Cn Bộ Ging Dy: TS. V LÊ PH
Bộ Môn Qun L Môi Trưng – Khoa Môi Trưng
TRƯNG ĐI HC BCH KHOA Tp.HCM
BIN ĐI KH
HU V PHT
TRIN BN
VNG
WEEK 6 & 7 (29 Oct 2010)
NỘI DUNG MÔN HỌC
CHƯƠNG 1 – PHT TRIN BN VNG & BIN ĐI
KH HU (1 tun)
CHƯƠNG 2 – CC TC ĐNG CA BIN ĐI KH
HU (2 tun)
CHƯƠNG 3 – KCH BN BIN ĐI KH HU (1 tun)
CHƯƠNG 4 – ĐNH GI TC ĐNG CA BIN ĐI
KH HU (2 tun)
CHƯƠNG 5 – QUI HOCH ĐÔ TH & BIN ĐI KH
HU (1 tun)
CHƯƠNG 6 – CASE STUDIES V BIN ĐI KH HU
(1 tun)
CHƯƠNG 7 – CC TC ĐNG CA BIN ĐI KH
HU TI VIT NAM (2 tun)
ĐNH GI TC ĐNG CA BIN ĐI KH HU
U
Cơ S Đnh Gi Tc Đng ca BIN ĐI KH HU
» t
t thiên tai
thiên tai
i ro
Marikina City
American Samoa
t
o
ng thiên nhiên
a
Cc yu t ca mt thiên tai
Cc thiên tai đu khc
nhau
Mc đ tn tht do
thiên tai l kt qu ca
s tương tc ca cc
h thng t nhiên, x
hi, v h tng môi
trưng nhân to
Nghiên cu đnh gi
tn tht do thiên tai da
vo khu vc c th
RI RO
Hệ thng tự nhiên
TC ĐNG
TN THT
KH NĂNG
CHNG CHU
Hệ thng xã hi &
MT nhân to
GIS
Nghiên cu da
vo khu vc c
thể
THIÊN TAI
“Mt s gin đon v hot đng ca mt cng
đng hoc mt x hi liên quan đn nhng thit
hi v tc đng v con ngưi, ti sn, kinh t
hoc môi trưng, m nhng tc đng hoc thit
hi đ vưt qu kh năng chng chu ca cng
đng vi ngun lc sn c.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Hurricane
Katrina
New
Orleans, LA
Sichuan Earthquake, China
Bn Cht Tc Đng Ca Thiên Tai
RI RO
Hệ thng tự nhiên
TC ĐNG
Thiên Tai: Đng Đt
HAITI
CHILE
7 Magnitude
8.8 Magnitude
8 Miles Deep
21 Miles
Port-au-Prince
Relatively Unpopulated
Area
Strike-slip Fault
Subduction Zone
Cc h thng x hi & Môi trưng nhân to
HAITI
CHILE
Poor Governance
Good Governance
No Enforced Building
Codes
Enforced Building Codes
No Recent Experience
Historical Experience
Poverty
Wealth
HAITI
CHILE
7 Magnitude
8.8 Magnitude
8 Miles Deep
21 Miles
Port-au-Prince
Relatively Unpopulated
Area
Strike-slip Fault
Subduction Zone
RI RO
Hệ thng tự nhiên
TC ĐNG
TN THT
KH NĂNG
CHNG CHU
HT xã hi & MT
nhân to
GIS – Nghiên cu da vo khu vc
Tng thể
RI RO
HT tự nhiên
TC ĐNG
TN THT
KH NĂNG
CHNG CHU
HT xã hi & MT
nhân to
GIS
NC da vo khu
vc
Ri Ro
“Mt hin tưng, hot đng ca con ngưi hoc
điu kin nguy him no đ c th gây thit hi v
tnh mng, thương vong hoc cc tc đng đn
sc khe, thit hi ti sn, mt k sinh nhai v cc
dch v, gin đon cc hot đng kinh t-x hi,
hoc thit hi v môi trưng.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Hurricane
Katrina
Tc đng
“Con ngưi, ti sn, cc h thng h tng, hoc
cc công trnh khc trong khu vc ri ro c nguy
cơ b tn tht nng.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Wildfire in San Diego County, CA
Tn tht/tn thương
“Cc đc đim v tnh trng ca mt cng đng,
h thng h tng hoc ti sn c ri ro b hư
hi/thit hi do thiên tai.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Shanty
Town in
Haiti
Kh Năng Chng Chu
“Kh năng ca con ngưi, cc t chc v cc h
thng x hi, s dng ngun lc sn c, đ ng
ph v xoay s vi cc điu kin bt li, tnh
hung khn cp hoc cc thiên tai.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
"Promotion of Disaster
Education in Schools"
Project in Indonesia
International Forum on Tornade
Disaster Risk Reduction for
Bangladesh
Ri Ro ca Thiên Ti
“Cc thit hi tim tng v
tnh mng, sc khe, k
sinh nhai, ti sn, v cc
dch v h tng, c th
xy ra đi vi mt cng
đng c th no đ trong
mt khong thi gian c
th no đ trong tương
lai.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
The tsunami flooding completely destroyed apartment buildings.
Indonesia; USAID
Model of 1953 Tsunami Event
Suva, Fiji; PDC
Gim Ri Ro Thiên Tai (DRR)
“Cc n lc c h thng nhm phân tch, qun l
cc nguyên nhân ca thiên tai, bao gm gim mc
đ tc đng ca thiên tai, gim mc đ tn tht v
ngưi v ti sn, qun ly khôn ngoan đt đai v
môi trưng sng, v ci thin tnh trng ng ph
vi cc s c bt li.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Tip cn về Gim Nhệ Thiên Tai (DRR)
Chu nh m nhethiên tai (Disaster Risk
Reduction)
Address RiskAcknowledge Risk
Build High-Level
Advocacy
• Promote and guide
process
• Goals and objectives
Assess Current
Organizational
Capacity
• Technical
• Institutional
• Financial
• Legal Framework
1. Goals and
objectives
2. Gap analysis
Organize Planning
Resources
Identify, Evaluate and
Prioritize Risk
Reduction Activities
Apply Risk Reduction
Options
• Physical
• Informational
• Strategic
• Adaptive
Manage residual risk
A safer more resilient
community
Assess Risk
Identify Hazards
Profile Hazards
• Data Collection
• Hazard Mapping
1. Catalog of hazard
occurrences
2. Hazard maps
3. Vulnerability maps
4. Loss assessment
Analyze/Evaluate Risk
• Social
• Economic
• Environmental
• Critical Facilities
Communicate Risk
1. Reports
2. Maps
3. Internet Map
Viewers
4. Model
visualizations
5. Knowledge bases
6. Public awareness
programs
• Education
• Stakeholder
workshops
• Informational
meetings
• Training sessions
• Tools and guidelines
PDC’s Risk Reduction Framework
Đnh Gi Ri Ro
“Mt phương php lun
đ xc đnh bn cht v
phm vi ca ri ro thông
qua vic phân tch ri ro
tim tng v đnh gi
cc điu kin hin ti đi
vi mc đ tn tht c
th tc đng đn con
ngưi, ti sn, cc dch
v x hi, k sinh nhai
v môi trưng.”
(UNISDR, 2009)
Đo quc Samoa,
USA
• American Samoa
– National scale
– FEMA methodology
– Focus on critical facilities
– Data collection and
visualization
Xc đnh mc tiêu, phm vi khu vc nghiên cu
• GIS was used in the Hazard Analysis to:
– Identify and map hazard risk areas.
– Determine vulnerability to jurisdictions, critical facilities, and
structures.
Landslide Hazard
c u tôi ro thiên tai va ng
Riverine Flood Hazard
Tsunami & Storm Surge Zones
County
Village
Name
Function
Number
of
Employees
Estimated
Replacement
Cost ($)
Critical
Facilities
Ownership
Approx.
Value
Contents
($)
1
st
-Floor
Flood
Elevation
(feet)
Lealataua
Leone
Leone
High
School
School/Shelter
$1,960,000
Gov’t.
$1,960,000
53
Maoputasi
Fagaalu
KSBS
Radio
Station
Communications
10
$384,000
Private
$384,000
15
Maoputasi
Fagaalu
LBJ
Tropical
Medical
Hospital
500
$18,836,193
Gov’t.
$28,254,289
17
Maoputasi
Fagatogo
ASG
Gov't
Bldgs.
Government
$14,000,000
Gov’t.
$14,000,000
12.5
Maoputasi
Fagatogo
DPS
Central
Station
Police
230
$770,414
Gov’t.
$1,155,621
8
Maoputasi
Fagatogo
DPS
Fire
Division
Fire
25
$150,000
Gov’t.
$225,000
6
Tualauta
Tafuna
PPG
Intl.
Airport
Transportation
77
$69,080,080
Gov’t.
$69,080,080
15.5
Do c ôt i
Thnh Phố Marikina,
Philippines
Xc đnh mc tiêu, phm vi khu vc nghiên cu
• Marikina City, Philippines
– Municipal scale
– Land-use planning, long-
range development
– Mitigation success
– Risk communication