Xóa đói, giảm nghèo ở tỉnh nghệ an một số kinh nghiệm và giải pháp

THUC TliN - KINH NGHIEM

Xoa floi, giam ngheo oi tinh Nghe An
mot so i(inh nghiem va giai phap
• NGUYEN TH! THUY CU-eyNG
Trifcrng Bai hoc Kinh ti Nghe An

Dai hdi Dai biiu toan quic lin thd x n ctia Ding nhto dmh: VietNam da hoan thmhtahet™^^^
bincaccWtieuTMenmenkycuaL,enhppqudc,dicbietdafli^ctaentotcMtieue™n^^^^
bat viit nay nhim gidi flneumpt si flainhtiru, kmh ngMemxdadd,,pamngheocuatiM,Nghp^^
p ^ lam rd nhan L l tten. Hy vong day selanhiing kinh ngMem tdtve cong tacxoa dot, giam ngheo
cho mdt sd dia phuong d nudc tit giai doan Men nay
uc dp ddi nghep tten flii gidi khdng
giing nhau, nen khdng ed mdt chuto
ngheo chung cho tit ca mpi noi, mpi
hd, moi nguoi. "Ngheo la tinh ttang mdt bp phto dto
cu'khdng dupc hudng va flipi mto nhung nhu cau
CO bto cita con ngudi ma nhiing nhu cau niy dupc
xa hdi thira nhto tity flieo ttmh dp phat todn kfah te
- xa hdi v i phong tiic tap quin ctia dia phuong"'". 0
VietNam, khai mem hd ddi laflnhtiangbd phan dto
eu ngheo cd muc sing dudi muc tdi fliieu, com
khdng du no, khong du mac, thu nhap khdng bio
dam duy tti cudc sdng. Hd ngheo li hd cd fliu nhap
btah quto diu ngudi dudi 400.000 ddng/ngudi/ttltog
d ndng flidn va dudi 500.000 ddng/ngudi/flitog o
khu vuc flianh fln. Xa ngheo la nhung xa cd ti le hp
nghep til 25% ttd len v i chua cd dit 3 den 6 hang
muc CO sd ha ting fliiit yiu nhu: dien, nudc smh
hoat, dudng giao flidng, ttudng hpc, ttam y te va
cho... Ngoii ra, quan niem ve vto de dot ngheo

ngoai cac tieu cM to, mac, d cdn cd ci tieu cM ve
vto hoa, chtol sdc site khde, cic boat dpng xa hot...
Vdi didn tich 16.490,25 km', ldn nhit ci nudc,
dto sd ban 3,1 ttieu ngudi, flnh Nghe An cd 89 xa

M

Sdthdng6-2016

fliudc didn die biet khd khan d 10 huyen midn nui.
Thanh tint cua Nghe An la da giim ty le hp ngheo
tit 37,35% nim 2006 cdn 26,78% nam 2012; sau
do bmh quto giimhtogntoi (2012-2015) tii2,5
- 3%; cac huyen, cac xa ngheo giim bmh quto tit 4
- 5%/nam. Tit nam 2009 din nay, tinh Nghe An da
fliuc Men mpt sd md hmh giam ngheo nhu: Nam
2009, ttiuc Men md hmh chto tiupi bd cii laismd
cho 13 5 hp d 6 huyen vdi mite diu tti ciia nha nudc
la 860 tieu ddng Eto fa nhto rpng md Mnh ttdng
che Tuyit Shan tai huyen Ky Son vdi dien tich 10
ha/24 hd, vdi tdng mirc hd ttp cua nha nudc li 90
meu ddng. Nam 2010, nip tttcttivicMen nhto rpng
md htah chto nudi bd cai laismd vdi tdng mtic dau
ttt hd ttp ctia nhanudcli 600 meu ddng, nam 2012:
1,3 ty dong. Nam 2014, dvi to nhin rpng md htah
chto nudi ga ic dupc ttiin khai miic diu tii cua nhi
nudc la 400 tiieu dong. Nam 2015, tiip tiic dvi in
nhto rdng md htoh chto nudi bd laisind sinh sto vdt
mdc diu til gin 500 ttieu ddng.
vi cdch td chuc thuc hien: Nghe An da long

ghep cac chuong tiinh, du to ciia ttung uong vdi dia
phuong mdt cich linh boat. Dd li viec ttiin khai cac

Ly luftn e h i n h tri 4 TTnygn thong

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THUC TliN - KINH NGHIEM
NgM quyit 30a/2008/NQ-CP cua CMnh phu ve tofavi fliuc Mpn fliudng cd vtec tang gia phat
chuongtttohhdttogiamngheonMmhvabinviing; Vi ngudn vdn hd ttp cua nhi nudc cdn han ch6
Quyitdtahsd 134/2004/QD-TTg cita Thil tiidng; kM 02 hd gia dtoh nudi chung 01 con giong nenhm
Chuong tttoh 135 giai doan n v i cic chuong tttoh che den vi6c cham sdc, nudi duong... _
muc tieu qudc gia, cic du fa xda ddi giam ngheo
Tilflivictienttto,mpt so ktah n ^ u p n rut lal
tten cac dia bto... Sd Lap ddng - Thuong btoh va ttivic Mpn cMnh sich xda ddi giam ngheo cua Nj
XahdiflnhNgheAnphoihppvdiCMcvicPhitnien Anla:
ndng ttidn v i cic nganh chdc ntog ciia flnh flifah Mot Id, vipc xoa ddi, giitn ngheo cm duoes,
lapdofakiimttakhiositdiadiimdiuttixaydimg quanttoi,cHdaosatsaocuaTinh uy UBNOtm^™;
mdMnh phto bd ktoh pW, lap dvt tofa ttinh Sd Lao Mat ttan Td qudc, cic doan flie cMnh ttt nhuHm
ddng - Thuong bmh v i Xa hdi fllim dinh. Xic dinh phvi nii, Doto ttianh men, Hpi cvm chien bmh, Ha
si luong cic hd ttiam gia du fa, dia phuang tiiam nong dto d cie cap, svi ddng fliuan cua nhan d » .
gia dvr to; tiin hanh btah xet cdng khai. Thdn bto nhit la cic hd ngheofliamgiafliucMdn vatiienkhat
lap danh sich hd ngheo, cd xac nhan cua UBND xa cac chuong trtah, du an cua Trung uang.
Hai la, ttong qui tiinh thuc M$n eac md Mnh ^
v i xic nhan hp nghep cua cac cip cd ttiim quyen.
Triin khai tap huin ky fliuat cMn nudi v i cac bien cac dia
. phuong
.
_ cin khio sit, liy y kiin cua nhta

phapphdngttii dich benh. Hudng din cichp ttmg dto ttong vimg ve^dec lua chpn cac phuang an, cie
budcfliueMendvrfa,tdchiickiimtta,ngMemttiu, mdMnh cay, cpn gidiig,ky fliuat... phu hpp vol dieu
kien tir nMen, kmh ti cua cic hd ngheo.
tong kit danh gii kit qui xay dvmg md hinh.
Ba Id, chil y kM lua chpn cic hp ngheofliampa,
Hieu qui thinh cdng md hinh chfa nudi bd
laismd va bd dia phuang stah stodNgheAntHtao dvi to phii li cic hd ngheo, cd lao ddng, cd cac dial
diiu kien cho cic hp ngheo ttog fliu nhap, tiip fliu kien v i dit dai, kmh ti phu hpp vdi vipc san xuit,
tiin bd khoa hpc ky fliuat lam thay dii dan tu tip nudi ttdng ciy, con gidng. Cic doto ttie va td chfc
qufa chto nudi truyin thing sang chto nudi tap lien quan cincdsukiimtra timg viec dam bao ky
trung, sto xuit cd tinh chit hfag hda rd ret. Sd hp thuit chto nudi; kip thai giiip do v i giii quyet
ngheo v i ty 16 hp ngheo d im6n Tay Nghe An da nhiing vudng mac cita ngudi din.
Bon Id, cd su phdi hcip giiia chinh quyen d^
giam di dtog ki. Nam 2006, toto mien cd 84.705
hd ngheo, cMim ty 16 37,35%. (^6i ntoi 2010, hp phuang v i doi ttipog fliam gia dvi to btog quy che
ngheo xet ttieo tieu cM mdi (2011- 2015) d miin ttach nMem. Chinh quyin xa quto ly, giim sat c l ^
TayNghe An li 94.747 hp, cMimty le 36,19%, nam che, btah xet chmh xic, cdng khai... dam bio giam
viing,nhat
nhit la cac sd nginh hen quan.
2011, cdn 84.254 hp.cMim 31,35%,nam2012 cdn nghec bin1viing,
73.068 hd ngheo cMim ty 16 26,78%iP>.
Mot so giai phap sau day nhdm tiep tuc day
Tuy nhien, sd hd ngheo, ty 16 ddi ngheo va tii manh cdngtdcxda ddi gidm ngheo aNgheAn tnmg
ngheo d miin Tay Nghe An cdn cao so vdi cic tinh hinh mdi:
- Ttog cudng svr phdi hpp ti chiic thuc Mpn gitia
huyen khic ttong tinh. Mdi nam, miin Tay Nghe
An cd ttdn 20.000 hd tii ngheo. Dien hinh cic huyen SVI lanh dao cua cic cip uy Dtog, chmh quy6n. Mat
tian
Td quoc, cic CO quan, dofa ttii v i ngudi ngheo.
cd si hd nghep vi ty 16 hd ddi ngheo cdn cao nhu

Quy Chau, Qui Phong, Tuong Duong, Ky Son... Xda ddi, giam ngheo khdng cM li ttich nMpm ciia
Cic hd ngheo da sd d vimg sau, vimg xa, vimg dto Nhi nudc m i cdn li ttach nMem cua cac td chiic,
tdc thiiu si nen trtah dp thip, tap quto sto xuat, eic doanh ngMep, cic ea nhto, cua toto xa hpi,
chfa nudi tu; do tii lau ddi... nen rit han chi ttong tiudc hit la cua chinh bto ttito ngudi nghep.
sto xuit, chto nudi ttieo khoa hpc, ky fliuat. Ngoai
- Ntog cao nhto thiic ciia ci he flidng chinh tii,
ra, do thi trudng tiuot gii nen kM lap k6 hoach, du tofa flii nhto dto, ngudi ngheottongttivtcfliicMnh

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l y Inan c h i n h tri & IVnyfin thdng

Sdthdng 6-2016


THl/C T l i N - KINH NGHIEM

sich xda ddi giam ngheo. Thudng xuyen tiiyen
tiuyin giao due bing nM6u phuang tien, nhieu hinh
fliilc, tich CIIC td chtic cic ldp tip huin nghiep vu,
ky ttiuat, phd biin kiin ttllic, trao ddi kinh ngMem
sto xuit, ktoh doanh, ttidng tin flii ttudng cho ndng
dto, lam tdt cdng tic giio due dio tao de ntog cao
tiinh dp dto tii cho ngutii ngheo, giup ngucri ngheo
tiip can mdt each nhanh chdng, Meu qua cac
chutmg trtoh, mvic tieu chinh sach cita Nhi nudc.
- Ntog cao nhan thtic v i tmh thto ttach nMem
cho cfa bdtiivictM, td chirc quto ly chinh sach xda
ddi giam ngheo. Thudng xuyen td chiic dio tao, bdi
dudng ngMep vu, tap huan cto bd v i chu truang

chinh sach, ky nfag tuyen ttuyen, hudng din ngudi
ngheo tun cich xda ddi giim ngheo thudng xuyen
va liu dai.
- Phat huy tiuyin thdng nhfa ii, "li lanh ddm la
rich", tim nMiu giii phap huy ddng ngudn vdn diu
til,flivrchien xa hdi hda chfah sich xda ddi giam
ngheo, tich cvic phit huy ndi luc, huy ddng ngudn
llic ttr ndi bd tinh. Keu gpi svr tvt nguyen ddng gdp
cua cic td chiic, cac ca nhto, cic doanh ngMep, cac
tapflie,cac nha hio ttoi ttong va ngoai nudc dau nr
cho chmh sich xda ddi giim ngheo.
- Nfag cip, md rpng dudng giaoflidng,he flidng
fliuy lpi, tudi tidu, xay dvmg mptsicdng tiinh dien,
nudc, eac cdng trinh buu dien - vfa hda mdi cho
nhiing xa ngheo, huyen ngheo. Nhi nudc va nhto
dto cung lam, flute Mfel xa hpi hda ttong viec xiy
dvmg nay.
- Diy manh giio due dio tao nghe, ttog cudng
diu tti ca sd vat chit ky tiiuat, ttang fluit bi phuc vu
cho viec day va hpc, dip tao nghi oho ngudi nghec.
Cd chmh sichttiuhiit dpi ngu giio vien, cto bd qufa
ly cd ttinh dp quto ly, chuyen ngMdp, dupc dip tap,
bdi duong, tap huin fliudng xuyen di ntog cao tinh
do qufa ly, hudng din cho ngudi ngheo. Thin; Men
xa hpi hda giao due ttong viec dao tao nghe giii
quyit viec lam cho ngudi ngheo.
- Thuc Men cii each hinh chtoh,flieohucjng tinh
giin, gpn nhe, nhim ntog cao ntog lure cua bd miy
hinh cbinh ca sd dia phuang. Chu dpng nim bit kip
thdi nhiing vudng mic ttcng cdng tic thuc hien

Sdthdng

6-2016

Hoi thao: "Danh gii hieu qua chinh sach xoa doi
giam ngheo & cac huyen mien T i y Nghe An"
do UBND tioh Nghe An to chirc nh5m tim ra
cac giai phap xoa doi, giam ngheo
Anh: TL

chtah sach xda ddi giam ngheo di cd phuong hudng
v i bien phip giii quyit fliich hpp. Can phii gan
ttach nMem cu flii vdi Meu qui ttllic Men.
- Tfag cudng kiim tra giim sat, dtoh gia id rtog,
mmh bach, khuyin kMch mpi ngudi dto fliam gia
kiim tta giam sit ttong cio boat ddng phto bd
ngudn kinh pU diu tu, sit dvmg, phin phdi, cM ti6u,
cd CO chi khen ttiuong, ky luit ddi vdi nhimg td
chuc, ca nhfa lim tdt hay lim sai chinh sich xda
ddi giim ngheoD

(1) Din Hieo I.e Qu6c Ly (2012), Cliinli sdcli xoa doi giam
ngheo. Thifc Irang vd gidiptiap. Nxb. CTQG, H, tr.l3 -14.
(2) IJy ban nhan dantinjiNglie An (3 2013), Se a« p&rf men
fell* te-xd lioi mdn Tdy tinh NglieAn din ndm 2020. Ti. lieu lim
trii Tinh liy Nghe An.

TAI LEU THAM liHAO:
1. tjy ban nhin dan tinh Nghe An (3.2013), Oe o«pW( Meii

fdfihte-xdli^i min Tdy linh Nghe All den ndm 2020 Imhmhm
tai Tmh liy Ngh? An.
2 Doan Minh Due, Van di ddi ngfieo 6 mdt so tiuyen mien
Tdy Nghe An-Ttiixc trang yd gidi plidp din nam 2020.^xb.t<^&
An, 2010
3.Biiilhiiioani20n).PIidnti6ag!diinglieoffrietNamhien
nay Moi so vdn di ty ludn vd tliuc lien. Nxb. Chinh tn - Hanh
chinli, HaNoi.
,
4. Baa Thi Ngoc Mmh va cac cong sy, Cdm nang ve cfiinli
sdch vd qudn ly chtmg liinh gidm ngheo. Nxb, CTQG. H, 2013.
5. Le Qu6c Ly (2012), Chinh sdch xda doi gidm ngheo. Thir
li-ang vij gioi p/'a;', Nxb. CTQG, Ha Noi.

Ly lu^n eliinfa tri & Ik-nyen th6ng

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