Thực trạng xây dựng văn hóa gia đình ở thành phố hồ chí minh hiện nay

I*.'.

_

I R U O N G B A I H Q C S U P H A M T P H O CHl MINH

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION

l - M - l T«P CHi KHOA HQC

JOURNAL OF SCIENCE

ISSN;
KHOA HQC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN
1859-3100 TJp 14, S6 2 (2017): 158-170

SOCIAL SCIENCES AND HUMANITIES
V „ l ,4 f^ j gom
158170

Email- lapcltikhaihodgliamie.eduvn:

tfebstle: hnpMckh.hcmue edu.vn

\JTH\rC TRANG XAY DV*NG VAN HOA GIA DINH
6 THANH PHO HO CHI MINH HIEN NAY
Nguyin Kiiu Tiin
Ngiy Tda so^n nt)$n tJUpc b^r 03-11-2016: ngiy phin bi^n d^nh gii- 21-11-2016. ngdy chip nh$n OSng- 22-02-2017

TOM

TAT

Bdi bdo di cap thyc trgng xdy dyng vdn hda gia dinh (VHGB) d Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh
(TPHCM) trong nhdng ndm gdn day. Ben cgnh nhieng thdnh tuu dgt dwgc nhu: phong trdo xdy
dung "Gia dinh van hda " ngdy cdng nhdn rgng, cdc chuc ndng VHGB dugc ddm bdo thyc hiin va
cd nhieu tien bd— thi vdn ton tgi nhiiu hgn che nhu: tinh trgng bgo lyc gia dinh, ti 10 li hdn cao...,
do do, viec xdy dyng VHGB a TPHCM Id rdt quan trgng vd cdp thiit.
Tit khda: gia dinh, v^n hda, van hda gia dinh, Thanh phd Ho Chi Minh.
ABSTRACT
The reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City
The article discusses the reality of building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City in recent
years. Besides achievements such as the widespread movement of buiding "Civilized family",
committed civilized family fuctions and progresses, there are still some shortcomings such as
damily violence, high divorce rate, etc.; thus, building family culture in Ho Chi Minh City is
essential and urgent.
Keywords:femily,culture, family culture. Ho Chi Minh City.
1.

Mddau
Trong tien trinh lich sft nhdn logi, gia
dinh (GD) cd mdt vi tri va vai trd dgc bift.
"GD Id te bao cfta xd hdi. Id cdi ndi than
ydu nudi duSng cd ddi ngudi, la mdi
trudng quan trpng giao dye nep sing va
hinh thdnh nhan edch" [3, tr.233]. GD cdn
la noi tidp nl^n, ke thfta vd chuyen giao
nhiing gia tri truyen thong cua dan tpc tft
thi ndy sang thi hf khdc. GD Id cai glc cua
con ngudi, con ngudi bdt ddu tft GD; do
do, vdn hda con ngudi cung bdt ddu tft

VHCJD vd mang dam ddu dn cfta VHGD.
VHGD Id nen tang cua vdn hda con

quan hf gifta cae thanh vien trong GD va
gifta GD vdi bdn ngodi. VHGD gift vi tri
quan trpng trong su phdt trien xa hfi; do
do, xay dung VHGD cd y nghTa chiln lupc
ddi vdi su phdt triln chimg ciia moi quic
gia, trong dd cd Vift Nam.
TPHCM vdi vi tri Id trung tdm kinh
te, chinh tri, vdn hda ldn ciia cd nude. Sy
phdt tridn cua Thdnh phi (TP) ddng gdp rat
ldn cho su phdt triln chung cfta cd nude,
Trong nhftng ndm qua, cdng tdc xdy dyng
VHGD d TP dd dgt nhilu thdnh tyu nhdt
dinh, GB ngdy cdng tien bp ve nhilu m§t.
Tuy nhien, nhieu hgn chl vdn cdn tdn tgi

ngudi, vdn hda xa hpi. VHGD chi phoi mdi

trong qud trinh xdy dyng VHGD, trd thanh

• Tru'6'ng Dgi hpc Sir phgm TPHCM; Email:

158


TAP CHl KHOA HQC - Tru-dng DHSP TPHCM

Nguyin Kieu Tien

can lyc cho sy phdt triln GD, phdt ttiln cfta "Todn dan dodn ket xay dyng ddi song vdn
TP. Do do, xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM hda". Cung nhu cac tinh thdnh khdc trong
hifn nay Id vdn de cdp thidt.
ca nude, vdn de VHGD ludn dupe Ddng bp
2. Quan nifm vl van hda gia dinh
TPHCM quan tdm xdy dyng. Sau hon 20
Hifn nay, dd cd nhieu each hilu, ndm trien khai thuc hifn cupc v|in dpng
each li gidi khdc nhau ve khdi nifm "vdn "Todn dan dodn kit xay dyng ddi sing vdn
hda gia dinh" tfty theo gdc df tiep c ^ cfta hda d khu ddn cu" (1995-2016) vd hon 15
tftng ngudi, tftng bf mdn khoa hpc. Tuy ndm phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xay
nhidn, cd thi ndi: "VHGD la mpt dang ddc dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" (2000-2016) tt^n
thu cfta vdn hda xd hpi bao gom tdng thi
dia bdn TPHCM da phdt triln deu khdp vd
cac gid tri, chuan myc, cdeh hdnh xft cfta
lan tda din tgn co sd; nhieu md hinh mdi,
xa hfi md cdc thanh vidn cfta GD cftng tidp nhilu gidi phdp hay tft thyc tidn phong trdo
nhgn de ftng xft vdi nhau trong GD vd dupe nhdn rfng. [12]
ngodi xd hfi" [4, tr.261-262].
Trong phong trdo "Todn ddn doan kit
3. Thyx tr^ng xay dung van hda gia
xdy dyng ddi song vdn hda", phong trdo
duih d TPHCM hifn nay
xdy dyng "GD vdn hda" ludn gift vi tri cdt
3.1. Nhitng thdnh tuu trong xdy dvmg ldi, nln tdng, chi phdi hdu hit cdc tieu
VHGD d TPHCM
chuan vdn hda khdc d gdc df GD. Phong
(i) Phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit xdy trao xdy dyng GD vdn hda cua TP dd thu
dyng ddi sdng vdn hda " vd phong trdo xdy hftt ddng ddo cac cdp, ngdnh, tdng ldp nhan
dung "GD vdn hda " dgt dugrc nhiiu thdnhddn tham gia. Trong nhftng ndm qua, cufc

tyu vd ngdy cang nhdn rgng
vdn dfng ndy dd dgt nhieu thdnh tyu to ldn,
Mft trong nhiing thdnh tyu ldn trong dupe phdn dnh qua sd lifu cfta Ban chi dgo
xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM phdi kl din todn dan xdy dyng ddi sing van hda d co
ddu tien dd Id kit qud cua phong trdo sd nhu Bang 1 sau ddy:
Bdng 1. S6 hg GB dgt danh hieu "GD van hda " (2008-2013)
Nim

S6 h$ ding ki

Sb h$ dft

2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

1.111.397
1.144.711
1.171.967
1.221.381
1.230.445
1.281.087

974.971
1.015.553
1.052.379
1.088.982

1.122.044
1.166.764
Ngudn:[9]

159


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnj'dng OHSP TPHCM

Ngoai phong trdo xdy dyng "GD vdn
hda", cdn cd rdt nhieu cufc vdn dpng dupe
thyc hifn ling ghep nhu: cupc v§n dfng
"xdy dyng GD 5 khdng, 3 sgch" (khdng ddi
nghdo, khdng cd ngudi vi pham phdp lugt
va tf nan xa hpi, khdng cd bgo lyc GD,
khdng sinh con thft ba, khdng cd tre suy
dinh dudng vd bd hpc; sgch nhd, sgch bep,
sgch ngd). Thdng qua cdc cudc vgn ddng
nay, VHGD d TPHCM dd dgt dupe nhftng
chuyin biln tich cue vl nhidu ni|it.
Ngoai ra, TP cdn day manh thyc hifn
cdc dl dn truyln thdng cua Thft tudng
Chinh phu va Bf Vdn hda. The thao vd Du
Uch: Dd dn "Tuyen truyln, gido dye dao
dftc lli sdng trong GD Vift Nam" giai
dogn 2010 - 2020; Ndng cao chdt lupng
hogt dfng d 10 dp thupc xa Nhon Dftc vd
xd Phft Xudn, huydn Nhd Be; ftng dyng npi
dung tuydn truyen cfta de dn vdo hogt ddng
dia phuong. Thyc hifn long ghep vdi npi

dung D I dn "Gido dye 5 trifu bd mp nudi
dgy con tot": tuydn truyln d co sd nfi dung
tdi lifu "Giao tiep iing xft vdn hda trong
ddi sing GD" va "Giftp cha m? nudi dgy
con tit" (ddnh cho cha mp cd con Ifta tudi
vi thdnh nidn). [ U ]
Nhu v^y, thanh tyu trong qud trinh
thyc hifn phong trdo "Todn ddn dodn kit
xdy dyng ddi sdng vdn hda" ma trpng tam
Id phong trdo "GD vdn hda" gdp phdn Iam
cho cdng cufc xdy dyng VHGD d TPHCM
dgt nhieu thdnh qua t i t dpp, dung dinh
hudng, vfta gift gin nhihig gid tri tot dep
cfta truyen thing vfta tilp thu nhftng gid tri
hifn dgi. Cd the thdy cdc tidu chl de dgt GD

160

Tgp 14, So 2 (2017): 158-170

vdn hda Id nhiing chudn myc ca bdn nhdt
cfta VHGD.
(ii) Cd nhieng ddi mdi trong mdi quan
hi gida cdc thdnh viin trong GD
GD Id mft xa hpi thu nhd, trong dd
tdn tgi nhidu mdi quan hf gifta cdc thanh
vien nhu quan hf gifta vp chlng, gifta bl
mp vd con cdi, gifta anh - chi - em... d
TPHCM, GD hgt nhdn la kilu GD phi
bien, do dd hai mdi quan hf ddng chu y

nhdt la mdi quan hf vp - chdng; cl^ m? con cai.
Dilm bli biit trong mli quan hf vp
chdng trong GD d TPHCM dd la mftc dO
gia trudng thdp, tinh binh ddng cao so vdi
cdc khu vyc khdc trong nude. Vai ttd, dja
vi cfta ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD
dupe ndng Idn rd rft. Ddc diem ndy xuat
phdt tft chinh dilu kifn kinh tl xd hfi, d$c
bift la do sy tac dfng ciia mdi trudng dd
thi cdng nghifp. Ddy Id mpt ddc diem nli
bgt ttong VHGD d TPHCM, dd ciing \i
thdnh tyu, la xu hudng tiln bf ttong xay
dyi^ VHGD tren dia bdn TP ndi rieng v4
cd nude ndi chung. Sy binh ddng dd dupe
thi hifn qua mpt s l vdn de sau:
Trudc hit, vai trd lam chft GD dd cd
nhung thay ddi nhdt djnh. Neu nhu vdn hda
cfta GD truyln thing Vift Nam ndi chung
vd d^c bift Id ttong GD theo md hmh Nho
gido, thi ngudi ddn dng chinh Id try eft
GD, Id ngudi chft ttong GD. d TPHCM,
khi dupe hdi "Ngudi lam chft ttong GD
dng (ba)/ anh(chi) la ai?", cd 62,13% i
kiln cho rdng ngudi chft ttong GD la ca hai
vp chdng (xem Bilu dd 1).


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tm^ng DHSP TPHCM

Nguyin Kiiu Tien

Bieu do 1. Ti li liia chgn ngudi ldm chu trong GD (%)
CHCGIADINH

• Ch6ng • Vv "Cahai
Kit qud ttdn cho thdy ttong nhilu
Sy binh ddng ttong mli quan hf vp
GD d TPHCM, quan nifm ve ngudi ldm
chlng d TPHCM Id thdnh qud cfta mft qud
chft GD da cd it nliieu sy thay ddi. Ngudi
trinh dau tranh xda bd sy bdt binh ddng
chft GD khdng chi la vp hodc Id chong md
gifta nam vd nft. Tuy nhien, cdn nhgn thftc
ca hai vp chdng sS cftng Idm chft GD minh.
rdng tgo ra sy binh ddng ttong khi ttd ldi
Ddy Id xu hudng tiln bp, xudt phdt tft sy
cho cdu hdi "Ai Id ngudi chft GD?" chft
phdt trien mgnh me cua dilu kifn kinh t l khdng the xda bd vai trd ngudi chft GD.
xd hpi, tft cdng cupc gidi phdng phy nft
Trong GD phdi cd ngudi ldm chft thi mdi
khdi nhftng rdng bupc cfta xa hpi tnrdc dd.
cd tt^t ty ki cuong, khdng thd ai mudn ldm
Trudc day, ngudi chlng s5 dT la try cpt cua
gi thi Idm. Nip sing vd trgt ty, bfta bdi cfta
GD vi hp Id ngudi mang lgi nguon thu
cdc thdnh vidn sd phd vo sy hda thu$n, em
nh^p chinh cfta GD. Ngay nay, phy nft
dmcuaGD.
cung cd the di Idm, thgm chl cd thu nhgp
Kit qud khdo sdt cho thdy sy binh

cao hon ngudi chlng, thay ddi v l quan hf
ddng cfta moi quan hf vp - chong ttong GD
kinh te, dd giftp thay ddi dia vi xS hfi ciia
d TPHCM cdn the hifn ttong vifc sd hOu
ngudi phy nft, ngudi vp ttong GD.
mpt sd tai sdn ttong GD (xem Bdng 2).
Bdng 2. Ngudi dicng ten gidy td sd hieu mgt sd tdi sdn trong GD (%)
1

STT

TM sin

1

NhadSt
Co so SX
kinh doanh
Ot6
Xem4y

2
3
4

-^zr^

SP
59

Chong
Ti 1^ %
25,32

1

SP
39

Tz
Vy
Tilf%
16,74

1

SP
135

^ , ."ã
Ca
hai
Ti 1ô %
57,94

35

35

14

14

51

51

39
60

48,75
27,91

11
39

13,75
18,14

30
116

37,5
53,95


TAP CHi KHOA HOC - Tm-dng DHSP TPHCM

6 hdu hdt cdc logi tdi san, ngudi sd
hftu Id cd hai vp chdng, vdi nhd ddt Id

57,94% do ca hai vp chdng cftng dftng ten,
CO sd sdn xudt kinh doanh la 5 1 % vd ddi
vdi xe mdy Id 53,95%. Kit qua ndy chiing
minh rdng ttong nhilu cdng vide quan
ttpng cfta GD (mua nhd, kinh doanh...),
ngudi vp cftng ddng vai ttd quyet dinh.
Phdn ldn nhftng cdng vide quan ttpng deu
dupe dua ra bdn bgc dan chft vd dupe ca
hai vp - chdng thdng nhat.
Khi dupe hdi "Ai la ngudi phy
trdch chinh trong cac cdng vifc sau cfta

T&pl4, S6 2 (2017): 158-179

GD dng (ba)/ anh (chi)", cd 42,98% cho
rdng vp chlng nhu nhau khi cftng la dgi
difn GD lam vifc vdi chinh quyln. Cdn
ddi vdi vide hp hang, vifc tang, tifc cudi
cd 81,28% cho rdng vp chong nhu nhau.
Mac dft chiem ti If cdn thdp nhung cQng
cd 21,7% cho rang trong cdng vifc nfi
trp vp chdng nhu nhau. Ddy cung Id mft
budc tidn ttong qud trinh xay dyng moi
quan hf binh ddng gifta vp chlng it
TPHCM, ttong cdng cupc gidi phdng
ngudi phy nft khdi than phgn "ngudi day
td chinh" (xem Bieu dd 2).

Biiu dd 2. Ngudi phu trdch cdc cdng vi?c cua GD (%)

44.26

ll

\
achoog

Binh ddng gidi vira la van dl ca ban
cfta quyln con ngudi, vira la ydu cdu vd sy
phdt tridn xd hpi mpt cdeh cdng bdng vd
ben vftng, ddc bift ttong ddi sing GD thi
sy binh ddng gidi cdng quan trpng. Trong
cdng cufc gidi phdng phy nft, nlu GD la
mdi trudng binh ddng thi s@ la dpng lyc to
ldn de phy nft cd the ddu tranh ngodi xd
hfi. Mli quan hf binh ddng la mft gid tri
tiln bp md ttong qud trinh xdy dyng
VHGD ttTjng giai dogn tilp theo TPHCM

162

nil

I

cdn phm phdt huy.
Mli quan hf ciing khdng kdm phan
quan ttpng trong xdy dyng VHGD d
TPHCM do Id mdi quan hf gifta cha m? vft
con cdi. Trong cdng tdc xdy dyng VHGD d

TP, vifc xdy dyng mli quan hf nay cOng
dgt dupe nhieu thdnh qua thi hifn qua sy
chuyin bien ttong tftng GD. Con cdi van
ydu thuong, kinh ttpng cha mp, chdm
ngoan, thanh dgt (xem Bilu do 3).


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnfdng OHSP TPHCM

Nguyin Kieu Tien

Bieu dd 3. Ti li qiryin lua chgn cua con cdi trong mdt sd vdn di (%)

\L IL IL il
Cbon Inibag
Quan h{ bfo M
• BdmQlvachon
•

Bilu dl 3 cho thdy cd 83,83% cho
biet ttong GD, con cdi ty lya chpn bgn bd;
68,94% con cdi ty lya chpn cdeh dn m^c,
vd 80,85% con cdi ty lya chpn hinh thftc
vui choi, giai tri. Nhu v|y, cd thi thdy, con
cdi dupe quyen quyet dinh mpt so vdn dl
cua ban than, md khdng cd sy dp d$t cfta
cham^.
Trong nhilu GD, con cdi dupe bdy td
^ kiln, dupe tham gia vdo cac cdng vifc
chung. Kit qud dilu tra cho thdy cd

68,51% con cdi dupe hdi ^ kiln khi mua
sdm tai sdn ttong GD, 33,62% dupe hdi ^
kiln ttong cdc hogt dfng sdn xuat kinh
doanh vd ttong vifc phan chia tdi sdn cd
19,57% con cai dupe hdi y kien.
Kit quattdndd chftng minh phdn ndo
mli quan hf gifta cha mp vd con cdi trong
cdc GD d TPHCM dd dli mdi theo hudng
tdn trpng ty do cd nhdn, con cdi dupe gdn
gfti, trao dli tdmtinhthudng xuyen vdi cha
m?.

(iii) Bdn sdc vdn hoa ddn tgc dugc giie
gin vd phdt huy trong qud trinh xdy d{mg
VHGD d TPHCM
Bdn sdc vdn hda dan tpc la nhftng gid
tri ddc bift dupe vim ddp qua lich sft tdn tgi
vd phdt triln cua mft cfng ddng ddn tpc,
tgo ndn ndt dfc ddo phdn bift dan tpc dd
vdi dan tpc khdc [1]. O thdi dgi ndo vdn
hda GD cftng la nln tang cho vdn hda x3
hpi, VHGD la bp phgn co ban hinh thdnh
nen bdn sdc vdn hda truyln thing ddn tf c.
GD se Id noi tiep nhgn, kd thira vd chuydn
giao nhftng gid tri truyen thdng tdt d^p cfta
ddn tf c, tft thi hf ndy sang the he khdc.
Thdng qua vifc thd cftng td tien, le tit, GD d TPHCM nhdc nhd, gpi nhd,
truyln dgt cho cdc thd hf con chau ve
nhihig gia trj vdn hda truyln thdng cfta ddn
tpc. Cac hinh tiiftc ll - tit Id nhftng smh

hogt vdn hda tmh thdn. Id gia phong gia ll,
phdn anh nhiing gid tri truyen thing cfta
dan tpc.

163


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Trir&ng BHSP TPHCM

Tap 14, S6 2 (2017): 158-170

Bing 4. Ti !^ cdc hogt dgng cling ll dugc thftc hiin trong GB (%)

STT
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Cdc ho^t d$ng cung le
Gio 16 tien
Tet Doan Ng9
Ng&y rSm, mung mOt
Giao thira
Trung thu
RSm thang Bay
Ngiy 23 thdng Chap

Co
SP
212
131
130
191
67
110
113

TilfVo
90,21
55,74
55,32
81,28
28,51
46,81
48,09

SP
23
104
105
44
168
125
122

,

KhSng
Ti l | %
9,79
44,26
44,68
18,72
71,49
53,19
51,91

Nhu vgy, cd the thdy rdng nhftng gid
tr) tot dep ciia vdn hda dan tdc ve co bdn
vdn dupe gift gin ttong cdc GD d TPHCM.
Truyln thing vdn hda ddn tdc bdt ddu tft
VHGD vd dupe till hifn ro ttong VHGD.
Chinh vi the VHGD ddng vai ttd quan
ttpng ttong vifc gift gin vd phdt huy bdn
sdc vdn hda truyen thong dan tpc. Do do,
xdy dyng VHGD la mft yeu cdu quan
trpng ttong tiln trinh phdt triln cfta TP ndi
rieng va cd nude ndi chung.

ndng cfta VHGD tgi TP dgt nhieu hifu qud
tich cyc, ddc bift Id chftc ndng kinh te.
Cdng tdc chdm lo, phdt trien kinh te GD \k
mpt trong nhihig vdn dl ma TP rdt quan
tdm.
TPHCM Id dia phuong di ddu cd
nude ttong xda ddi, gidm r ^ d o . Trai qua

cdc giai dogn, mftc chuan hf nghdo dd tdng
Idn, dilu dd cho thdy mftc song ngudi dan
phdn ndo dupe cai thifn. Giai dogn 19922003 Id 3 trifu dong/ngudi/ndm d 12 qu^n
nfi thdnh vd 2,5 trifu ding/ngudi/ndm d 10
qugn, huyfn ngogi thanh. Giai dogn 20042008, mftc chudn hf nghdo Id 6 trifu
dIng/ngudi/ndm, khdng phdn bift thanh
till, ndng tiidn. Ddn giai dogn 2009-2015,
TPHCM tilp tyc ndng chudn ngheo len 12
trifu dIng/ngudi/ndm [10], Cdc (H) c6
hodn cdnh khd khdn tiiupc difn hp nghio,
GD chuih sach... dd dupe tgo dilu kifn
vay vdn thodt nghdo, timg budc dua ti If
hf ngheo trong TP gidm ddn hdng ndm.

(iv) Vi4c thirc hi$n cdc chiec ndng cua
VHGD dugc ddm bdo vd cd nhiiu tiin bd
Vdi vi tri Id trung tam kinh tl hdng
dau cfta ca nude, vifc thyc hifn cdc chftc

TP hodn thdnh muc tieu giai dogn 3
(2009-2015) trudc thdi hgn hai ndm vdi tic
dp gidm ngheo tuong ddi cao (binh qudn
1,6%/ndm), va tilp tyc thyc hifn cdc

Ngodi thd cftng to tien, bang khdo sdt
tten cung cho thdy, cdc GD d TPHCM cdn
thyc hifn mft s6 hogt dpng ciing ll khdc,
nhu: cung giao thfta vdi ti If Id 81,28%; tet
Doan Ngp 55,74%; ngdy rdm, mung mdt
55,32%. Nhihig hogt dfng cung ll la luc

GD, hp hang cd dip qudy qudn bdn nhau,
chia se vdi nhau ttong bdu khdng khi am
cftng, do la mdi tnidng vdn hda Idnh mgnh
dl GD tiiyc hifn chftc ndng giao dye ciia
minh.

164


Nguyin Kiiu Tiin

TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tnrdng OHSP TPHCM

chuong trinh giam nghdo tilp theo theo 2003 Id 5,65% din ndm 2012 da gidm
tftng giai dogn. Cung chinh nhd chuang xudng cdn 3,71%, binh qudn hdng ndm
trinh "Xda ddi giam nghdo" ma nhilu GD
giam 0,2%. Ti If cdc c§p vp chlng sft dyng
d TPHCM da trd ndn khd gid, cd dieu kifn bifn phdp ttdnh thai hdng ndm dgt khodng
chdm sdc GD hon. Thuc hifn chuong trinh
80% trong dd sft dyng bifn phapttdnhthai
Gidm nghdo, tdng hp khd, ndm 2014, TP dd hifn dgi dgt khodng 70%. Ben cgnh dd, tu
huy dfng 3.504,194 ti ddng, tdng 672,646 tudng trpng nam khinh nft, muon sinh con
ti ding so vdi ndm 2013, ttong do tSng vln ttai cfing cd chilu hudng giam, dilu dd
tin dyng Id 130 ti ddng, tdng chi ho ttp cac
dupe chftng minh phdn ndo qua ti s6 gidi
chinh sdch khdng hodn Igi Id 542,646 tl tinh khi sinh gidm ddn khoang cdeh chdnh
ding. Nam 2015 Id 3.531,894 ti ddng, tdng Ifch, ndm 2003 Id 123 be ttai/100 be gdi,
27,7tiddng so vdi ndm 2014. [8]
ndm 2012 la 106 bdttai/100be gdi. [7]
Cdng tdc kl hogch hda GD cftng dd

Trong chftc ndng td chftc ddi sdng
dgt nhidu thdnh tyu, vifc sinh con dupe
GD phdi kl ddn dd Id vifc td chftc biia com
quan tam tft trong giai dogn thai nghen cho GD (xem Bilu do 4). Nhdn mgnh din tdm
din khi sinh vd nudi dudng din tnidng quan ttpng cfta bfta com ddi vdi ddi sing
thdnh.
GD. Tdc gid Tft Gidy nhgn dinh: "Sy tan rd
Tdng kit 10 ndm thyc hifn chuong cua GD thudng bdt ddu tft sy tanrilcfta bfta
an GD truyln thing". Bfta com GD Id smh
trinh muc tidu quic gia Ddn sl - Kl hogch
hda GD tft ndm 2003 din ndm 2013, TP da hogt vdo mft thdi diem nhdt dinh trong
hodn thdnh xudt sdc cdc myc tidu Ddn sl - ngdy md mpi thdnh vien ciing ngoi dn vdi
Ke hogch hda GD dh ra. Theo sl lifu cua nhau d mft khodng khdng gian ndo dd theo
t y ban nhdn dan TPHCM, ti sudt sinh tiid If thirdng. Trong bfta com, cdc thanh
giam tft 15,80% ndm 2003 xuIng cdn vidn trong GD sg cd dip tdm tu ttd chuyfn,
14,03% ndm 2012. Ti If ttd sinh ra Id con thi hifn tinh cdm keo son gdn bd.
thft 3 ted len gidm deu hdng ndm, ndm
Biiu dd 4. Ti 1$ mice dg thvc
hi$n cdc bda cam trong GD (%)

ll I. L I.
Quin 3

Qu^nT

• Thudng xuy£n

Huyfn CO Chi

• it thufrng xuyfin

Ct3qufn,hu


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tni'dng OHSP TPHCM

Bilu dd 4 cho thdy ttong cdc mftc dp
tiiuc hifn bfta com GDtiiimftc do "thudng
xuyen" chilm ti If cao hon. Tuy nhien,
mftc df "it thudng xuyen" cung chilm ti If
khdng nhd, dgc biet d khu vye ndi thdnh
(Qu§n 3). Bfta com GD rdt quanttpng,bdi
vi biia com mang gid tri vdn hda to ldn,
chinh bdi no do con ngudi tgo ra; Id mpt
gid tri vgt chat nhung chfta dyng tinh
thuong ydu va mang chftc ndng gdn ket
mpi thdnh vidn ttong GD. Didu dd nhdc
nhd moi thanh vidn, mli GD cdn phdi cdn
bdng gifta cupc song GD va cdng vifc dd
cd thi duy tri dupe khdng gian sinh hogt
cua GD. Khdng gian dy sd Id mdi trudng
ddutidngido dye nhan cdeh moi ngudi, la
noi binh yen nhdt sau nhflng bdn bl, lo
toan cfta cupc sdng.
Nhu vdy, nhung thdnh tyu dgt dupe
ttong xdy dung VHGD Id thdnh qud cfta
mft qud ttinh xdy dyng lau dai, vupt qua
nhilu khd khan, thach thftc cfta Dang bp vd
Nhdn dan TP. Sy phdt triln ngdy cdng vupt
bgc cua TPHCM chinh la sy van dyng sftc

mgnh nfi sinh to Idn tft VHGD.
3.2, Mpt s6 hgn chi trong xdy d^g

ThM gian
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

T^p 14, So 2 (2017): 158-170
VHGD d TPHCM
Ben cgnh nhilu thdnh tyu ldn, xdy
dyng VHGD d TPHCM ttong nhftng ndm
qua vdn cdn mft sl hgn chl nhdt dinh. Do
la:
(i) Tinh trgng bgo lyc GD vd li hdn vdn
cdn xudt hiin trong mgt bg phgn GD a
TPHCM
0 Viet Nam, Ludt Phdng, chlng bgo
lyc GD nam 2007 da dinh nghia: "Bgo lyc
GD la hanh vi cl f cftatiianhvidn GD gay
tin hgi hodc cd kha ndng gay tdn hgi vl the
chdt, tinh thdn, kinh tl ddi vdi cdc thanh
vidn khdc ttong GD" [5]. Bgo lyc GD
khdng cdn don thuan chi Id hdnh vi danh
ddp ngupc ddi vd till xdc, vl tinh than; bgo
hdnh ttong tinh due; bgo lyc kinh tl... md
cdn Id hanh vi phgm tpi nghidm ttpng.
Trong nhftng nam qua, TP dd tich cyc

ttong cudc ddufranhphdng chdng bgo lyc
GD. Tuy nhien,tinhtrgng ndy van cdn xdy
ra ttong nhilu GD vdi rdt nhieu hinh thftc
bgo lyc khac nhaU.
Sd lifu thing ke cfta Uy ban nhan
dan TPHCM vd sd vy, hinh thftc bgo lyc
GD dupe trinh bdy d Bdng 6 sau day:

Bdng 6. Sd vu vd hinh thdc bgo l^cc GD
Hinh thi^c bjo lore GS
Tong s6
B^o lyc
B^o lyc
vy bao l|ic GB
tinh dye
tinh than
thSn the
2
130
364
188
5
173
486
280
4
396
257
HI
1

74
237
152
6
121
38
71

B^olyc
kinhte
44
28
24
10
6
Nguon: [9]


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tni'dng OHSP TPHCM

Nguyin Kiiu Tien

Theo kit qud dilu tta ciia chftng tdi, khi lift ke mudi hinh thftc bgo lyc GD thi cd
9/10 hinh thiic bgo lyc GD xudt hifn, ttong dd hinh thftc bgo luc chlng ddnh vp chilm ti If
Id 24,26%, chong mdng chiii vp Id 22,55%. Cd till tiidy, phy nft van Id dli tupng chftih
trong cdc vy bgo lyc GD. Chi cd 4,26% nhung cung la mft ddu hieu ddng bdo dfng vdi
hinh thftc bgo lyc Id con cdi ddnh cha mp, anh em ddnh nhau la 15,74%. Day Id nhthig hinh
tiiftc bgo lyc cd xu hudng xuat hifn ngay cdng nhilu trong xd hpi vd gdy dnh hudng rdt ldn
trong vifc gift gin tdn ti tr^t tyttongGD (xem Bdng 7).
Bdng 7. Cdc hinh thuc bgo l\cc GD da xdy ra trin dia bdn cu tru (%)

Co
Khong
STT Cdc hinh thue bao lire GS
SP
Ti If %
SP
Ti 1$ %
1
Ch6ng ddnh vgr
57
24,26
178
75,74
2
Vgr danh chong
19
8,09
216
91,91
3
Vg mdng chijri chong
52
22,13
183
77,87
4
Chdng mdng chui vg
53
22,55
182

77,45
5
Con cdi ddnh cha m?
10
4,26
225
95,74
6
Cha m^ ddnh con cdi
33
14.04
202
85,96
7
Chdu ddnh dng bd
2
0,85
233 •
99,15
Anh em ddnh nhau
37
15,74
198
84,26
8
Vg khong muon nhimg phdi
234
99,57
1
0,43

9
quan h^ tinh d\ic
Ch6ng khdng muon nhung
100,00
235
0,00
0
10
phdi quan h^tinhdye
B ^ lyc QBdlid bit ki hinh thiic ndo
ciing dl Ip nhiing tdc d$ng tieu cyc ddn
siic khde vd thi chat, tinh thk khdng chi
cua nan nhdn ma cdn ddi vdi cdc thdnh
vidn khdc trong GD; tdc dpng tidu cyc ddn
lyc lui?ng lao dgng, hoat ddng kinh te cua
GD, trdi ngugc vdi truydn thdng tdt d?p
ciJa vdn hda ddn tgc, VHGD.
CCmg vdd bao lyc GD, tinh tr?ng li
hdn d TPHCM da dnh hudng khdng nhd
den cdng tdc xay dyng VHGD. Theo dinh
nghia trong Luiit Hdn nhdn GD nam 2014:
"Li hdn Id vifc chim diit quan hd vg chdng
theo bdn dn, quydt djnh cd hi?u lyc phdp

Iu$t cia Tda dn" [6, tr.lO], 6 mjt tich cyc,
Ii hdn giup vg chdng "gidi thoat" cho nliau
khi khdng thd hda giai nhu Ph. Angghen
timg ndi: "neu tinh yeu dd hodn toan phai
nhat hojc bj mgt tinh yeu say ddm mod dt
di, till li hdn se Id dieu hay cho cd ddi bdn

cOng nhu cho xd hdi" [1, tr.I28]. Tuy
nhien, rdt nhidu h? qua tir vide Ii hdn nhu
sy dau khd cua vg, chdng trade that b?i
trong hdn nhan, gdy ra nhiing ed sdc tdm II
njng nd, ldu dai, ldm ddo ldn cudc sdng
GD; djo bidt, U hdn dnh hudng den vide
thyc hifn chftc ndng gido dye GD. Td Im
GD bi tan va dl Idm ndy sinh tdm trying
167


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng OHSP TPHCM

budn chdn, bdt dinh vd khdng tin tudng vdo
ngudi ldn cua ttd em. Dieu dd thuc day cdc
em tim den bgn be dl gidi khudy. Va chinh
dilu ndy Id mdi tiiidng thufn lpi dl trd vi
thdnh nidn thyc hifn nhftng hdnh vi tidu
cyc, hanh vi phgm tfi. Sd vy li hdn d
TPHCM tdng nhanh; nam 2000 cd 5871 vy
li hdn tiii nam 2005 Id 7984 vy va ndm
2007 Id 8734 vy, nam 2014 xet xft 1964 vy.
Cd thi thdy, s l vy li hdn ed gidm so vdi
trudc day song con s l dd van cdn cao. Li
hdn du vdi bdt eft II do ndo cfing dl lgi
nhung hdu qud ddng tiec cho GD vd xd hfi,
dnh hudng rat ldn den vifc xdy dyng
VHGD. Do dd, TPHCM cdn cd nhftng bifn
phap tich cue ngan chdn vd ldm gidm
nhiing vy li hdn.

(ii) Mgt sd GD d TPHCM vdn cdn tinh
trgng bdt binh ddng gida cdc thdnh viin
trong GD
Mdc dft tinh chdt binh ddng v l mil
quan hf vp - chdng ttong cdc GD d
TPHCM ngdy cdng till hifn rd, nhung vdn
cdn t i n tgi tinh trgng bdt binh ddng ttong
quan hf vp chdng d mpt so GD tgi
TPHCM. Trd ldi cho cdu hdi "Ai ldm chft
GD?", nlu so sdnh gifta cac y kiln chpn vp
ho|c chpn chlng thi cd din 32,77% lya
chpn Id chlng, frong khi dd chi cd 5,11%
chpn vp. Nhu v^y, mft thyc te dien ra Id
van cdn t i n tgi frong nhieu GD d TP sy bdt
binh ddng gifta vp va chlng, rut ngdn con
sd ndy la nhifm vy trong cdc giai dogn tilp
tiieo ciia TP. Cftng vdi dd, kit qud khdo sdt
Cling cho thay cd 72,77% •y kiln lya chpn
la vp, chi cd 1,28% lya chpn Id chlng khi
trd ldi cho cdu hdi "cdng vifc npi trp trong

168

Tgp 14, S6 2 (2017): 158-170

GD do ai phy trdch". Cd thi thdy, ttong
nhieu GD cdng vifc nfi ttp van do ngudi
vp ddm nh|n, dieu ndy mft phan cung xuat
phdt tft chinh tam II cam chiu cfta ngudi
phy nft. Ldm thi ndo d l phdt huy y kiln

"vp chlng nhu nhau" vd logi bd tu tudng
m§c nhidn vifc npi trp la cfta phy tsSt Id mft
ddi hdi rat bftc thiet. Nlu khdng thyc hifn
dupe dieu dd se tgo ra mft sy "bdt binh
ddng mdi" frong GD.
Khdng chi thi hifn frong moi quan
hf vp - chlng, sy binh ddng cdn till hifn
frong mli quan hf gifta cha m$ - con cdi.
Tdn trpng quyln ty do ddn chft cd nhan Id
dilu lu|lt phdp quy djnh va ddi hdi mpi
cdng ddn phai chdp hdnh, la mft nguyen
tdc xdy dyng GD hifn dgi d nude ta.
Nhung sy ddi hdi vl quyln, lpi ich, ty do
cd nhan cua con cdi cd tnidng hpp dd bi
ddy ldn thdnh chft nghia cd nhdn Ich ki til
su thilu hilu bilt cua trd. Trd ldu Idng,
choi bdi, ludi hpc, di vdi bgn xau, sa vao
cdc tf ngn xd hpi, cha mp mdt kilm sodt
con cdi, nhiing y kien cua cha m? khdng
dupe con cdi xem frpng, tilp thu, tdn ti tr§t
ty frong GD bi ddo If n. Quan hf gifta cha
mp - con cdi trong GD cdng thdng, thieu
gdn kit. Kit qud khdo sdt cd 4,26% con cdi
ddnh cha mp - Id mft con so bdo dfng. Mft
so y kiln cho rdng xa hfi dang xudt hifn
mft nhdm ngudi "hai It, mft nhieu" (con it,
It didu kifn cham sdc con ma chi cd nhilu

tiln).
TPHCM Id dd tiii phdt tiiln kinh tl

xd hpi bdc nhat cd nude, vi thi thyc trgng
frdn dang la xu hudng ttong cdc GD d ddy.
Sy tiiay ddi ndy sS dnh hudng khdng nhd


TAP C H ! K H O A HOC - Tru'dng DHSP TPHCM

ddn vide thyc hifn hf gid tri chftc nfing cfta
VHGD tgi TP.
(iii) Mgt bd phgn GD d TPHCM chua
chd trgng tham gia cdc hogt dgng cgng
ddng
Vifc tham gia cdc hogt dong cfng
ding cd vai ttd rdt ldn dli vdi cdng tdc xdy
dyng vdn hda ciia cdc GD. Thdng qua cac
hogt dpng ndy, mSi thdnh vien ttong GD vd
cdc GD cd didu kifn ttao ddi, giao luu v l

Nguyin Kiiu Tien

mpi m^t tri, thi, ml dl hodn thifn bdn thdn,
tidp thu nhihig gid tri mdi, gdp phdn xdy
dyng GD ngdy cdng tien bp, van minh.
Tuy nhien, mpt van dl dang quan
tdm Id mft bp phdn GD d TPHCM cdn
thieu quan tdm din cdc hogt dfng cfng
ding. Kit qud khdo sat cho thdy cd tdi
69,36% GD "It tiiam gia", "khdng bao gid
tiiam gia" Id 7,66% (xem Bang 8).

Bdng 8. Muc dg tham gia cdc hogt ddng cdng ddng ciia cdc GD (%)

Miiivdd
it tham gia
Thudng xuyen
Khdng bao gid
4.

Bdngy
Sd phieu
163
54
18

Kltlu|n
Trong bdi cdnh ddi mdi dat nude
hi?n nay, vdn de xay dyng vdn hda GD 6
TPHCM cang cdn dugc quan tam. Trong
nhihig ndm qua, TP dd d^t nhidu thanh tyu
ndi b^t trong xdy dyng VHGD, ddd song
vjt chdt vd tinh thdn cua cdc GD ngdy cdng
dugc ndng cao. Trong GD, mdi quan h?
giiia cae thdnh vidn ngdy cdng ddn chil,
binh ddng trdn eo s6 tdn trgng lln nhau;
GD cd y thiic giii gin bdn sdc vdn hda ddn
tgc, phat huy cdc gid trj trayen thdng; chdm
lo phat tridn kinh te GD, nudi dudng, gido

1.
2.

3.
4

Ti l | %
69,36
22,98
7,66

Khdng ddng y
Sd phieu
72
181
217

Tilf %
30,64
77,02
92,34

dye con cdi; td chuc cdc hoat dgng kinh te
vd vdn hda nhdm nang cao ddi sdng vjt
chdt vd tmh than cho GD. Tuy nhidn, bdn
cgnh nhiing thanh tyu dat dugc thi TP ciing
cdn mdt sd h ^ chd trong cdng tdc xdy
dyng VHGD. Do do, dd thyc hi$n tdt cdng
tdc xdy dyng VHGD trong thdi gian tdi, TP
can chii ^ gidi quydt nhfing vln dd thyc
tiln djt ra flieo Ig trinh nhat djnh, xdc dinh
rd nguydn nhan gay ra hgn che de khdc
phyc cOng nhu tiep tuc phdt huy nhOng

thdnh tyu dd dgt dugc.

T A I L I $ U THAM KHAO
C. Mac, Ph. Angghen (2004), Toan tgp, tip 21, Nxb Chinh tri Qudc gia. Ha Npi.
Dang Cdng san Vift Nam (1998), Van Itifn Hgi nghi lan tUt ndm Ban Chdp hanh Trung
uang khoa VIIU Nxb Chinh tii Qudc gia. Ha Ngi.
Ddng Cdng sin Vi^t Nam (2013), VSn llifn Bgi hgi Dang Ihii ki CtSi mdi va hgi nhgp, Nxb
Chinh ni Qu6o gia, Hd Npi
Hpc vi$n Chinh trj Qudc gia Hd Chi Minh, Khoa VSn h6a Xi h§i chd nghTa (1997), VSn hoa
xd hgi chii nghia (tgp bai giang), Nxb Chinh trj Quoc gia, Hd Npi.
169


TAP CHl KHOA HOC - Tru'dng OHSP TPHCM

5.
6.
7.

T^ 14^ s6 2 (2017): 158-170

Quic hfi (2007), Lugt Phdng, chdng bgo lyc gia dinh.
Quic hfi (2014), Lugt Hdn nhdn vd gia dinh ndm 2014, Nxb Chfnh trj Quic gia. Ha Nfi.
Oy ban nhan dan Thdnh pho Hi Chi Minh (2013), Bdo cdo Tdng kit 10 ndm thyc hiin Phap
Hnh ddn sd (2003-2013), so 122/BC-UBND, ngay 03 thang 7 nSm 2013.
8.
tly ban nhan dan Thdnh pho Ho Chf Minh (2013), Bdo cdo Tong kit Chuang trinh Gidm
ngheo, tang hd khd thdnh pho giai dogn 3 (2009-2015) vd Phuang hudng, myc tiiu, nhiim
vy, gidi phdp tiep tyc thyc hiin Chuang trinh trong hai ndm 2014-2015, so 211/BC-UBND,
ngay 30 thdng 11 nam 2013.

9.
tly ban nhan dan Thanh phi Hi Chi Minh (2014), Bdo cdo sa kit 5 ndm thyc hiin Lugt
phong, chdng bgo lyc GB cda Thdnh phd Ho Chi Minh (2008-2013), sl 182/BC-UBND,
ngay 14 thang 10nam2014.
10. http://nld. com. vn
W.
12. https://www. vhttdlkv3.gov. vn