ý nghĩa của thuyết tương tác biểu trưng trong nghiên cứu vai trò phụ nữ và phát triển kinh tế hộ gia đình

Y NGHIA CUA THUYET TU'ONG TAC BIEU TRUTVG
TRONG NGHIEN CUU VAI TRO PHU NU*
VA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE HO GIA DINH
NGUYEN H 6 N G LINH '*'
Tdm tat: Cd rat nhieu ly thuyit xd kdi kgc dUdc van dung trong qud trink nghiin cdu cdc
vin di xd kdi. Mdt trong cdc ly thuyit do Id "Thuyet TUcfng tdc biiu triing. Bdy Id chu di dUqc
nkiiu nhd nghiin cdu khoa hgc xd kgi de cap tdi vdi rdt nhiiu hUdng tiip can, d nhiiu goc dd
kkdc nhau. Bdi viit t&p trung tim hii'u ngi dung vd y nghia cda "Thuyet TUdng tdc bieu trUng"
khi tiip can nghiin cdu vi vai trd cua phu nS trong pkdt trien kinh te kg gia dink tgi Ba Vi HdNdi.
Tic khda: Tkuyit TUdng tdc bieu trUng; vai trb phu nU; phdt triin kinh tihg gia dinh; Ba Vi,
Hd Ngi.
Abstract: Symbolic interaction theory is among many theories applied by sociologists to look at
social issues. Tkis article discussed how symbolic interaction theory views the women and their role in
the development of family economy in Ba Vi district, Hanoi.
Keywords: Symbolic interaction theory; family economy development; Ba Vi district.
Ngdy nhgn bdi: 14/3/2017;Ngdy

sda bdi: 12/4/2017; Ngdy duyit ddng bdi: 17/6/2017.

thu. Do vfiy, phu nfl eung 1ft dfii tfldng dl
hi tdn thfldng trong xa bfii'^.
Cd nMeu each tifi'p can khfie nhau kM
nghifin cflu ve sfl thara gia cua phu nfl
trong qua trinh phat triln, diln hinh nhfl
cae each tilp efin "Phu nfl trong sfl phftt
triln" (WID) vdi vific nhan manh quan
diera cho rfing cftc qua trinh phftt trien se
dflde tiln hftnh tdt hdn rdt nhilu nlu nhfl
ed sfl thara gia day du eiia phu nfl vfto quft
6 Vift Nara, khoang 66,9% dftn s i sd'ng trinh dd; each tilp can "Gidi vfi sfl phftt
d nflng thon, 69,3% lflc Ifldng lao dflng d triln" (GAD) vdi vifc chu trpng cftc quan

khu vfle ndng thfln, phu nfl ehifi'm 50,7% hf gidi khi dl ra eae bifin phfip dl giup hp
dftn so" vfi 48,7% lflc Ifldng lao dfing xa
hdi'". Cung nhfl nhilu ndi trfin the gidi, " NCS khoa Xa hoi hoc, Tnfctog D^ hoc Khoa hoc xa
phu nfl Vift Nam cMlm sd ddng trong hdi vft Nhan vftn, Hft Noi; Giang vifin khoa Cfing tac
xa hfii, TrUclng Dgi hgc Lao dong - xa hfii.
nhiing ngfldi thdt hoc, ddi ngheo, bfinh tfit, "'Tong cue Thong k6 (2014),'Nxb."ThShg ke, Hft Nfii.
bflo lfle tfi nan xfi hfii de doa, ho it ed cftc „,tr.46.
Dan nhSp
Hifn nay, phat trien kinh te hp gia
£nh Ifi mflt Hnh vflc mang tinh Iy Mfin vft
thfle tiin eao, gdp phdn eai tMfin dilu kifin
sdng, Ifira vifc eiia ngfldi dan, dfie bift Ifi
ngfldi dftn nong thfln d cac nfldc dang phfit
trien. Phu nfl 1ft mflt nhdm xa hdi ldn, ed
rafit d nhilu giai tdng, giai cap khfic nhau
trong tinh da dang cua cfie boat dpng xa
hdi nhat lfi boat ddng Iao ddng.

oao llie, If? "Ol

'/^ •

,

,

•" L6 Ngoc Hung (2011), Lick si vd ly tkuyit xd kgi

Cd hdi, dieu kifn de hpe hftnh vft hfldng ft^c, Nxb. D^ hoc Quoc gia Hft Noi. tr.32l.
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NHAN Lgc KHOA HQC XA Htfl

Q


t NGHIA Cl!rA THUYET T U O N G T A C BIEU TRUNG..
trong qufi trinh phfit triln... Ly thuyet xft
hdi hpe nfl quyin vdi vife rad rdng y ngMa
eua xft hfii hpe v l cftc quan hf gidi vft eufic
sdng eua phu nfl. Cftc Iy thuyfii xfi bfii vi
rafi eua thuyet chflc nftng, thuyet phfin
tich xung ddt vft thuyet Marxian v l thfi'
gidi - he t h i n g d i u khao sftt vi tri eua efing
vife gia dinh trong cftc h e thd'ng xa hdi
nhfl lfi phfldng tifin de ly giai sfl If thufie
xft hfii cua phu nfl. T h u y l t Tfldng tftc b i i u
tfldng vft phUdng phftp luftn thflc hftnh,
hai ly t h u y l t xa hdi vi mfi khao sftt cftc
phfldng cftch trong dd gidi dfldc san sinh
vft tfii san sinh trong cfie quan hf hen
nhfin vi.
1. Khfti Ifldc v e " T h u y e t Tflofng t a c
b i i u trflng"
1.2. Nguon gdc
Cd ngudn gflc tfl cfic quan mfira xa hfii
hpc cua Max Weber, Georg Simmel, Robert
Park ciing cae ddng sfl vfi hpe trd. T h u y l t
nfty ciing chiu anh hfldng cua rapt sfl'
trfldng phai t r i l t hpe, sinh vftt hpe vfi cfie

ly t h u y l t tfira ly hpc y thflc, tfim ly hpe
hftnh vi vft tftm ly hpe xa hdi. Cac tfic gia
ndi bftt cua t h u y l t tfldng tae b i i u trflng 1ft
Charles Horton Cooley (ly t h u y l t "tfli soi
gfldng"), George Herbert Mead (Iy thuyet
tfldng tftc "ba ngdi"),'^* Herbert Blumer
(thuyet tfldng tftc luftn b i i u trflng), Ervmg
Goffman Q.f t h u y l t kich hda). Cac tae gia
t h u y l t tfldng tftc b i i u trflng van dung
quan mfm eua thuyfii hftnh vi (vl quy Mat
Mfu qua, quy luft thflc hftnh) nhflng cho
rfing tfl duy vft sfl trai ngMem bfin trong
eiing 1ft hftnh vi. Mftc dfl cac hftnh vi bfin
trong khd quan sat nhflng chung vfin tuan
theo nhiSng quy Mfit cua hfinh vi bfin
ngofii. Thuyfii hfinh vi xa hpi cdn dflde
Q

NHAN LUC KHOA HQC XA Htfl

phftt trien nhftm n h £ ^ m a n h vai trd cua
eae yeu to' tfl duy, y thflc vft tfl y thflc ciia
efi nhftn trong hfinh vi, boat ddi^, giao
tie'p n h a t lfi mfii tfldng tftc xfi hpi.
1.2. Ndi dung
Tfldng tftc (interaction) lfi mdt ddn vi cd
ban eiia sfl kifin xa hpi raft tai dd eon
ngfldi dinh hfldng h a n h vi eua hp vfto
nhau, cho du hp theo dudi eae ki vpng
gidng n h a u hay chdng dfii nhau. Tfldng

tftc chiu sfl a n h hfldng eiia chudn mfle va
vai trd xa hdi, eua h i n h mfiu hfinh vi dfldc
thfla nhftn vft sfl k i vpng ehu quan, dieu
kifn hifn hflu chii q u a n eung nhfl cua
nhiing ngfldi t h a m gia, nhflng ngfldi tMet
k l nfin thfle tfi' xa hfii (Berger/Luckmann).,
Nhfl vfty, nfii hftm eua khfii m f m tfldng
tftc dft dn ehfla mdi lien h e vdi khfti mfim
vai trd; theo dd, vai trd xa hdi la mot
trong nhflng y l u to' ed a n h hfldng din sri
tfldng tae xa hfii.
Theo ly thuyet cd cau - ehfle nfing, sfl on
dinh cua hf thfl'ng tfldng tfic dam bao ne'u
cai tdi va ngfldi khae da tiep thu cho minh
efie chufin chung, neii Ifeh ehuan sfi bi
phat. Ngfldc lai, thuyet tfldng tftc biiu
trflng nhftn m a n h tfldng tfie ludn hi de dpa
lai ddi hdi d ngfldi t h a m dfl efie cMln Ifldc
tong hdp de cd sfl dara bao cho quft trinh
xfi hdi vfi bao vf eho ban thftn nhiing
ngfldi thara dfl (Groffraan). Trong kM tbeo
Homans tfldng tftc dflde hinh thfinh theo
cftc Mnh mftu kich tMeh - phan flng tM cac
nhfi tfldng tac lufin bieu tnfng lai phan dfii
each Meu tfldng tac theo Iy thuyfii hfinh
vi, vi con ngfldi khflng cM phan flng vdi
cac kich tMch mfi hfinh dpng cua ho hfldng
<* Vu Quang Hft (2001), Cdc ly thuyit Xd hdi hgc, tfip 1
vft tap 2, Nxb. Dai hoc Quoc gia Hft Noi. tr.320.

stf 0-2017


NGUYfiN HONG LINH
tdi nhiing ngMa dflde cflng nhau hinh
thfinh ed sfl giai thich'** (Blumer, tfle lfi
giai tMch y nghia cua hftnh dpng).
1.3. Luqn diim
Luftn dilm gfl'c cua Thuyfii Tfldng tftc
hilu trflng cho rdng: xa hdi dfldc tao thftnh
tfl sfl tfldng tftc ciia vfl so' ca nhftn; bdt kf
hftnh vi vfi cfl chi nfio eua eon ngfldi diu cd
vd sd cfte y nghia khfie nhau; hfinh vi vfi
boat ddng cua eon ngfldi khdng nhflng phu
thude mft cdn thay ddi ciing vdi cfie y ngMa
bieu trflng. Do dd, de hieu dfldc tfldng tac
xfi hdi gifla eftc ea nhftn, gifla con ngfldi vdi
xft hdi, can phai nghifin eflu tfldng tftc xft
hpi, cdn phai ly giai dfldc y nghia eua eae
hilu Mfin mfii tfldng tae do'"'. Dftc trflng
cua chu ngMa tfldng tac biiu trflng do 1ft
cftch nMn theo tiln trtnh eua xa hdi, nd lfi
qua trtnh tMeh ngM lien tue cua nhflng
ngfldi tham gia, hftnh vi cua minh vdi
hftnh vi cua nhflng ngfldi khac dfla trfin cd
sd sfl thfi'u hilu eae tam trang chu quan
cua nhiing ngfldi khfic'^.
Mdt sd'nha tfldng tftc bieu trflng (Blumer,
Mams, Melterz, Rose) dfi tdm tfit thftnh
07 nguyen tfie cd ban cua Iy thuyfii nfiy''",

bao gdm:
(1) Lofii ngfldi, khflng gid'ng nhfl eae lofii
vfit, daqc tMen phu eho kha nfing tfl duy;
(2) PQia nftng tfl duy dflde dinh Mnh bdi
cftc tfldng tae xa hdi;
(3) Trong tfldng tftc xfi hdi, mpi ngfldi ed
thi hpe dfldc eftc y ngMa vft cae biiu tfldng
cho phep hp thflc hftnh kha nfing tfl duy
rieng bift;
(4) Cftc f nghia vfi eftc biiu tfldng cho
phfip rapi ngfldi thflc Men hfinh dfing vft
tfldng tfie mang tinh eon ngfldi rieng bifit;
(5) Mpi ngfldi ed kha nfing bd sung hay
thay ddi cfte y ngMa va cftc bieu tfldng mft
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hp sfl dung trong hftnh ddng vft tfldng tfie
trfin ed sd diin dieh cua hp ve hoftn canh;
(6) Mpi ngfldi cd the thflc hifin nhflng bl
sung vfi thay ddi nfiy bdi vi, mdt phdn, nhd
kha nfing tfldng tftc nhau eua hp, cho phep
hp kiem ngMf ra cftc dang hfinh ddng kha
di, dinh gift efte thuftn ldi vft bfi't ldi tfldng
dfli rdi chpn ra mfit cfti;
(7) Cfie khufin mfiu bfin ldy nhau eua
hfinh dfing vft tfldng tac tao ra cac nhdm
vft cftc xa hfli.
Nhfl vfty, vific ly giai y nghia eua hfinh
vi gifla eftc eft nhftn ddng vai trd quan
trpng the hifn mfii tfldng tftc gifla cae ca

nhan. Hay ndi each khae, mli tfldng tftc
gifla cftc eft nhan dflde thfle Mfn thdng
qua cd che ly giai y nghia cfl chi, hfinh vi,
boat ddng cua eftc ben tham gia. Tfldng
tfic bieu trflng dflde hieu lfi sfl tfie ddng
ldn nhau vdi sfl hd trd tfl cftc bieu tfldng
vfi thfing qua cd chl ly giai hftnh ddng cua
cftc eft nhftn tfldng tftc vdi nhau. Nlu nhfl
Mead nhdn manh edu trfle cua "eai tfii" d
cfi'p dfi vi mfi - eft nhftn 1ft cdu true xa hdi
thi Blumer ed xu hfldng md rdng y tfldng
eua Mead thdng qua vific md rflng khai
nifm cdu true xa hdi d efi'p dfi vi rafl. Theo
Bluraer can nghien eflu nhflng efi'u trfle
xft hfi vdi tfl each lfi phflc the cae vi t h i
xa hdi, vai trd xfi hfii, t l chflc xa hfii, tMit
chfi' xa hdi vft eftc mfli quan hf gifla
chung'^'(lO). Blumer eung khdng dinh
(*> Tit dien Xa hoi hoc (2001), Nxb. Dai hoc Quoc gia
Hft Noi, tr.528.
"" Le Ngoc Hung (2011), Lich sd vd ly thuyS't xa h0i
figc, Nxb. Dai hoc Qudc gia Hft Nfii. tr.326.
<^ E.A.Capitonov, (1996), Nguyin QuJ Thanh dich,
2003, tr.46.
^ Vu Quang Hft (2001), Cdc ly tkuyit Xd hgi hgc, tftp 1
vft tftp 2, Nxb. D ^ hgc Qufic gia Hft Noi. tr.470.
*' > Lfi Ngoc Hung (2011), Lich sd vd ly tkuyit xd hgi
iigc, Nxb. D^i hoc Quoc gia Hft Nfii. tr.340.
N H A N LUC KHOA KQC XAHOI

g |


Y NGHIA CT!rA THUYET T U O N G T A C BIEU TRUNG...
nhflng efi'u true xa hfli vi mfl nfiy khong
quy dinh hftnh vi vdi ngMa 1ft con ngfldi
phai phan flng lai mdt cftch trflc t i l p vdi
cftc y l u td' eua edu trfle xa hdi mfi chinh
cfte ye'u to' eua hf thdiig xa hdi, edu true
xa hdi, td ehfle xfi hdi, vftn hda, vi the, vai
trd xa hfii, t r u y i n thdng, gifi tri, chudn
mflc xfi hpi 1ft nhflng d i l u kifn eua tinh
hudng xfi hfii trong do eon ngfldi hfinh
dpng vfi tfldng tftc vdi n h a u . D i l u dd cd
ngMa tfldng tftc xft hpi lfi tfldng tftc gifla
cftc ca n h a n d i i n r a trong nhflng d i l u
kifin cua tinh huong xft hpi nhfi't dinh.
Hfinh dflng xfi hfli eua ca nhftn lfi mdt bfl
phfin cfi'u thfinh eua hfinh dfing eflng
nhau, trong do mfli efi nhfin ed vi tri nhdt
dinh vft thfle Men nhflng hfinh dfing
tfldng flng d l cflng ddng gdp vfio hfinh
ddng ehung. Tfi't ea nhflng y l u to nfiy tao
thfinh efi'u trfle xa hdi. Blumer ciing nhdn
manh chinh ca nhftn q u y l t dinh vific khdi
xfldng, thfle hifin, d i l u ehinh, b i l n ddi
hfinh dfing t r e n ed sd nhflng gi mfi efi
nhfin dd quan sftt, ly giai b i i u tfldng,
hftnh vi, hoBit ddng cua ngfldi khfie trong
mdi lifin hfi, quan hf xa hdi'^'.

V I mat phfldng phap Man, d l ngMfin
eflu hftnh dpng xa hfii vfi tfldng tfie xa hfli,
Blumer chu trfldng phai k l thfla va phftt
trien nhiing phfldng phfip vfi ky thuftt cd
kha nftng di sfiu tim M l u dflde the' gidi ben
trong gdm eae kinh nghifm, trai nghifra
eiia cftc eft nhfin. N l u nhfl cftc nha chflc
nfing Mfin di theo kifiu d i l n dich tfle lfi tfl
ly t h u y l t dfi'n gia t h u y l t khoa hpe vft vft'n
d l thfle tifin tM Bluraer cho rang thuyfii
tfldng tftc bidu trflng sii dung phfldng
phap quy nap. Dd la xuft't phat tfl vifc
quan sat vfi'n d l cu the, tfl bftng chflng, sfl'
hfu vfi thflng tin cu t h i d i n khai quat hda.
U]

NHAN LUC KHOA HOC XA Htfl

hinh dung ca cMnh t h i xfi hfi. Vifc
ngMfin eflu hfinh dfing xft bfii, cft'u true xa
bfii dfla trfin giftc dp cua ngfldi trong eufie.
Bluraer cung chii trfldng vifc phfit triln
cac phfldng phfip vft nhflng cfing cu ngMfin
cflu tMeh hpp. Qua t r t n h nghifin eflu dfldc
ehia t h a n h hai giai doan trong do giai
doan ddu lfi giai doan thfim dd, tim Mlu
d l xftc dinh vdn d l cdn ngMfin cflu; giai
doan t i l p theo dd 1ft xem xfit ti mi, kJ
lfldng vfi hf thdng va'n d l da dflde xftc
dinh. Cftch xem xet quft trtnh ngMen cflu

cua Blumer cho thfi'y sfl edn tMet phai
p h a n bifit vfi k i t hdp y l u tfi' ly thuylt vfi
yfi'u tfi' quan sftt, hai loai phfldng phfip
luftn dinh tinh vfi dinh lfldng'^"'.
2. M o t so' d a c d i e m c u a d i a b a n
nghifin cflu
Ba Vi lfi mfit huyfin mien nui eua thu dfl
Hft Ndi bao gdm n M l u dftn tdc sinh sfihg
bao gdm ngfldi Kinh, Mfldng vfi ngfldi Dao.
Mae dfl ehi each Hft Npi 60km va chiu cftc
tae dfng anh hfldng eua qua trtnh do thi
hda nhflng d^e trflng kinh tfi' ehinh cua
huyfn Ba Vi vftn la phftt trten ndng
nghifp dfla vfio trdng trpt vft ehfin nuoi
trong do linh vflc trdng trpt cd cfty trdng
ehu dao lfi lua vfi hoa mfiu vfi linh vflc
chftn nudi ehu yfi'u bao gdm nufli ldn, bd va
gft, vit, ngan.
Phfl hdp vdi dfie thfl kinh te chung cua
ca huyfn, kei qua ngMfin eflu tfl dilu tra
ehpn rafiu t a i ba xa/thi t r a n Tfiy Dfing,
T i l n Phong vfi Ba Vi cung cho thdy dfic
difim kinh t l bfi gia dinh chu yfi'u vftn la

*" Xem: Epstein, Cynthia F (1988, Deceptive Distinctions.
Yale University Press, New Haven and London &
Russell Sage Foundation, New York, tr.l7.
""' Xem: Le Ng9c H i n g (2011), Lich si vd ly thuyit xd
kdi Ape, Nxb. D^i hpe Qufic gia Hft Noi. tr.340.
StfO-2017

NGUYfiN HONG LINH
san xuat nong ngMfip k i t hdp vdi san xudt
k m h doanh dich vu trong thdi gian ndng
nhfin. NgMfin cflu v l dfic trflng ddt dai
eua kinh t l ho gia dinh cho thdy, mfie du
nguon sinh k l chinh cua efie hp gia dmh
dfldc lfi'y tfl san xudt nfing ngMfp nhifng
difn tieh dfii nfing ngMfip sfl dung eho san
xufi't Men dang dflpc sd hflu bdi efie hd gia
dinh khdng ldn. Dft't dai lfi phfldng tifn
san xufti ehinh, tao nfin sfl thftnh eong cho
ngfldi ndng dfin trong linh vflc san xudt
nfing ngMfp. Ngudn dat dai efing ldn, cfing
da dang tM cd hpi phfit t r i l n san xudt
cfing cao, gdp phdn tfing t h u nhfip.
Ddi vdi cfie xa/thi t r d n trong mfiu
nghifin eflu, khfing ed xa/thi trfi'n nfio lfi
lfing n g h i t r u y i n tho'ng. Sd hp t h a m gia
vfio linh vflc san xudt eong nghifip, t i l u
thii efing ngMfp r d t thfi'p, ehifi'm khoang
3%, tftp t r u n g ehu yfiii d k h u vfle thi trft'n
Tfty Dftng. Nfim 2015, tdng gift tri s a n
xufi't cflng ngMfp, t i l u t h u cflng nghifp xfiy dflng ciia thi t r d n Tfty Ddng dat
104,5 ty ddng, dat 98,2% k l hoach nam.
Trong nhdm nfiy, m u i n h p n ehii y l u lfi cfie
ngfinh tieu t h u cong ngMfp nhfl e h i bifiii
thfle phdm, may mftc, s a n xuft't dd mdc, ed
khi, difin mfty, difn td, vien thfing... vdi

quy mfi hfi gia dinh, ca n h a n . Trong khi
dd, xft Tifin Phong va Ba Vi chu trpng v l
mfit sfi' ngfinh n g h i vfin tai, xfty dflng, sAa
chfla cd khi.
Trong ba xa/thi trft'n thupc dia ban
ngMfin cflu, thi trft'n Tfty Ddng lfi ndi tfp
trung n M l u hfi lfim trong linh vflc dieh vu,
du lich nhdt, chiera 26% trong tdng sd bfi.
Cae loai h i n h dieh vu da dang, phong phu.
Tfi'ng gift tri nhdm ngftnh nfty dat 124,8 ty
ddng nfim 2015. Ty If hfi trong Hnh vfle
dieh vu, du lieh t^i h a i xa Tifin Phong vfi
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Ba Vi thdp, xfi'p xi 2% taii mdi xfi, chu yeu
Ift cftc boat dfing kinh doanh nhd le cua
ngfldi dan nhfl kinh doanh hfing tap hda,
Ifim may, sfla ehfla cd khi...
3. Y n g h i a c u a t h u y l t tfldng t a c
b i i u t r f l n g t r o n g n g h i e n cufu p h u nS
v d i phftt trie'n k i n h t l h o gia d i n h &
B a Vi - H a N6i
Trong nghien cflu ve vai trd eua phu nfl
trong phat trien kinh te' hfi gia dinh dflde
the Men d phfldng phap lufin ngMen eflu,
nhfim lfim sfing td vai trd, sfl the Men,
ddng gdp eua ngfldi phu nfl trong gia dinh
v l mat kinh te thfing qua cfte boat dpng
san xudt, tfti san xudt eua hfi gia dinh, Sfl
the Men vai trd eua ngfldi phu nfl dfldc

nhin nhfin thfing qua sfl tfldng tae eua hp
vdi efie thfinh vifin khfte trong gia dinh
trong boat dfing kinh t l eua hd gia (finh vft
trong qua trinh tfldng tftc dd, efte efi nhfin
Meu vfi thfla nhfin sfl ddng gdp cua mdi
ngfldi ddi vdi kinh te chung cua gia dinh.
De Meu ro vai trd cua ngfldi phu nfl trong
boat dpng kinh tfi' cua ho gia ifinh, edn
xem xfit quan diem eua chinh ngfldi trong
eufe, mfi d dfiy lfi ngfldi phu nfl trong gia
dinh - ngfldi dam nhifim efie vai trd khae
nhau, trong dd ed vai trd trong ddng gdp
vfio sfl phat trien kinh te cua gia dinh.
Ngofii r a trong quft t r i n h tfldng tftc vdi
cftc thftnh vifin trong gia dinh, ban than
ngfldi phu nfl tfl y thflc d l xfiy dflng bieu
tfldng cua minh cho eae thfinh vifin tuftn
t h u theo, cu t h i hp Mfin cfl' gftng thfle Mfin
vfi phftt huy nd lflc k h a nfing, vai trd cua
minh trong qua trinh thflc hifn cftc efing
vifc trong boat dfing phat t r i l n kinh t l tai
gia d m h cu t h i nhfl sau:
Trong boat dfing san xudt, hp lufin Ifi
ngfldi dam nhftn nhieu efing vife tfl gieo
fJ LUC KHOA HOC XAH

Bl


Y NGHIA C^A THUYET T U O N G T A C B I ^ U T R U N G . .

trdng, ehfim sde d i n t h u hoach, ngofti r a
hp edn nhfie nhd, p h a n cdng nhflng hoat
dpng eho cftc thftnh vien trong gia dinh
cflng thflc Mfn, hp dam nhftn r d t nMeu
vai trong gia ddnh, dai d a sfi' nhflng ngfldi
phu nfl d Ba Vi trong con mdt cua chdng
eon, hp 1ft mftu ngfldi p h u nfl d i l n Mnh
cdn cu, chiu thfldng chiu khd, hfii long vi
gia (Mih, hp 1ft bieu tfldng d l efte eon tfl
hfto vfi noi theo.
Trong boat dflng tfti s a n xufi't, p h u nfl
eung ehinh lfi ngfldi dam nMfm cftc cdng
vife ehinh thflng qua sfl tfldng tftc vdi cftc
thfinh vifin trong gia dinh, tfl vife nfli trd
d i n chfira sde n l u ed thfinh vifin trong gia
(finh daufi'm,nhflng ban t h a n hp lufin y
thfle vft ehiu tMft thdi, h y sinh sd tMeh eft
n h a n d l ludn ed' gdng duy t r i vft gifl gin
Mnh tfldng dfi dflpe xfiy dflng, mfie du chiu
n M l u sfl dinh kifiii gidi.
L^ t h u y l t tfldng tae b i i u trflng gdp
phdn cung cdp cd sd 1;^ luftn trong phan
tich f ngMa efie h i l u tfldng thflng qua quft
trinh tfldng tftc cua ngfldi p h u nfl trong
gia (finh.Vai trd ciia ngfldi p h u nfl dfldc
t h i Mfn ro nfit thdng qua sfl tfldng tftc eua
hp vdi nhflng ngfldi khac trong gia dinh.

cae b i i u tfldng cd y ngMa trong qua trinh

hp giao tiep vdi cftc thftnh vifin trong gia
dfii thoai bdng difu bfi, gipng ndi ngdn ngfl
dfldc b a n thfin ngfldi phu nfl phat di thdng
t m tM ngdn ngfl cd b i i u tfldng kieh tMch
cftc thfinh vifin khfte eung tham gia hoat
ddng, gipng ndi n h e nhfing, kMeh lfi, eung
1ft mfit trong nhflng y l u to giup eho ngfldi
phu nfl dat dflpc nMfm vu thfing qua vai
trd cua minh.
Tiep efin Iy thuyet tfldng tac bieu trflng
eiing dflde flng dung trong nghifin eflu ed
efi'u kinh tfi' eua hfi gia dinh thfing qua
vife tfldng tfie gifla cfic boat dpng cua efte
thfinh vifin trong gia dinh trong qufi trinh
lao dfing tao r a t h u n h f p cua cfic thftnh
vifin. Bdi theo quan d i l m eua thuyet tfldng
tftc bieu trflng tM: mdt ca cdu khdng daqc
coi la mgt sa hqp nhdt long leo, hai ngdu
nhiin cdc nguyin td' daqc ddt vdo vdi
nhau trong mdt thdi gian ngdn. Md no
daqc thiit lap bdi mot si thdnh td' chu
yiu, cd sa xdp xip xdc dinh vd cdc quan
hi bin vOng. Cdc thdnh to' ndy khong
daqc gom lqi ta nai ndy ncti khdc, nha Id
edc nguyen to'cua hodn cdnh nhOng ludn
Y ngMa eua t h u y l t tfldng tftc biiu daqc tim thdy cung vdi nhau nha mdt ke
trflng trong nghien cflu phu nfl edn cung thong... D i l u nfty dflde ehflng minh thfing
cdp cho chung t a nhftn thfle rd sfl bien ddi qua radi lien hf eua cftc thftnh vifin trong
v l md Mnh, ehudn mflc, gift tri, khudn gia dinh t a i nfing thfln dftc bift 1ft trong

mftu v l ngfldi phu nfl qua efie thdi kJ' vfi thdi bao edp t h i sfl gfin k i t gifla efie thftnh
vai trd eua hp trong gia (finh ciing cd vifin trong boat dpng kinh t e hp gia dinh
n M l u thay d l i tich efle h d n cfic khufin t h i hifn rdt rd rftng.
m l u eu rfi't nMlu.
Tilp efn ly t h u y l t nfiy eung gdi phfldng

Sfl t h i hifn cfte lfla chpn eua ea nhan
ngfldi phu nfl thfing qua cftc h i l u tfldng cd
y ngMa nhft't dfldc thflc Mfn trong vai trd
cua minh dd la "ngdn ngfl", sfl tftp hdp tft't
ca cftc ftm t h a n h cd k h a nftng trd thfinh
Q

N H A N L I ^ KHOA HQC XA Htfl

phap lufn k e t hdp ngMfin cflu dinh tinh
vft dinh Ifldng trong ngMfin eflu vai trd cua
ngfldi phu nfl dd lfi tim Meu, ly giai y ngMa
cfic b i i u tfldng thflng qua eftc phfldng phftp
d i l n dft, phdng v&n sftu, thao luftn nhdm.
stf 0-2017


NGUYEN H 6 N G LINH
Kit luan
KM vftn dung thuyet tfldng tftc b i i u
trflng trong ngMen cflu v l vai trd cua phu
nfl trong phftt trien kinh te hp gia dinh,
cdn Iflu y nhflng Mfin d i l m chinh sau:
Tha nhdt, tfldng tac (mteraction) 1ft mdt

ddn vi cd ban cua sfl kifn xft hdi mft tai dd
con ngfldi dinh hfldng hftnh vi eiia hp vfio
n h a u dfl 1ft hp theo dudi cftc ki vpng lftn
n h a u hay ehfing dfii nhau. Tfldng tae chiu
sfl a n h hfldng cua ehudn mfle vfi vai trd xfi
bfli, cua Mnh mfiu hftnh vi dfldc thfla n h f n
va sfl Id vpng chu quan, cua nhflng ngfldi
t h a m gia.
Tha hai, xft hfli dfldc tao thfinh tfl sfl
tfldng tfie eua vfl sd ea nhfin; bfii k^ hfinh
vi vft cd chi nfto cua con ngfldi dfi'u cd vd sd
eae y ngMa khfic nhau; hftnh vi vft boat
dpng cua con ngfldi khdng nhflng phu
thude mft cdn thay ddi eflng vdi cftc y nghia
bifiu trflng.
Tha ba, t h u y l t tfldng tftc bieu trflng
nhfi'n m a n h hftnh dong xa hpi cua eftc ca
nhftn dflde eftc ca nhftn kifi'n tao, thfle
Mfn thflng qua qufi t r i n h giai nghia hftnh
dflng cua ngfldi khac vfi ly giai t i n h hud'ng
cua hp.
Tha ta, sfl
phu nfl dfldc
tfldng tftc cua
trong gia dinh
hp gia dinh.

t h i hifin vai trd ciia ngfldi
n h m nhfin thfing qua sfl
hp vdi eftc thfinh vifin khfte

trong ho^t dflng kinh te eua

Tha ndm. If thuyfii tfldng tftc bidu trflng
gdp phdn cung edp ed sd ly lufn trong
p h a n tich f nghia cac b i i u tfldng thfing
qua qua t r i n h tfldng tae eua ngfldi phu nfl
trong gia dinh, dflde t h i hifin ro nfit thflng
qua sfl tfldng tac eiia hp vdi nhiing ngfldi
khae trong gia dinh.
stf 6-2017

TAI L I E U THAM KHAO
1. Chung A - N g u y i n D m h Tftn, Chu
Men (1997), Nghiin cihi Xd hdi hex, Nxb.
Chinh tri qufl'e gia, Hfi Npi.
2. Bfli The Cfldng, Dfing Thi Vift Phfldng,
Trinh Huy Hda (2012), Ta diin Xd hqi hqc
Oxford, Nxb. Dai hpe Qude gia Hfi Nfii.
3. Pham Tdt Dong, Lfi Ngpe Hflng (2008),
Xd fwi hgc, Nxb.The gidi. Ha Ndi.
4. Gunter Endruweit (ehu bifin, 1999),
Cdc ly thuyit xd kgi hgc hiin dqi, Nguy
Hflu Tftm dich nguyfin ban tilng Dflc,
Nxb. T h i Gidi.
5. Gunter Endruweit vft Gisela Trommsdorff
(2001), Ta diin Xd hgi hgc, Nguy Hflu
Tfim vfi Nguyen Hoai Bfio dieh nguyen
ban tifi'ng Dfle, Nxb. T h i Gidi.
6. Vu Quang Ha (2001), Cdc ly thuyit
Xd hdi hgc, tfip 1 va tap 2, Nxb. Dai hpc

Qufi'e gia Hfi Ndi.
7. Lfi Ngoc Hung (2011), Lich sd vd ly
thuyet xd hqi hgc, Nxb. Dai hpc Qufi'c gia
Hfi Nfii.
8. Vu Manh Ldi (2000), Mdt
sdquan
diim ly thuyit vigidi trong nghiin cau gia
dinh, tap ehi Xa bfii hpe, sfi' 4.
9. Trinh Vftn Tung (2014), tdng thuftt tfl
ANKOUN Andrfi vfi ANSART Pierre, Ta
diin xd fwi fwc C'Dictionnaire de sociologi^',
1999), Paris, Nxb. Le Robert/Seuil.
10. Thorne, Barrie (1988), Feminist
Rethinking of tfie Family: An Overview. In
Rethinking tfie Family, edited by Barrie
Thome, and Marilyn Yalom, Longman,
New York.
11. Epstein, CyntMa F (19880, Deceptive
Distinctions.Yale University Press, New Haven
and London & Russell Sage Foundation,
New York.
12. England P., and F a r k a s G (1986),
Households, Employment, and Gender.
Aldine De Gruyter, New York.
NHAN LU)C KHOA HOC XA HQI

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