Thực trạng nguồn nhân lực logistics ở việt nam

qUAN TRj-QUANLY

THUC TRANG NGUON NHAN LUC
LOGICTICS D VIET NAM
• LE TH! KHANH NHU - D 6 TH! THANH LAN

T6MT1T:
Trong nhiJng nam gan day, ciing vdi siT phdt trien cua cac nganh nghe trong nen Idnh te,
nganh Dich vu logistics Vidt Nam da c6 nhffng bifdc phat trien vi/dt bac va tiem nSng tang
tnrdng to Idn. Chi sd'nSng liTc hoat dong logistics - LPI (Logistics Performance Index) 2018 cua
Viet Nam du'dc Ngan hang The gidi cong bo' trong bao cao thang 07 nam 2018, theo dd Viet
Nam dUdc xe'p hang 39/160 nifdc tham gia dilu tra, tang 25 bSc so vdi x^p hang n5m 2016
(64/160). DSy IS k6't qu^ cua nhiJng chinh sdch, chien Iifdc diing d^n va kip thdi ci3a Nha ntfdc,
ciing vdi srf nd hie khong ngiJng ciaa cac doanh nghiep nganh Dich vu logistics ViSt Nam.
Tuf khoa: Ngu6n nhSn liJc, nganh dich vu logistics.

l.D^tvS'ndl
Nguon nhan liJc ngdnh Logistics - mpt y6'u to'
cot loi gdp phan vao sif phdt trid'n cija nganh, dang
phai do'i mat vdi nhilu van de nhif thie'u ve so'
lifdng nhdn siJ, ye'u ve chd't lifdng chuyen mon,
cac cd hpi phat trien trong ngdnh mpi each binh
dang va bin viJng. Chinh vl vay, viec danh gid
thiJc trang nguon nhdn life logistics mot each tong
thi, day du phan anh chinh xac tinh hinh thiJc td'
thi trtfdng lao dpng va viec dl ra cac chid'n lifdc
phat trien ben vffng nguin nhan liJc ngdnh
logistics Viet Nam dang la ydu cau ca'p thid't trong
giai doan hien nay.
2. Thii'c trgng ngudn nhSn li^c logistics d
Vi$t Nam hi$n nay

2.L Cong tdc tuyen dung nhdn vien logistics
cua doanh nghidp
Thie'u hut nhdn siJ la mpt trong ba va'n dc gay
kho khan cho cdc cong ty logistics trong hoal dpng
kinh doanh cua minh. Theo cong bo cua Sdch
trd'ng Logistics Vidt Nam 2018 (VLA), hien nay.

nganh Dich vu logistics Viet Nam c6 khodng
4.000 doanh nghiep hoat dong chuydn nghidp,
trong do 54% so' doanh nghiep tap trung tren dia
ban thanh pho' Ho Chi Minh, nhu cau ve nguon
nhan SLT logistics Id rat Idn. Du" bao de'n nam 2030,
nhu cau nhan life ehuyen nghidp cho todn nganh la
200.000 nhan sif, trong khi kha nang dap u'ng nhu
cau nhan sif chi dat khoang 10%, mot con so' vo
ciing khiem ton.
Ngoai ra, xu the' hien nay eac doanh nghiep
1dm dich vu logistics van trap trung nhieu vao
mang dich vu giao nhan vd khai bdo hai quan. Tuy
nhien, can lifu y la vdi viec dp dung thong quan nJ
dpng 100% qua he thong VNACCS/VCIS, trong
tifdng lai vide tuyen dung nhdn vidn d vi tri thong
quan hang hda cd the se giam va Ihay vao do la sU
gia tang nhu cau tuyen dung vi tri cong viec phii
hdp xu thd' phat trien mot so' ITnh vyc dich vu
logistics mdi nhif nhan vien thifdng mai dien tii',
nhan vidn dieu pho'i ddn hang chdng cud'i (last
mile dilivery).
So 16-Thang 7/2020 145

TAP CHi CONG THlTtfNG

2.2. Cdng tdc ddo tao nhan vien logistics cda
doanh nghifp
Va'n de dao tao thifdng xuyen, dao tao ngan han
cho nhan vidn trong doanh nghidp ngay cang difdc
ehu trpng, bdi le cdc khda hpe ehinh la ed hpi de
nhdn siJ cua doanh nghiep difdc cap nhdt, trao d6i
va chia se kie'n thu'c chuyen nganh cung nhif kinh
nghiem lam vide. Do dd, cdc doanh nghiep chu
trpng dao tao npi bp (chiem 37,1% tren tong so tra
ldi), cif di hpc ngan han va cae khoa dao tao ben
ngoai chie'm tren 27% trong t6ng so tra ldi. Sau khi
tuyen dung, thdi gian dao tao lai nhdn vien logistics
cua doanh nghidp thu'dng chie'm tiJ 6-8 tuan vdi ty
Id tren 37% trong tong so tra ldi, difdi 4 tuan la 27%
trdn t6ng so tra ldi, ddo tao lai trong 3 thdng chie'm
ty trpng 17% trong tdng so'tra ldi va tif 4 thang trd
Idn Id khodng tren 15% trong tdng so' tra Idi. Cdc
doanh nghiep cung cho bidt sau khi tuyen dung,
doanh nghiep cd tien hanh dao tao hpi nhap, dao
tao ve cdng viec trong qua tiinh lam vide van tie'p
tuc dao lao, boi du!dng nhan vidn, cd nhu" vay mdi
d^m hao chat lu'dng eua nhdn vidn logistics. Dieu
ndy cho tha'y cac tnfdng cd ed hpi cung cap cdc
khda dao tao ngan han (difudi 8 tuan) cho nhan
vien mdi, hoac nhan vien hien dang lam tai cac
cdngty logistics.
2.3. Tinh hinh lidfng cho nhdn vien logistics

trong doanh nghidp
Vd'n dl lifdng thu'dng dd'i vdi cac vi tri cdng viec
dtfdc cac u'ng vidn tuyen dung quan tdm hdng dau,
ben canh vi tri cong vide va dilu Iddn Idm vide
cung nhif yeu cau cua vide eua nhd tuye'n dung. Dd'i
vdi nganh Logistics, cac vi tri cong viec rat da dang
vii phong phu, tiJ ede vi tri edng viec nhan vien van
hdnh kho, nhdn vien giao nhan, thifdng vu, nhan
vien ldi xe tai, xe nang, den nhdn vidn khai bao hai
quan, dieu pho'i vSn tdi,... Dd'i vdi nhan vien
logistics mdi vao nghi, miJc lifdng tif 5 den difdi 7
tridu dong/ngifdi/thang. Do'i vdi nhdn sif cd kmh
nghidm trdn 3 nam, miJc lu'dng co stf gia tang dang
ke. Idn mtfc 11 uieu dong/ ngtfdi/ thdng va mpt so'
vi tri dat hdn 15 trieu dong/ ngtfdi/thdng (nhan vien
kho. \cp dd hang, hai quan va lai xe tai), bdi vdi
kinh nghidm dtfde tich luy. nhdn stf logistics da cd
nhifng ddng gop nha't dinh vdo thanh cdng va stf
phat trien chung eua doanh nghiep.
146 So 16^ Thang 7/2020

2.4. Bdc tranh tiAfng lai ve nghe nghidp
logistics
Thtfc te eho tha'y, stf khac bidt ve muc tieu thifc
tdp va nhdn thtfc tap chinh Id rao can Idn trong
viec td chiJc thifc hien thtfc tap tai doanh nghiep.
Qua phan dnh ttf eac doanh nghiep, phan Idn sinh
vien khi den dl nghi ditac thtfc tap dIu rat quan
lam vide doanh nghiep cd sdn sdng cung ca'p &6
lieu thtfc te' de sinh vien dtfa vao bao cao thtfc tdp

hay khdng, vi ddy la mpt ydu cau rd't quan trpng tCf
phia ed sd ddo tao, nham dam bao viec sinh vidn
ed tie'p can thtfc te' doanh nghiep. Trong khi dd, ve
phia doanh nghiep, mdc dii rat san sang tiep nhdn
sinh vien thtfc tap, nhiftig vi bi mat kinh doanh,
vide cung ca'psd' lieu thtfc td' se phai han che,
nenddy ehinh la rdo can cua doanh nghidp trong
khi hd trd sinh vien. Ngodi ra, vdi bd'i canh hdn
90% doanh nghidp logistics Vidt Nam la doanh
nghidp vtfa va nhd, thdm chi la sieu nhd, vide cho
ehinh nhdn stf trtfe tie'p htfdng ddn sinh vidn theo
quy trinh bdi ban se thtfc stf gay ra ap life cdng
viec eho ehinh nhdn stf htfdng ddn. Tuy nhien, van
cd rat nhieu doanh nghidp thdm chi cd xdy difng
kd' hoach tiep nhan thtfc tap vd bd' tri nhdn stf phu
trach cong tdc thtfc tap. Ke't qua khao sat cho thd'y
cd khoang 12% trdn tdng s6' tra ldi cho bie't khdng
gap khd khan gi khi tie'p nhdn sinh vien thifc tap
tai doanh nghiep minh.
3. MOt s6' giai phap phat tri^n nguin nhdn
Itfc cho nganh Logistics of Vidt Nam
3.L Cong tdc tuyen dung
De nang cao tinh hieu qua trong cdng tde tuyIn
dung nhan stf, viec can lam ngay Id phai cd nhiJng
dtf bao phii hdp ve xu htfdng phat trien cua ngdnh
dich vu logistics, xac dmh nhu cau tuyen dung cua
doanh nghidp. Dieu nay khdng chi giiip eho doanh
nghiep logistics ddnh gia dtfdc tinh hinh nhdn stf
trong doanh nghidp ma con giiip cac cd sd ddo tao
cd cdn ctf tuyen sinh va dao tao sinh vien ddp tfng

dtfdc thi trtfdng lao ddng. Dd' dat dtfdc kd't qud khi
quan, doanh nghidp vd ed sd ddo tao phai ed mdi
quan he hdp tac chinh thdng, dtfdc thtfa nhan, gin
chat quyin ldi va trach nhidm cua hai bdn trong
vide xac dinh cdc chtfdng trinh hdp tdc giila hai
ben, va'n de htfdng nghidp cho sinh vien, cam kd't
hd trd thtfc tap vd viec Idm cho smh vien sau khi


QUANlRI-QUANir

tdt nghiep cua doanh nghidp. Ngtfdc lai, cd sd
gido due cung phai dam bao ty le thdi gian doanh
nghidp tham gia vao edng tdc dao lao Irong nha
trtfdng, gdp phan giam bdt thdi gian va chi phi ddo
tao lai cua doanh nghiep khi tuyen dung.
3.2. Cdng tdc ddo tao
Thtfc te' cho thay, Chinh phu vd Nhd ntfdc ra't
quan tam de'n cdng tac ddo tao ngudn nhdn Itfc
logistics, thd hidn qua ban hanh cae chinh sach.
Trong dd, ndi bat Id Quye't dinh sd 200/QD-TTg
cua Thu ttfdng Chinh phu, da de ra 6 nhdm nhiem
vu, trong do ed nhiem vu "dao tao, nang cao nhdn
thtfc vd cha't Itfdng ngudn nhan life" chii trpng vao
day manh dao tao logistics d bde Dai hpc, ndng
cao sd Itfdng va chd't Itfdng giang vidn vl logistics
vd kd't ndi cac td chtfc ddo tao, doanh ngiiiep
logistics Vidt Nam vdi eac td chiJc dao tao ntfdc
ngoai. Thdng ttf sd 24/2017/TT-BGDDT ngdy
10/10/2017 da ban hdnh danh muc gido due, dao

tao cd'p IV trinh dd dai hpc, trong dd cd md nganh
ddo tao logistics. Thdng ttf sd 06/2019/TTBLDTBXH bd sung nganh, nghe dao tao vao
danh muc ngdnh, nghi ddo lao cd'p IV trinh dp
tmng cap, trinh dp cao ddng ban hdnh kem theo
Thdng ttf sd 04/2017/TT-BLDTBXH ngay 02
thang 03 nam 2017.
Ben canh dd, trong bdi canh ngudn life ddo tao
cdn thid'u (dpi ngii giang vidn tai cdc trtfdng, nhdn
sif htfdng dan thtfc tap tai doanh nghiep) vd chi tap
trung d cae thdnh phd' Idn, trong khi nhu cau dtfdc
hpc tap va dao tao phd bien tren dia ban ca ntfdc.
Do dd, ra't can cd stf quan tdm cia Nha ntfdc nham
d^u ttf xdy dtfng nen tang trtfe tuye'n ddo tao
logistics (E-plalform) Id ndi chia se tai lieu hpc
tdp, gidng day, mang Itfdi ke't nd'i giang vien vd
ngtfdi hpc, e-leaming, ket nd'i ed sd dao tao va
doanh nghiep tuye'n dung theo diing xu the' cua
nIn kinh td'chia se (sharing economy).
3.3. GiSchdn nguon nhdn Idc logistics
Gidi phap ve duy tri ngudn nhan Itfc logistics
gan lien vdi vd'n dl Itfdng thtfdng vd che' dp dai
ngo nhan vidn. Theo do, doanh nghidp can tdng
mtfc Itfdng tdi thieu theo gia thj trtfdng vd tham
khao theo quy djnh eua Nhd ntfdc theo so' nam
co'ng hid'n va kinh nghiem lam viec cua nhan
vien. Song song dd, doanh nghiep cln dap tfng cac

phuc ldi tdt nha't cho cdc nhan vien theo Luat Lao
ddng. Viee xet tang ludng hdng nam ndn tie'n
hdnh theo kd't qua kinh doanh vd KPI eua nhan

vien cung nhtf duy tri thtfdng thang Itfdng thtf 13.
Vide thtfdng kjp thdi theo thang, quy, hoac nhtfng
ket qua khac qua nang sud't lam vide va cac sang
kie'n - giai phap lam ldi cho doanh nghidp gdp
phdn thiic day stf htfng khdi Idm viec va sang tao
cua nhan vidn.
3.4. Cdi thifn ndng lUc cua nhdn Idc logistics
trong xu the cdch mang cong nghidp 4.0
De cai thidn nang Itfc cua nhan lufc logistics
trong xu the' each mang cdng nghidp 4.0, can tdp
trung vao 5 nhdm giai phdp Idn:
Mot la, nha trtfdng ky ke't hdp ddng chie'n Itfdc
vdi cde doanh nghiep logistics de phat trie'n ngudn
nhan life, dac biet la nhan Itfc chat Itfdng cao trong
bd'i canh hien nay da cd them nhtfng tieu chi, dieu
kien rang bupe bdi ddi hdi stf ddi mdi trong cdng
tac ddo tao, nham nang cao cha'l Itfdng dau ra dap
tfng yeu eau doanh nghidp.
Hai la, can day manh edng tdc dtf bdo nhu cau
thi trtfdng nhdn Itfc trong ttfdng lai gan va xa hdn.
Ddy Id npi dung can dtfdc dac biet quan tam, bdi
cudc each mang cdng nghiep 4.0 se cd tac dpng
ra't Idn tdi cd ed'u cua nln kinh te', kha nang suy
giam, tham ehi bie'n md't cua nhieu nganh nghe
ciing nhtf stf xuat hien mdi cua nhffng ngdnh nghe
trong ttfdng lai ia hoan loan cd the' xay ra, dieu
nay se ddn tdi nhffng thay ddi ra't Idn trong cd cdu
vide lam.
Ba Id, stf ke't hdp eua 3 "Nhd": Nha trtfdng Nha khoa hpc - Nha doanh nghidp trong dao tao
nhdn Itfc phue vu cdch mang cdng nghiep 4.0 can

dtfa tren nguyen tac trach nhidm - chia se ciing
phdt trien binh ddng va ben vffng.
Bon Id, nang cao nhan thtfc cua xa hdi ve dao
tao nghe, mdt trong nhifng giai phdp then chdt la
cdng tac truyen thdng, quang ba hinh anh ve giao
due nghi nghiep nham thay ddi nhan thtfc xa hdi
tao stfc hut, stfc ha'p ddn cua he thd'ng giao due
nghe nghidp dd'i vdi ngtfdi dan, doanh nghidp va
xa hpi.
Ndm Id, ngtfdi hpc phai ehu dpng trong viec Itfa
chon nghe nghidp va tich etfc hpc tap, ren luyen ky
nang, dac biet la ky nang giao lie'p va ngoai ngff.

So 16-Thdng 7/2020 147


lAP CHi CONG THlfdNG

4. Ket lu§n
Vdi xu the phat trien cua nganh Logistics va
thdi dai ciia cSch mang cong nghiep 4.0, cac dich
vii logistics mdi gia tang, doi hoi cao hdn yeu cau
ve nhan lUc chd't lifdng va sang tao. Vi vay, Hiep
hpi Doanh nghiep dich vu logistics Vi6t Nam,
Ban TtJ van dao tao nganh Logistics va Tong ctic

Gido due nghi nghiep can ban hanh cac yeu cau
ve tieu chu^n nghe, tieu chu^n ky ning nghe.
Vdi stf k6't hdp doanh nghiep va nha tn/dng, cdc
tieu chuan nghe, tieu chuan ky nang nghe can

diTdc xdy dt/ng phu hdp, cap nhdt dinh ky va ddp
i]*ng nhu cau nhan li/c cija ngdnh Logistics
Vigt Nam •

TAI LIEU THAIVl KHAO:
1. Dang Dinh Bdo (2018). Gido trinh qudn tri Logistics. Nha xuat ban Tai chinh.
2. Walter L. Wallace, Yusen L. Xia (2014), Delivering Customer Value through Procurement and Strategic
Sourcing: A Professional Guide to Creating A Sustainable Supply Network. Pearson FT Press.
3. Suman Sarkar (2017). The Supply Chain Revolution. Amacom.
Ngay nhSn bai: 4/6/2020
Ngay phan bi$n danh gia va sii'a chiJa: 14/6/2020
Ngay chSfp nhan dang bai: 24/6/2020
Thdng tin tdc gid:
1. ThS. LE THI KHANH NHlf
2. ThS. D 6 T H I THANH LAN
TriTcfng Cao dang Cong Thi/(ftig mien Trung

THE STATUS QUO OF THE HUMAN RESOURCES
FOR VIETNAM'S LOGISTICS INDUSTRY
• Master. LE THI KHANH NHU
• Master. DO THI THANH LAN
Mien Trung Industry and Trade College
ABSTRACT:
Along the growth of Vietnam's industry sectors, the country's logistics industry has made
dramatic progresses in recent years with great growth potential. According to the Word
Bank's Logistics Performance Index (LPI) pubUshed in July 2018, Vietnam jumped 25 spots
in the index, ranking 39th among 160 countries. This achievement is thanks to the timely and
effective policies and strategies of the Government of Viemam as well as persistent efforts of
Vietnam's logistics enterprises.
Keywords: Human resources, logistics industry.

148 So 16-Thang 7/2020