Ưng dụng mạng RBF trong xử lý ảnh trải phổ. doc

T~p chf Tin h9C
va
Dieu khien h9C, T.
16,
S.2
(2000). 70-76
QUI TRINH
XAY
Dl[NG CO"
Sa
DU'
lI~U
N'EN
, ""r
A. ,
TRONG CAC H~ THONG THONG TIN B!A
l
Y (GIS)
, ''II. , ,( ,
PHl:IC Vl:I QUAN
l
Y HANH CHINH CAP TINH
TRAN VINH PHU6'C
Abstract.
The data bases play an important role in the geographic information systems for public
administration. In that, the GIS basis data bases are an environment to link, intergrate data of various
fields. Based on the GIS basic data base. the special data bases can be created in parallel. This paper
presents a procedure for constructing a GIS basic data base for the public administration. Here, the
continuity of the spatial data and the requirement of administrating in area are created. This procedure
has been applied for some provincial GIS in Southern Vietnam.
1.

GIOl THIEU
Caso- dir li~u la m9t thanh phan quan trong trong cac h~ thong thOng tin dia ly (GIS) phuc Vl?-
quan If
h
anh chinh [6]. Co
50-
dii' li~u ciia cac h~ thong thong tin dia ly (GIS) phuc Vl?- quan ly hanh
chinh phai dam bao lien thong, tich
hop
dir li~u giira cac nganh khac nhau trong tinh, dong thai cho
phep
xu' If theo tung
chuyen nganh.
CO'
50-
dir li~u con
phai
dim
bao tinh
lien
tuc
ciia dir li~u theo
khong gian khong phan bi~t ranh gio'i hanh chinh tinh, huyen, xii, dong thOi cho phep xU- ly theo
don vi hanh chinh ay.
De' gap phan gia.i quyet yeu cau neu tren, cac khai niem ve CO'
56-
dir li~u n'en cua m9t h~ thong
thong tin
dia
ly

phuc
vv
quan
If
hanh chinh va
nhirng
khfa canh
lien quan
ap dung
thuc
te dii dircc
hinh
th
anh va
phat
trie'n
m
anh nhirng
nam
gan day. Co'
513:
dir li~u nen trong h~ thong thong tin
dia
ly
phuc vu
quan ly hanh
chinh
t
ao dieu ki~n
de'

CO'
50-
du' li~u
khong
gian ctia cac
chuyen nganh
co the' diro'c
xay dung
dong thai,
khong
can theo thu: tl).' truxrc sau. CO'
50-
dil' li~u nen cua h~ thong
thong tin dia ly phuc vv quan ly hanh chinh con 111.moi trircng
de'
lien thong, tich
hop
dir lieu cua
cac chuyen nganh khac
nhau.
Bai bao
trinh bay m9t qui trinh
xay
dung CO'
56'
dii' li~u nen cho
cac
h~ thong thong tin
dia
ly

(GIS) phuc vu quan If hanh chfnh cap tinh, dim bao tinh lien tuc theo khong gian cua dfr lieu, dong
thai
dap irng
yeu
cau quan
ly theo tung
vimg
hanh
chinh
va
xU-ly dir li~u theo
ph
an cap. Qui trinh
xay dung CO'
50-
dii' li~u nen diro'c trinh bay 6-day bao dim sir lien
tuc cua
dir li~u khong gian va
yeu
cau
phan
cap,
phan quyen
ciia h~ thong
quan
ly
hanh chinh,
dong thai khOng
bi
anh

htrong
neu co
m9t thay d5i ve
dia
giG;'
hanh chinh,
2.
M(>T
s6
VAN
DE vE
PHUO'NG PHAp LU~N
2.1. H~ thong thong tin d!a
It
phuc v\l quan
It
hanh chfnh cua mc?t tinh
H~
thong thong tin
dia
ly
phuc
vv
quan
ly
cua
m9t
tinh
Ia m<?t h~ thong gom nhieu
phan

h~:
phan
h~
nen, ph
an h~
cong nghf va mdi
trircng,
phan
h~
ccng
nghiep,
phan
h~ dat dai,
ph
an h~ dan
so
va nh
a
0-, ph
an h~
giao
due, phan
h~
nong nghiep, phan
h~ y te,
phan
h~ giao thOng,
ph
an h~ qui
hoach,

v.v diro'c ket noi
va trao
d5i dir li~u
tren
m9t h~ thong m<).ngr9ng thong qua trung tam
xGIS
cua tinh
de' lien thong
va
cung cap dir li~u cho van
phong
Dy ban
nhan dan tinh phuc vu cong
tac
ctia lanh dao.
CO' so DU Llli:U NEN TRaNG GAC Hli: THONG THONG TIN DIA L
Y
71
H~ thong thOng tin dia ly phuc vu quan ly hanh chinh cua m9t tinh dtro'c thiet ke gom
6
thanh
phan: phan ctrng, phan mern, co'
sCJ
dir li~u, qui trlnh, t5 clnrc va con ngtro
i
[1,8,10]. Trong do, cO'
s6' dir li~u la m9t thanh phlin quan trong va can diro'c dau tir dang kg.
2.2. Nhirng d~c trtrng cd ban ciia
h~
cd slYdir

li~u
GIS phuc
v"I).
qulin
ly
hanh
chfnh
CO' s6- dir li~u cu a GIS la m9t trong 6 thanh phan cu a h~ thong. Nhirng d~c trtrng d~ thiet ke
mo hinh co'
sCJ
dii' li~u cua GIS phuc V\l quan ly hanh chinh cap tinh 111.:
(a) TInh chuyen bi~t cu a cac chuyen nganh quan IY.
(b)
Yeu
cau thong nhat cua du' li~u trong cong tac quan ly, qui hoach, ra quydt dinh,
(c) Tinh lien tuc khOng gian cua di'r li~u.
(d)
Yeu
cau xti"ly thong tin phuc V\l qui hoach, quan ly ro
i
r~c khOng gian theo tirng vimg hanh
chinh.
Cac d~c trirng (a) va (b) Ill,hai yeu to thong nhat trong m9t h~ CO's6' dii' lieu GIS phuc vu quan
ly hanh chinh, dtro'c giii quyet bhg moi trtro'ng tich hop va lien thong dir li~u khOng gian thong
nhilt giira cac chuyen nganh khac nhau goi 111.h~ CO'
sCJ
dir lieu nen GIS (GIS basic database).
H~ CO's6- dir li~u nen cua GIS phuc vu quan ly hanh chinh Ill,moi trircng
M
cac nganh chuyen

bi~t co thg thiet ke nhirng h~ CO'
sCJ
du' li~u GIS cho rieng nganh minh. Co' s6- dir li~u nen GIS dU'qc·
sl1'dung chung la di'eu kien can
M
cac CO'
sCJ
dir li~u chuyen nganh thong nhfit dir li~u ve m~t khong
gian, dong thoi ph at trign tinh chilt chuyen bi~t cua tirng nganh. CO' s6' di'r li~u nen GIS 111.moi
triro'ng dg trao d5i cac di! li~u chuyen nganh khac nhau, dong thoi la moi tru'ong
M
tich hop cac
dir li~u chuyen nganh, phuc vu cac cong
t
ac quan ly, qui hoach va ra quyet dinh cua lanh dao.
Hai d~c trung (c) va (d) 111.hai yeu to quan trong vira mau thuh vira thtrc te. Khi thiet ke rno
hlnh co' s6' dii' li~u
M
dim bao yeu cau quan ly theo hanh chinh dong thai tufin thti sir lien tuc tl!'
nhien cu a cac loai dir li~u theo khOng gian.
2.3. CO' slYdir
li~u nen
cda
h~ thong thong tin
d!a
ly
Cac h~ thong thOng tin dia ly phuc V\l quan If da phat trign Ian IU'9i; tir nhirng nhorn chuyen
nganh tai nguyen thien nhien, moi truong, CO's& ky thu%t ha tang, dia chinh, kinh te xa h9i. Tien
trrnh ph at tri~n nay da cho thay qui lu~t phat trign cu a h~ thong tit nhirng dir li~u lien quan nhieu
v&i dat dai,

it
lien quan vci con ngirci den nhirng loai dfi li~u lien quan nhieu vci con ngufri, it lien
quan vci dat dai,
Ngay nay vo'i str ph at trign nhanh ctia nganh cong ngh~ thOng tin, tien trinh phat trign cac h~
thong thong tin dia ly phuc vu quan ly khOng thg di~n ra tuan tl! m a thtro'ng du'o-c trign khai song
song.
I:)~
lam diro'c viec nay, h~ CO'sCJdir li~u GIS co thg diro'c thiet ke thanh 2 phan: phan CO's6-
dii Ii~u nen GIS va CO's& du' Ii~u GIS chuyen nganh.
CO' s6- di'r li~u nen GIS bao gom nhirng dir lieu ma cac h~ thong thong tin dia ly trong cimg m9t
dia bin [vung quan ly) deu can den va co thg sl1'dung chung. NhU' v~y, t~p dir li~u nen cua h~ thong
thong tin dia Iy 111.phan giao ciia cac t~p dir li~u chuyen nganh trong cling m9t h~ thong.
CO' s6- dii' Ii~u nen GIS
=
n
co' s6- dir li~u GIS chuyen nganh.
Dir lieu nen trong h~ thong thong tin dia ly phuc V\l quan If hanh chinh dip tinh gom cac dfr
li~u co' ban nhir: Rink
aq
dtro'c bi~u di~n theo dang dU'ang; Cao
aq
diro'c bigu di~n dU'oi d~ng digm
bdu di~n theo d~ng dU'<mg, vung, digm; Song,
ko
bigu di~n d~ng dU'<mg vung; Nha bi~u di~n d~ng
vung va topology; Hank chink bao gom tlnh, huy~n/qu~n, xa/phU'<mg dU'<?,cbigu di~n d~ng dU'o-ng,
vung va topology.
Trong h~ thong thOng tin dia ly ph\lc V\l quh ly hanh chinh, CO's6- dii" Ii~u nen GIS con la mai
tru'o'ng trao d5i di'r Ii~u, t~o dieu ki~n ehia xe tai nguyen di'r li~u giii"a cac chuyen ngll,nh. M~t khac,
vi~c thanh l~p CO's6- di'r li~u nen GIS con gop phan tiet ki~m ngan saeh m9t cach dang k~ vi cae

ngll,nh, cac cap co th~ sti"d\lng chung m9t nguon tll,i nguyen di'r li~u ctia CO's& di'r li~u nen.
Sau khi CO'sCJdU'li~u nen GIS dU'<?,cxay d1!llg m9t cach chuiin m\l"c, cac h~ thong CO's6- di! Ii~u
72
TRAN vINH PHUo-C
khong gian chuyen nganh co thg ph
at
trign d{k l~p ma khong din theo trlnh t~· truyen thong khi
xay dung cac h~ thong thOng tin dia ly phuc v~ quan lY.
3. QUI TRiNH XAY DVNG CO'
so'
DU LI¥U NEN
Qui trinh chung
M
xay dung
CCf
sO-dir li~u nen cua m9t h~ thong thOng tin dia ly (GIS) co thg
thuc hien theo 3 giai dean [4,10]:
Giai doan
m9t:
Khdi tao
cd
sd dir li~u
So
hoa
ban do giay
M
)Cay dimg
CCf
sit dir li~u khOng
gian

blng
each nhap vao
may
tinh
nhirng
dir li~u
dtroc hru
giii'
tren
ban do giay [7,9,11].
Dir lieu ban do giay sau khi so hoa diro'c t5 chtrc lU"Utrfr trong h~ thong
CCf
sit
du·
li~u nen diro'c
thiet ke
darn bao
tfnh lien
tuc
theo
khong
gian
cua
dii'
lieu,
cung cap
kha nang
lien thOng dii' li~u
giira cac nganh dong thai
darn

bao yeu diu
quan
ly theo
vung
lanh th5 va theo
chuyen
nganh.
The gioi
tlnrc
tai
thai diem Hun
ban
eto giay
The gioi
thirc
tai
thai diem t
=
0
(nam 2xxx)
TIle gioi
thirc
voi
thai gian tlnrc
tn~
Td
Cong nghe thanh lap
ban
do
giay

Ban
do
giay
so
hoa
ban
do
giily
et~
khoi tao co
sa
dfr lieu nen
Ban
eto
s6 hoa
Xay sung
CCi
SO'
dfr lieu
nen
tll'
nguon
dfr
lieu
ban
eto
diroc s6 hoa
Giai doan hai:
Hieu chinh
dfr

lieu
tit the gioi tlnrc
Giai doan ba:
Bao trl da lieu theo
thai gian
tlnrc
tr~ Td
CCi
SO'
dtr lieu
nen tai
t
=
a
(nam 2xxx)
Hinh 1. Cac qui trlnh th anh l~p
CCf
sO-dii: li~u nen cila GIS
co' so'
DfT
LItU NEN TRONG
cAe
Ht
THONG THONG TIN f>lA LY
78
Giai doan hai: Hi~u chinh dii"li~u
Du' li~u khOng gian du'o'c thanh l~p trong giai dean m<?tso voi thg gi&i con t5n
t
ai nhirng sai s5
nhat dinh

VI
nhirng nguyen nhan sau day:
(i) Qui trlnh do ve ngoai nghiep, n9i nghiep phat sinh nhirng sai s5 (cho phep] tren ban do
giay so v&i thuc te tai thai. di~m do
dac,
(ii) Qui trmh in an ban do giay va su' gian n& ciia chat li~u giay lam ban do ciing
t
ao ra sai so
dang k€.
(iii) Qui trlnh so hoa ban do khOng tranh khoi nhirng sai so nhat dinh.
(iv) D~c bi~t, nhirng thay d5i ciia cac doi tiro'ng khOng gian, trong khoang thai gian tir hie do
ve l~p ban do giay dgn thai. die'm hien hanh tao ra str thieu sot dii' li~u dang ke' din bo sung.
Giai dean hai cua tien trinh xay dung
CO"
S6'dir li~u nen la thu th~p di'f li~u khong gian thirc tg
tu: the gioi thuc
t
ai thai die'm
t
= 0
d€ hieu chinh
CO"
86-di'f li~u nen da xay dung xong trong giai
dean mi?t kh1tc phuc cac sai so. Mi?t yeu diu d~t ra trong giai dean nay la moi hieu chinh dir li~u
nen phai dim bao giii: nguyen tfnh dung ditn cua dir li~u chuyen nganh da diro'c xay dirng tren cimg
m9t
CO"
s6- du' li~u nen.
Giai
dO<}D

ba: Bao tri
cO'
sO-dir li~u
Bao trl
CO"
S6-di'f li~u bao dim 8V'c~p nh~t tlnrong xuyen nhirng dir li~u khOng gian trong thg
gieri thu'c theo thoi gian thirc co khoang tr~
Td
la chu ky c~p nh~t theo qui dinh. Nh irng qui dinh
NH mro'c va nhirng qui trinh ky thu~t diro'c thiet ke sin la dieu ki~n can d€ chuyen vien cac cap
c6 trach nhiern c~p nh~t dir lieu theo chu ky nhdt dinh. Nhimg h~ thOng thong tin dia ly khong t5
chirc c~p nh~t thircng xuyen di'f li~u khOng gian thi thOng tin se ngheo dan, khOng chfnh xac va h~
thong c6 nguy
CO"
lac ·h~u.
4.
PHAN TicH LUONG ntr LI~U MQT H~ THONG THONG TIN
DJA
LY
PHvcvVQulNLYHANHCH~HC1pT~H
4.1. Quan h~ ve drr li~u ghra Trung tam
xGIS
cua tinh vO'i cac
CO'
quan trong tinh
Dii: li~u khOng gian cua h~ thong co diu true vec to , cac doi ttrong trong khOng gian diroc bi~u
di~n theo cac dang: di~m, dtrong, vimg va tfnh chat topology cua cac vimg
[2,3,5].
Dir li~u khOng gian dtro'c hru tri'f
t

ai Trung tam xG IS theo cac dang: manh bin do, vimg h anh
chinh toan khu vue [vung
1)
vrri nhirng thOng tin t5ng quat, vung tinh [vung 2) gom
CO"
si'f dir li~u
nen va nhirng dii' li~u 811·dung chung giira mi?t 80 nganh, vimg tirng huyen trong dnh [vimg 3), vimg
t
irng xa/phu'ang trong tinh [vung 4).
Trung tam xGIS chiu tr ach nhiern hru trjr va c~p nh~t dir lieu nen. Trung tam xGIS quan ly va
trao d5i dir li~u chuyen nganh 811-dung chung giira cac S6', ban, nganh cap tinh, Van phong Dy ban
nhan dan tjnh co th~ truy xuat
M
xem dfr li~u khOng gian toan khu virc, toan tinh ho~c tirng huyen,
van phong Dy ban nhan dan co th~ truy xudt
M
xem di'f li~u khOng gian toan huyen cua mlnh hoac
.••-tu'ng xa trong huyen.
M5i S6', ban, nganh cap tinh co th~ truy xu at tu' Trung tam xGIS dir li~u nen to an tinh ho~c
tjrng huyen, chiu tr ach nhiem hru trii' dii li~u khOng gian chuyen nganh dung chung va dung rieng
theo dang vimg toan tinh va tung huyen trong tinh. M6i sb, ban, nganh cap tinh chiu tr ach nhiern
c~p nh~t di'f li~u chuyen nganh dung chung ve Trung tam xGIS.
Trong ttrong lai, m6i 86-, ban, nganh cap dnh trao d5i veri phong, ban dip huyen theo nganh
doc nhirng dir lieu khOng gian chuyen nganh toan huyen.
4.2. Qui trinh Iu"Utrrr, truy van dir Ii~u cUa h~ thong
Co' 86' dir li~u nen dircc thiet ke
M
cac thanh phan ctia dir Ii~u nen hoac chuyen nganh lien tuc
theo khong gian. Nhirng thay d5i ve vung quan ly / X11-Iy nhir ranh gici hanh chinh khOng lam thay
74

TRAN ViNH PHUo-C
d5i cau true va t5 chirc cti a dir li~u khOng gian trong ph am vi toan tinh (hlnh 3).
U
Y
ban Nhan dan
tinh
Hinh 2. SO'do quan h~ dii: li~u GIS giii'a Trung tam xGIS voi cac CO'quan hanh chinh cap tinh
va cO'quan hanh chinh dtp huyen
so .
so

5.
KET
LU~N
Quan niern CO'sa dii: li~u nen dtro'c thie't- ke trong h~ thong thong tin dia ly phuc
V\l
quan ly
hanh chinh
t
ao di'eu kien d~ CO'so' du' li~u khOng gian ciia cac chuyen nganh c6 the' dtro'c xay
dung
dong thai, khong can theo m<?t thii' tv' trtrrrc sau. CO' sO-dii' li~u h'en cii a h~ thong thOng tin dia ly
phuc
V\l
quan ly hanh chinh ciia m<?t tinh con Ill. moi trtro'ng de' lien thOng, tich hop dir li~u cua cac
chuyen nganh kh ac nhau.
Qui trlnh xay dung rndt h~ CO'sO-du' li~u nen cho cac h~ thong thong tin dia ly phuc vv quan
ly h anh chinh bao dim tinh lien tuc theo khOng gian cua dir li~u, dong thai dap irng yeu cau quan
ly theo vimg giai han va x~ ly dir li~u theo phan cap. Nhirng d~c trtmg cua co- sO-dir li~u nen bao
dim tinh phan cap, phan quyen cua h~ thong quan ly hanh chinh. Tinh lien tuc cua dir lieu khOng

gian trong co' so' dii li~u n'en gnip cho cac co' sa dir li~u chuyen nganh khong bi hh hiro'ng n~u c6
m9t thay d5i ve dia gioi hanh chinh.
Kh ai niern CO'so' dir li~u nen GIS diroc Trung tam Cong ngh~ thOng tin di a ly - DITAGIS, triro-ng
Dai h9C
Ky
thu~t Tp. Ho Chi Minh cai d~t va ap dung thu-c te cho m9t so h~ thong thong tin dia ly
phuc
V\l
quan ly hanh chinh dip t1nh nhir tinh Bong Nai voi h~ thong DONAGIS, tinh Blnh Durrng
v6i h~ thong BIDOGIS, da chimg to dtroc nhirng
U'U
die'm:
• Bao dim tinh lien tuc cua dir li~u ve m~t khOng gian, dong thai cho phep
xu'
ly dii' li~u theo
t
irng vung hanh chinh phuc vv cong tac quan ly, qui hoach theo tirng dia phuo ng.
so .
Trung tam
xGIS
so .
so .
.>
so .
•
Phong, ban chirc
nang cua huyen
Phong, ban clurc
nang cua huyen
U

Y
ban Nhan dan
huyen .
co so nUL$U NEN TRONG cAe
H$
THONG THONG TIN DlA LY
75
• Kha nang tfch hop dif lieu nen voi nhieu nganh khac nhau va van bao dam tfnh chat chuyen
bier cua tung nganh.
Qui Trinh chuyen
d6i
dfr
lieu manh
Thanh dir lieu vung
Qui Trinh chuyen
d6i dif lieu vung
Thanh dir lieu manh
f····················································
I· ········· ····· · · ·· · ··· ··· :
Co
so dfr
lieu GIS tai Dit lieu vung 2, 3
co quan chuyen nganh
cap tinh, cluia dif lieu
vunz
2.3
Bien d6i
dfr
lieu
vung 3

+
4
Co
sO
dir lieu GIS tai
co quan cap huyen,
clnra dil lieu vung 3, 4
Co
so
dif lieu
manh
Co
sO
dif lieu
vung
1,2,3,4
Bien d6i
dfr
lieu
vung 4
+
3
Hinh
3. Sa do luong
dfr
lieu va t6 chrrc luu trir cap nhat dii lieu GIS cua h¢ th6ng
Chti thich: du lieu vimg 1:
dfr
lieu khong gian roan khu vue; du Ii¢u vimg 2:
dfr

lieu khong gian roan
tinh; dir li¢u vung 3: dir lieu kh6ng gian cua mot huyen: dir lieu vung 4: dir lieu kh6ng gian cua mot xa.
76
TRAN ViNH PHUo-C
TA.l
L~U
THAM KHAO
[1] D11.ONgoc Canh, Le Huynh, Tr~n Vinh PhU'6'c, Mi?t so va:n de ve
phirong
phap lu~n h~ thong
thOng tin
dia
ly (GIS)' ThOng bao khoa hoc Trv:irng Dq,i hoc Sv: phom. Ha Nqi, so
2, 1999,
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Nh4n bai ngay 20 - 8 - 1999

Nh4n Iq,i sau khi stfa ngay
22 - 2 -
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Trunq tiim. Gong ngh~ thong tin aia
Iy -
DITAGIS
Trv:irng -Dq,ihoc Kfj thu4t - -DHQG Tp.
Hs
Ghi Minh.