ảnh hưởng của cách mạng công nghiệp lần thứ tư đến công cuộc xây dựng chủ nghĩa xã hội ở việt nam

TRltT HOC, S6 9 (316), T H A N G 9 - 2017

ANH HUCJNG CUA CACH MANG CONG NGHlfiP LAN THll TU
DfiN CQNG CUOC X A Y DUNG CHU NGHIA XA HDI 6 VIET NAM
Vfl Thi Kiiu Phirong *
' Tien si, Vi?n Triet hgc, Vi^n Hin ISm Khoa hgc xi hgi Vi?t Nam.
Email:
Nh§n ngiy 4 thing 7 nim 2017. Ch^p nhgn ding ngiy 4 thing 9 nim 2017.
Tom tat: Cach m^ng cdng nghifp ldn thft tu la xu thi phdt trien ciia thdi dgi ngay nay vd cijng la
ca hpi quy gia co thi giup Vift Nam sdm dgt muc tiSu "trd thanh mft nude cdng nghifp hifn dgi"
theo dinh hudng xd hOi chii nghia. Dong thdi, cuOc each mgng nay eung dem lai nhihig thach thftc
CO the khien cho cdng cuOc xay dyng chu nghla xa hOi d Vift Nam dien ra lau dai han. De lam ro
nhiing anh hudng do, bai viet phdn tich hai nOi dung; 7?ia nhdt, each mgng cdng nghifp lan thft tu
tgo thdi ca cho cdng cupe xay dyng chu nghTa xa hpi d Vift Nam; thu hai, each mgng cdng nghifp
ldn thft tu dgt ra thach thftc cho eong cuOc xdy dyng ehii nghTa xa hOi d Vift Nam. Theo ban ch^t
va d|c diim cua euOe each mang edng nghifp l4n thft tu, sy phdn tich vi thdi ca vd thach thftc tdp
trung vao cac vdn di: Trinh dp phat trien cua lye lugng san xult va eua edch thiic san xudt, sy phat
ttien cua xa hOi va quan ly sy phat ttien ciia xd hOi.
Tu kboa: Caeh mgng cdng nghipp lan thft tu, chii nghia xa hOi, Iftc lugng san xuat, each thuc
san xuat.
/T^ uOc each mgng cdng nghidp lan thft tu
dugc khdi xudng tft nude Due vao dau
vL/ thdp nidn thft hai cua thd ky XXI. CuOc
each mang cdng nghifp lan thft tu Id "xu
hudng phat triin dua trdn nen tang tich hgp
cao dp cfta hf thdng kdt ndi so hoa - vdt I;^ sinh hpc vdi sy dOt phd cfta Intemet vgn vdt
va Tri tuf nhan tgo" [5, tt.I]. Ban chdt cfta
cuOc each mang nay la "dya trdn ndn tang
cdng nghf sd va tich hgp tat cd cae cdng
nghf thdng minh" [6, tt.6] nhdm tdi uu hda
quy trinh va cdeh thftc san xudt, dan ddn

thay ddi can bdn nin san xult cua the gidi.
Ndu dgc diim cfta cuOc cdeh mgng cdng
nghipp ldn thft nhdt Id dya ttdn ndng lugng
hai nude, cuOc edch mgng cdng nghifp lan

thft hai la dya trdn ndng lugng difn, cuOc
each mgng edng nghidp lan thft ba Id dya
tten cdng nghf difn tft va cdng nghf thdng
tin, thi ddc didm cfta cupe each mang cdng
nghifp ldn thft tu Id "tgn dyng mOt cdeh
tript dd sftc mgnh lan tda cfta so hda vd cdng
nghp thdng tin" [5, tt.I]. CuOc cdeh mgng
cdng nghidp ldn thft tu dang diln ra vdi t6c
do khdc nhau d moi qu6c gia, nhung dnh
hudng ciia nd ngdy cdng gia tdng tdi mpi
mdt ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, nhdt Id "ddn vifc
thay d6i phuong thftc vd lyc lugng sdn xudt
cuaxdhOi" [5, tt.I].
Vdi ban chdt vd dde didm dd, cuOc cdeh
mgng cdng nghifp ldn thft tu dugc nhan
dinh Id se cd nhttng dnh hudng rdt dang k i
35


ANH HUCJNG CUA CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP LAN T ddn cdng cude xay dung chft nghia xd hdi d
Vift Nam. Vi the, ngay sau cac Dien dan
kinh td thd gidi vd cugc cdeh mgng edng
nghidp Idn thft 4 ttong nam 2016, Chinh
phft Viet Nam dd ra Nghi quyit so 103/NQCP Vi phiin hgp Chinh phu thudng ky
thdng 11 ndm 2016) vd Thft tudng Chinh

phu da ban hdnh Chi tiu so 16/CT-TTg Vi
viec tdng eudng ndng lire tiip cgn cuge
edeh mgng eong nghiep ldn tha lu. Gdp
phdn lam ro dnh hudng ciia edch mang cdng
nghiep ldn thu tu ddn cdng cuOe xdy dyng
chu nghia xa hOi d Viet Nam, bai viet phan
tieh hai npi dung: Mdl la, edch mang edng
nghidp lan thft tu tao thdi ca cho cdng cuOc
xay dyng chft nghia xa hOi d Vift Nam; hai
la, each mgng cdng nghidp ldn thft tu dat ra
tiiach thftc cho cdng cuOc xdy dung chft
nghia xa hOi d Vift Nam. Dya ttdn bdn chat
vd ddc diim ciia cude each mang ndy, sy
phdn tieh v i thdi ca vd thdch thftc se tap
trung vdo cdc vdn dd: Trinh dp phdt tridn
cfta lyc lugng sdn xudt va cfta each thftc sdn
xuat, su phat trien cfta xd hOi vd quan ly su
phdt tridn cua xd hOi.

vi do Id ea hOi quy gia de Vift Nam cd thd
nhanh chdng phdt trien trinh dO cua lyc
lupng sdn xuat, xdy dung vd hoan thidn
phuong thftc sdn xudt xS hOi chft nghia.
Bdi, sy cdeh mang ve tu lifu lao dOng sd
dan din sy edch mgng vd trinh dp cfta lyc
lugng sdn xuat va cdeh thftc sdn xudt. Nhu
C.Mac da chi ra, trinh dp phdt tridn "cfta lyc
lugng san xudt cfta mdt ddn tdc bidu 10 ra ro
nhdt d trinh dO phdt tridn cua sy phdn cdng
lao dOng" [3, tt.30], ma moi giai doan cua

phan cdng lao dOng lgi "quy djnh nhung
quan hf gitta cd nhan vdi nhau, tfty theo
quan hf eua hg vdi tu lifu lao dOng, cdng
cy lao dOng va sdn phdm lao dOng" [3,
tt.31]. Vd rdng, chinh vide "cdi cdeh cae tu
lifu san xudt" [4, tt.673] (Id cai bidu hifn ra
cua tu lieu lao dOng va ddi tugng lao dOng
[4, tt.27I]) se d§n din lam thay doi each
thftc sdn xuat.

Lich sft nhdn logi da cho thay, qua moi
cupe each mgng cdng nghidp, tu lifu sdn
xuat, tihdt Id tu lifu lao dOng, lgi dugc cdi
tiin vd nhd do, sftc lao dOng ciia con ngudi
duge giai phdng thdm, hifu sudt lao dOng
1. Cach mang cdng nghifp lan thft tu* dugc nang cao, sdn phdm dugc lam ra nhidu
tao thdi ctf cho cdng cugc xdy dung chu hon va phye vy tdt han ddi sdng cua con
ngudi. Chdng han, vdi cuOc edch mang
nghia xa hpi d Vift Nam
Tha nhdt, edch mgng cdng nghiap ldn tha cdng nghidp liin thft nhdt, lao dOng thft cdng
tu tgo ihdi ca cho su phdt trien life lugng dd "dugc thay thd bdng ddng lyc hod nude
vd bdng cdng vifc cfta may mdc", nhd do
sdn xual vd cdeh thue sdn xudt d Viet Nam.
"mOt dua tte ldn tdm ciing san xudt dugc
Didn ra ttdn ca sd thdnh tyu cfta tat ca
nhiiu hon hai muoi dan dng ldn tudi trude
cac cupe each mang cdng nghifp trude do,
kia. Sau ttam ngdn cdng nhan cdng xudng,
vdi nhttng tu lieu lao dOng mdi, ddi tugng
trong sd ndy cd mdt nfta la tre em vd hon

lao dOng mdi vd cdng nghf mdi, cuOc each
mOt nfta la ntt, lam cdng vifc ciia mOt tram
mgng cdng nghipp lan thft tu hfta hen mang
ndm muoi trifu ngudi" [2, tt.844]. Cho ndn,
lai eho nhan Ioai co hOi phat tridn vugt bdc
diing nhu CMde khdng djnh, nhihig thdi
vd lyc lupng sdn xudt va each thftc sdn xudt.
dgi kinh t i khdc nhau "khdng phai d cho
Dieu ndy dgc bift cd y nghTa ddi vdi sy
chiing sdn xudt ra cdi gi, ma Id d cho chftng
nghifp xdy dyng chft nghTa xa hdi theo
san xudt bdng edch ndo, vdi nhiing tu lifu
quan diim phdt triin rut ngdn d Vift Nam,

36


v u THI KIEU PHUONG
lao dOng nao" [4, tt.269]. Trong sd cac tu
lieu lao dOng, "nhftng tu lifu lao dOng co
khi - ma todn bp cd thd ggi la hf thong
xuong cdt va bdp thit cfta sdn xudt - lgi cau
thanh nhftng ddu hieu d^c trung tidu bidu
cho mOt thdi dgi san xuat xa hdi nhat dinh"
[4, tt.270].
Trong cuOe each mgng cdng nghifp Idn
thft tu, cdc tu lieu sdn xuat dupe cdi each vd
nang len mOt ttinh dp phdt triin cao. Dieu
nay thd hidn d chd, tten ea sd "cac nhd mdy
dd sft dung mdt sd lugng ldn cdc thiit bi

thdng mmh" nhung cdn chft yeu dya vdo
cac hf thdng mgng cue bO "trong eac ddy
chuydn san xuat ty dOng cftng vdi cae hf
thdng phdn mem quan ly dd tdi uu quy trinh
san xuat" [6, tt.8] da cd tft cugc cdeh mgng
edng nghidp Ian thft ba, nhung tidn bd vugt
ttOi ciia cdng nghd thdng tin - truydn thdng
vd khoa hpc may tinh, nhu Intemet kit ndi
vgn vdt (loT), Intemet ciia cdc dich vy
(loS), didn todn dam may, cdng nghd thuc
te - do,... do cuOc edch mang cdng nghiep
ldn thft tu mang lai dugc dp dyng rOng rdi
se tgo nen tdng cho sy ra ddi cdc nhd mdy
thdng minh, cac nha may sd. Trong cac nhd
may ndy, "cdc thidt hi mdy moc thdng minh
giao tiep vdi nhau bang he thdng mgng vd
lien tyc chia se thdng tin vd lugng hdng
hifn tgi, ve sy cd hode loi, vd nhimg thay
ddi ttong don ddt hdng hode mfte dp nhu
cau. Qua trinh sdn xudt vd thdi hgn sdn xudt
duge phdi hgp vdi muc tidu tdng hifu sudt
va tdi uu hda thdi gian sdn xuat, cdng suat
vd chdt lugng sdn phdm trong cdc khdu phat
tridn, san xudt, tidp thi vd thu mua. Cdc cdm
biin, chdp hanh va didu khidn cho phep cac
mdy moc lidn kdt ddn nhd mdy, cac hf
thdng mgng khdc va giao tidp vdi con
ngudi" [6, tt.9]. Hon thi, cdc nha may nay
cdn cd sy ghdp ndi vdi hg tang cdc mgng

thdng minh khdc, nhu hp thdng dien thoai
thdng minh, nhd thdng minh, di chuyin
thdng minh, mang xd hdi,...
Khdng chi noi bdt vd khde bift vd tu lifu
lao dOng thdng minh, cude edch mgng edng
nghifp ldn thft tu cdn duge dde tnmg bdi
nhttng ddi tuong lao dgng mdi. Vdi cuOc
edch mgng edng nghifp ldn thft tu, nhidu
vat lieu mdi "nhe hon, bin han, cd thd tdi
chd vd dd thieh ftng", tham chi Id "cdc vdt
lifu thdng minh ty phyc hdi hoac ty lam
sgch, cdc kim logi cd khd ndng khdi phyc lgi
hinh dang ban ddu, gdm sft va pha Id bidn
ap luc thanh ndng lugng" va nhidu vat lifu
khac nfta dd, dang vd se duge dua ra thj
trudng. Cling vdi cdc tu lifu lao ddng thdng
minh, nhung ddi tupng lao dOng mdi ndy
ciing gop phan quan ttpng vdo vide ldm ndn
trinh do phat tridn mdi ciia lyc lugng sdn
xuat vd edeh thuc san xudt ttong lich sft
nhdn logi.
Vdi su each mgng vd tu lieu lao dOng,
ddi tugng lao dOng va cdng nghe nhu v|y,
cuOc cdeh mgng cdng nghidp Ian thft tu sd
tgo thdi ea quy gid dd Viet Nam cd thd nit
ngan thdi gian cai thifn vd phdt tridn trinh
dO cfta tyc Iupng sdn xudt vd thay ddi each
thftc sdn xudt. Nhdn dinh vd thdi ca ndy,
Chi thi vi viie tang eudng ndng lire tiip
can Cugc edch mgng eong nghiip ldn thu

tu chi rd: "Viet Nam Id qudc gia dang trong
qua tiinh cdng nghidp hda, hifn dai hda va
hpi nhgp qudc td, cuOc cdeh mang cdng
nghifp Ian thft tu md ra nhidu ca hpi ttong
vifc ndng cao trinh dO cdng nghf, ndng cao
nang luc sdn xudt vd canh tranh tiong ehuoi
sdn pham; tao ra sy thay ddi ldn vi hinh
thdi kinh doanh dich vu; tgo ra nhiiu co hpi
cho cac doanh nghifp khdi nghipp sang tao;
gidm dang kd chi phi giao dich, van chuydn;
tao CO hOi ddu tu hdp dan vd ddy tiim ndng
37


ANH HUCJNG CUA CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP L A N T].
trong ITnh vyc cdng nghf sd vd Intemet,
ddng thdi ciing Id ea hOi ldn cho sdn xudt
cdng nghifp vdi trinh dO khoa hpc vd cdng
nghd tidn tidn" [5,tr.l].
Thu hai, edch mgng edng nghiep ldn tha
tu tgo thdi ca eho su phdt trien xd hgi vd
qudn ly sir phdt trien xd hoi d Viit Nam.
Vdi nhung thanh tuu v i khoa hpc va
cdng nghf mdi, cuOc cdeh mang cdng
nghiep Idn tiift tu eiing tgo thdi co cho Viet
Nam hidn thyc hda hf muc tieu vd cdc ddc
tnmg [1, tt.70] cfta xd hdi xd hOi chft nghia "ddn giau, nude mgnh, ddn chft, cdng bang,
van minh" va "con ngudi cd cude song am
no, ty do, hgnh phftc, cd didu kidn phdt tridn
toan difn". Chdng ban, sy xuat hidn ciia

ngudi may ed tri thdng minh nhdn tao, cd
kha nang suy nghT vd hdnh ddng gdn gidng
con ngudi se ngay eang nhidu han, tham gia
vdo nhftng cdng vide phftc tap, tinh vi, cd
eudng do cao vd nguy hidm giup giam tai
va gidi phong sftc lao dOng cfta con ngudi,
nhu cae cdng vide d bdnh vidn, nha may,
edng trudng xay dung, v.v.. Dft Vift Nam
chua ty san xudt ra dugc nhttng ngudi mdy
thdng minh nhu the, nhung cd thd nhdp
khau san phdm ndy tft cac nude khdc nhdm
phue vu tdt hon ddi sdng vat chdt va tmh
than cfta ngudi ddn ttong nude. Bdn canh
do, vdi chinh sach nhgp khdu lao dOng cd
chat lugng cao ttong mpt so ITnh vyc, nganh
nghd cdn uu tidn phat triin, vifc Viet Nam
sdn xudt dugc nhftng ngudi may nhu vdy
ttong tuang lai Id didu cd thi.
Vdi cupe cdeh mang cdng nghifp ldn thft
tu, "vien canh cdc nhd mdy thdng minh,
ttong dd cdc mdy mdc dugc kit noi Intemet
va lidn kit vdi nhau qua mOt hf thdng cd
thd ty hinh dung toan bO quy trinh sdn xudt
rdi dua ra quydt dinh" [6, tt.5] cd ve se
khdng cdn xa xdi. Ciing vdi dd, "cdc lan
38

sdng ciia nhung dOt phd xa han ttong cdc
ITnh vye khac nhau tft ma hda ehuoi gen
cho tdi cdng nghf nano, tft cae ndng lugng

tai tgo tdi tinh todn lugng tii" [6, tt.5-6],...
khdng chi Idm cho cuOc each mang cdng
nghifp lan thft tu khdc vd ea bdn vd vugt
ttOi so vdi cdc eudc edch mang cdng nghifp
trude, ma edn' md ra nhidu ea hOi mdi ddp
ftng ngdy cdng tdt hon cdc nhu cdu vdt chdt
va tinh than cfta con ngudi. Vien canh do da
khidn khdng it ngudi nhdn dinh rdng, vdi
cuOc edch mang cdng nghidp Idn thft tu, the
gidi xung quanh chung ta khdng ehi Id thd
gidi sdng, ma cdn ttd thdnh thd gidi cd nhdn
tinh hon bao gid hdt. Ndu chftng ta nam bat
va van dung dugc nhftng thdnh qua do vdo
thyc tien phat tiidn cfta dat nude thi se giiip
cho muc tidu con ngudi Viet Nam cd cuOe
sdng am no vd cd didu kifn phdt trien t o ^
didn sdm ttd thanh hidn thyc phd quat.
Cac cdng nghd ttong each mang cdng
nghifp Ian thft tu cflng rdt huu ich ddi vdi
vifc xay dyng chinh phii didn tft khdng chi
d vifc qudn tri dtt lifu va qudn ly sy phat
trien xa hdi, md cdn gop phdn minh bgch
hda thdng tin, phdng ngfta va ngan chgn
tham nhiing, khi cdc edng nghp nay giiip
ngudi dan ngay cdng de ddng tiip cdn chi'nh
phft dd ndu y kiin vd cftng phdi hgp hogt
dOng. Ddi vdi Vift Nam, vifc ung dyng
cdng nghe cfta each mang cdng nghidp lan
thft tu se giup dap ftng ydu cdu "khdn
truong tridn khai xay dyng chinh phft dien

tft" [5, tt.2], qua dd gdp phdn hifn dai hda
nhd nude ciia dan, do ddn, vi ddn va hifn
thyc hda cac myc tidu ddn chu, cdng bdng,
vdn minh cfta xa hOi xa hpi ehu nghia.
Dd tan dyng mOt each tdi da nhftng thdi
CO ma cupe each mgng cdng nghidp ldn thft
tu mang lgi cho cdng cuOc xdy dung chii
nghTa xd hOi df Vift Nam, vdn dd ddt ra la


VU THI KIEU PHUONG
phdi lya chpn bude dOt phd phft hgp de tiep
cdn, ehuyen giao cdng nghf va ftng dung
nhdm dgt hifu qud tdi uu, gdn ket chdt chd
khoa hpc cdng nghf vdi kinh td. Dii Vift
Nam dd cd mOt ha tang Intemet khd tdt,
nhung van cdn ddy mgnh "ftng dyng cdng
nghf thdng tin - tmyin thdng dap ftng ydu
cau hifn dgi hda cdng nghe thdng tin
trayen thdng ttong pham vi cd nude, bao
dam an todn, ddng bO, kdt ndi lien ngdnh va
lidn vimg" nhdm "ddp ftng ydu cdu Intemet
kdt ndi vgn vgt ttong thdi gian sdm nhat" [5,
tt.31. Bdn canh dd, nhu cau cua ngudi ddn va
doanh nghifp vd viec dd ddng va binh dang
trong tidp can cae co hOi phat tridn nOi dung
sd cdn dugc dap ftng tdt hon, qua do gdp
phdn cdi thidn mdi trudng canh ttanh kinh
doanh dd thftc day sy phdt tridn cua doanh
nghifp, tgo didu kifn cho doanh nghifp

nhanh chdng hdp thy va phat tridn dugc cdc
cdng nghf san xudt mdi [5, tr.2].
2. Cach mgng cdng nghifp lan thft tir
ddt ra thdch thftc doi vdi cong cupe xay
dung chu nghia xa hpi d Vift Nam
Thu nhdt, cdeh mgng cdng nghiap ldn
thu lu dgt ra thdeh thae ddi vdi sir phdt
triin cua luc lugng sdn xudt vd edch thOe
sdn xudt d Vi$t Nam.
Khdng chi tgo thdi co cho sy phdt tridn
trinh dO ciia lyc Iupng san xudt va each
thftc sdn xudt d Vift Nam, cuOc cdeh mang
cdng nghidp lan thft tu cdn ddt ra thach thftc
khidn lyc lupng sdn xudt vd each thftc sdn
xudt hifn nay ed thd trd nen tyt hgu so vdi
bude tien eua thdi dgi. 6 cho, cuOc cdeh
mang cdng nghidp ldn thft tu ddi hdi ngudn
nhdn lyc cfta Viet Nam phai ed ky ndng cao
dd tmdc hit cd thd v ^ hdnh dugc nhiing
cdng cy lao dgng cd sy tham dy cfta cdng
nghf cao. Tidp do tgo ra dugc nhttng cdng
cy lao dOng cdng nghd cao khdc. Bdi le.

ttong cuOc each mang cdng nghifp Idn thft
tu, cdng nghf khdng chi eao vd hien dgi
(vdi tri tud nhdn tao, difn todn dam mdy, dft
lifu ldn, robot trong cdng nghifp vd gia
dinh, cdng nghe nano, phucmg-phdp dieu tri
ky thudt s'd vd mdy hgc, v.v..), md cdn ludn
dugc cai tien. Diiu dd ddi hdi hoat dOng

giao dye ciing phai cd bude tien kip thdi,
neu khdng thi nhiing gi dugc hpc trong nhd
tmdng se nhanh chdng ttd ndn loi thdi khi
ngudi hpc tdt nghifp. Trong khi, thu nhdt,
nguon nhdn lyc cfta Viet Nam tuy cd uu the
tte va ddi dao nhung phdn ldn Id ed ky ndng
vd trinh dO thdp; tha hai, hogt dOng giao
due cfta Vift Nam cdn qud nhieu vdn dd vd
cd cdng tdc hanh chinh lan chat lupng
chuydn mdn. Do v$y, uu the tre va ddi ddo
cua ngudn nhdn lyc cd the phdn tdc dyng
niu khdng phdt huy dugc, keo theo do Id sy
tut hdu vd trinh dO cua lyc tugng sdn xudt
vd each thuc san xuat d Vift Nam so vdi sy
phat tridn cfta thdi dgi.
Thdch thftc ndy cfta cuOc edch mang
cdng nghiep lan thu tu da dugc Chinh phft
Vift Nam dy bao, rdng "ndu khdng bdt kip
nhip do phdt triin c^a thi gidi vd khu vyc,
Vift Nam se phdi ddi mdt nhiing thdch
thftc, tac dOng tidu cyc, nhu sy tyt hgu vd
cong nghf, suy gidm san xudt, kinh doanh;
du thfta tao dOng cd ky ndng va trinh dO
thdp gay phd va thi tmdng tao dOng tmyin
thdng, dnh hudng tdi tinh hinh kinh te - xd
hOi dat nude; mat an toan an ninh thdng tin,
xdm phgm bdn quydn, thieu hyt ngudn nhdn
tyc trinh dO cao. Mdt Ididc, co khd ndng
xudt hidn tan sdng ddy cdng nghp tgc h^u tft
cdc nude phat tiien sang cae nude dang

phat trien va ehgm phdt trien" [5, ti.t].
Thu hai, cdeh mgng cong nghiep ldn tha tu
dgt ra thdeh thue ddi vdi sir phdt triin xa hgi
vd qudn ly sir phdt triin xd hgi d Viit Nam
39


A N H H U O N G CUA CACH MANG CONG NGHIEP L A N TIVdi mdt sy phdt trien xd hdi ttong do
ranh gidi thi gidi thyc va thd gidi do khd
plian dinh bdi cdc cdng nghf cao vd thdng
minh do cupe cdeh mang cdng nghidp ldn
thft tu mang tgi, can phai co sy quan ty the
nao de hf muc tidu vd cac dac tnmg cua xa
hOi xa hdi chft nghia md nhan dan Vift Nam
dang xay dyng dugc bdo dam va thyc thi?
Bdi le, trong ddng chay cua cuOc each mang
cdng nghidp ldn thft tu, nhidu van de vd phdt
triin xd hdi va quan 1^ su phat tridn xa hOi se
ttd ndn ndi cOm, nhu tOi pham trye tuydn,
kiim sodt Iudng dft lifu trung chuydn ttdn
Intemet, kidm soat ddng ehdy thdng tin (nhat
Id thdng tin nhgy cam ve ed nhdn, vd an ninh
vd qudc phong), v.v.. Cupe cdeh mang cdng
nghidp ldn thft tu eiing ed thd ldm xudt hidn
cae nguy ca khung bd mang, tOi pham mang,
tin tgc khdng che, lam te lift mdt edch co he
thdng thdng tin, dtt lieu ttdn phgm vi todn
cau, gay hau qua nghidm ttgng vd kinh td,
van hda, xd hdi vd an ninh, qudc phdng.
Ben cgnh do, cac gia tri do tten mgng

Intemet va nhiing he luy cfta chftng ciing
anh hudng khdng nhd din cdc gid tri nhdn
van trong xa hpi, din hf muc tidu vd nhiing
dae trung ciia xd hOi xd hOi chft nghTa md
Viet Nam dang xdy dyng. Trong diiu kifn
mgng Intemet phdt trien nhu d Vift Nam
hifn nay, sy tidu eye ttong qua trinh phat
tiiin xa hOi khdng cdn la mOt nguy co xa,
tham chi da cd d mfte dp ndo dd.
MOt thdch thftc khac ma cuOc each mang
cdng nghidp ldn thft tu cd thd ddt ra cho su
phdt tridn xa hOi va qudn ly sy phdt tiidn xa
hpi d Viet Nam la sy cgnh tranh gifta ngudi
va may. Mdy d day Id may mdc co khi vd
ngudi may vdi tri tup nhan tgo cd thi hogt
dOng gidng nhu con ngudi. Sy "canh tiranh"
gitta ngudi vd mdy mdc trong boat ddng lao
dOng sdn xudt da bdt ddu tu khi cuOc cdeh
40

mgng cdng nghifp Ian thft nhdt dien ra. Khi
do, "tu lieu lao dOng lidn Idp tftc trd thanh
nhiing ke cgnh tranh vdi ban than ngudi
cdng nhdn. Vifc ty tdng ldn cua tu bdn nhd
may moc ty If thudn vdi con sd cdng nhdn
bi may mdc thft tidu mdt diiu kidn sinh
sdng" [4, tr.616]. Vd, mdt "bp phdn cua giai
cdp cdng nhdn ma may mdc dd bidn thanh
ddn cu thua bang edch do - nghia la khdng
cdn true tiip cdn thidt cho sy ty tang ldn

cfta tu ban nfta - mdt mat, se bi diet vong
ttong cuOc ddu tranh khdng can sftc giiia
nganh san xuat thft cdng gid cdi vd cdng
trudng thu cdng vdi ndn sdn xuat bang may
mde, vd mat tchac, do xd vao cdc nganh
cdng nghifp de tam an hon" [4, tt.6t6].
Dieu nay se dien ra ttong didu kifn cuOc
each mgng cdng nghifp tdn thft tu. Sy
"canh tranh" do cd thd dan ddn nan that
nghifp nhidu hon, gia tdng eac mdu thuan
va cdc tf ngn xa hOi, nhu phdn hoa gidu
ngheo, bat binh ddng, xung dot xa hOi, v.v..
Nhttng ngudi may vdi dac trung la hogt
dOng dudi sy chi dan eua "tri tup nhan tgo"
cua cupe each mang cdng nghidp ldn thft tu
khdng nhftng cd thi chd tgo ra nhttng ngudi
mdy tuong ty, md cdn ttd thdnh mdi de dpa
ddi vdi sy phat tridn xa hOi mpt khi chiing
vugt tdidi tdm kidm sodt cfta con ngudi.
Tuy nhidn, day Id mpt vien ednh khd xa ddi
vdi Vift Nam.
Tmdc xu thd cua cuOc each mgng edng
nghifp tan thft tu cung nhung thdeh thftc
md cuOc each mang ndy cd thd dem tgi cho
cdng cugc xdy dyng chft nghia xa hOi d Vift
Nam, Ctiinh phu Vift Nam da xdc dinh rd
nhiing vifc can phdi tdm mOt each cy the [5,
tt.2], dd Id "ddi mdi cdng nghf trong ITnh
vyc cdng nghe thdng tin; ddy manh Ithoa
hpc phan tich vd quan ty va xft ty dft lifu

ldn tao ra tri thftc mdi, ho trg vifc dua ra


VU TH] KI^U PHUONG
quyet dinh va tgo lgi thd cgnh ttanh", "ddi
mdi md hinh qudn ly, sdn xudt, tdi uu hda
md hinh kinh doanh, thidt lap ehuoi eung
ftng vd hdu cdn thdng minh ttong mang ludi
chudi gid tri todn cdu va md hinh thui quan
mdi", CO "he thdng quan ly sd hftu tri tuf
mdi, tdt han ttong thdi dai sd", "bdo ddm
an toan, an ninh thdng tin mgng". Bdn cgnh
do, Viet Nam can phdt trien han nua ngudn
nhan lyc cdng nghf thdng tin - tmydn thdng
"nhdm tgo ra ngudn nhan lyc cd khd ndng
tidp nhgn cac xu the cdng nghd sdn xudt
mdi", bidn "thach thftc ddn sd cftng gia tri
ddn sd vang thdnh lgi thi ttong hdi nhdp vd
phan cdng lao dOng qudc td" [5, tt.3]. Dd
ddi pho vdi van nan cd thd ttd thanh bai rac
edng nghf ttong can 16c ciia euOc edch
mang cdng nghifp ldn thft tu, Vift Nam can
e6 chinh sach thdng minh trong vide ddn
dau, tidp nhan chuydn giao cdng nghf, nhu
xdy dyng "chidn luge chuydn ddi sd, ndn
qudn tri thdng minh, uu tidn phdt triin cdng
nghifp cdng nghf sd, ndng nghifp thdng
minh, du lieh thdng minh, dd thi thdng
minh", ra soat va lya chgn "phdt tridn sdn
pham chu lyc, san pham canh tranh chidn

luge ciia qudc gia bam sat cac cdng nghf
sdn xuat mdi, tich hgp nhiing cdng nghp
mdi dd tap trung ddu tu phdt tridn" [5, tr.2].
CuOc each mang cdng nghifp ldn thft tu
dang dien ra la sy kd thfta va phdt triin tft
thdnh qua cfta tdt cd cdc cuOc each mgng
cdng nghidp tmdc dd. Vdi nhftng phat tridn
vugt bdc vd tu lieu sdn xuat, cuOc each
mang ndy dang tgo ra rat nhidu ca thdi ca
lan thdch thftc ddi vdi sy phat triin cua
nhan Ioai. La mOt phan ciia sy phat tridn dd,
cdng cupe xdy dyng chd nghTa xa hOi d Vift
Nam da, dang va sd tiip tyc chiu nhidu dnh
hudng tft cupe cdeh mgng ndy, nhdt Id ttong
bdi canh todn cdu hda vd hpi nhgp qude td.

Hidn nay, Vift Nam da cd nhiing dOng
thdi chu dOng vd tich eye v i mat chft tmong,
chhih sach ddi vdi cuOe cdeh mgng cdng
nghiep lan tiift tu, trong dd hinh dung rd difn
mgo ciing nhu nhimg anh hudng tich eye va
tidu eye cfta nd ddi vdi edng cuOc xdy dyng
chft nghla xd hOi d Vift Nam ttong tiidi gian
tdi cftng vdi nhung ddi sdeh chung thich
hgp. Tuy nhidn, ban chdt vd ddc diim ciia
cugc each mang cdng nghifp ldn thft tu cho
thdy, ngodi chu tmong va chinh sdeh phat
tridn cfta Chinh phft, cdt yiu van phdi Id
nhan to con ngudi. Bdi ttong cuOc each
mgng nay, nhdn td cdt loi cfta ndn san xudt la

ndng lyc cfta chft the. Tham chi, nang lyc
ndy cdn quan ttpng hon ca vdn. Vi vdy, didu
quan ttpng Id m5i ca nhan ttong ngudn nhdn
luc tte va ddi dao cua Viet Nam phdi cd su y
thuc ve cuOc cdeh mgng cdng nghifp tan thft
tu, cung nhu ve mdi tidn hd giiia bdn than
vdi nhftng thdi ca vd thach thftc do cuOc
each mgng dd tgo ra.
Tai lifu tham khao
[I] Ding COng sin Vift Nam (2011), VSn kifn Dgi
hgi dgi bieu lodn qudc ldn thu XI, Nxb Chfnh
trj Quic gia. H i NOi.
[2] C.Mic v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn Igp, t.l,
Nxb Chfnh trj Quoc gia. H i Ngi.
[3] C M i c v i Ph.Angghen (1995), Todn Igp, t.3,
Nxb Chfnh frj Quoc gia, H i NOi.
[4] C.Mic v i Ph.Angghen (1993), Todn tgp, t.23,
Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, H i Ngi.
[5] Thu tu6ng Chfnh phii (ngiy 4-5-2017), CW/A/
ve viie tdng cuang ndng luc tiip cgn Cugc
each mgng cong nghiep ldn thu tu.
[6] Cue Th6ng tin Khoa hgc v i Cflng ngh? Quic
gia, Tdng lugn "Cugc each mgng cdng nghiep
lan Ihiilu", t^i website:
/>ket=BDbI9Fg5FhY%3d&tabid=I52&language
=vi-VN.

41