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Nghien ciru An Dp va Chau A. So 9 - 2018

XUNG DOT TOC NGlTdl, TON GIAO
TAI MOT SO VUNG & AN DO
Le Hdi Bang*, Trdn Thi Thanh**
Vien Thong lin Khoa hoc xd hoi, Vien Hdn ldm Khoa hoc xd hoi Viet Nam
Ngdy nhdn bdi- 10/08/2018. ngdy gin phdn bien. 15/08/2018. ngdy duyel ddng 30/08/2018
Tn Do Id quoc gia da ddn tgc. vi vdy su khde biet ve vdn hoa, ton gido tin nguong la
JJL dgc diem noi bdt cua qudc gia ndy. Bin canh do. khodng cdch gidu ngheo ngdy cdng
ldn, dan xen v&i cdc yeu td lich sd, ddn tdc, ton gido... da Igo nen nhOng moi quan hi phuc
tgp tgi An Do Chinh nhung su khde biit xen cdi do, cung vai nhdn to khde. Id ngudn can
bung phdt xung dot tgc ngu&i vd xung dot giua Hindu gido vd Hoi gido. hai ton gido l&n tgi
An Do. Bdt ddu tu nhOng cudc xung dot nhd le ddn ddn phdt triin thdnh nhOng cudc xung dot
l&n trin todn quoc vd liip dien eho den ngdy nay Trong pham vi bdi viet, tdc gid tap trung
phdn tich linh liinh xung dot tdc ngu&i. ton gido a An Do hien nay, frong do chi ra cdc hinh
thuc xung dot, nguyin nhdn ddn l&i xung dot. phdn ung cua quoc gia ndy ddi vdi vdn di neu trin.
Tir khda: An Dp, tgc ngudi, tdn gido, xung dot tpc ngudi, xung dot ton gido
Md-dau
An Dp la qudc gia cd dan sd Idn thii 2
the gidi va cd nen dan chu lau ddi tai chau A,
noi khdi nguon nhieu tdn giao Idn vdi nhirng
anh hudng va ddng gdp rdng khap khdng chi
cho rieng xa hdi An Dp ma cho ca nhan loai.
Hoi gido vd Hindu giao cd vai yd quan trgng
doi vdi chinh trj quoc gia vd an ninh An Do
bdi Hindu gido chiem tdi 79,8% dan sd vdi
khoang 966,3 trieu tin do, cdn Hdi gido, d vi
tri thii hai, chiem 14,23% dan sd vdi 172,2
trieu tin dd, cdc ton giao khac nhu Kito hiru
chilm 2,3% va ngudi Sikh chiem gan 1,72%
dan so'. Day ciing ia qudc gia c6 hire tranh

tdc ngudi vd cimg phong phii va da dang
bieu hien dam net qua loi song, phong tuc tap
quan va sinh hoat trong ddi sdng tinh than.

*
' Vijaita Singh (2017), Muslim population growth
slows, , ngay truy cap
29/3/2018.

Sy phong phii vd da dang do mdt mat mang
lai su nang ddng ve khia canh van hda nhung
mat khac lai tao ra su xung dot xa hdi khd
sdu sac.
1. Nguyen nhan cua xung dQt toe ngucri,
ton giao
Xung dot tdc ngudi va tdn giao tai An
Do cd nhieu nguyen nhan, nhung chii yeu Id
do van de lich sir, ehinh tri, khde biet ve y
thiic he, van hda va niem tin tdn giao... xuat
hien trong tien trinh lich sir lap quoc. NhOng
vimg ndi len xung dot lien quan chat che tdi
cdc phong trao ly khai, cd xu hudng tiep can
chii nghTa dan tdc manh me.
Nam 1858, An Do trd thdnh thudc dia
ciia ngudi Anh. Trong sudt giai doan dd din
khi gianh dupe dpc lap, ngudi Anh sir dung
chinh sdch "chia de iri" nhu mdt cong cu de
duy tri che dp cai tri chuyen che. Chinh sdch
1

Le Hai Dang, Trdn Thi Thanh. Xung dot tpc nguai, ton gido...
nay vl co ban la sy phan chia xa hdi theo tgc
ngudi va tdn gido, vi vay da tao ra nhiing bat
ddng gay gdt giu-a cdc nhdm xa hdi. Nam
1947, An Dp gianh ddc lap tir ngudi Anh va
lanh thi bj chia tach dya tren co sd tdn giao.
Nha nudc Pakistan dupe thanh lap vdi ngudi
Hdi gido chiem uu the, va An Do la dat
nudc ciia phan ldn nhiing ngudi theo dao
Hindu. Thdi diem nay, ngudi Hdi giao da
mdt vi tri dae quyen va cd sy thii dich sau
sac vdi ngudi Anh. Viing Kashmir mac dii
CO phan Idn dan so theo Hdi giao, nhung lai
thudc mgt phan lanh tho An Do. Ket qua la,
cac cupc xung dot khu vuc Hen tuc dien ra,
dan den chien tranh An - Pakistan (19471948). Qua trinh phan chia An Dp theo each
ciia ngudi Anh trudc dd ciing de lai mpt vet
xudc sau dam trong long ngudi Hoi gido vd
ngudi Hindu'^, dan tdi sy thit dich dai dang
giiia hai cgng dong tdn gido nay.
Xung dot tgc ngudi, tdn gido tai An Dp
CO dac diem ndi trdi va khac biet so vdi cdc
viing khac khi no mang tinh chat xung dot
cua chii nghTa dan tgc ly khai, cd nhung tdc
dgng manh me tir ben ngoai, trong do phai ke
den luc lupng Hoi gido d Pakistan. Sy thii
dich chong lai An Dp bat ngudn tir eac muc
tieu trong chinh sdch ddi ngoai ciia Pakistan.
Cae van de sau khi phan chia lanh thd, trong

do cd cd van de Kashmir, khdng phai la
nguyen nhan duy nhat. Pakistan la qu6c gia
ludn de cao ban sac dan tpc va mudn citng co
sy hien dien d tieu lue dia An Dp bdng cdch
thdch thirc vj tri quyen luc thdng tri cita An
Dp. Ke tir thap nien 90 ciia thi ky XX,
Pakistan the hien su quan tam ve mat an ninh
quoc phong doi vdi An Dp, vi thi da ddy
manh hpp tac vdi cdc nudc Hoi gido khae d
^ AjiacB JI.B. H ap. (2010), llcmopufi
2010.

2

Miiduu, M.,

Trung va Tay A, va muc dich hpp tdc ndy la
nhdm lam mat on dinh An ^o thdng qua van
de Kashmir. Tai khu vye Ddng Bdc An Dp,
luc lupng an ninh nudc nay ciing khdng dinli,
xung dot trong khu vye da d miic nguy hiem
bdi nhiing tdc nhan ben ngoai lam dnh hudng
sau sac den khu vye, hau het eac nhdm ndi
loan d vimg Ddng Bac An Dp duy tri dupe la
nhd sy giiip da manh me tir ben ngoai.
Di cu tu do, ngheo ddi, that nghiep, tham
nhiing, viec sii dung vii lyc ciia cdnh sat, that
bai chinh tri, kich ddng chinh tri... ciing la
nhiing nguyen do quan trpng dan den xung
dot, dieu ndy dupe the hien rd tai khu vuc

Dong Bac An Dp-'. Vi du, cac dcrt di cu mat
kiem sodt tir Bangladesh da gay cang thdng,
dp lyc ldn ve dat dai, viec lam va lam tram
trpng them tinh trang kinh te do that nghiep
va ddi ngheo. Do dd, khu vye Ddng Bac
chua nam bat dupe vdn dau tu va ca hgi phat
trien kinh te, gay nen sy mat niem tin va chia
re dan tpc, dan den bat dn, ndi day.
Van de xung dot tdc ngudi tai viing
Dong Bac An Dp ve co ban la do sy thieu
thdn ve co sd ha tang, dich vu va nang luc
qudn tri kem, dien hinh la van de tham nhiing
ciia cac tang Idp chinh tri nen ngudi ddn
khdng cd nudc sach, khdng cd dien, khdng
CO dich vu y te. Khu vuc nay thieu mpi nhu
cdu thiet yiu de phdt trien"*. Cdc quy phat
trien bi danh thue bdi chinh quyin dia
phuang va rui ro bdi nhung ke cue doan Hdi
giao. Tham nhiing cdn dien ra trong quan dgi
cung nhu chinh phit do khong cd sy kilm tra
hoac giam sdt. Tuy khdng cd su khde biet
qud ldn giiia cdc nhdm tpc ngudi trong khu
vuc, xung dot d Dong Bac An Dp dupe thiic
day bdi sy that bai cua nha nudc yong vice
'Dutts, S. (2011), pp.73-87.
^AshildKoias(2017), p.27.


Nghien ciru An Dp va Chau A. S6 9 - 2018
duy tri an ninh, dam bdo tinh minh bach,

trdeh nhiem vd gidi quyet nhiing bdt binh
dang kinh te dang ke, dac biet la giiia khu
vuc dd thi va ngoai vi^.
2. Xung dot toe ngu'di, ton giao 6*
Kashmir
Kashmir la bang phia Bac An Dp, noi
sinh song cua nhieu cgng ddng tdc ngudi va
tdn giao khac nhau. Sy phdn bd khdng dong
deu giua cdc nhdm dan tdc, sy khde biet ve
bdn sdc vdn hda va tdn gido tai khu vye nay
la nguyen nhan cita xung ddt^. Cu the, xu.ig
dot d khu vuc nay chu yeu xay ra giira Hindu
gido vd Hdi gido va da keo dai nhieu thap ky,
dan den tinh hinh bat dn tai nga ba An Dp va
Pakistan.
Xung dot tai Kashmir la mpt trong nhung
xung dot phirc tap va da chieu nhat cita An
Do. Vung bien gidi chung giiia An Dp va
Pakistan ludn cang thang va thudng xuyen
xay ra cac cugc dung do vu trang, do nhung
mdu thudn dm i, keo dai va nguy hiem.
Pakistan chua bao gid cdng nhdn Kashmir Id
mpt phan cua An Dp vi ddy vdn la khu vye
ciia ngudi Hoi gido. Ngudi cam quyen dau
tien ciia viing dat - noi md phan Idn la ngudi
Hdi gido sinh sdng la Maharaja Hari Singh,
mdt ngudi theo dao Hindu. Lan ddu tien vdo
nam 1947, ndi loan ngi bd nd ra d Poonch Kashmir nham chong lai nha cai tri Hari
Singh. Cudc ndi day la sy bat man sau sac
cua cdng dfing Hdi giao, nhirng ngudi cho

rang sy cai trj ciia ngudi Hindu da khien khu
vuc ngay cang trd nen ngpt ngat''. Sau khi An
Dp gianh ddc lap (nam 1947), cdc cudc giao

tranh giira An Dp va Pakistan Hen tiep xay ra
va tiep dien cho den ngay nay.
Hien tai, tinh chat xung dot tai day da re
theo chieu hudng khde, neu trude kia cac
cudc xung dot do tdc dpng tir ben ngodi, thdi
gian gan day, chieu hudng ndy dudng nhu da
diu lai, nhung tir ben trong (lien quan den cdc
chinh sach dan tdc, tdn gido eua An Do doi
vdi khu vuc ndy) lai ndi len nhu la nguyen
nhan chii yeu. Khdng giong nhu cac bang
khac, ngudi ddn Kashmir cho rdng vimg dat
nay la qudc gia rieng biet vdi bdn sdc van hda
khac vdi ngudi An, hp cdm thay yeu td dac
biet cua Kashmir khdng dupe tdn trpng va
An Dp ludn kim ham viing dat nay. Vdn de
trd nen tram trpng hon khi nhiing ke khiing
bd Hdi gido mudn diing len gidnh quyen
kiem sodt va lam suy yeu anh hudng cua An
Dp ddi vdi Kashmir. Do cd nen chinh tri bat
on va xao trgn. An Do da dp dung Dao luat
vii trang (Quyen ban dae biet - AFSPA)
khien ca khu vuc bi quan sy hda nang ne.
Chinh phii An Dp ciing nhieu lan thyc hien
quyen ban khan cap trong khu vuc md khdng
cd sy chap thuan cua chinh quyen dia
phuang. Nhan vien an ninh thudng lam dung

Dao luat Quyen ban tren nham thyc hien cdc
hanh vi vi pham nhan quyen nhu: de dpa, tra
tan ngudi dan dja phuang, quay rdi va lam
dung tinh due phu nii, phd hiiy cdc nha thd
Hdi gido. Noi each khac, nhimg ngudi dupe
cho Id cd ydch nhiem giii gin trat ty d
Kashmir (khu vye do An Dp chiem ddng)
thuc te lai la nhiing ngudi gay ra tinh trang
hon loan va lam xdo trgn cupc song ngudi
dan nai day^. Vi nhiing mdi quan be cang
thang giiia luc lupng vQ trang An Dp va

UshildKolls (2017), pp.28.
* HntJi riojioHCKHH (2014), KauiMup. ee^nasi eoHiia^ Katie Hunt (2017), India and Pakistan's Kashmir
Ceeepo-3anadHoii Mudun, , ng^y truy dispute: What you need to know,
cap 29/3/2018.
, ngay truy cap 31/3/2018.
' Kunal.Mukherjee (2013), pp 44-54.


Le Hai Dang, Trdn Thj Thanh. Xung ddt tdc nguai. Ion gido..
ngudi dan Kashmir, mgt sd ngudi dan dja
phuong dupe dua qua Pakistan de hudn
luyen, nhdm chong lai sy ddn ap cua quan
dpi An Dp. Nhilu ngudi trong sd nay sau do
quay lai Kashmir quay nhieu, de dpa dan
thudng nhdm kilm tien va Idm bdt dn tinh
hinh chinh tri^.

gia ngudi My g6c An - Sanjib Baruah, ngudi

da song d viing ddt nay trong thai gian ddi,
cho rang Hch sir cua khu vye nay la mot phdn
ciia Hch sir An Do, bi chi phdi bdi cac phong
trao chinh tri va xa hpi chdng lai nhd nudc va
chdng lai ede mdi de dpa doi vdi bdn sac dan
tpc tir ngudi di cu ciing nhu cdng ddng ldn

3. Xung dot toe ngudi tai viing Dong
Bac An Do
Vimg Dong Bdc An Dp la noi tu cu ciia
tgc ngudi Akin, hp co nen vdn hda, ton giao
va ngdn ngii rieng. Ddi song ciia ngudi dan d
khu vuc ndy cdn nhieu khd khan, miic sdng
thap va luon xay ra xung dot. Hdu het cac
cugc xung dot vu trang d vimg Dong Bac
dien ra theo hai hinh thiic: mgt la nhirng cupc
xung dot nhd Ie; hai Id phong trao cyc doan
ma muc tieu Id thdnh lap nha nudc ddc lap,
hoac hinh thdnh mgt md hinh mdi, trong do
keo dai va ro net nhdt la phong trdo ly khai d
bang Assam.

Xung dot giiia cac tgc ngudi tai bang
Assam va Bengal dien ra thudng xuyen, co
ca cdc vu bao loan khien Chinh quyen An Do
gap nhieu khd khdn yong viec kiem sodt an
ninh trong nhung nam qua. Assam cd khoang
160 tdc ngudi khde nhau va la noi xay ra
nhieu vu cang thdng giua eac nhdm ndy.
15,64% trong sd hon 30 trieu dan Assam la

tdc ngudi Bodo, Mlsin, Rab Sonoval, Lalun
(Thiva), Deori vd Tengal (Sword)". Trong
dd, ba nhdm tdc ngudi khac nhau ve van hoa
thudng xdy ra xung dot dd la ngudi Assam,
ngudi Bengal vd cdng ddng tdc ngudi khac
trong bang. Day la bang cd ty le tang dan so
cao nhat d An Dp, dan nhdp cu chiem mot
phdn dang ke, da sd ngudi nhap cu den tir
Bengal, bao gdm ca ngudi Hindu vd ngudi
Hoi gido. Ngudi Bengal theo dao Hindu den
dinh cu vao giira the ky XIX, sau khi ngudi
Anh lap cdc ddn dien che. Mpt bp phan khac
ngudi Bengal theo Hdi gido chu yiu la ndng
ddn, hp sdng d phia Ddng - khu vue dong
dan cu vdi nang sudt ndng nghiep thdp vd ddt
dai san xudt bj phan tan va manh mun. Tuy
nhien, vdi lpi thi vl giao due, each van hdnh
va phat triln bd mdy hanh chinh chuyen
nghiep, ngdn ngii cua bp dupe sir dung rgng
rai ban so vdi ngudi Assam, tir dd, ngudi

La khu vue mien niii khd khan, chia cdt
ve dia hinh, do vay, phdn ldn bao luc chinh
tri bat ngudn bdi sy cd lap va tach biet manh
me vdi cdc khu vuc khac. Hon niia, vimg
Dong Bac lai cd su phan tdng manh me ve
khia canh tdc ngudi, ton gido, ngdn ngu...
ngudi dan ban dia lai luon giii khoang each
nhdt dinh vdi cdng ddng nhap cu. Do do,
xung dot d ddy ton tai nhieu cap do khac

nhau nhu mau thuan giQa cdc nhdm tgc
ngudi, giiia cu dan ban dia vd dan nhap cu,
giua cac tieu bang khac nhau trong khu
vye... Tir cudi nhiing ndm 90 cua the ky XX,
khu vuc Dong Bdc An Do da chiing kien su
gia tang eua nhieu cdng ddng tdc ngudi vd sy
tranh gianh ehu quyen giira cac nhdm nhdm
ve lai ranh gidi de tao ra cdc bang mdi. Hpc
^ lUayMflH. T JI (2012), pp.561-569.
4

'"Baruah, S (2009), pp.951-974.
" Rezwan (2012), HuduH: smnuiecKue
^fnojiKKoeenm
e AccoAie (20\2),
httpsV/ru.globalvoices.org/2012/07/26/16759/
tniycap 12/5/2018.


Nghien ciiu An Dp vaChau A. So 9 - 2018
Bengal thdng tri yong eac td chuc nganh
nghe, phdt trien giao due... Nhung sau nam
1947, ldn ddu tien tdng Idp trung luu Assam
len nam quyen va quyet dinh dua tieng
Assam nhu mpt ngdn ngii chinh trong cdc
trudng dai hpc, thdng qua chuong yinh gido
due md rgng, dan ddn, tang Idp trung luu
Assam cung ed vi the vd bdt dau khdng cu sy
thdng tri ciia ngudi Bengal. Hon nua, nhieu
tdc ngudi khde d cdc viing thdp vd cham phat

trien hon ludn cam thdy bi dp biic, tham ehi
bi bdc lot ve van hda, kinh te vd chinh tri bdi
ngudi Bengal vd ngudi Assam, do dd xung
dot Hen tuc xdy ra giira cac tpc ngudi nay'^
Khdng chi dimg lai d dd, nhieu nam qua,
thudng xuyen xdy ra cdc vu xung dot bao lyc
giua tdc ngudi Bodo va cdng ddng ngudi Hdi
giao nhap cu tir Bangladesh. Ngudi Bodo cdo
budc cgng ddng Hdi giao den lan chiem dat
dai cua to ti6n hp. Thang 7/2012, trong cudc
dung do giiia tdc ngudi Bodo ban dia vd
ngudi nhap cu Hoi gido d bang Assam, it
nhdt 32 ngudi da thiet mang va nhieu ngudi
hi thuong. Van de bat dau khi mdt ngudi dan
dng giau mat da giet chet bdn thanh nien
ngudi Bodo d Quan Kokrajhar, hp nghi ngd
nhung ngudi Hdi gido diing sau vu dm sat, vi
thi, de trd thu, nhdm vii trang Bodo da tdn
cdng nhung ngudi Hdi gido vd ddt lang cua
hp. Khoang 70.000 cu ddn cdc ldng Chiran,
Dubro, Bangaigaon, Udalguri va Sonitpur da
rdi bd nha eira ke tir khi bat dau bao luc va
tim each lanh nan trong cdc trai ti nan. It nhat
60 ngdi Idng ciia ngudi Bodo vd Hdi gido d
khu vye Kokrajhar va Chiran bj cudp hodc bi
dot chay'^ Vao nam 2014, dung dp biing

''ilKOBJieB, A TO (20I2),pp.205-209.
' ' Rezwan (2012), Hudua. BmuunecKue cmojiKHoeenun
e AccoMe, , nghy truy cap

12/5/2018

phdt khi hai thu ITnh sinh vien Hoi gido hi
ban trpng thuong d Kokrajhar, ddn den cdc
cupc trd thii nhdm vao tpc ngudi Bodo.
Nhom vii trang Mat trdn Dan chu Qudc gia
Bodo (NDFB) cGng gilt chit 58 ngudi ciia it
nhdt 5 lang trong cdc qudn Sonitpur vd
Kokrajhar ciia bang Assam, hau het cdc dia
diem tan cdng thudc viing ty tri ciia tgc ngudi
Bodo'".
Xung dot tai bang Nagaland Id diem
ndng lau ddi nhat d An Dp, chii yeu xoay
quanh vdn de ehii quyen lanh thd va quyen tu
quyet. Cong ddng Naga'^ cho rang hp khdng
mang dac diem chung vdi ddng chinh thdng
An Dp. Nhieu nhd lanh dao ciia cdc nhdm
iing hp doc lap d Nagaland ciing lap ludn
ngudi Naga khdng phdi ngudi An Dp, chi la
ngudi nhdp cu vdo An Dp bdi cac cudc chinh
phat cua nude Anh'^ va eac bang nhu
Nagaland da rat khd khan de gianh dupe ddc
lap tir An Do. Mdt trong nhung nhdm chinh
da tham gia tich cyc vao phong trdo iing hp
ddc lap Id Hpi ddng xa hdi chii nghia
Nagaland (NSCN), lyc lupng each mang
Kito giao Marxist. Nhieu ngudi trong sd cae
nhdm noi loan nay da theo dudi y thiic he
chinh tri "Nagalim" hoac nd lyc tao ra dieu
ma nhieu ngudi Naga xem Id "Nagaland vT

dgi". Y tudng nay nhdm tap hpp tdt cd nhiing
ngudi Naga chung ngudn gdc thdnh mpt dan
vi hanh chinh thong nhdt, bao gdm nhirng
ngudi Naga tir cac bang Idng gieng nhu
Manipur vd Assam, ciing nhu nhirng ngudi
cd ngudn gdc Naga d ben kia bien gidi
Myanmar. Ciing bdi y thiic he chinh tri ndy

'•* Mpc Di (2014), Xung dot tgc ngudi a An Do. 58
ngudi thiet mang, , ngay truy cap
12/5/2018
'* Naga la ten goi chung ciia cac toe nguai a
Nagaland.
'^ Mukherjee, K. (2014), p. 111.
5


Le Hai Dang, Trdn Thi Thanh. Xung dot toe ngu&i, ton gido,.
ma ngudi Naga vd cac nhom chinh tri thudng
xuyen xung dot vdi cdc bang lang gieng nhu
Manipur kl tir khi Nagaland tuyen bd chit
quyen yen ddt Manipur. Nha phan tich an
ninh An Do, ong Singh da nhdn dinh "cugc
ndi logn Naga dd trdn qua cdc bang ldn cdn
nhu Ukhrul, Senapati vd Tamenglong

ciia

Manipur"^"^
4. Chinh sach cua An Do doi voi van

de xung dot toe ngiroi, ton giao
Nhdm lam giam cang thang giiia cac
nhdm tdc ngudi va tdn giao, tranh hdnh
ddng bao lue, chong lai thieu sd va ngan
chan qud trinh ly khai... Chinh phii An Dp
da ban hdnh nhieu chinh sdch hieu qud
bang cdch kich hoat co ehe cdng nhan
quyen tu chu, ngdn ngii vd tdn giao cua
khu vye, ddm bao lpi ich nhom trong cac
CO quan Chinh phii. Dieu ndy ciing giiip
An Do cd budc tdng trudng kinh te dn
tupng vd on djnh tuang doi tinh hinh chinh
tri - xa hgi.
Chinh sdch van hoa va ngdn ngii lien
quan tdi eac nhdm tpc ngudi, ton gido da
dupe An Dp xem xet vd ban bdnh luat.
Theo Hien phdp An Dp, cdc cdng ddng ddn
tgc thieu sd ludn dupe hudng nhiing quyin
lpi dac biet. Dac quyen bdo hg quyin duy
tri ngdn ngu va van hda ddu tien dupe ghi
nhdn trong Dieu 29 cua Hien phap An Dp,
quy djnh mpi "bd phdn cdng ddn " d cac
khu vuc khde nhau ciia dat nudc dlu dupe
bao ve quyen loi ve ngdn ngir vd van hda
rieng biet. Vi du, cdc dai dien ciia cgng
dong Hindu sinh sdng d cdc bang Punjab va
Nagaland cd quyen bao ve ngdn ngu va van
hoa thilu sd ciia hg. Dieu 30 Hien phap
eiing quy dinh ve dac quyen tdn gido vd
'Goswami,N. (2010),p.93.

ngdn ngu thilu sd, bao gdm cd viec ap
dung trong cdc co sd gido due. Nhung
quyen co bdn nay kha don gian, nhung k l
tir khi doe Idp vd thdng qua H i i n phap, cac
dieu khodn nay thudng gap thdch thiie bdi
mdi Hen he giiia ede linh vuc khde nhau
eiia xa hgi. Chinh quyin An Do ciing chiing
to sy khoan dung vd than trpng khi ban
hanh chinh sdch ngdn ngu trong nudc.
An Dp ciing ban hanh chinh sdch dan
tpc tich cue, vdi muc tieu ciing cd khii
doan ket tir cdc cdng ddng tdc ngudi vd ton
gido khac nhau trong xa hdi, ciing nhu
khich le sy tham gia eua mpi eong dan
trong qua trinh qudn ly. Ve bdn chdt, chinh
sdch dd dp dung chii yeu cho nhiing khu
vuc cd cae cdng ddng thieu sd chdm phat
trien, trong cac ca sd gido due dai hpc ciing
nhu trong viec thuc hien cac bien phap
nhdm khac phuc tinh trang tut hau ve kinh
te - xa bdi va van hda cua ngudi dan. Mgt
dieu quan trpng nu"a la An Dp rdt can
trpng trong viec xay dung chien lupc
khoa hgc vd bao ton gid tri lich su, khong
cho phep ddnh gid qua cao hay phan biet
ddi xii vai trd cua cac tdc ngudi ciing nhu
tdn gido trong tien trinh lich su vd sy phat
trien dat n u d e .
Tdm lai, la mdt qudc gia ddn chii. An

Dp ludn cd gang dung hda nhung khac biet
ve van hda trong khudn kho nhat dinh. De
lam dupe d i l u nay, tdt nhien, khdng thi
thieu nhiing chinh sdch va viec thyc hien
hieu qua chinh sdch do. Tuy nhien cung co
y kien cho rdng, Chinh phii An dd cdn tim
kiem sy can bdng ban trong viec phan
quyen giua cdc dan tdc, tdn gido, bdo ve
quyen lpi kinh te vd van hda - xa hgi ciia tk
ed cdc nhdm toe ngudi, tdn giao.


Nghien ciiu An Do va Chau A. So 9 - 2011
Ket luan
An Dp la qudc gia da tdc ngudi vd da tdn
giao vao loai bdc nhat tren the gidi. Tai day,
thudng xuyen xdy ra xung dot tpc ngudi vd
tdn giao. Xung dot tdc ngudi chii yeu xay ra
giua cac nhdm bdn dia vdi cdc nhdm di cu tu
do tir qudc gia khde den, cdn xung dot tdn
gido xdy ra giua tin do Hindu gido vd Hdi
gido, trong dd cd nhirng dang xung dot bdt
nguon tir trong tien trinh lich sir An Do, am i
vd keo ddi den tan ngay nay, dang xung dot
nay tiem an nguy co biing phdt trd lai khi cd
dieu kien, dii thuc te, tinh hinh chinh tri duoc
ddnh gia dn djnh. Nguyen nhan cua nbilng
xung dot ndy bao gdm nhieu yeu td nhu Hch
sir, chinh tri, kinh te, xa hdi vd sy khde biet
ve van hda giOa ede tdc ngudi md ddc biet la

sy khac biet y thirc he, niem tin va triet ly tdn
giao giiia hai ton gido ldn nhat vdi nhieu tin
dd nhat la Hindu vd Hdi gido... Tat ea nhirng
yeu to tren tao ra mdt xa hpi da ban sac va
kha phiic tap. Vi the, nhirng xung dot nho
nhdt ciing ed the ddn den nhiing tdc dgng cue
ky nghiem trpng den tinh hinh kinh te - xa
hdi trong nudc va tdc dgng den chinh sdch
ddi ngoai ciia An Do. Bdi vdy, Chinh phit An
Dp rat Hnh boat trong viec ban hanh chinh
sach phii hpp vdi cdc nhdm tgc ngudi vd tdn
giao trong nudc nham ban che xung dot, tao
sy doan ket, dn dinh xa hpi de thue hien
thanh cdng chien lupc phdt trien kinh te - xa
hgi ciia qudc gia ndy.

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