 0,069 ddn vi, Dieu nay ed
the dddc giai thich la ngddi dan cang cd tbu nhap
cao, thi ydu cau ve cha't lddng cudc sd'ng, ed sd
vat chd't, hd sinh thdi mdi trddng cang cad, vi vdy

vdy mdc dp cam thdng cung cao hdn va mdc dd
hai Idng ciing Idn hdn,
Nhan td quy hoach (QH), ddnh gid ve cdng tdc
quy hoach cung gdp phan tao len sd hdi long cua
ngddi dan, khi cdng tdc quy hoach tang chd't lUdng
len 1 ddn vi, mdc do hai long cua ngddi ddn cung
tang 0,198 ddn vi vdi mdc y nghia tbd'ng kd 99%,
Nhdn to cd sd ha tang (CSHT), kd't qua xdy
ddng cd sd ha tang cang dap dng dddc nhu eau di
lai, san xud't cua ngddi ddn thi mdc dd bai Idng
S o 4 - T h a n g 3/2019

45


TAP CHI CONG IHIfdNG

cdng tang, cu tbi la vdi mdc ^ ngbia tbd'ng kd
99%, chd't lupng CSHT tdng Idn 1 ddn vi, mdc dp
bai long cua ngddi dan tang 0,124 ddn vi.
Nhdn to cd sd vat chd't (CSVC), cha't lddng, sd
lddng cae ed sd vat cha't dat chuan cang cad tbi
mdc dp hai Idng cua ngUdi dan cang cao vd trong
nghidn edu nay ye'u td' ed sd vdl ebd't cd tac ddng
Idn nha't tdi mdc dp hai Idng cua ngUdi ddn, vdi
he sd' be ta la 0,327 tai mdc y nghTa tbd'ng
kd 99%.
Nhdn td' chinh quyln la ye'u td' cd dnh budng
Idn thd hai tdi ke't qud hai long cua ngddi dan vdi
he sd' be ta Id 0,327, cbinb quyln boat ddng td't,
cd trdch nhiem, thdn thien gan gui ngUdi ddn thi
mdc dp hai Idng vdi chddng trinb cdng cao.
Nhan td'ke't qud van hda, y te', gido due cang
dUde eai thien thi cang 1dm eho ngUdi dan bai
Idng vdi cbUdng trinh. Mdc dp cdi tbidnetia nbdm
van hda, y te' gido due Idn 1 ddn vj tbi mdc hai
long tang ddn vi.
Dua trdn kd't qua hdi quy, pbUdng trinb the
bien mdc dp bai idng cua ngddi ddn khu vUc ndng
thdn tien dia ban tinb Thai Nguyen dUde xdc dinb
nhu sau:
Hailong = 0,198.QH + 0,124,CSHT
+ 0,355.CSVC + 0,097 .VYG + 0.327.CQ
- 0,069.Tbunhap + 0,057.Hocvan
Trong dd, kd't qua khao sdt cac mdc ddnh gid
eua ngddi ddn nhu ve ebinb quyen cd gia tri thd'p
nha't d mdc 3,39 diem, tid'p dd'n Id hai nhan td'quy

hoach va cd sd vat chd't gido due la 3,62 dilm,
kd't qua ddnh gia cua ngddi dan ve mdc dp cai
thidn van hda, y te', gido due la 3,9 diem va ye'u
td'cdsd ba tang Id 4,1 dilm chid'm vi tri cao nhd't
trong ddnh gid cua ngddi ddn. Ke't qud nay cho
tha'y cac mdc ddnh gia cua ngddi dan cdn tha'p
vl cdc lieu ehi nay, dac bidt la danh gia vl thdi
dp, trdch nbidm, nang !uc cua can bd
cbinb quyln
5. Ke't luSn va khuyd'n nghi
XDNTM muc tidu vl sU phdt trien cua ndng
thdn ndi chung, vl muc tieu cdi thidn ddi sd'ng cho
ngudi ddn khu vUe ndng thdn ndi ridng, vl vay
nghien edu ddnh gia eua ngUdi ddn khu vUe ndng
thdn ve chUdng trinh XDNTM id can thie't,
PhUdng phap phan tich nhdn td' de xac dinh va
kiem dinh cdc nhdn td' cd kba nang anb hddng

46

So4-Thang 3/2019

dd'n mdc dd bdi Idng eua ngddi ddn vd phddng
phdp hdi quy tuyd'n tinh d l xac dinb mdc dd anh
hddng cua cdc nhdn td' de'n cam nhdn nay eua
ngudi dan dUdc sd dung trong nghidn edu nay.
Kd't qua Udc lUdng td md hlnb cho tha'y, ke't qua
sU hai long cua ngUdi dan chiu dnh bddng bdi yeu
td'gidi tinh, trinh dp giao due va sdeam nhdn eua
ngddi dan ve ke't qua cdng tac quy hoach, ve cd

sd ha tang, ket qud xay dUng cd sd vat ebd't, kd't
qua vl van hda y Id' giao due va ddnh gia ve
cbinb quyln trong tbUe hidn trien khai cdng lac
XDNTM.
Kd't qua Id nghien edu nay da cbi ra can phai ed
nhdng thay doi trong cdng tdc XDNTM hien nay.
Ndng cao trdch nhiem, ndng luc, thdi do phuc
vu cua cdn bd ehinh quyin cdc cdp trong trien
khai chuong trinh XDNTM. Kd't qua ddnh gia ve
boat ddng eua chinh quyln d mdc 3,39 diem cho
tha'y ngddi ddn chUa tilde sd hdi long vdi sd the
hien cua can bd cbinh quyln. Nbilu ndi, tinh
trang triin khai XDNTM cdn mang tinh hinh
tbdc, cdn bd chda thuc sd di sdu di sdt vdi chddng
trinh. Nhieu thdng tin chua dd'n hoac cdn map md
khdng rd rang vdi ngUdi ddn, vi vdy van cdn tinh
trang ngddi dan md't nilm tin vdi cdn bd
cbinh quyen.
Cdng tdc quy hoach cdn gdn vdi muc tieuphdt
trien kinh te xd hoi mot cdch ben vCtng dong thdi
cdn Idy ^ kii'n ngUdi ddn trong cong tdc quy hoach
XDNTM. Hidn nay tinh trang quy hoach chi cdn
bd mdi bie't, ngUdi dan khdng nam dddc va it
dddc Id'y y kie'n didn ra hd't sdc pho bid'n, Nhieu
du an xdy dUng khu dd tbi Id'y dd't cua dan, khdng
cd boat ddng la'y y kid'n irudc khi xay ddng dd
an, anh budng Idn de'n sinh ke cuangUdiddndac
biet Id ngUdi ndng dan, khid'n ddi sd'ng ngddi
ndng dan bd'p bdnh md't dd't, md't nghe, da't ndng
nghiep dddc sd dung eho cdc muc dich cdng

nghidp va do thi khid'n ebo mdi trudng sd'ng khu
v\ic ndng thdn ngay cang bi suy tbodi.
Ifu tiin ddu tuxdy dung trudng hoc, ca sdy te
d l phuc vu nhu edu eho ngUdi dan khu vdc ndng
thdn, dac bidt la khu vUc miln nui viing sdu vung
xa di lai cdn gap nbilu khd khan, ty Id mu chd va
tdi mu chd cao, nhu eau kham chda bdnh Idn
nhung cd sd y te it vd phdn bd' xa ndi sinh boat
eua ngddi ddn •


KINH TE

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO:
/. Bd Nong nghiSp vd Phdt trien nong than (2017), 'Bdo cdo ket qud tong dieu tra nong nghiep vd thiiy sdn ndm
2016', Nhd xud't bdn Thd'ng ke.
2. Hair &ctg (1998), Multivariate Data Analysis, Prennce-Hall International, Inc.
Sd Nong nghiep vd Phdt trien nong thdn (201S), 'Bdo cdo ke't qud thuc hien chuong trinh MTQG XDNTM 02 nam
(2016-2017) vd ke hoach ihUc hien 03 ndm (2018-2020) vd nam 2018.

Ngay nhan bai: 5/2/2019
Ngay phan bien danh gia va su'a chu'a: 15/2/2019
Ngay chap nh§n dang bai: 25/2/2019
Thong tin tdc gid:
NCS HO CHI DIEN
Cdng tyCP Ngan Stfn

FACTORS IMPACTING THE SATISFACTION
OF PEOPLE ABOUT THE NEW RURAL DEVELOPMENT
IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE

• Ph,D student HO CHI DIEN
Ngan Son Joint Stock Company
ABSTRACT:
The study is lo identify factors affecting the satisfaction level of people living in rural areas of
Thai Nguyen Province. Ten people and staff hving in rural areas of Thai Nguyen Province v/ere
interviewed with the quaUtative method and 300 other people were surveyed. By using
exploratory factors analysis method and linear regression method, the study finds empirical
evidences that demonstrate the impact of some factors, such as income, education level and
government on the satisfaction of people about the new rural development program. This study
also proposes a number of recommendations related to this issue according to the smdy' s results.
Keywords: New rural development, evaluation, people. Thai Nguyen Province.

So 4 - T h a n g 3/2019

47