Một số cách tiếp cận lý thuyết và phương pháp trong nghiên cứu về tình dục trên thế giới

Mot so each ti6p can Iy thuyit va phirmig phap
trong nghien cihi vh tinh due tren th6 giM
L6 Thu Hien'"'
T6m til: Trgng sd nhung nghiin cuu vl linh dgc. cd thi thdy mgt sd ly thuyil thudng
dugc van dung bao gom: ly thuyit tiin hda. ly thuyil Irao ddi xd hgi kiin tao xd hgi vd
ly thuyet vesu gan kit Cdc phuong phdp dugc sti dung nhiiu trong nghiin eiu vi linh
I dm tren Ihegtat bao gdm cd nghiin cOu lich dgi vd nghiin cuu ddng dai Bdl viil ldng
r qi^an mgi so cdch tiep cgn ly thuyit vd phuang phdp da dugc sir dung Irong nghiin ciru
ve ttnh due tren thi gidi. Bin cgnh do Id tdng quan mgt sd phuong phdp da dugc img
dtfng trong cac nghiin cm vl linh due a Viel Nam. cho thdy ro nhiing khgdng trdng vi
phuangphap vi ly thuyit Irong nghiin cuu vi tinh due cdn dugc chii Irgng
Tir khda: Tiep can i-j tiiuyit, Nghien ciiu tinh dye, Phuong phip nghien ciiu
NghiSn cuu vi ho|it ddng tinh dye
khdng phii li mdi quan tim cua xa hpi
hpc ehp din cudi tfii ky XX. Trong khi
dp, tfieo Tir diin Xd hgi hgc Oxford, rit
nhiiu nginh khoa hpc khic ngpii xa hpi
hpc lai cpi day li ttpng tim nghien ciiu va
ngudi ta thudng nhic tdi ba ti^iyin flidng:
mdt la y - sinh hpc; hai li phfin tam hpc;
vi thu ba li khio sit xa hpi vdi cdng tiinh
cua Alfred Kinsey. Alfred Kinsey dupe
coi li ngudi diu tien ip dung phuong
phip khoa hpc tiong nghien cilu vi tinh
dye (Trudng Dfii hpc Khpa hpc xfi hpi vfi
Nhan vfin, 2012).
Cho dinfliSpnien 1960, xi hpi hpc mdi
hinh thinh chS dimg cho riSng minh trong
nghien cdu vi tinh dye. Cic hpc gii John
Gagnon vi William Simon vdi tic phim
ThS.. Hoc vi^n Thanh Ihi^u men Vi^t NamEmail:

Sexual Conduct (1973) da gdp phan vio
vipc phit tiien quan diim giii thich ve hinh
vi tinh dye khdng chi tap tning vio yeu ti
sinh hpc mi eoi dd nhu mpt biiu tiimg vi
hoat ddng tinh dye bi quy dinh bdi yiu to
vin hda - xi hpi. Trong cudn History gf
Sexuality: An Intrgducllgn (1978), Foucault
cho ling dnh dye duprc t^o ra, thay doi,
chmh sua lien luc vi tfieo dd, bin chit ciia
dien ngdn vi trai nghiem vi tinh dye ciing
tfiay ddi tfieo. Tii dd eho tdi nay, cae nghien
Cliu ve tinh dye dupe tiin hanh vi v|in dyng
cic phuong phip, ly tfiuyit khac nhau. Bii
viit niy s5 xem xet cac ly tiiuyit duoc eic
nhi nghien eim ip dyng trong nghien ciiu
ve tinh dye ndi chung va tinh dye tiong hdn
nhfin ndi rieng.
1, Cac hudrng tiep can ly thuyet
* Ly thuyit liin hgg
Quan diim CO bin vi tiin hda li sy
tfiay ddi cua tiii gidi thuc vfit, loii vjt vi


24
cd con ngudi la do sy bien ddi vd gen, hay
nhffng qua trinh mang tinh ty nhidn khac
va nhuTig thay ddi ndy la sy dam bao ehac
chan nhat cho sy sdng cdn ciia ca thd va
gidng lodi- Dya trdn quan didm nay, each

tidp can tam Iy mang tinh tien hda dugc
phat trien, dd Id cde nghidn cuu ve nhdn
thue vd hdnh vi ciia eon ngudi da tidn hoa
nhu the ndo de ddm bdo muc tieu tien hda
Id duy tri noi gidng c i ^ lodi. Nhimg khudn
mau hanh vi cho sy bdo tdn sdng cdn dd
cd thd CO nguon gdc tur td tien ciia chiing
ta va con ngudi ngay nay dugc thira kd nd
trong gen ctia minh. Cdc nhd nghien cim
bdt ddu quan tam tdi khia canh ndy trong
vai thdp nidn trd lai day vdi cdc nghidn
cuu ve lya chgn ban tinh, hdnh vi tinh due
bdi vi hp cho rdng nd gdn lidn vdi sy sdng
cdn va duy tri noi gidng thdng qua tai sinh
sdn (F.Gary Kelly, 2011).

Th6ng hn Khoa hoc xa hoi. s6 9.2016
* Ly thuyit trao doi x3 hdi
Ly thuydt trao ddi xa hdi dugc su dung
de phan tich nhimg tuang tdc xd hgi dya
teen ca sd gia dinh rang trong mdt tuong
tde, mdi cd nhdn se can nhdc nhihig gi hg
thu duoc vd mdt di trong cac hdnh vi tuang
tdc lien ca nhan. Cdch tidp can nay giup ly
gidi nhung tuang tac vd tinh dye cd thd xay
ra hay khdng va nhu the nao (T. Scott
Yabiku, Constance T. Gagner, 2009).
Ly thuydt trao ddi ggi ra rdng, ngudi ta
thudng so sdnh sy thda man tinh due md
hp nhgn dugc trong mdi quan he hi$n tgi

vdi nhthig ngudn lyc tidm nang khac ciia
sy thda man vd tinh due. Do vay, trong
mpt mdi quan he, khi cd nhan thu nhgn
dugc nhidu tinh cam lidn quan tdi tinh dye
thi hp sd gidm nhihig mong mu6n khdc
trong mdi quan he dd. Them nifa, trong
nhihig tinh huong ma nhChig didu cd dugc
lien quan tdi tinh dye it, ca hai ben ed thd
c6 rdt it dpng lyc ^k duy tri mdi quan he.

Cdch tiep c ^ theo thuyet tidn hoa dua
ra Igp ludn rang, cdc cd nhan phdi thda
hi?p trong sy phdn bd ngudn lyc giira mdi
Sy thda mdn ve tinh due c6 lidn quan
quan he vdi ban ddi vd sy dau tu vdo vai
trd ldm cha m?. Mdt khi cdc cdp ddi dd co tdi nhieu ydu td khde niia nhu ehdt lugng,
con, bgn ddi ciia hp se thay ddi sy phdn bo ky vpng va sy gdn kdt vd mdt cdm xuc. Do
nguon lyc, cdng hidn it ngudn lyc hon ddi vdy, sy tdng len hay gidm di ciia sy thda
vdi tinh dye trong hdn nhdn va tap trung man tinh dye cd thd hieu mot cdch don
nhidu hon vdo nudi dudng va cham sde gian Id he qud tryc tiep eiia nhiing nguyen
nhihig diia eon ciia hp. H? qud cila vide dd tac trao ddi ma d mdt muc dp ndo dd, theo
Id sy syt gidm tEui sudt quan he tinh due Sprecher trong mdt nghidn ciiu ndm 2002.
sy thda man tinh dye dgi di?n cho sy cdn
(Chien Liu, 2000).
bdng giiia nhiing gi hp cd dugc vd nhthig
Thuyet tien hda giiip cung cdp nhihig gi hp mat di trong khia canh tinh due ciia
gid thuydt vd khuynh hudng tinh due ciia mdt moi quan h? (Ddn theo: Kristina
con ngudi ndi chung, dd Id con ngudi lya Dzara, 2009).
chpn vd cd khd ndng duy tri sy sdng cdn
M^t khdc, ly thuydt trao doi xd h^i

mang linh ty nhien cua minh (Dan theo:
cung ggi ra rang moi cd nhdn trong quan
Chien Liu. 2000). Tuy nhien, hong thyc
he cdp ddi d^u ddng gdp vd Idy di sy dn
td, cdch tidp cgn nay chua thd ly gidi dugc
djnh chung ciia mdi quan h^ dd - mgt sy
hdt nhihig logi hinh ciia cdc hdnh vi tinh
cdn bdng vd quy^n lye. Do vdy, mdc dii
dye, vi dy nhu ddi vdi nhimg trudng hgp
didu ndy ed dnh hudng tdi cd chdt lugng
cac cdp ddi lya chpn chung sdng vdi nhau
va tinh dye trong hdn nhan vdi cd vg vd
ma chu y khdng sinh con.
chdng trong nhihig md hinh phdn tich


khic nhau, nhung cudi cimg thi su cfin ttiem chit lugmg cho tdng tfii ciia mdi
bang ve quyin lyc tfiudng nghieng vi phia quan he dd (su thda man, tinh yeu vi sy
ngudi chong. Dac biet su tuong tie ttong ring bupc/cam kit). Hon ntta, sy trao dii
hdn nhin d thdi ky diu cd inh hudng tdi tiong mii quan h | dd eing cdng iling, hop
vice lieu ring cap ddi cd tiip tyc chung ly bao nhieu, cd ti'nh din ca cim xiic vi
song vdi nhau hay khdng. Phat hien niy hinh vi tinh due till ngudi ban ddi cing cd
cung gpi ra ring, ngudi vp v i ngudi xu hudng dida mfin vdi moi quan he cua
chdng ed the cd nhiing ky vpng khic nhau hp bSy nhieu.
ddi vdi "phin tfiudng" trong hdn nhfin.
^ Tuy nhien, khi bin vi ly thuyit trao
Anh hudng tii phia ngudi vp tdi tfianh
edng cila cudc hdn nhan chu yiu li tu tiii ddi xa hdi, Michel Bozon nhfin manh ring
nghiem mang tinh tong flii v i cudc hdn ngu chi tinh den nhiing gi cd dupe vi mil
nhan. Viec nhiing cjp ddi tiip tyc iiuy tii di tiong mdi quan he tinh due ciia cap vo

vi tfing su tiida man vdi nhiing cii chi yeu chdng flii cae nhi nghiSn cuu cd Uii bd
thuong, au yim, die biet vdi ngudi chdng qua su fliit ling ngudi vp hay ching
^ ^ h ^ c d lpi hem so vdi ngudi vp, s5 khdng ngang bang nhau vi nguon lyc vi
^ ^ ^ T c h l c b viSc duy tii cupc hdn nhan ^i vpng tiong moi quan hp niy. Sy tfiit
rang CO hdi ciia nO gidi vin bj han chi
|"Dzara,20IO).
Theo ly tfiuyit ti;ao dii xa hpi, tin suit trong van d i vi tinh due, ngupc lai nd
quan he tinh dye tfiip cd tiii lim gifim di dudng nhu li quyin luc cua nam gidi
"phan thudng" ddi vdi mii quan he tiong (Michel Bozon, 2001).
hdn nhfin, Uiy nhien nhttng ngudi da kit hdn
* Thuyit kiin lao xd hdi
se^phii dii mjt vdi nhiiu lio can hon di cd
Uie k6t tfiilc mdi quan he cua minh ngofii
^ Nhttng ngucri tiico thuyit kiin tao xa
khia c ^ tinh dye, do vfiy mfi finh hudng hpi gii djnh ring, nhttng hinh dpng tinh
ciia tan suit quan hp tinh due it dii vdi su dye cd tiii mang y nghTa xi hpi vi ci nhin
tan vd cua hdn nhfin cd tfii bj giim di (f. lit khic nhau, phu thupc vio viec ehiing
Scott Yabiku, Constance T. Gagner, 2009).
dupe nhin nhin v i hiiu tiong njittng nin
Khi phfin lich ve ly tfiuyit trao ddi xi van hda vi cic thdi ky lich su khic nhau.
hpi vi tinh dye, Susan Sprecher ehp ring Ngoii vipc inh hudng ldi cich cae ci
cieh tiip can tino ddi xa hpi mang lai mdt nhin nhin dien vi hinh dpng, nhiing kiin
lfing kinh mfi qua dd chung ta cd thi kiim lao ve lich su xi hpi cung hinh Uiinh v i
dinh tai sao su thda mfin vi tinh due lai cd gin nhttng y nghTa chn trii nghiem chung
mdi quan h | chfit che vdi chit lupng eua ve tinh due, vi dy nhu: kiin tao vi nhan
tdng the mdi quan bp (Susan Sprecher. dang, khai nipm, y tudng vi quy tie vi
2002). Vi dy, tfieo md hinh phan tieh linh dye. Thdng qua nhttng ngudi theo
tuong lie vi sy tfida man tinh due: su thda tiiuyet kiin tao xi hpi, cie nhi nghiSn eim
man vi tinh dye tang niu nhttng gi thu CP flie tim kiim nhttng y nghTa da dang
dupe (award) cao cdn nhttng gi mil di khac nhau ciia tinh due tiong vi gitta cic

(cost) lai thfip. khic biet gitta sy dupc-mfit nhdm xa hpi (Maria Isabel Martind
niy dupe so sinh theo tung cip dp vi cd Vilanueva, 1999).
sy binh ding giDa nhttng ngudi bjn ddi
Michel Bozon cho ring tiong pham vi
trong vipc tiao dii niy. Mpt mii quan he
tiong tinh due tiiinh edng cd tfii lim tfing ciia hdn nhan, nam gidi vi phy ntt cd
quyen ddi vdi nhau vi co tiii ciia ngudi
kia, dieu nay dupe coi la nghTa vy vp


Thong hn Khoa bgc xa hOI- s6 9.2016

26
chdng. Nhiing the chd xa hdi vd tdn gido
tao ndn cdc quy tdc de cac cap ddi cd the
chung sdng vdi nhau, hdn nhdn id canh
cira cho hogt dpng tinh due, nd tgo ra rao
edn de tach biet giiia nhfing diia con hgp
phdp vd de tha thu cho nhiing lan ham
mudn nhue due phi dgo dire vd bdl hgp
phap. Tmh dye dich thyc Id mdt gia tri eua
hdn nhan (Michel Bozon, 2001).
* Ly thuyit vi su gdn ket
Ly thuydt ve sy gan kdt d tudi
trudng thanh:
Cac nghien cuu ciia John Bowlby
(vao cac ndm 1969.1973. 1980) thira nhgn
rdng, nhiing tuong tac ban ddu vdi nhiing
ngudi quan trpng sd hinh thdnh nen hanh
vi va n h ^ thuc xa hpi lidn quan tdi kieu

quan h? vd nhung doi tde trong moi quan
h? do d giai dogn trudng thdnh. Hai chidu
cgnh c6 moi quan hd giao nhau tryc tiep
xac djnh sy khdc bidt mang tinh cd nhan
trong sy gdn kdt d tudi trudng thanh.
Chieu cgnh ddu lien dugc gpi Id sy ldng
trdnh (avoidance), phdn dnh mux: dp mpt
ca nhdn khdng cam thay thodi mdi vdi sy
gan gui va tinh cdm vd mdt cdm xiic trong
cdc mdi quan hd. Chidu canh thir hai dugc
gpi Id su lo du (anxiety), dd cap ddn muc
d0 mpt cd nhan cdm thay lo ldng vd ngdm
nghT vd viec hg bj tir choi hoJc cdm dodn
bdi ngudi ban ddi cua hp (Ddn theo:
Bethany Bulzer, Lome Campbell, 2008).
Mikulincer vd Shaver trong cac
nghien cim ndm 2003 vd 2007 da gidi
thi?u mpt md hinh cd thd cy thd hda dgng
eo va cdch thuc v ^ hdnh ca chd gdn kdt d
ngudi trudng thanh. Theo md hinh ndy,
chien thugt ddu tien ciia co chd gdn kdt dd
la tim kiem sy gdn giii ddi vdi nhiing hinh
in kdt khi cd nhu cdu. Cam gidc gdn
tdm c6 xu hudng dugc hinh thdnh
&ng hinh dnh gdn kdt ton tai vd ddp
nhu cau cua ca nhdn, didu nay khuydn

K

I

khich hinh thanh nhiing mdi rang bu§c cd
anh hudng vd gdn gui vdi ngudi khac. Mdt
khdc, ndu nhu hinh anh gdn kit khdng tdn
tgi hay khdng dugc dap iing lidn tyc, chidn
luge gdn kdt thd hai dd gidi quydt cdm
gidc khdng an tam se duge sir dung. Chidn
luge thu hai ndy bao gdm ldng muc
(hyperaetivation)
ho§e
vd
hiiu
(deactivation) hd thdng gdn kdt. Muc tidu
ciia chien luge tdng mdc la cd dugc sy
chii y ciia nhfing hinh anh gdn kdt doi vdi
cd nhan va ed nhdn thd hien sy chdm sdc,
dpng vien. Do vdy, nhirng ea nhdn cd cdm
gidc gdn ket theo chidu hudng Io au sd rdt
no lyc dd duy tri sy gan giii ddi vdi hinh
dnh gdn ket va giam sdt cdc moi quan h?
ddi tac eiia hg vi nhung ddu hieu thidu
thdn hodc m?t mdi sinh ly, hay m^t mdi
vdi edm xiic gan giii. Con cdc chiin luge
vd hidu hda Id dd kidm che>vidc tim kidm
sy gAn gui nhdm phdn img lai hinh dnh
gdn kdt khdng tdn tai. Nhung ed nhdn cd
CO chd gdn ket kidu ldng tranh cd thd duy
tri sy dpc lgp vd tin tudng vdo bdn thdn
hp, vd hg phii nhgn cdc nhu cau hay trang
thai cdm xuc cd thd kieh hoat co che gdn

ket (Dan theo: Bethany Butzer, Lome
Campbell, 2008).
- Sy gdn kdt ciia ngudi trudng thdnh
vd tinh due:
Cdc nghidn cuu trudc day ciia
Mikulincer, Shaver, Hazan ggi ra rdng
nhiing cd nhan co cdm gidc gdn kdt an tam
thudng cd nhung trdi nghi?m tinh due vd
sy thda mdn tinh dye tieh cyc trong cdc
moi quan h? ciia hp. Tuy nhien, cdc m^i
quan he tlnh due cua nhihig cd nhin cd xu
hudng gdn kdt kidu lo du (anxiously
attached individuals) co khuynh hudng
xoay (juanh viec tdng muc dp gdn kel ciia
hp, didu ndy khidn cho hp phu thugc trien
midn vdo sy ddng y cua ngudi khdc vd
ludn quan tam tdi vi?c bj bd roi vd bj tir
chdi. Vi dy, c ^ cd nhdn cd xu hudng gdn


^^
J.
^
J
.^

ket kieu Io du ndi rdng hp quan he tinh due
dd gidm cam gidc khdng an tdm va tao
dyng cam giac cyc ky gdn gui, trong khi
do khd ndng thuong lugng vd van dd tmh

due cua hg rdt thdp, ya lo sg rdng ndu hp
yeu edu thao ludn vd vdn dd tinh due sd
khidn cho ban tinh xa ldnh ho (Dan theo:
Bethany Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008).
Cac cd nhan cd ca chd ne trdnh
thudng nd lyc vd hidu hda ca chd gdn kdt
ciia hg bdng hai each lidn quan tdi hanh vi
tinh dye. Ddu tien, hg ed gdng giii khodng
cdch giua chinh hp vdi cdc hogt dpng tinh
due, vi dy nhu eo quan he tinh dye d dp
tudi mupn hon, cd cdc hdnh vi tinh dye
khdng giao hgp, quan tdm nhidu hom tdi
cdc benh lay truydn qua dudng tinh due,
vd cd niem tin mgnh me ban vdi lgi ich
ciia vi^c sir dyng bao cao su. Thd hai,
nhfing ed nhan theo co chd lang hdnh cd
thi cd nhthig mdi quan h? tinh dye chi
trong nhihig bdi canh hp khdng ed quan h?
tinh cdm. Vi dy, hp s5 it cd thdi dO cdm
dodn hay han chd tinh due, hg quan he tinh
dye Id dd gay dn tugng vdi nhdm bgn be
ciia minh (ddi Igp vdi myc dich lang mgn
tii tinh dye), hp cd bgn tinh mpt dem vd
khdng cam kdt gdn bd nhidu. Khudn mau
ndy cd ve nhu diing vdi ed hai gidi, va ty le
dung vdi nam gidi dudng nhu nhidu hon
(Din tiieo: Betiiany Butzer, Lome
Campbell, 2008).
2. Cdc phunmg phdp thirdng d^gc sd
dung khi nghidn cmi ve tinh due

* Nghiin citu lich dgi
Sau khi trien khai nghien cihi tir
nhfing ndm 1980, cdc nhd nghidn edu da
tidp tyc theo ddu cdc c§p ddi trong mgt vdi
ndm va theo nhidu giai dogn khdc nhau.
Didu nay cho phep hg co did kidm chung
nhfing d$c tnmg vd tinh dye thay ddi theo
thdi gian va sire khde tinh dye ti-ong mdt
mdi quan hd tgi mpt thdi didm anh hudng

nhu the ndo den ket qud tiong tuang lai
eua mdi quan he do (F. Scott Christopher,
Susan Sprecher, 2000), hay phdt hidn ra
nhiing bdi cdnh ddn tdi sy thay ddi trong
tan sudt quan he tinh dye mong mudn va
sy hdi long trong mdi quan he ndi ehung
va quan he tinh dye ndi ridng (Anthony
Smitii,etal,2011).
Tuy nhien, cho tdi nay, cdc nghien
cuu da cdng bd su dung each tidp can nay
ddu dung bd sd lieu cua cdc eupc didu ua
ldn, trong dd tinh due la mpt khia cgnh vd
cac nha nghidn cuu chpn lgc mau tu cac
cuge didu tra dd dk phdn tieh nhung van
de lidn quan tdi tinh due ma hg quan tam
(Kritina Dzara, 2010; T. Scott Yabiku,
Constance T. Gagner, 2009; Hsiu - Chen
Yeh, et al, 2006; Baorong Guo, Jin
Huang, 2005). Rdt it cdc nghien cuu lich
dgi tgp tmng toan bp vdo khia cgnh tinh

dye, CO thd bdi ti'nh nhay cdm eua van dk
ndy, ndu cd ehi hong thdi gian tuong ddi
ngdn nhu 6 thang (James K. MeNulty,
Terri D. Fisher, 2008) hay 18 tiidng (E.
Sandra Byers, 2005). Vd dd chpn dupe sd
lugng ldn ngudi dong y tham gia vao
nghidn cuu lien quan tdi tinh dye, ngudi
nghien cuu sd dua tinh dye vdo Itnh vye
ldn hon nhu nghien cuu ve sue khde va
cde mdi quan he, sau do mdi lya chpn ra
dugc ty Id ngudi nhdt djnh ddng y tham
gia vdo nghidn cuu ndy (Anthony Smith,
et al, 2011); hay ddt tinh due h-d thdnh
mdt ITnh vye quan trpng trong cugc sdng
ciia cdc cdp ddi (so vdi cdng viec, tidn
bac) dk nghidn cim (Philip Blumstein,
Schwartz Pepper, 1983).
* Nghiin cuu ddng dgi
Do hdu hdt cac nghidn eim trudc ddy
ddu la cdc nghien euu theo lat cdi ngang
(hay dong dgi - cross sectional) vd khong
co nhidu hon hai giai dogn dir Ii?u di kdt
noi cac yeu td lien quan ddn tinh due, mdi


28
quan he nhan qud giiia cdc yeu td deu dya
tren quydt dinh cua cac nha nghidn euu
chu Ididng phdi nhfing bdng chung thyc
nghiem (Susan Sprecher, 2002; F. Scott

Christopher, Susan Sprecher, 2000).

Thong Hn Khoa hoc xa hdi. sd 9.2016

nghidn euu dd bdt dau quan tam tdi tinh
due vdi nhihig didm ti'ch cyc ciia nd
hudng tdi sy phat trien todn didn ciia con
ngirdi, dat tinh d^c !d mgt trong cac chii
de nghien edu ve sy thay ddi quan ni^m
ve gid tii ciia nam gidi vd nu gidi lien
Cdc nghien ciiu ddng dai ve tinh dye quan ddn hdn nhan va gia dinh (Nguyin
chil ydu tap trung tim ra mdi quan he giiia Quang Vinh, Trdn Dan Tdm, Dao Quang
cdc yeu td nhu sy thda mdn tinh due, sy Binh, 2011), hay nhdn manh den quydn
thoa man hdn nhdn vdi vi&: su dung cac bp tinh dye cua cac ca nhdn (Vii Cong Giao,
thang do cd san nhu: thang do ENRICH 2013), vd cd nhfing nghien cuu chi mdi
ciia Foumier, Olson va Druckman (1983); bdt ddu dd cdp tdi sy ddng thuan vd linh
bp thang chi so vd sy thoa man tinh due dye (Ld Viet Phuang, 2014). Cac the hi^n
ISS (Index of Sexual Satisfaction) cua tich eye cua tinh due bao gdm: mdi quan
Hudson, Harrison vd Crosscup (1981); he ddng tiiudn, tdn tipng ldn nhau, dugc
thang do ciia Hendrick (1988) ve sy thda bdo vd vd tinh due giiip cdi thidn sy loan
mdn trong hdn nhdn (Ddn theo: Bethany ven ciia sue khde vd ehdt lugng eupc song
Butzer, Lome Campbell, 2008). Hodc mdt (Hoang Tii Anh, Trdn Manh Hdi, VQ Song
sd cdng cu nhu: bdng hdi Md hmh trao ddi Hd,2006),...
lidn cd nhdn vd sy tiida man tinh dye
lEMSS (Interpersonal Exchange Model of
Tinh dye van cdn la mdt van dl "nhgy
Sexual Satisfaction), thang do toan edu vd cdm", "tl nhi" d mpt xa hgi ehju dnh
sy thda mdn o^ng mdi quan he GMREL hudng nhidu bdi Nho giao nhu Viet Nam,
(Global
Measure

of
Relationship do vgy, vide thu thdp thdng tin ddng tin
Satisfaction), tiiang do todn cdu vd sy thda cdy ve tinh due cang khd khdn (Trdn Thj
mdn tinh dye GMSEX (Global Measure of Minh Thi, 2008). Thong tin dl phdn tich
Sexual Satisfaction) ciia Lawrance vd Byer ve tinh due chii yiu ndm xen kd tiong cdc
(1998); h o ^ su dyng bang hdi dd tiidy nghien cdu vl hdn nhdn va gia dinh. Nhin
dugc mdi quan h? ciia mdt sd ydu to lien chung, cac nhd nghien cuu cdn chua v^n
quan ldi tinh dye vdi chat lugng ciia mdi dyng ly thuyit vdo ly gidi ede vdn dl lien
quan h? vdi cdc cdp ddi (Dean M. Busby quan tdi tinh dye vg chdng hien nay. Day
etal,2010).
Id mgt khoang trdng cho cdc nhd nghien
cuu sau nay.
3. Nghien ciru tinh due d Vj|t Nam va
Vd phuang phdp, cac nghidn cuu khi
nhihig ggi md cho cae nghien cihi tiep theo
tiin hdnh thu thap tiidng tin vl ITnh vye
CJ Viet Nam, van dk tinh dye dugc ndy vin thudng la nghidn cdu djnh linh,
quan tdm bdt ddu tii sy bimg nd ciia quan va tiiong tin dugc phan tich tiieo cdch kl
he tinh due tiirdc va ngoai hdn nhan tir chuyan (narrative analysis) (Vu Song Hd,
cudi nhfing ndm 1980, vd tdi cudi thap ky 2005; Tine Gammeltoft, 2006; Nguyen
1990 siic khde tinh due bdt ddu duge de Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Dinh Thai
c§p tdi. Trong giai dogn ndy, vdn dd tlnh Son, 2010; Qudch Thu Trang, 2009). Mau
dye duge de cgp tdi tiong cdc nghidn cdu dugc chpn theo phuang phdp "snow ball"
t$p tiung vdo nhfing hgu qua tidu cyc ddi (trdi tuyet Idn) (Qudch Thu Trang, 2009;
vdi sue khoe do nd mang lai ddi vdi cac Bui Thu Huong, 2010). Rat it cdc nghidn
nhdm xa hpi. Tdi ddu tiid ky XXI, cdc nha cuu dinh lugng dugc tidn hdnh mgt cdch


dpc Igp khi noi vd vdn dd tinh due cua cdc
cdp vg ehdng (Vu Thanh Long, Nguyen

Ngoc Huong, Khuat Thu Hong, Chengchi
Shiu, 2009). Day ciing la mpt khoang
trdng cho cac nhd nghidn cuu sau nay khi
nghien cuu vd ITnh vye tinh due. Ddng
thdi, cac ly thuyet vd tinh due cung cdn
dugc dp dung ly gidi trong cdc kit qua
nghien cuu nhieu hon nua a

Psychology,
766-774.

Volume 24, Issue 6-

7. E. Sandra Byers, (2005), "Relationship
satisfaction and sexual satisfaction. A
longitudinal study of individuals in
long-terai relationships". Journal of
Sex Research, Volume 42, Issue 2113-118.
8. F. Gary Kelly (2011), Sexuality Taday,
lOed, Meghan Sugarman, New York.

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1. Hoang Tu Anh, Trin Msinh Hii, Vy
Song Ha (2006), Nhiing diim chung vi
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B

Anfliony Smitii, et al (2011), "Sexual
and Relationship Satisfaction among

Heterosexual Men and Women: The
Importances of Desired Frequency of
Sex", Jgurngl of Sex & Marital
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3. Baorong Quo, Jin Huang (2005),
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Chinese Families: Exploring the
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Marllal Therapy, N''31: 21 -29.
4. Bethany Butzer, Lome Campbell
(2008), "Adult Attachment, Sexual
Satisfaction
and
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Satisfaction: A study of Married
Couples", Personal Relationships,
N°I5(1): 141-154.
5. Chien Liu (2000), "A theory of Marital
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6. Dean M. Busby, Jason S. Carroll,
and Brian J. Willoughby (2010),
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Effees of Sexual Timing on Marriage
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9. F. Scott Christopher, Susan Sprecher
(2000), "Sexuality in Marriage, Dating
and Otticr Relationships: A Decade

Review", Joumgl gf Marriage and
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quyin tinh dgc trin Ihi glai vd mgi s6
vdn di ddt ra vai Viet Nam,
hr.law.vnu.edu. vn
11. Va Song Ha (2005), Sir tm ldng ciia
phu na vd su hda thugn trong gia
dinh: Thdi dg vd hdnh vi llnh due eda
phtf na ngng thdn cd gia dlnh, Nxb.
The gidi. Hi Ndi.
12. Nguyen Ngoc Huong, Khual Thu
Hong, Dinh Thai Son (2010), Living a
"Pendulum"
life.
Practicing
"Pendulum" sex? A qualllalive study
on the sexual life of rural-urban
migrant laborers in Hanoi and Ho Chi
Mlnh city. Women Publishing House,
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13. Bui Thu Huong (2010), "'Let's talk
about
sex,
baby":
Sexual
Communication in Marriage in
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Health Sexuality. N°12 (August 2010)19-29.
14. Hsiu - Chen Yeh, Frederick O. Lorenz,

K.A.S Wickama, Rand D. Conger
(2006), "Relationships among Sexual
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Thong Hn Khoa hgc xd h$t. s6 9.2016
Marital histability at Midlife", Family
Psychology, Vol.20, N"2; 339-343.
15. James K. McNulty, Terri D. Fisher
(2008), "Gender DifiFerences in
Response to Sexual Expectancies and
Changes in Sexual Frequency: A
Short-term Longitudinal Study of
Sexual Satisfaction in Newly Married
Couples", Arch Sex Behav, Volume
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16. Kristina Dzara (2009), An exploration
and comparison of indicator of marital
sexuality as predictors of marital
disruption (A dissertation submitted in
Partial fiilftllment ofthe Requirement
for Doctor of Philosophy), Proquest
LLC.
17. Kritina Dzara (2010), "Assessing the
Effect of Marital Sexuality on Marital
Disruption", Social Science Research ,
Volume 39, Issue 6: 715-724.

22. Lo Via Phirong (2014). "Quan niem vi
hdn nhan va gia dinh cua nguiri dan Ha

Noi", trong: Gia dinh Viet Nam trong
qud trinh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dgi
hoa vd hgi nhdp tir cdch liep cdn so
sdnh, Nxb. Khoa hoc xa hdi. Ha Ndi.
23. Susan Sprecher (2002), "Sexual
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in
Premarital
Relationships:
Associations
witii
Satisfaction, Love, Commiment, and
Stability", The Journal of Sex
Research. Vol 39, Issue 3: 190-196.
24. Trin Thj Minh Thi (2008),"Hanh vi tinh
dye eda ngudi dan ndng tiidn," trong:
Tnnh Duy Luan, Helle Rydstiom and
Will Burghoom (2008), Gia dlnh ndng
thdn Viit Nam Irong chuyin ddi. Nxb.
Khoa hoc x3 hdi. Ha Ndi.
25 Tine Gammeltoft (2006), "La mpi
ngudi djc bi$t vdi ai dd: Vin de tinh
dye tfli dd tiii tiong xa hgi Vi^t Nam
dirong dai", Gidi. Tlnh due vd Sire
khoe Ttnh d^c, so 11.

18. Vu Thanh Long, Nguyen Ngoc Huong,
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su thi hiin chu Ihi trong dai sdng tinh

men. A Preliminary investigation in
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27. Tnrdng Dai hoc Khoa hgc xi hdi vi
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Oxford, Nxb. Dai hpc Qu6c gia H4
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Female's Sexuality in Puerto Rico,
Stability of Marital and Cohabiting
UMI Company.
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Dio Quang Binh (2011), "Nil rieng
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ciia cic nghidn cdu ve gidi d Nam bd
Philip Blumstein, Schwartz Pepper
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i