Sử dụng mạng xã hội facebook của sinh viên nhìn từ kết quả khảo sát định tính tại một trường đại học ở hà nội

Xd h0i hgc, sd 4 (136), 2016 91

sir DUNG MANG XA H O I FACEBOOK CUA SINH VIEN:
NHIN Tir KfiT QUA KHAO S A T DINH TINH
TAI M O T TRUdNG D/J HQC 5 HA N O I
NG6 THI CHAM'

Tom lit: Tinh phd biin vd tiin lai trong viic kit ndi xd hgi, tim kiim vd chia se
thong tin dd dua Facebook trd thdnh trang mgng xd h0i dugc nhiiu ngudi ua chugng sit
dyng. Nhiing ngudi tri tudi, ddc bift Id sinh vien dang cd xu hudng ddnh nhiiu thdi gian
cho viic tham gia mgng xd hgi Facebook, md bdn thdn hg khdng lu ddnh gid ditac miic
dd sic dung cung nhu dnh hudng cilo Fdcebook din cdng viic vd hgc tap, din sice khde
tM chdt vd tinh thdn. Dif a vdo ngudn da Iiiu Ihuc nghiim cita di tdi "Sic dung Mgng xd
hgi Facebook dta sinh vilnHd Ngi hiin nay ", khdo sdt tgi Khoa Cdng tdc xd hgi, trudng
Bgi hgc Lao ddng - Xd hgi, bdi viit tgp trung nhdn diin thicc trgng su dung mgng xd hdi
Facebook cua sinh viin tren ca sd so sdnh, ddi chiiu vdi kit qud cua nhOng cdng trinh
nghien cieu di trudc, ddng thai chi ra mgt sd diim khac biit vi gidi cd Uln quan din di
Idi md cdc nghiin cieu trudc chua di sdu ldm ro.
Tit khda: mgng xd hfii, facebook, sinh vifn.
1. Dan nh^p
Trong nhihig ndm gin ddy, Facebook ndiriengvd mang xd hpi ndi chung dang phdt
triin m ^ vd thu hdt sl lugng Idn ngudd stt dung, chi yiu la thanh thilu nien vd sinh
vien. Chung ta khfing thfi phi nhfn vai ttd cda m ^ g xa hpi ttong ddi sing eda gidi tte va
nhfing gid tri md mang xa hpi dem dfn. Nd dd vd dang ed nhirng tdc dpng manh me vao
nhdn thttc, ldi sfing vd vdn hda cda the hf thanh nifn. Song song vdi do id nhiiu ban
khodn trude nhihig mdt ttdi eua mang xa hpi ttpng bfii cdnh thfing tin da chiiu. Do dd, sd
dung mEing xd hfi Facebook cda thanh nifn ndi chung, sinh vifn ndi rifng la, vin dl ein
dugc quan tam nghifn cttu, nhit Idteongbdi cdnh hifn nay, khi Facebook duge xem Id
cufc sing thtt hai eua rit nhiiu ngudd, ttong dd cd mpt bp phjn khfing nhd sinh vifn Vift
Nam (Hodng Anh, 2014).
Ngufin do Ufu eda bii vilt tidch ttt kit qua khdo sat dinh tinh chpn mlu 16 sinh

vifn (8 smh vifn nam, 8 sinh vien ntt dupe phan dlu ttt nam thtt nhit dfn ndm tiid tu)
* Viin Xd hdi hgc, Vifn Hdn ldm Khoa hgc xd hgi Vift Nam.


92 SUdrngmgngxahgi/acebookcua sinh vien...
dang hpc t$p tai Khoa Cong tac xa hfi, tiirdng Dai hpc Lao dfing - Xa hfi. Cfing tac xd
hpi la ehuyfn ngdnh thupe khii xd hfii, sinh vifn d ddy dupe ddo tgo nghien cdu cdc
ngdnh vl khoa hpc xd hpi nen sS cd nhttng ddc tiiu rifng. Vife stt dung mgng xa hfi
Facebook cd thi dnh hudng tdi tti thttc, hiiu bift eung nhu each thdc tiip cjn vin dl
cda smh vifn khde vdi cdc khii ngdnh khde (kmh tl, ky fliujt,...). Trong dilu kien cd
hjn vl thdi gian vd nguin lite, dl tdi bude diu tifn hdnh nghifn cdu thirc nghifm dii
vdi smh vifn mpt khoa tiiufc khii xa hfi cia mpt trudng djii hpe h^n dia bdn Hi Nfi.
Ttt dfi, xdy dimg phuang hudng nghien cttu tiip theo vl stt dyng m?ng xd hfii Facebook
dii vdi sinh vifn thupe ede khii ngdnh khde nhdm so sdnh su khac bift vd ddm bdo tinh
khdi qudt.
Trfn CO sd so sdnh, doi chiiu vdi kit qud cia nhiing nghifn cdu di trudc, bdi vilt
ttlnhbdy mf t sl kit qud chinh vl thirc ttang sd dimg mang xd hfii Facebook vdi dii tupng
la smh vien dang smh sing vd hpc tdp tai dia bdn Hd Nfi d 3 npi dung: mue dich sd dung,
mtte df stt dung va dii tugng tuong tae tefn mang xa hfi Facebook ciia sinh vifn.
2. Kit qua nghien cuu
2.1. Mifc dich s^ dung mang xa hpi Facebook cda sinh viin
Diim qua mpt sd cdng trinh nghien cuu ve mang xa hpi eho thiy, hiu hft thanh
thilu nifn dlu ed thi truy cdp Intemet vd stt dimg m ^ g xd hfii hang ngdy. Trfn cde trang
m^g xd hfii, hp tham gia vdo cde hoat dfing da dang nhu: ttd ehuyfn, nhdn tin, binh lii|n
bdi vilt cia ban be, ddng tdi ode edp nh^t ttang thai cia ban than (Lenhart vd cfng sft
2011). Nghifn cttu cia cde tdc gid ttong nude ciing dd ehi ra muc dich khi tham gia si
dimg niEing xa hpi cia smh vifn. Theo dd, smh vien thudng xuyfn chat, gtti tm nhdn ttfn
mang xa hfii ehilm t^ If cao nhit (53,7%), xem phim nghe nhac (41,4%) vd cap nhdt
thfing tin, su kifn xdy ra ttong xa hpi (41,4%) (Trin Hfin Luyin va cpng s\f, 2015). Smh
vien tham gia stt dung mang xd hpi Facebook phin Idn dl giai tri (71%) vd md rpng mii

quan hf (34,6%) (Trdn Khanh An, 2012).
Hfp 1, Myc dich chinh khi tham gia sir dyng mang xa hfi Facebook cua sinh vi€n

"Em dimg Facebook di giao luu vdi cdc bgn md minh quen vd thinh thodng dgc cd
lice lien quan din hogt dgng gidi tri thoi".

(Nam, sinh vifin ndm thir hai)
"Em len Facebook de xem cdc thong tin ndo md bgn be cda minh ddng tdi len v
Ihdng bdo cho cdc nhdm hgn be, bgn thdn, bgn be gdn gui ve lich hgc, lich sinh hogt mg
Tuy nhiin, chu yiu vdn Id di gidi tri, giao luu kit bgn Id nhiiu han ".

(Nam, smh vifin ndm thd hai)
"Chii yeu minh co the kit bgn dugc nhiiu vdi bgn bi, thii hai Id dugc cap nhgt cdc th
tin hdng ngay tren mgng tim kiim vifc ldm tren mgng xd hgi Facebook thdng qua cdc n
lim vifc ldm ".
(Ntt, sinh vien ndm thtt tu)


Ngo Thi Chdm 93
Ket qua nghifin cdu tir dfi tdi ^ phdn dnh m$t phan tinh tuca^ dong ve muc dicfa sd
dyi^ mgi^ xdfapicua sinh vien so vdi kit qua cda nhitiig i^hien cdu trudc dd. Qua trinh
phdng van sau cho thdy, sinh vienfaifnnay sd dyng mgng xa hOi Facebook nMm nhieu
muc dich khac nhau: giao luu kit ban; gidi tri; gia nhgp cdc hOi/nhdm; tham gia binh lugn
c ^ chu dfi; phuc vu hpc tap; tim kiem thong tin, vific ldm. Tuy nhifin, phdn Idn sinh vifin
dupe phdi^ vdn tra ldi muc dich chinh khi tham gia sir dyng mgng xd hfii Facebook chd
yeu vin Id dl giao luu kfit ban, giai tri vatimkiim thdng tin.
Phifc vy gidi tri, giao Itm kit ban
Thdng qua ck: hoat dong gidi tri, ^ao luu kit bgn, sinh vien cho bifit mgng xa h$i
Facebook d^ gdp pfain giup ho md rdng cac mfii quan he xa hfii. Ben egnh do, Facebook
Id mpt tiong nhihig trang mgng xd hoifai?ndang cd nhifiu tinh ndng nhu: cung cap luong

tfafing tin rat Idn qua eac boat ^ n g ddng tdi, chia sfi tfafing tin td cdc cd nhdn tiiam gia sd
dung mgng, cdc hpi/nhdm tren tdi khodn. Nhihig thong tin cap nhat, ddng tdi tifin cdc
trang bdo, trang tin tdc giai tri dupe sinfa vien lya cfapn chia se, gidi tiiifu vdi bgn bfi
thfing qua v i ^ tucmg tdc, ti^ ehuyfn trfin mgng xa hfii Facebook. Bay eung Id noi sinh
y ^ lua chpn de chia se hinh dnh, hogt dong ca nfaanfaaynfaung suy nghi, cam xuc cua
ban than ma sinh vifin thudng gpi la c&: "status tam trgng". Dilu dd cho thdy, tinfa lan tda
n^mh cdc thdng tin da chifiu, kfad ndng ket nfii rpng giua cdc ea nhdn vdi nhau va giiia ca
nhdn vdi hpi/nhdmtix)ngqua trinh tham gia su dung mgng xd hfi Facebook. Ciing thfing
qua nhimg hogt dpng nfau v^y, cdc ban sinh vifin cd ca bfi giao luu, tuomg tdc vdi rit
nMeu ngtroi ban cd quen bifit ngoM thuc tl (ban be, thiy cfi, ngudi than trong gia dOnfa)
tren mgng xdfapiFacebook.
Trao ddi cdc thdng tin phuc vu hgc tap
Khfing chi don thudn phyc vy cho myc dich giao luu ket bgn, gidi tri ma tfadng qua
vifc tuong tae glQa cac tfaanfa vifin, sinfa vifin sd dyng mgng xa hpi Facebook nhu mfit
cong cu huu ich de trao dii cae tfafing tin pfayc vyfapct ^ . Tfaam gia tra ldi phdng van,
sinh vien cho biit, moi Idp thudng cd mpt group (nfadm)rifingdfi tfafing bao cac thfing tin
cd lien quan dfin vin dfi hpc tap nhu lich hpc, lich thi, chia se eac tai lifu chuyfin ngdnh vd
tdi lieu tiiam khao cung nhu tfafing bdo nfaihig hoat dfing chung cua trudng, Idp. Thanfa
vien trong group ciia lop thfing thudng la cdc bgnfapcciing Idp, ngoai ra, trong mft sl
group cdn cd sy tham gia cua dpi ngfi gidng vifin Idtiidy/cdchu nhifm hodc thiy/co dgy
bf mfin. Theo cdc bgn, vific tiidy cfi eung tham gia vdo cdc trangfafi/nfadm cua Idp trfin
Facebook se h5 trcr cac bgn hieu qud hon trong viec trao dfii kien tfadc, tai lieu vlfapctgp,
vl cdc hogt dpng ngogi khda. Hem niia, qua vifc tuong tdc vd tia? doi tiong cdc group tifin
Facebook gidp gdn kit giua gidng vien va sinh vifin, ndng cao chdt lupng gidng dgy, dao
tgo hon.
Khac bi^t muc dich sir dung mgng xd hdi Facebook giita sinh vien nam vd sinh
vien nir
Biiu dang chu ^ tu qud trinfa phdn tich dti lieu dinh tinh cho thiy cd sy khde bift vl
vific sd dyng mgng xd hfii Facebook trongfaoatdpng gidi tri gifta smh vifin nam vd sinh

94 Sudungmgngxdhgifacebaokciiasinhviln..
vifin ntt. Mpt sl smh vifn nam fliam gia tta Idi phdng vin cho bift, ngodi vifc stt dimg
mang xd hpi Facebook dl giao luu, kit ban hay xem ede video/clip gidi tti, hp ehi yeu
tiieo dfii nhihig tin tttc mangtinh,flidisif, choi game ho^c quan tam edettangtiifingtm ve
Allfliao,bdng d l Kit qud phdng vin sau cung chi ra mdc df quan tam cua^suih vifn nam
din tinh xac tii^c ciatiifingtin dugc ddng tdi. Smh vifn chi chpn Ipc va tiep nh|n nhttng
tiifingtinhp cho la cd tinh xdotiiirccao nhu nhiing tiifing tin mang tinh flidi sir, cdc van
dl xa hpi ttt nhttng dudng link dd dupe kiim ehttng, cd df tin cay cao, tiiong tm dupe
ddng tten cdc ttang mang cia Chinh phi hay nhiing ttang tiifing tin vl till tiiao chhih
thfing tten m?ng xa hfi Facebook.
Phfing vin sdu smh vien ntt cho tiiiy, msmg xd hpi Facebook la ttang m ^ g ehu yeu
phyc vy hp ttong vifc gidi tii; ttd ehuyfn, hiong tde vdi b?n be; tim kiim vd tiieo doi eac
thfing tin lien quan din tiidi ttang vd ldm dep. Vdi kh&lugng khing ll eac thfing tm dupe
ddng tdi, mang xd hfi Facebook nhanh chfing dap dng duge nhu ciu tun kiemtiifingtm
vl cdc mdng nhu dm thitc, ldm dfp, thdi ttang, gidi tri,... cia ede b?n sinh vifin ntt^ Ho
ciing it quan tam tin tttc lien quan tdi eUnhtirj,xa hfi hay flil thao nhu sinh vifn nam. Ket
qud khdo sdt cdn cho thiy, smh vien ntt ttong mlu nghien cttu stt dyng mang xd hfi
Facebook dl giao luu, kit ban, ttd ehuyfn vdi ban be d mttc dfi thudng xuyfn hon so vdi
sinh vien nam.
Nhu vdy cd thi thiy, moi mft cd nhdn vdi nhttng cdch suy nghi, quan diim khde
nhau se lya chpn vife stt dung msing xa hfi Facebook vdi nhimg mye dich chinh cia hp
cimg khde nhau. Tuy nhien, muc dich dupe im tien khi tham gia stt dung msing xa hfi
Facebook cia da phin cde smh vien tham gia ttd ldi phdng vin van la kit b^n, giao luu,
gidi tri va tim kiim thdng tin.
2.2. Mite dg sii d{tng mgng xahgi Facebook cua sinh vien
Th{cc trgng mice do su difng mgng xd hgi Facebook cua sinh viin
Kit qud phfing vin sdu 16 smh vien da chi ra cdc miic dp khac nhau vl thdi gian
trung binh tham gia truy edp Intemet ndi chimg vd tmy cdp mang xa hfii Facebook trong
mft ngdy ndi rifng cia sinh vifn. BChi di sdu ldm rd vin dl ndy, mfit sl sudi vien chia sf

ring hp lufin truy cap mang vd su dyng song song giila Facebook vdi mpt hay nhiiu ttang
web khde nhau. Vi vdy, cd thi eoi viec truy cap Facebook vao bit ett thdi diim ndo, bit
ky noi ndo deu rat dfi ddng dii vdi sinh vifn. Tuy nhifn, mtte dp truy cap cia sinh vifn
khfing lien tyc md ngdt qudng.
Nhu vfy, khfing kl flidi gian stt dyng nhiiu hay it, thdi quen tiny c$p m?ng xd hfi
thudng xuyfn dd khiin sinh vifn dang ddn bi If fliufc vdo Facebook. Cd smh vifn tham
gia trd Idi phdng vin ddnh 7 tiing mot ngay stt dyng m?ng intemet flii ding dfn 4 tiing
dfi tiny cdp mang xd hpi Facebook. Ngodi ra, su dyng m?ng xd hpi Facebcok cdn duge
xem Id mpt phan hojit dpng dl lip diy khodng thdi gian nhdn roi teong ddd sing hdng
ngay eua sinh vifn.


Ngo Thj Cham

95

Hfp 2. Muc df sir dung mgag xa hfi Facebook ciia sinh vien
"Unedng em ma 3G 24/24. Em truy cgp 13 den 15 tieng mgt ngdy,... Vi 3G em md
thudng xuyen nen luc ndo Facebook cOng co thdng bdo lien t^c. em hay co thoi quen cdm len
check tin nhdn. Cdn niu vdo Facebook de ludt, tim thdng tin thi se keo ddi thdi gian han so vdi
th&i gian minh ngoi tren laptop hoge mdy tinh ".
(Nii, sinh vien ndm thd hai)
"Co nhiing ngdy em vdn md mgng binh thudng nhung mdi iSt vdo thi chi trung binh la
ndm, sdu phut xong rdi em thodt. Cd nghia la em vdo nhiiu l^ nhung Ididng liin tiic. Neu tinh
lien tifc tid se Id 1 tiing cdn thinh thodng em lin cu mgt, hai phat em igi thodt thoi".
(Na, sinh vien ndm thfi tu)
"It nhdt phdi 4 din 5 tiing day gvicir rdnh cdi khdng cd vi0c gi ldm thi minh cir ludt
Facebook, xem co thong tin gi hay tren mgng khong, bgn be cd chia se gi ihi minh xem...".
(Nam, sinh vi8n ndm thd ba)

fe,, Ket qud ngufin ciiu cung chi ra nhiing diim tuong ding so vdi cde ngfaien curu di
^ i ^ ve thdi gian trung binfa su dyng mgng xd hfi cda sinh vifin tiong mdt ngay ehilm ty
If tuong dii Idn. Ddng cfau f, tiong n^fin cdu ciia tae gid Nguyin Thi Phuong Cfadm
ndm 2013, sinh vifin tham gia sd dyng mgng xa fafi chu yfiu vdo bull tfii vd dem, tiong
khi su dung kfad it vdo budi sang, trua, chiiu vd sur dyng chd yiu ngodi gid hpc efainh tgi
trudng. Tuy nhifin, phdng van sdu sinh vifin Khoa Cong tac xa hpi, trudng Dai hpc Lao
dfing - Xd hfii, vifc truy cgp va su dung mang xdfafikfafing chi tgp trung thdi gian nhifiu
vdo buli tdi vd dem md sinh vifin cdn ddng nfailu vao tfadi gian ngfai cda bull trua, miln
la kfai cd thdi gian rdnh.
Nhin chung, sinfa vifin sd dung mang xa hfi Facebook mpi luc mpi noi, thdm chi
tray cdp ngay ed khi dang lam mpt vifc khde trong ciing mpt thdi diim. Biiu dac bift d
ddy khfing chi Id thdi gian truy cgp nhifiu ma tin sudt truy cdp vdo mang xdfapiFacebook
ciia sinh vien khd cao. Cd nhGng sinh vifin tiong mlu khdo sdt cfao bifit, du khfing cd thdi
gian dung Facebook nhung hp vin cdi sdn chfi df online tifin Facebook khi su dyng cdc
thiet bi difn td cd kfit noi internet (cfad yfiu Id difn thoai di dfing). Bieu ndy cho tfaiy, sd
dung mgng xa hpi Facebook da trd thanh mft thdi quen, mfit nfau eau khfing thi thilu
tiong ddi sing hpc tdp vd ddi sing tinh thin cda sinh vien.
Khde biet mu;c do su dung mgng xd hgi Facebook ngdy thudng vd ngdy nghi giita
sinh vien nam vd sinh viin nit
Qud trinh tim hifiu mdc df sd dyng mgng xa hfi giiia ngdy thudng va ngdy nghi
cung cho thiy sy khac bifit giiia sinh vien nam vd sinh vien nii tgi dia ban khdo sdt.
Sinh vifin nii tham gia tid ldi pfadng vdn cho bifit vao ngdy nghi thdi gian truy cdp
Facebook cua hp nhieu hem so vdi ngdy thudng, do ngdy nghi kfafing pfadi tham gia hpc
tdp tren trudng Idp, kfafing phai di lam tfaem, tfadi gian cfau yfiu la d nfaa nen nfaGng lue
cam tfady ranh roi, chdn nan thi sfi tim nhiing ngudi bgn tren Facebook dl tdm sy. Dfii vdi
mfit so sinh vifin nam, giiia ngdy thudng va ngdy nghi khfing cd sy khac bift nfailu tiong


96 Stidyng mgngxd hgifacebook cda sinh vien..
vifc stt dung m?ng xd hfi Facebook. Smh vifn nam chd yiu ddnfa flidi gian cua ngdy nghi

fliam gia cdc hoat dpng ngoditiiirctl (gap gO b^n be,tiiamgia cac ho?t dpng flil tiiao,...)
va coi Facebook nhu mft cong cy gidi tn dttng sau nhung hoat dpng thuc te ma hp tham
gia ngodi xd hpi.
Cd till ndi hang ngdy hdng gid trfin ede ttang mang xa hpi, gidi tte ed sy da d?ng
ttong giao tiip vdi nhifu dii tugng khde nhau, tao ra cho moi ea nhdn mpt m ^ g ludi
quan hf ddy djc, lam nen su md rfng vd dan xen phue t?ip cia mang ludi xa hfi dii vdi^
cd nhan ciing nhu cac nhdm trfn mpig xd hfii Facebook. Kit qua phdn tieh cho thiy, smh
vifn hifn nay cd nhiiu sy lua chpn stt dyng quy thdi gian rdnh roi cda bdn thdn tuy fliufc
vdo sd thich va quan diim mfii cd nhan. Su khde bift ve tin suit, thdi diim va thdi lupng
truy edp gitta smh vifn nam vd sinh vien ntt mfit lin ntta khdng djnh, mjng xd hpi
Facebook dang cd nhiing tde dfing khfing nhd tdi ddd sdng sinh hoat hdng ngay cia smh
vifn. Mdc df tae dpng dd ed thi khde nhau tiy thufic vdo sd tbich, nhu cau cing nhu su
quan tam rifng cia tiing gidi.
2.3. Bdi tugng tuang tdc trin m^ng xd hpi Facebook cua sinh viin
Mang xd hfi dd t?io ra mpt mang ludi kit nii cdctiidnfavifin cd edng sd thich vdi
nhieu mye dich khae nhau, khfing phdn bift khfing gian vd thdi gian vdi su da dgng vf dii
tugng tuong tac.
Ket qua nghien cttu dmh tinh cia nhdm tdc gia eho thiy, dfii tupng tucmg tdc cia
sinh vifn khi stt dyng mang xa hfii Facebook chd yiu la b?n be, gia dmh va nhttng ngudi
cd quen biet ngodi ddi thye. Trong dd,*bgn be la dfii tupng tuong tdc thudng xuyfn nhit
dupe sinh vifn lua chgn khi tham gia stt dyng mang xd hfi Facebook.
Bgn be Id ddi tugng tuang tdc chu yiu cita sink viin trin mgng xahdi Facebook
Mang xd hfi Facebook dugc coi Id mpt hf thfing kit nil cdc thanh vien vdi nhau bdng
eac tinh ndng nhu kit ban, chat, phim anh, nghe nhjc, game, video call dua ttfn nfn
uitemet. Chinh vl vjy, dii tugng stt dung Facebook nfailu nfait cung chinh Id thanh fliiiu
nien vd sinh vien. Mang xa hpi Facebook vdi cdc tinh ndng tifn Ipi, tilt kifm chi phi, da
dang vd phong phd vl mdt thfing tin dang Id mft phuong tifn giao luu kit nii phi hgp ddnh
cho doi tugng nay - nhflng ngudd tte dugc coi Id nhanh nhay, dfi ndm bit va phdt huy tii da
lgi ieh cia Facebook. Dieu ndy dd mft phin 1^ gidi eho vifc lya chpn bgn be Id dii tupng
hrong tac ehi yiu chmh cia smh vifn Hd Nfii. Thfing qua Facebook, sinh vien khfing chi dl

dangttaodoi tdi Ufu,tiifingtinphyc vy hpe t$p mfit cdch nfaanh chdng vd tilt kifm ma cdn
giup hp hrong tdc vdi b?n be hifu qud ttong dilu kifn khfi cd flil tiiyc hifn hrong tdc hue
tiep iigoditiiyctl. Hon ntta, bjn be edn Id dfii tupng de tiip xic, dl ding cdm nfn smh vifn
cdfliffliodimdi chia se, bdy td cdm xic, giao luu tro ehuyfn vdi nhau.
Gia dinh vd ngudi thdn
Gia dinh vd ngudi tiidn Id nhdm dfii hrpng tiitt hai md smh vifn lya chpn dl hrong
tde khi tmy edp mjng xd hpi Facebook. Tuy nfaien, nhdm doitirgngndy kfafing phdi Id dii
tugng duge sinh vifin lya chpn hrong tac chd yiu. Df If gidi cho dilu ndy, nhttng smh
vifn dupe phdng vin efao rdng, mdc du Id ngudi flidn td phia gia dbh, hp hang nhung


Ngd Thj Chdm 97
Facebook ehi Id mpt mang ludi xa hpi ehu yiu dupe su dung tu nhfmg ngudi tre tudi, ma
nfadm dfii tupng gia fflnh (bao gfim bfi me, anh chj, ed chu...) hodc Id kfafing tfaudng
xuyen sd dung mgng xd hfi Facebook,' hodc da tuong tac true tiip vdi nhau d ngodi ddi
tfayc nen Idifing cdn tuong tac qua mgng xa hpi Facebook. Mpt nguyfin nhan ntia dan den
sy kfade bift trong viec lua chpn ddi tupng tuong t ^ trfin mang xa hfi Facebook ciia sinh
vien, do chinh Id sy khde bift vfi suy nghi, nhgn thdc giiia cdc thi hf. Mpt sl sinh vifin
cho rdng quanfflemve eac van dfi xa hpi, tdm tu tinh cdm, lli sfing, ban be cda hp la khde
nfaau so vdi quan diem cua ngudi tfadn trong gia dinfa. Cfainfa vi vgy, hp rit ngai giao luu
tuong tdc vdi ddi tupng la eac thdnh vifin trong giafflnhtren mgng xa hpi Facebook, thgm
chi hp se lua chpn khong kfit ban, hodc cd kit bgn nhung sfi Idifing bpc Ip qud nhifiu ve
tdm tu tinh earn, suy n g ^ khi tucmg tac vdi nhau.
Hfp 3. Dii tupng tmmg tdc trSn mgng xd hfi Facebook ciia sinh vi@n
"Ddi tirgng cua em chi Id hgn be cimg trang Ida, cimg do tuoi, bgn hgc cimg trudng
cimg dia phuang sdng bdy gid len dgi hpc Id nhitng bgn cimg hgc dgi hgc vdi em".
>-^^^

(Nu', sinh vien nam tfad hai)

"Gia dinh em tie m^ cho din cgu cOng su dyng Facebook nen du minh co hai keu ca vd
^fd hi$n mgt s6 cdm xiic thi ngudi nhd se biit, Idii ggi di?n sS hdi. Vi the nen em hgn che chia
" se trgng thdi, thdng tin len Facebook, chi ddng dnh di chen".
(Na, sinfa vien ndm thd nhat)
"Nhieu lac chip dnh vdi ai, liic tdm trgng khong tdt ddng status bong gid, hai khd chiu
m0t chdt thi mgi ngudi trong gia dinh cOng td ra khd chfu, khdng thich nin em cSng hgn chi".
(Na, sinh vi€n nam tiid ba)
Ddi tugng tuang tdc khde

Sinh vifin tiong phgm vi kfado sdt cho bifit, ngoai bgn be vd ngudi than, hp ciing
tuong tac vdi nhiing ngirdi cd quen bifit ngodi tiiyc tl tren mgng xa hpi. Tuy nhien, nhdm
dfii tupng i^y chiim sfi it su lya chpn tucmg tdc d mdc dfi thudng xuyfin kfai sii dung
mang xd hpi Facebook ciia sinh vifin ndi ehung. Boi vdi nhiing ngudi da cd quen biit that
ngoai xd hfi, mpt so sinh vien chia se, tuy dd quen biit td tnrdc nhung hp tuong tdc vdi
nhiing dii tupng nay mpt edch rit xd giao.
Kit qud thu duc«; ciing cho thdy, sinh vifin cdn tuong tde vdi nhiing ngudifapkfafing
quen biit ngoai tfayc ^ nhung chi d mure dp kfafing thudng xuyen. Mfit vdi sinh vien cho
biit, niu tuong tdc vdi nhiing ngudi khfing cd quwi bifit, npi dung trao dii giiia hp chi la
nhiing cau ehuyfn don gidn, hp khfing chia se nhiiu vl bdn thdn, su tuong tdc duac thfi
hifn chu yiu bdng hinh flnic "Like" hodc "Share" cdc thong tin, bai dang cua nfaau trfin
mang xd fapi; khfing cd sy trao ddi, tid chuyen qua tinh ndng chat hay gpi thoai cua
Facebook. Bifiu ndy cho tfady tinh chpn Ipc cao trong vifc lya chpn doi tupng tuong tac
tien mgng xa hfi F«:ebook cua sinfa vifin trong mau nghien edu.
Theo mft so nghifin cdu ditiirdc,khi silr dyi^ mgng xd hpi, smh vifin chu yiu tuong
tdc vdi ban bfi (Trin Hiiu LuyIn va cfng sy, 2015). Mdt khde, nhiiu sinh vifin ciing hdng


98 Sic dung mgngxd hdi facebook cua sinh viin..
fliu vdi vifc tham gia cdc hpi/nhdm ttfn m?ng xd hpi Facebook, md rfng mfii quan hf ed
nhdntiifingqua vifc tuong tac vdi cde thdnh vifn (Trin Khanh An, 2012). Tuong dong

vdi kit qud cia mpt nghifin cttu khae, Facebook li mang xd hpi dugc gidi tre stt dyng dl
tuong tdc cfai yiu vdi bgn bf vd vifc tiiuc hifn boat dfng tuong tdc ttfn mjng xd hfi
Facebook cia smh vien 6 mttc cao, ed ngbia Id nhung sinh vifn thudng xuyfn stt dung
mang xa hpi df duy tri mil lien hf vdi bgn be £ cd trong ddi thuc nfailu faon nhttng
ngudi chua quen bill va nhiing ngudi tiiudng xuyfn stt dung mgng xdfapicam thay gin
gui bgn be hon so vdi nhttng ngudi it stt dyng mang xd hpi (Tran Thi Minh Dttc va Bdi
Thj Hing Thdi, 2015). Nghien cdu tiiuc nghifm eung dua ra kit qua phufappvdi nghifn
cttu ttfn, suih vifn teong mlu khao sat chi kit bgn vd hrong tdc vdi nhttng ngudd cd quen
bill ngoai thyc tf, mpt sfi bgn du md rfng mil quan hf (kit bgn trfn mgng xa hpi) vdi
nhttng ngudi khfing quen biit ngodi thyc tf nhung mttc df tucmg tdcteen mang xd hfi vdi
nhdm dii tupng nay cdn hgn efal, de chdng, smh vifn thudng uu tifn va tuong tae nhiiu
vdi bgn be, ngudi quen biit ngoai thyc tl hon. Dilu nay da gdp phan \j gidi rfifaonvl
vifc lya chpn dii tupng tuong tac khi sd dung Mang x3 hpi Facebook cda sinh vifn.
3. Kit luan
Di xuit hifn d Vift Nam ehua lau, song cac ttang mgng xa hfi da cd nhung tdc
dpng manh me din ddi sing eda ngudd su dyng. 6 Vift Nam liifn nay, Facebook dang Id
mpt trong nhihig trang mang xa hfii ed sl lupng ngudi stt dung Idn nhit, ddc bift la gidi
tee,ttongdd khdng till khdng ke den nfadm doi tugng stt dyng la sinh vien.
Ket qud ttt qud trinh difiu tra dinh tinh 16 sinh vien cia Khoa Cong tde im hpi, trudng
Dai hpc Lap dpng - Xd hpi tiep tyc kfadng dinh kit qud cda nhttng nghifn cdu di trudc. Id
minh ehttng vl sdc anh hudng va lan tda cua mgng xd hfi Facebook khi ddy dupe eoi Id
trang mgng xd hfi pho bien nhat va dupe ua ehupng nfadt eua gidi tre hifn nay.
Sinh vifn tham gia stt dyng mgng xd hfii Facebook vi nhiiu mue dich khac nhau nhung
chi yeu nhdm phye vy myc dich giai tri, giao luu ket ban vd tinydem thdng tin. Ddc bift, kit
qud nghien cttu cung cho thiy, ed su kfade bift gidi vl myc dich su dyng mang xd hfi
Facebook cia smh vifn. Cu thi, smh vifn ntt chi yiu trd ehuyfn, tuong tac vdi bgn be vd
theo doi cac trang thfing tin Kfin quan den thod trang, lam dpp vd cdc thfing tin vl im thyc;
trong khi dd, smh vifin nam chd yiuflieodoi cdc tfafing tin thdi sy, chinfa tti, tfal thao.
Vfi mire df stt dyng mang xd hfii Facebook, sinh vifin teong mlu nghifn cttu danh
mpt khodng thdi gian tuong dfii idn truy edp mgng xd hfi Facebook hdng ngdy vd coi day

la mft cdng ey ho ttg ddc lucteongvifc gdn kit, hrong tac vdi ban be, nguditiidn.Da sl
smh vien dupe phdng van eho bift stt dyng mang xa hpi Facebook vdo ngdy nghi vdi mttc
df nhifu hon so vdi ngdy tfaudng, sinh vifn nttteongmlu nghifn cttu cd mdc df stt dyng
mang xd hfi Facebook caofaonso vdi sulfa vifn nam.
Kft qud ngfaien cttu cung chi ra ring, dii hrpng tucmg tac cia smh vifn khi stt dyng
mgng xd hpi Facebook ehi yiu Id bgn be, gia dinh vd nhiing dii tupng quen bill ngodi
ddifliyc.Trong dd, ban be la dii tupng hrong tac tiiudng xuyfn nhit dupe smh vien lya
chpn khitiiamgia stt dyng mgng xd hpi Facebook.


Ngd Thj Chdm

99

Co thi thiy rdng, cac vin dl lien quan din stt dyng mgng xd hfii Facebook cda sinh
vifn Id mpt trong nhiing vin dl dupe quan tdm nghifn cttu ttong giai dogn gin day. Tuy
nhifn, mfii mft mfii trudng hgc tdp sg tgo nfn nhttng ddc thu rifng, cd dnh hudng nhit
djnh dfn thyc ttgng stt dyng mang xd hfi Facebook cia sinh vifn. Do do, cin cd nhiing
nghifn cttu tten pham vi vd quy mfi idn hem dii vdi khacfa thi la sinfa vien dupe ddo tgo d
cae khfii ngdnh khde nhau, nhdm dua ra nfaiing so sdnh, dfii chiiu, ddnh gid mttc dp dnh
hudng eda mgng xd hfi Facebook din sinfa vifn moi khii ngdnh cd nhung vin dl ndo
dang ddt ra Ttt dd cd cdi nfahi khdi quatfaonvl vdn dl nghifn cttu trong mpt khia egnh
tifp cgn mod, ding thdi gidp gidi ttf ndi chung va smh vifn ndi rifng sd dyng cd hifu qud
mgng xd hfi Facebook vd hgn chi cac tac dfing tifu cue ttong fall cdnh "xd hfii thfing tin"
nhu hifn nay.
Tdi li^Q tbam khdo
Chhih phd. 2013. Nghj djoh s6 72/2013/ND-CP ban hdnh ngdy 15 thing 7 ndm 2013 vk Quin IJ, cimg c ^ ,
sii dvmg djch vy mteraet vi thong tin tren m^ng.
Hping Anh. 2014. Thvrc trgng sd- dyng m?ng xS hOi Facebook cda sinh vi6n tniimg Bai hpc Sir phgm Ky
I II^ ^

thuat thinh ph6 H6 Chi Minh. Truy c jp tCl .
Lenhart, A., Madden, M., Senior, A.S., Purcell, K., Zickuhr, K., Rainie, L. 2011. Teens, Kindness and
Cruelty on Social Network Sites: How American teens navigate the new world of "digital
citizenship". Pew Research Center's hitemet & American Life Project Washuigton, D.C.
NgnySn Thj Phuong Cham. 2013. Internet: Mgng lu&ixd hfi vi su Ihi hifn bin sic Nxb Khoa hoc xi h6i.
HiNfL
Trka Khinh An. 2012. Anh hudng ciia Facebook tdi v6n xa hpi cua sinh vifin hi§n nay. Hoi thio khoa hgc
"Thanh nifin Vi?t Nam hi$n nay tir giSc do lien nginh khoa hpc x3 hOi" ciia Lien Chi doin cpm 27
Trin Xuin Sosn. Vifin Hin lim Khoa hpc xi hOi Vifit Nam.
TrSn Thi Minh E)ilc vi Bdi Thj H6ng Thii. 2015. Cic loai htah hojt dpng trfin m?ng xi hji cda sinh vifin vi
nhitag y^u t6 inh huong. Tgp chi Khoa hoc BHQG Hd Nfi: Chuyen san Khoa hgc Xa hfi vi Nhdn
vdn, st 2.
Trin Httu Luyin, Trin HOu LuyIn, Trin Thi Minh Dfa, Bdi Thi Hong Thii. 2015. Mgngxd hfi vii sinh
vien. Nxb Dgi hpc Qu6c gia Hi Npi. Hi NOi.